GB2028571A - Carbon dioxide gas lasers - Google Patents
Carbon dioxide gas lasers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2028571A GB2028571A GB7922594A GB7922594A GB2028571A GB 2028571 A GB2028571 A GB 2028571A GB 7922594 A GB7922594 A GB 7922594A GB 7922594 A GB7922594 A GB 7922594A GB 2028571 A GB2028571 A GB 2028571A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- envelope
- laser
- gas
- carbon dioxide
- catalyst
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- SYRHIZPPCHMRIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(4+) Chemical compound [Sn+4] SYRHIZPPCHMRIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 22
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910017061 Fe Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002621 H2PtCl6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLIGOPWLDBRXCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L azane;dichloroplatinum Chemical compound N.Cl[Pt]Cl JLIGOPWLDBRXCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
- H01S3/097—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping by gas discharge of a gas laser
- H01S3/0971—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping by gas discharge of a gas laser transversely excited
- H01S3/09713—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping by gas discharge of a gas laser transversely excited with auxiliary ionisation, e.g. double discharge excitation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/02—Constructional details
- H01S3/03—Constructional details of gas laser discharge tubes
- H01S3/036—Means for obtaining or maintaining the desired gas pressure within the tube, e.g. by gettering, replenishing; Means for circulating the gas, e.g. for equalising the pressure within the tube
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Lasers (AREA)
Abstract
A carbon dioxide laser comprises an envelope 1 containing an electrode structure 2, 3, and reflecting and partially reflecting mirrors 10, 11. A tin (IV) oxide-supported palladium or platinum catalyst contained in porous structures 22 of alumina or silica is mounted inside the envelope to provide a room temperature catalytic oxidation of CO during and following discharge of the laser in a pulsed or continuous wave mode of operation. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Carbon dioxide gas lasers
This invention relates to carbon dioxide (CO2) gas lasers in which laser emission is initiated by electrical discharge within an envelope containing the gas.
A typical CO2 laser comprises an envelope or tube containing 9 gas mixture e.g. of CO2, N2, and
He, electrodes for providing an electrical discharge within the gas, a reflecting and a partially reflecting mirror spaced apart and often parallel to one another at opposite ends of the envelope.
Lasers can be divided into two groups, continuous wave (CW) and pulsed lasers; the former emits radiation continuously (when supplied with power) whilst the latter emits radiation in short bursts. Both groups may use a flowing gas system or a sealed envelope system.
The electrical discharge in the gas causes a dissociation of CO2 into CO and 02. In the flowing gas system the reaction gas products are swept out of the envelope but in the sealed system these products remain within the envelope and, unless recombined into CO2, result in loss of output, for example by causing arcing between the electrodes with possible consequential failure of the laser.
In general the difficulties caused by CO2 dissociation increases in severity as the pressure of the active gas is raised. Thus CW lasers which operate at e.g. 20 Torr. do not have the problem to the same extent as pulsed lasers operating at atmospheric pressure. At higher gas pressures transverse (of the laser axis) excitation of the discharge is normally used, these are termed TE lasers. Lasers operating at atmospheric gas pressure with transverse excitation are termed TEA (transverse excitation atmspheric~pressure lasers. With these higher pressure gas lasers the presence of the dissociation products CO and 02 tends to cause the uniform electrical discharge to degrade into localised arcs with consequential dramatic ioss of performance.
One form of TEA laser uses a trigger wire to produce subsidiary discharge to the anode causing ultra violet irradiation of the cathode. This produces the diffuse photo emission of electrons necessary for the creation of a uniform discharge and helps counter the arcing problem. Such a laser is described in IEEE Journal of Quantum
Electronics, Vol. QEl 1, No. 9, September 1975, pages 774-778.
Another TEA laser is described in J. Phys. E Sci.
Instruments, Vol. 11, 1978, pages 311-31 5. It uses two arrays of sliding arcs to provide ultra violet radiation which pre-ionises the gas between the principal electrodes of the laser before high volts are applied to these, thus encouraging the formation of a uniform discharge. Additionally a heated platinum wire is used to catalyse the recombination of CO and 0,. Use of a Pt wire in a
CO2 TEA laser is described in J. Phys. E. Sci.
Instrum., Vol. 11, 1978, pages 316-319. A disadvantage of such a heated wire is its power consumption, typically about 8 watt, which adds
to the required battery weight in portable
equipment and may result in thermal distortion
the laser envelope.
According to this invention a carbon dioxide
gas laser comprises an envelope containing a gas
including carbon dioxide, a structure for inducing
an electric discharge within the envelope, a
reflecting and a partially reflecting mirror spaced
apart and a catalyst material for recombining
carbon monoxide and oxygen into carbon dioxide,
the catalyst being either tin (IV) oxide-supported
palladium or tin (IV) oxide-supported platinum.
The structure for inducing an electric discharge
may be spaced electrodes, or radio frequency
induction.
The catalyst may be incorporated into porous
structures such as activated alumina, silica etc.,
and be formed into strips or sheets. The amount of
Pd or Pt within or on the SnO2 may vary, a typical value is around 2% by weight. The catalyst operates unheated at ambient temperatures even
in very cold climates, but it may include a small power consumption heater for initial use until the
laser envelope reaches its operating temperature.
The laser may be a CW or pulsed laser with a sealed envelope or an unsealed envelope. The laser may include a device such as a fan to circulate the laser gas.
The use of tin (IV) oxide-supported palladium has previously been suggested for use in
automobile exhaust systems, G. Croft and M. J.
Fuller Nature, Vol. 269, 13 October 1977, page 585/6. However automobile exhaust systems operate at elevated temperatures and it has previously been considered necessary to use such high temperatures for catalytic oxidation of CO by O2a and N2. In addition catalytic exhaust systems operate with considerable excess air rather than stoichiometric amounts of CO and 02.
The invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings of which:
Figure 1,2 are plan and side sectional views of a transversely excited atmospheric pressure CO2 laser;
Figure 3 is a circuit diagram for the laser of
Figure 1.
As shown in the drawings a laser comprises an envelope 1 made of glass and expansion matched
Ni-Fe-Co alloy. The envelope 1 is filled with gas at 760 Torr. pressure and a composition by volume of-40% CO2, 20% N2, 40% He. Two Rogowskiprofiled nickel electrodes 2,3 are spaced apart by alumina spacers 4 parallel to the laser axis 5.
These electrodes 2,3 are supported by alumina blocks 6.7 which also carry electrical connections 8, 9 to the exterior of the envelope 1. At one end of the envelope 1 is a gold plated fully reflecting mirror 10 arranged normal to the laser axis 5 whilst at the other end of the envelope lisa multilayer-dielectric-coated germanium 85% reflection mirror 11 also arranged normal to the laser axis 5. At both sides of the envelope are rows of tee shaped tungsten rods 12, 13 which pass into the envelope 1 in a gas tight manner. The pointed inner ends of the rods are spaced apart e.g. by 2mm arc gaps. Each row of rods 12,13 is connected to earth via capacitors 14,1 5 e.g. 4 pF capacitors, and the rows connected in parallel as shown in Figure 3.The energy for the arcs is provided by two 900pF 16, 1 7 capacitors charged to 30kV by an HT circuit 18 and connected via a triggered spark gap SG 1. The energy for the electrodes 3, 4 is provided by a 1 OnF capacitor 1 9 also charged to 30kV by a HT circuit 2q and connected via a spark gap SG2. A delay 21, e.g.
2ups. allows sequential firing of SG 1 and SG2.
Strips 22 of porous alumina incorporating 1.8%
Pd-SnO2 (or 1.3% Pt-SnO2) are mounted inside the envelope. Alternatively catalyst coated strips or rods may be mounted in the envelope. The (Pd
SnO2) catalyst may be prepared by standard processes e.g. by impregnating SnO2 gel with
H2PdCI4 solution or cation-exchanging with
Pd(NH3)4(OH)2, or by co-precipitating Pd(OH)2 and hydrated SnO2 from chloride solution with KOH followed by washing, drying, and re-washing. This results in SnO2 particles supporting Pd in and/or on the surface. Such processes have been developed by the Tin Research Institute and described by G. C. Bond, L. R. Molloy and M. J.
Fuller, J. Chem. Soc. (Chem. Communications) pages 796/7, 1975. These processes result in a tin (IV) oxide-supported palladium which is a more effective catalyst for the oxidation of CO than either SnO2 or Pd is individually, particularly at low temperatures. Similarly, the Pt-SnO2 catalyst may be prepared by standard processes e.g. by ionexchanging a platinum chloride-ammonia complex (H2PtCl6+NH3) with SnO2 gel,followed by reduction. This results in SnO2 particles supporting
Pt in and/or near the surface. Such processes have been developed by the Tin Research Institute.
These processes result in a tin (IV) oxidesupported platinum which is a more effective
catalyst for the oxidation of CO than either SnO2 or
Pt is individually, particularly at low temperature.
The catalyst may be incorporated into porous
structures by standard processes as described for
example in R. L. Moss, Experimental Methods in
Catalytic Research, Vol. 2, pages 43-94, Academic Press Inc. 1 976.
In operation the spark gap SG 1 is closed which
results in a series of arcs being formed in
sequence along the two rows of rods 12, 13. This
provides pre-ionising ultra-violet radiation into the
gas between the main electrodes 3, 4. After about 2,us (depending on the gas composition) the spark
gap SG2 is closed resulting in the main electrical
discharge and a consequential burst of laser
radiation through the mirror 11. As a result some
CO2 dissociates into CO and 02. The catalyst
assists in the recombination of CO and 02 into
CO2.The amount of catalyst needed depends on
the laser pulse repetition frequency (PRF) (and
hence generation of 02) the acceptable
degradation in laser performance (increasing 2 concentration reduces performance), the
temperature of the catalyst and its availability to
the CO and 02. For a given pulse repetition
frequency and permitted 02 concentration the
amount of catalyst must be increased until
recombination matches dissociation. The rate of
re-combination varies with temperature.It has
been found for example, that 02 and CO are
removed by Snood from an initial mixture of
34% CO2, 20% N2, 40% He, 4% CO and 2% 02, at
a rate of about 0.005 cm3/s/g per unit mass of
catalyst at -300C and 0.3 cm3/s/g at 400C with a
logarithmic relation at immediate temperatures. In
similar conditions, it has been found that 02 and
CO are removed by SnO2Pt at a rate of about 0.06
cm3/s/g at 1 70C. This shows that the catalysts
can operate at ambient temperatures even in very
cold climates.
Use of SnO2-Pd or SnO2-Pt as catalysts is not
limited to TEA lasers since they can be used with
other CO2 gas lasers to increase useful life times.
For example they can be used with low pressure 20 Torr. CW lasers and CW waveguide lasers (gas
pressure about 100 Torr.).
Claims (7)
1. A carbon dioxide laser comprising an envelope containing a gas including carbon dioxide, a structure for inducing an electric discharge within the envelope a reflecting mirror and a partially reflecting mirror characterised by a catalyst material of tin (IV) oxide-supported
palladium or tin (IV) oxide-supported platinum.
2. A laser according to claim 1 wherein the catalyst is incorporated into a porous structure of
alumina or silicon.
3. A laser according to claim 1 wherein the catalyst is coated onto rods or strips.
4. A laser according to claim 1 wherein the envelope is a closed envelope.
5. A laser according to claim 1 wherein the structure for inducing an electric discharge
includes electrodes for causing a transverse excitation of the gas.
6. A laser according to claim 5 wherein
electrode structures having arc gaps are provided for causing pre-ionisation of the gas.
7. A laser constructed, arranged and adapted to operate substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7922594A GB2028571B (en) | 1978-07-10 | 1979-06-28 | Carbon dioxide gas lasers |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7829328 | 1978-07-10 | ||
| GB7922594A GB2028571B (en) | 1978-07-10 | 1979-06-28 | Carbon dioxide gas lasers |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2028571A true GB2028571A (en) | 1980-03-05 |
| GB2028571B GB2028571B (en) | 1982-09-08 |
Family
ID=26268163
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7922594A Expired GB2028571B (en) | 1978-07-10 | 1979-06-28 | Carbon dioxide gas lasers |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2028571B (en) |
Cited By (28)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3234384A1 (en) * | 1981-09-25 | 1983-04-07 | United Technologies Corp., 06101 Hartford, Conn. | CO (DOWN ARROW) 2 (DOWN ARROW) LASER |
| EP0081081A1 (en) * | 1981-12-08 | 1983-06-15 | ELTRO GmbH Gesellschaft für Strahlungstechnik | Process and apparatus for CO2 laser excitation |
| GB2123206A (en) * | 1982-07-02 | 1984-01-25 | Raytheon Co | Laser with recombination catalyst |
| US4451924A (en) * | 1982-05-19 | 1984-05-29 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Mercury halide lasers utilizing electrodes coated with a getter |
| EP0116785A1 (en) * | 1983-01-10 | 1984-08-29 | United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority | Catalyst preparation |
| FR2545994A1 (en) * | 1983-05-09 | 1984-11-16 | Telecommunications Sa | Laser generator with catalyst for the laser gas |
| US4490482A (en) * | 1983-03-02 | 1984-12-25 | Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada | Method for producing a catalyst for oxidizing carbon monoxide |
| US4547886A (en) * | 1981-09-25 | 1985-10-15 | United Technologies Corporation | Catalyzed sealed-off CO2 laser |
| GB2168193A (en) * | 1984-10-18 | 1986-06-11 | Oxford Lasers Ltd | Laser discharge tube |
| US4689796A (en) * | 1985-09-24 | 1987-08-25 | Spectra-Physics, Inc. | Method and apparatus for regulating pressure in laser tubes |
| US4756000A (en) * | 1987-02-18 | 1988-07-05 | Macken John A | Discharge driven gold catalyst with application to a CO2 laser |
| US4757512A (en) * | 1987-02-18 | 1988-07-12 | Macken John A | Discharge driven silver oxide catalyst with application to a CO2 laser |
| US4808394A (en) * | 1987-09-08 | 1989-02-28 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide |
| US4818745A (en) * | 1987-09-08 | 1989-04-04 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Catalyst for oxidation of carbon monoxide and process for preparing the catalyst |
| US4830844A (en) * | 1987-10-06 | 1989-05-16 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Oxidation of carbon monoxide and catalyst composition therefor |
| US4839330A (en) * | 1986-06-12 | 1989-06-13 | The United States Of America As Repesented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Isotope exchange in oxide-containing catalyst |
| EP0330224A1 (en) * | 1988-02-26 | 1989-08-30 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide |
| US4868841A (en) * | 1988-06-13 | 1989-09-19 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Directly heated ceramic catalyst support |
| US4897848A (en) * | 1988-01-29 | 1990-01-30 | John Macken | Discharge driven precious metal catalyst with application to carbon monoxide lasers |
| US4902660A (en) * | 1988-02-26 | 1990-02-20 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Catalyst for oxidation of carbon monoxide |
| US4914071A (en) * | 1987-07-14 | 1990-04-03 | The British Petroleum Company P.L.C. | Method for preparing a catalyst |
| US4920088A (en) * | 1987-09-08 | 1990-04-24 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Catalyst for the oxidation of carbon monoxide |
| US4921830A (en) * | 1988-04-13 | 1990-05-01 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Catalyst for the oxidation of carbon monoxide |
| US5020069A (en) * | 1989-12-18 | 1991-05-28 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Platinum catalyst for forming carbon dioxide |
| US5071818A (en) * | 1991-03-21 | 1991-12-10 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Process for preparation of tin dioxide containing catalyst composition |
| US5771259A (en) * | 1996-11-08 | 1998-06-23 | Dvorkin; Lev P. | Laser electrode coating |
| US7469000B2 (en) | 2006-11-22 | 2008-12-23 | Universal Laser Systems, Inc. | Gas lasers including nanoscale catalysts and methods for producing such lasers |
| US7488229B2 (en) | 1999-06-08 | 2009-02-10 | Oridion Medical (1987) Ltd. | Spectrally stable infra red discharge lamps |
-
1979
- 1979-06-28 GB GB7922594A patent/GB2028571B/en not_active Expired
Cited By (34)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4547886A (en) * | 1981-09-25 | 1985-10-15 | United Technologies Corporation | Catalyzed sealed-off CO2 laser |
| DE3234384A1 (en) * | 1981-09-25 | 1983-04-07 | United Technologies Corp., 06101 Hartford, Conn. | CO (DOWN ARROW) 2 (DOWN ARROW) LASER |
| EP0081081A1 (en) * | 1981-12-08 | 1983-06-15 | ELTRO GmbH Gesellschaft für Strahlungstechnik | Process and apparatus for CO2 laser excitation |
| DE3148570A1 (en) * | 1981-12-08 | 1983-06-23 | Eltro GmbH, Gesellschaft für Strahlungstechnik, 6900 Heidelberg | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR OPERATING A CO (ARROW DOWN) 2 (ARROW DOWN) GAS LASER |
| US4651324A (en) * | 1981-12-08 | 1987-03-17 | Franz Prein | Method and apparatus for operating a CO2 gas laser |
| US4451924A (en) * | 1982-05-19 | 1984-05-29 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Mercury halide lasers utilizing electrodes coated with a getter |
| GB2123206A (en) * | 1982-07-02 | 1984-01-25 | Raytheon Co | Laser with recombination catalyst |
| US4524051A (en) * | 1983-01-10 | 1985-06-18 | United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority | Catalyst preparation and oxidation of carbon monoxide with said catalyst |
| EP0116785A1 (en) * | 1983-01-10 | 1984-08-29 | United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority | Catalyst preparation |
| US4490482A (en) * | 1983-03-02 | 1984-12-25 | Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada | Method for producing a catalyst for oxidizing carbon monoxide |
| FR2545994A1 (en) * | 1983-05-09 | 1984-11-16 | Telecommunications Sa | Laser generator with catalyst for the laser gas |
| GB2168193B (en) * | 1984-10-18 | 1989-05-24 | Oxford Lasers Ltd | Improvements in lasers |
| GB2168193A (en) * | 1984-10-18 | 1986-06-11 | Oxford Lasers Ltd | Laser discharge tube |
| US4689796A (en) * | 1985-09-24 | 1987-08-25 | Spectra-Physics, Inc. | Method and apparatus for regulating pressure in laser tubes |
| US4839330A (en) * | 1986-06-12 | 1989-06-13 | The United States Of America As Repesented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Isotope exchange in oxide-containing catalyst |
| US4756000A (en) * | 1987-02-18 | 1988-07-05 | Macken John A | Discharge driven gold catalyst with application to a CO2 laser |
| US4757512A (en) * | 1987-02-18 | 1988-07-12 | Macken John A | Discharge driven silver oxide catalyst with application to a CO2 laser |
| US4914071A (en) * | 1987-07-14 | 1990-04-03 | The British Petroleum Company P.L.C. | Method for preparing a catalyst |
| US4818745A (en) * | 1987-09-08 | 1989-04-04 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Catalyst for oxidation of carbon monoxide and process for preparing the catalyst |
| US4920088A (en) * | 1987-09-08 | 1990-04-24 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Catalyst for the oxidation of carbon monoxide |
| US4808394A (en) * | 1987-09-08 | 1989-02-28 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide |
| US4830844A (en) * | 1987-10-06 | 1989-05-16 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Oxidation of carbon monoxide and catalyst composition therefor |
| US4897848A (en) * | 1988-01-29 | 1990-01-30 | John Macken | Discharge driven precious metal catalyst with application to carbon monoxide lasers |
| US4902660A (en) * | 1988-02-26 | 1990-02-20 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Catalyst for oxidation of carbon monoxide |
| US4911904A (en) * | 1988-02-26 | 1990-03-27 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide |
| EP0330224A1 (en) * | 1988-02-26 | 1989-08-30 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide |
| US4921830A (en) * | 1988-04-13 | 1990-05-01 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Catalyst for the oxidation of carbon monoxide |
| US4868841A (en) * | 1988-06-13 | 1989-09-19 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Directly heated ceramic catalyst support |
| JPH03501119A (en) * | 1988-06-13 | 1991-03-14 | ヒューズ・エアクラフト・カンパニー | Support for directly heated ceramic catalysts |
| US5020069A (en) * | 1989-12-18 | 1991-05-28 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Platinum catalyst for forming carbon dioxide |
| US5071818A (en) * | 1991-03-21 | 1991-12-10 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Process for preparation of tin dioxide containing catalyst composition |
| US5771259A (en) * | 1996-11-08 | 1998-06-23 | Dvorkin; Lev P. | Laser electrode coating |
| US7488229B2 (en) | 1999-06-08 | 2009-02-10 | Oridion Medical (1987) Ltd. | Spectrally stable infra red discharge lamps |
| US7469000B2 (en) | 2006-11-22 | 2008-12-23 | Universal Laser Systems, Inc. | Gas lasers including nanoscale catalysts and methods for producing such lasers |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2028571B (en) | 1982-09-08 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| PE20 | Patent expired after termination of 20 years |
Effective date: 19990627 |