GB2024391A

GB2024391A - Cold or deep-freeze store

Info

Publication number: GB2024391A
Application number: GB7901562A
Authority: GB
Original assignee: Gruenzweig & Hartmann Montage; Gruenzweig und Hartmann Montage GmbH
Current assignee: Gruenzweig & Hartmann Montage; Gruenzweig und Hartmann Montage GmbH
Priority date: 1978-01-16
Filing date: 1979-01-16
Publication date: 1980-01-09
Also published as: DK16479A; NO790125L; IT7919335A0; YU9179A; AT367841B; CH637445A5; NL7808621A; YU44303B; SE7810285L; GB2024391B; DE2801718A1; DE2801718B2; ES476905A1; FR2414602A1; LU80088A1; ATA580378A; BE870082A; IT1110697B

Abstract

Cold store or deep-freeze store in the form of a large shed, the walls and ceilings of the store consisting of steel sheets and non-flammable insulating materials in several layers, characterised in that the outer wall (A) is built up from coffers (1) which consist of galvanised or plastic-coated steel sheets and are filled with insulating material (9), being adjoined inwards by further layers (10, 11) of insulating material and the innermost layer (11) being optionally covered by profiled metal sheets (13), and the coffers (1) are constructed as "U"- shaped troughs, the ends of the arms of which are bent off by 90 DEG parallel to the bottom (3) of the trough, in the same direction, one arm (S1) being so much longer that it can receive the second shorter arm (S2). <IMAGE>

Description

SPECIFICATION Cold store or deep-freeze store in the form of a large shed The invention relates to a cold store or deepfreeze store in the form of a large shed, the walls and ceilings of the store consisting of steel sheets and non-flammable insulating materials in several layers.

Cold stores are known in which a continuous insulating space is formed between the metal sheets of the walls and of the ceilings and in which insulating material is introduced in a known manner between the walls. Such a mode of construction requires special supporting elements to produce the continuous insulating spaces, and filling up with an insulating material which is to be introduced in the loose state is not only involved, but it does not even ensure a correspondingly good filling of the spaces which had been left empty beforehand.

It was the object of the invention to provide cold stores or deep-freeze stores in the form of large sheds, for which all the known constructions of large sheds of this type, be it steel constructions or steel-reinforced constructions, can be used, irrespective of the dimensions to which a large shed of this type is being built, where it is to be erected and what it is to be used for.

It has now been found that this object is achieved when the outer wall is built up from coffers which consist of galvanised or plasticcoated steel sheets and are filled with insulating material, being adjoined inwards by further layers of insulating material and the innermost layer being optionally covered by profiled metal sheets.

In a further form of construction, according to the invention, the coffers, as a statically selfsupporting outer shell, form the outer wall and the ceiling, the corner between the wall and the ceiling being closed by an angle profile which is fastened to the stanchions and serves for fixing the ends of specially shaped coffers for the ceiling and wall in position.

According to the invention, a cold store can be built up in such a way that the coffer is constructed as a "U"-shaped trough, the ends of the arms of which are bent off by 900 parallel to the bottom of the trough, in the same direction, one arm being so much longer that it can receive the second shorter arm; in this case, it is also advantageous to proceed in such a way that the coffers which serve as the connection of the ceiling to the outer wall are formed without arms on the joining edges, the ends of the troughs of these coffers being pressed against the angle profile by means of holding clamps and bolts.In many cases, it is advantageous to proceed in such a way that the ceiling, the outer wall of which is formed by coffers, is adjoined inwards, including the filling of the coffers with insulating material, by several layers of insulating material, which are optionally covered by a profiled metal sheet.

According to a further proposal of the inverition, the cold store can be built up in such a way that vertical stanchion profiles with anchor rails mounted thereon are provided for fixing the coffers of the outer wall in position and non flammable profiles which have "Z"-shape and form a support screen rigidly joined to the outer wall are arranged to hold the further layers of insulating material, whilst the coffers of the ceiling are held on bottom booms of the trusses of the roof structure by means of anchor rails fixed thereto.

According to a further proposal of the invention, the construction is effected in such a way that the coffers have butt joints at the horizontal joints and the inward-pointing arms are mutually connected by means of bolts or rivets in compression.

In a particularly advantageous type of construction, the coffers of the outer wall and of the ceiling are held, respectively, at the stanchion profiles and the bottom booms of the trusses, on the anchor rails fixed thereto, for example welded thereto, by means of cap profiles and bolts, a galvanised version preferably being used for the components of this amount.

In particular in the ceiling, steel pins, which are driven in between the arms of the coffers, with holding clips fitted thereto can be used, according to a further proposal of the invention, for holding the sheets of insulating material; likewise, hanger rods of adjustable height, which hold a support structure, for example profiled metal sheets, for covering can be screwed to the arms of the coffers of the ceiling. In a similar manner, the anchor rails which are welded to the bottom booms of the trusses can be used as carriers for hanger rods which hold air channels, ceiling evaporators and the like.

According to a further proposal of the invention, the seal used is achieved in such a way that sealing profiles of elastic plastics or asbestos are inserted in the horizontal and vertical joints of the coffers and of all the other components; the sealing profiles can here have cavities, increases in thickness and lips.

In a further proposal of the invention, a piece of a material which swells or foams under the action of heat at a temperature above 1 500C is inserted into the seal gap together with or in front of the sealing profile, if appropriate into a cavity of the sealing profile.

To avoid cold bridgings, it is advantageous according to a further proposal of the invention to insert asbestos washers into all screwed joints.

The design, according to the invention, of such a large shed has the advantage that a weatherresistant outer facade of the building is obtained with the aid of the coffers so that facade cladding is not necessary. In addition, the smooth sheet metal slabs have the further advantage that no cavities occur between the sheet metal and the insulating layer, such as was the case with the various profiled metal sheets, in particular sheets with trapezoidal corrugations, hitherto used.

Moreover, in contrast to the known modes of construction, there are no sheet metal overlaps on the sheet metal shell on the outside, which overlaps always entailed a great risk that the necessary absolute vapour tightness was not achieved since a diffusion from the outside to the interior must be absolutely prevented in a cold store. However, precisely in the case of overlaps, there is the risk that leakages occur due to deformations of the metal sheets, caused by temperature, and this leads in a known manner to thorough moistening of the insulating layer as the result of air or moisture entering.

In the coffers used for the outer wall and the ceiling, sealing is effected in the region of the inward-projecting arms of the U-shaped coffers so that, in a manner of speaking, a butt joint is thus obtained and, as a result of the positive mutual connection of the metal sheets which are bolted to one another, the seal is always under compression and thus held in constant shape.

Since the fixing of the metal sheets to the stanchions or the lower booms of the trusses is likewise effected positively by means of the special holding structure according to the invention and continuous sealing bands are also provided in all the joints, reliable sealing is ensured. The sealing bands have shapes appropriate to their function, both in the horizontal and in the vertical joint, and since they are inserted in the course of assembly, no special effort is required for this, in addition to the fact that the number of joints is very small because of the large-size coffers.A particular advantage in comparison with all other known types of construction results from the fact that the pretensioned elastic ensures that there are no stresses resulting from changes in the length or shape of the sheet metal coffers, caused by ternperature, and conversely there are also no stresses of this type, which are transmitted from the load-bearing large shed structure into the sheet metal coffers. Finally, it is also a particular advantage of this system of sealing and fixing that building tolerances which exceed the norm can be absorbed.

The construction, according to the invention, of the coffers in the form of a U-shaped trough ensures-the static rigidity of the coffers by this design so that they can be used as the outer facade and, in addition, the arms of the "U" serve as the support for the first layer of insulating material in the coffers and, finally, the coffer serves for fixing the further internal holding structure which is arranged in the form of a screen. This holding structure of galvanised Zshaped steel profiles consists of non-flammable material and thus advantageously replaces the spacers hitherto used, which consisted of flammable plastic components, in order to avoid cold bridgings.However, they have the further advantage that they prevent sagging of the insulation sheets stacked one above the other since each individual one of these insulation sheets is held by a Z-profile in a horizontal position and, in addition, the inner facing can also be fixed thereto. Moreover, this construction prevents an undesired convection flow within the insulating layers.

Finally it should also be stated that these metal components do not represent a cold bridging since they are in an offset arrangement at large mutual distances and, in addition, asbestos washers or other spacers which do not conduct heat are packed under the connection points or cross-over points.

Further features of the invention can be seen from the description which follows of an illustrative embodiment in conjunction with the drawings and the claims.

In diagrammatic sketches Figure 1 shows a perspective partial representation, partially cut open, of a wall of a cold large shed according to the invention, Figure 2 shows a horizontal section and Figure 3 shows a vertical section through a wall, Figure 4 shows a vertical section through the wall and ceiling where the two join and Figure 5 shows a section through the ceiling.

The foundations and the floor are constructed in a known manner using various insulating layers, as can be seen from Figure 1. Stanchion profiles 7 in a vertical position are anchored to the foundations.

An anchor rail 26 is welded in each case to the inside of the stanchion profiles 7 and, with the interposition of the continuous sealing band 8, the sheet metal coffers 1 are pressed against the stanchion profiles 7. This positive fixing is effected by means of the holding structure according to the invention with the aid of cap profiles 5 of galvanised steel and screwed joints 6 which are in a fixed position on the anchor rails. The sheet metal coffers 1 are manufactured from galvanised or plastic-coated steel sheet and have the form of a U-shaped trough, two arms being bent vertically upwards towards the bottom 3 of the trough, the ends of the arms again being bent off by 900 parallel to the bottom 3 of the trough in the same direction.In an advantageous procedure, one arm S 1 is here so much longer that it can receive the second, shorter arm S 2 in itself when the coffers are stacked one above the other to form a wall or are inserted into one another to form a ceiling.

Each of the ends of the coffers 1 are held by the cap profiles and pressed against the stanchions 7, seals 8 being inserted between the coffers 1 and the stanchions 7. By means of the screwed joint 6, the cap profiles are pressed against the ends of the coffers and hence also against the seals 8 which should be under a defined minimum pressure which can be applied in an advantageous manner with the aid of a torque wrench. The design of the coffer, according to the invention, ensures that the static forces, such as, for example, wind pressure and suction, can be well absorbed by the wall formed from the coffers.

A wall of this type is built up (see Figure 1) with the aid of coffers 1 which are to be placed one above the other, one arm S 2 of the upper coffer fitting in each case into the arm S 1 of the coffer placed underneath. In this case also, sealing bands 2 are put in position before inserting the upper coffer in each case, and the coffers are joined to the stanchion profiles, as described above.

Moreover, the arms of the coffers 1 which are placed one above the other and engage with one another are mutually connected by screwed joints or riveting; bolts 4 are sketched in Figure 3. In this case also, the corresponding contact pressure between the arms lying one above the other must be ensured to make the seals 2 effective.

The resulting inward-pointing cavities of the coffers which form the outer wall are then completely filled with insulating material 9 in the thickness of the coffer bridges. Subsequently, Zprofiles 12 are mounted at predetermined spacings and are screwed or riveted to the arms S 1, S 2 of the coffers 1, asbestos washers 14 being inserted between the profile and the arms of the coffers, as Figure 2 shows, in order to avoid cold bridgings, and bolts 28 or rivets which join the arms of the Z-profiles to the arms of the coffers then passing through. Advantageously, Z-profiles 12 in a vertical position are used for assembling the second layer of insulating material, Z-profiles 12' in a horizontal position also being provided optionally for supporting the insulating materials.

The same Z-profiles are provided for holding the third layer 11 of insulating material, these Zprofiles 12" in a horizontal position being fixed to the vertical Z-profiles 12 in the same manner. The inner seal is formed by a facing which is built up from profiled metal sheets 13 and which is fixed to the Z-profiles 12" with the aid of bolts or rivets 29.

At the points where two mutually perpendicular outer walls meet, the corners thus formed are surrounded by an angle profile, by means of which the ends of the coffers of the two walls are positively joined, appropriate seals being inserted, in the same manner as the joint between the coffers forming the ceiling and the coffers of the outer wall, which joint is to be described below.

The ceiling of a large shed of this type is constructed in the same manner as the walls in a vertical position, that is to say the outer skin of the ceiling is formed by coffers 1. Anchor rails 26 are fixed to the bottom booms 25 ofthe trusses, for example by welding them on, and these in turn hold screwed joints 32, with the aid of which cap profiles 27 can be pressed against the ends of the coffers 1. To fix the coffers in position as an outer skin of the ceiling, it is advantageous to use two separate cap profiles 27 for each of the coffers to be fixed in position on the bottom boom so that assembly is facilitated. In this case also, seals 8 are again inserted between the bottom boom and the coffer.The mutual connection of the coffers forming the ceiling is effected in the same manner as in the case of the wall, that is to say the arms of the coffers are pushed into one another, the appropriate seals being placed in between in each case and the coffers then being pressed against one another by screwed joints or riveting. Figure 4 shows that two adjacent coffers are pressed together by means of bolts 14 after a sealing band 2 has been inserted. The troughs 3 of the coffers 1 are filled with insulating material 9 and, for holding the second layer of insulating material 10 and the third layer of insulating ma' al 1 steel pins 16 with holding clips 17 fitted tnereto are used and these are driven in between the arms of the coffers.Finally, towards the interior, the ceiling is covered by profiled metal sheets 1 8 which are fixed to a support structure 1 9 of which the hanger rods 20 of adjustable height are screwed to the arms of the coffers i of the ceiling D.

Further hanger rods 30 can be fixed in position directly on the screwed joint 26 and taken to the outside in order to fix further devices, for example air channels 31, ceiling evaporators or the like, in this manner.

Of course, it is possible to use not only profiled metal sheets 13 and 18, as shown, for the inner facings of walls and ceilings, but also flat metal sheets or wall elements of other materials.

Of course, walls constructed according to the invention with the coffers can also be used as a partition wall in the interior of a large shed, and this tnen simultaneously also results in worthwhile fire protection.

A large shed constructed according to the invention is reliably sealed from the outside so that any access of air is prevented. It must also be stated that, as a result of the use of nonflammable materials throughout and of the particular construction of the individual elements from which the walls and ceilings of the large shed are constructed, a very high fire safety classification is reached, such as is specified in DIN 4,102.

Claims

1. Cold store or deep-freeze store in the form of a large shed, the walls and ceilings of the store consisting of steel sheets and non-flammable insulating materials in several layers, characterised in that the outer wall (A) is built up from coffers (1) which consist of galvanised or plastic-coated steel sheets and are filled with insulating material 19), being adjoined inwards by further layers (10, 11) of insulating material and the innermost layer 1) being optionally covered by profiled metal sheets (13), and the coffers (1) are constructed as "U"-shaped troughs, the ends of the arms of which are bent off by 900 parallel to the bottom (3) of the trough, in the same direction, one arm (S 1 ) being so much longer that it can receive the second shorter arm (S 2).

2. Cold store according to Claim 1, characterised in that the coffers (1), as a statically self-supporting outer shell, form the outer wall (A) and the ceiling (D), the corner (21) between the wall (A) and the ceiling (D) being closed by an angle profile (22) which is fastened to the stanchion profiles (7) and serves for fixing the ends of specially shaped coffers (23, 24) for the ceiling and wall in position.

3. Cold store according to Claim 1 and 2, characterised in that the coffers (23, 24) which serve as the connection of the ceiling (D) to the outer wall (A) are formed without arms (S 2 or S 1) on the joining edges, the ends of the troughs (3) of these coffers (23, 24) being pressed against the angle profile (22) by means of holding clamps (27) and bolts (15).

4. Cold store according to Claim 1 to 3, characterised in that the ceiling (D), the outer wall of which is formed by coffers (1), is adjoined inwards, including the filling of the coffers with insulating material (9), by several layers (10, 11) of insulating material, which are optionally covered by a profiled metal sheet (1 8).

5. Cold store according to Claim 1 to 4, characterised in that vertical stanchion profiles (7) with anchor rails (26) mounted thereon are provided for fixing the coffers (1 ) of the outer wall (A) in position and non-flammable profiles (12) which have a "Z"-shape and form a support screen rigidly joined to the outer wall (A) are arranged to hold the further layers (10, 11) of insulating material, whilst the coffers (1 ) of the ceiling (D) are held on bottom booms (25) of the trusses of the roof structure by means of anchor rails (26) fixed thereto.

6. Cold store according to Claim 1 to 5, characterised in that the coffers have butt joints at the horizontal joints and the inward-pointing arms (S 1, S 2) are mutually connected by means of bolts or rivets (4) in compression.

7. Cold store according to Claim 1 to 6, characterised in that the coffers (1) of the outer wall (A) and of the ceiling (D) are held, respectively, at the stanchion profiles (7) and the bottom booms (25) of the trusses, on the anchor rails (26) fixed thereto, for example welded thereto, by means of cap profiles (5) and bolts (6), a galvanised version preferably being used for the components of this mount.

8. Cold store according to Claim 1 to 7, characterised in that, in particular in the ceiling (D), steel pins (1 6), which are driven in between the arms of the coffers, with holding clips (17) fitted thereto are used for holding the sheets of insulating material.

9. Cold store according to Claim 1 to 8, characterised in that hanger rods (20) of adjustable height, which hold a support structure (19), for example profiled metal sheets (18), for covering are screwed to the arms of the coffers of the ceiling (D).

10. Cold store according to Claim 1 to 9, characterised in that the anchor rails (26) which are welded to the bottom boom (25) of the trusses serve as carriers for hanger rods (30) which hold air channels (31), ceiling evaporators and the like.

11. Cold store according to Claim 1 to 10, characterised in that sealing profiles (2, 8) of elastic plastics or asbestos are inserted in the horizontal and vertical joints of the coffers and of all the other components.

12. Cold store according to Claim 11, characterised in that the sealing profiles (2, 8) have cavities, increases in thickness and lips.

1 3. Cold store according to Claim 12, characterised in that a piece of material which swells or foams under the action of heat at a temperature above 1 5O0C is inserted in the seal gap together with or in front of the sealing profile (2, 8), if appropriate into a cavity of the sealing profile.

14. Cold store according to Claim 1 to 13, characterised in that, to avoid cold bridgings, asbestos washers (14) are inserted into all screwed joints.