GB2080505A - Composite Refractory Slabs for Lining Tundishes - Google Patents
Composite Refractory Slabs for Lining Tundishes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2080505A GB2080505A GB8121500A GB8121500A GB2080505A GB 2080505 A GB2080505 A GB 2080505A GB 8121500 A GB8121500 A GB 8121500A GB 8121500 A GB8121500 A GB 8121500A GB 2080505 A GB2080505 A GB 2080505A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- backing layer
- layer
- refractory
- heat
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title description 2
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 abstract description 5
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000008394 flocculating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- GZCGUPFRVQAUEE-SLPGGIOYSA-N aldehydo-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O GZCGUPFRVQAUEE-SLPGGIOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 208000034699 Vitreous floaters Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-1-ylmethanolate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C[O-])=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003830 anthracite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010427 ball clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008119 colloidal silica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- SLGWESQGEUXWJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;phenol Chemical compound O=C.OC1=CC=CC=C1 SLGWESQGEUXWJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010450 olivine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052609 olivine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002694 phosphate binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 steel Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
- B22D41/02—Linings
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
Abstract
A tundish for continuous casting of steel, having an outer metal casing and, adjacent the casing, a permanent refractory lining is provided with an inner, expendable lining comprising refractory, heat-insulating slabs having an inward-facing, erosion resistant layer and a more heat- insulating backing layer, in use the erosion resistant layer protecting the backing layer from attack by molten steel and the heat-insulating of the backing layer limiting the temperature at the outer face of the slabs to a maximum of 700 DEG C at the end of one hour of continuous casting. The backing layer had a density of 0.8 g/cm<3> and is molded from an aqueous slurry comprising 83% silica flour, 6.3% calcium silicate fibre, 3.1% phenol formaldehyde resin and 1.3% urea formaldehyde resin, and the facing layer had a density of 1.6 gm/cm<3> and is molded integrally with the backing layer from an aqueous slurry comprising 89.3% magnesium oxide 5.4% calcium silicate fibre, 2% phenol formaldehyde resin 2.5% boric acid and 0.8% of a flocculating agent.
Description
SPECIFICATION
Tundishes
This invention relates to lined tundishes, slabs for use in lining tundishes and a method of making the slabs.
In the continuous casting of metals, e.g. steel, molten metal is cast into a continuous casting mould via an intermediate vessel which acts as a constant head reservoir and is called a tundish.
The tundish has an open mouth and a metal floor and sidewalls and one or more outlet nozzles set in the floor. To protect the metal floor and walls of the tundish from the effects of molten metal it is usual to line the interior of the tundish with a relatively permanent lining, often made of bricks.
The tundish may additionally be provided with an inner, expendable lining of refractory, heatinsulating slabs. This is described in British patent specification 1364665 and is highly advantageous.
Expendable inner lining slabs for tundishes have to meet various distinct requirements and certain of these conflict to a greater or lesser extent. In particular, whilst it is desirable for the slabs to be highly heat-insulating, it is also desirable for them to have substantial resistance to erosion by molten metal and slag. However, any change in the nature of the slab that improves the heat-insulating properties of the slab is usually associated with a reduction in the density of the slab and any reduction in the density of slab tends also to result in the slab having reduced erosion resistance.
Specification 1364665 mentioned above indicates that the molten metal contacting surface of the expendable lining may be coated with a protective refractory dressing. However, this presents manufacturing difficulties and such a dressing is incapable of providing good erosion resistance throughout the lengthy casting runs increasingly used in modern practice in the continuous casting of steel.
German laid-open patent specification 2745271 describes a way of obtaining a useful compromise as regards heat-insulating and erosion resistance properties and this involves incorporating a proportion of particulate carbonaceous matter in the slabs. Whilst improved slabs can be made in this way, there is the limitation that increasing the proportion of the carbonaceous matter above a certain level to improve the erosion resistance can adversely affect the heat-insulation properties to an unacceptable extent.
According to the present invention a tundish, for use in the continuous casting of steel and having an outer metal casing, and adjacent the casing, a permanent lining of refractory material, is provided with an inner, expendable lining comprising refractory, heat-insulating slabs having an inward-facing, erosion resistant layer and a more heat-insulating backing layer, in use the erosion resistant layer protecting the backing layer from attack by the molten steel in the tundish and the heat-insulation provided by the backing layer limiting the temperature at the outer face of the slabs to a maximum of 7000C at the end of one hour of continuous casting.
By use of a tundish according to the invention it is possible to limit loss of heat from the steel to a sufficiently low level and yet have an inner, expendable lining able to last satisfactorily for the duration of a lengthy casting run and without a tendency to contaminate the steel.
In accordance with the invention it has also been found that slabs meeting.all of a number of particular requirements are especially satisfactory for the inner, expendable lining of a tundish of the invention.
A slab according to the invention for use in the inner, expendable lining of a tundish of the invention has an erosion resistant facing layer (to face molten steel in the tundish) having a density of 1.2 to 1.8 g/cm3 and comprising 60 to 95% by weight in total of one or more particulate refractory materials chosen from chromite, alumina, zirconia, high alumina aluminosilicates and magnesium oxide, 0.5 to 15% by weight of refractory fibre, 0 to 3% by weight of organic fibre, 0 to 20% by weight of particulate carbonaceous matter and a binder, the total amount of any organic matter not exceeding 4.5% by weight and the total amount of any inorganic binder not exceeding 20% by weight, and, secured to the facing layer, a backing layer having a density of 0.3 to 1.0 g/cm3 and comprising 60 to 95% by weight of particulate refractory material, 0 to 30% by weight of refractory fibre, 0 to 10% by weight of organic fibre and a binder, the amount of any organic binder not exceeding 10% by weight and the amount of any inorganic binder not exceeding 10% by weight.
The relatively high density of the facing layer and the specified composition, especially the substantial percentage of the specified particulate refractory material(s), enable very good erosion resistance properties to be obtained but a complete slab having the density and composition specified for the facing layer of the present invention would generally be regarded as providing insufficient heat-insulation properties for an inner, expendable lining slab for a tundish.
However, by virtue of the presence of the backing layer in the slabs of the invention, good heatinsulating properties can be imparted to the slabs and without having any adverse effect on their erosion resistance.
The good heat-insulating properties imparted to the slabs by the backing layer are associated with the relatively low density of the backing layer. A complete slab having a low density such as 0.6 g/cm3 would have inadequate erosion resistance even if it contained one or more of the refractory materials specified for the facing layer of the slabs of the invention.
The facing layer protects the backing layer from direct, and potentially erosive, contact with molten steel in the tundish and, as the facing layer does itself have some heat-insulating properties, it means that even the part of the backing layer nearest to the molten steel is subjected to a temperature substantially less than that of the molten steel. The fact that the backing layer is protected in these ways is advantageous in that it means that the requirements regarding refrectoriness are less stringent than for a layer in contact with molten steel and there is not a requirement for erosion resistance. As a consequence of this, certain relatively cheap materials can be used in the backing layer that would be unacceptable in the facing layer.
Examples of suitable particulate refractory materials for the backing layer include silica, e.g.
silica flour, and refractory silicates, which may be simple silicates e.g. olivine or complex silicates such as aluminosilicates. Suitable aluminosilicates may be minerals or reclaimed materials e.g. fire clay grog. Lightweight particulate refractory materials may be used e.g.
expanded fire clay grog, diatomaceous earth, fly ash floaters, expanded perlite and calcined rice husks. Preferably any refractory fibre in the backing layer is calcium silicate fibre. The backing layer preferably contains organic fibre, e.g. paper.
Preferably any organic binder in the backing is starch and/or one or more resins such as phenolformaldehyde and urea-formaldehyde resins. Any inorganic binder in the backing layer is preferably colloidal silica sol, colloidal alumina sol, a phosphate binder, a hydraulic or refractory cement or a binding clay such as ball clay or bentonite.
Any particulate carbonaceous matter in the facing layer is preferably coke, graphite, carbon electrode scrap, pitch, tar, carbon black, charcoal powder or anthracite dust.
The binder in the facing layer may be organic and/or inorganic and suitable binders include those mentioned above in connection with the backing layer. It is generally preferred that the amount of binder in the facing layer should be less than that in the backing layer. A sintering aid, e.g.
boric acid, may be included in the facing layer to increase further the ability of that layer to withstand erosion and high temperatures.
The slabs of the invention are preferably made by providing a layer comprising the ingredients for the backing layer in a permeable mould, supplying an aqueous slurry of the ingredients for the facing layer over the layer in the mould, dewatering the slurry through the layer in the mould and heating the composite slab thus formed to dry it and to harden the binder. The layer in the mould comprising the ingredients for the backing layer may be formed in the mould by dewatering in the mould an aqueous slurry of the ingredients for the backing layer or the backing layer may be a preformed coherent layer, e.g. a slab, put into the mould.A flocculating agent may be included in the slurry or slurries to enhance the stability of the slurry and a pH adjusting additive, e.g. boric acid, may be included in the slurry if the other ingredients of the slurry are such as to render adjustment of the pH of the slurry desirable.
The invention is illustrated by the following
Example.
Example
The following ingredients in the percentages (by weight) specified were formed into a first aqueous slurry: Ingredient silica flour 83 calcium silicate fibre 6.3 paper fibres 6.3 phenol-formaldehyde resin 3.1 urea-formaldehyde resin 1.3
The slurry was dewatered in a permeable mould.
The following ingredients in the percentages (by weight) specified were formed into a second aqeuous slurry: Ingredient magnesium oxide 89.3 calcium silicate fibre 5.4 phenol-formaldehyde resin 2 boric acid 2.5 flocculating agent 0.8
The second slurry was introduced into the mould over, and also at the sides of, the layer obtained by dewatering the first slurry and the second slurry was dewatered through the previously deposited layer. The matter in the mould was then removed as a damp two layer slab, having matter from the second slurry on top of and at the sides of the layer from the first slurry, and this slab was then heated to dry it and to harden the binder.The two layers adhered well and the first layer deposited i.e. the backing layer had a density of 0.8 g/cm3 and a thickness of 1 5 mm and the other layer i.e. the facing layer had a density of 1.6 g/cm3 and a thickness of 1 5 mm.
A tundish having a permanent lining of refractory material adjacent its metal casing was provided with an inner, expendable lining comprising slabs as described above, with the facing layer facing into the tundish, and the expendable lining performed well in the continuous casting of steel, providing good heatXi insulation and having sufficient erosion resistance to survive satisfactorily a continuous casting run lasting 3.5 hours.
A heat-insulation test was performed on one of the slabs and showed that if the temperature at the front of the facing layer was maintained at 1 5200C the temperature at the back of the backing layer would not rise above 6000C at the end of one hour.
Claims (5)
1. A tundish, for use in the continuous casting of steel, having an outer metal casing, a permanent lining of refractory material adjacent the casing and an inner, expendable lining comprising refractory heat-insulating slabs having an inward-facing, erosion resistant layer and a more heat-insulating backing layer, in use the erosion resistant layer protecting the backing layer from attack by the molten steel in the tundish and the heat-insulation provided by the backing layer limiting the temperature at the outer face of the slabs to a maximum of 7000C at the end of one hour of continuous casting.
2. A refractory, heat-insulating slab, for use in the inner, expendable lining of a tundish according to claim 1, having an erosion resistant facing layer with a density of 1.2 to 1.8 g/cm3 and comprising 60 to 95% by weight in total of one or more particulate refractory materials chosen from chromite, alumina, zirconia, high alumina alumino-silicates and magnesium oxide, 0.5 to 15% by weight of refractory fibre, 0 to 3% by weight of organic fibre, 0 to 20% by weight of particulate carbonaceous matter and a binder, the total amount of any organic matter not exceeding 4.5% by weight and the total amount of any
inorganic binder not exceeding 20% by weight, and, secured to the facing layer, a backing layer having a density of 0.3 to 1.0 g/cm3 and comprising 60 to 95% by weight of particulate refractory material. 0 to 30% by weight of refractory fibre, 0 to 10% by weight of organic fibre and a binder, the amount of any organic binder not exceeding 10% by weight and the amount of any inorganic binder not exceeding 10% by weight.
3. A slab according to claim 2 in which the
particulate refractory material of the backing layer
comprises silica or a refractory silicate.
4. A slab according to claim 2 or claim 3 in which the backing layer contains organic fibre.
5. A slab according to any of claims 2 to 4 in which the backing layer contains more binder than the facing layer.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8121500A GB2080505A (en) | 1980-07-12 | 1981-07-13 | Composite Refractory Slabs for Lining Tundishes |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8022870 | 1980-07-12 | ||
| GB8121500A GB2080505A (en) | 1980-07-12 | 1981-07-13 | Composite Refractory Slabs for Lining Tundishes |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2080505A true GB2080505A (en) | 1982-02-03 |
Family
ID=26276200
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8121500A Withdrawn GB2080505A (en) | 1980-07-12 | 1981-07-13 | Composite Refractory Slabs for Lining Tundishes |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2080505A (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2134234A (en) * | 1983-01-21 | 1984-08-08 | Labate Michael D | Blast furnace trough and liner combination |
| GB2156057A (en) * | 1984-03-16 | 1985-10-02 | Foseco Trading Ag | Tundish linings |
| US4618079A (en) * | 1982-12-01 | 1986-10-21 | Foseco Trading A.G. | Refractory, heat-insulating slabs |
| US4750717A (en) * | 1984-03-16 | 1988-06-14 | Foseco Trading A.G. | Tundishes |
| US4900603A (en) * | 1983-01-20 | 1990-02-13 | Foseco Trading A.G. | Refractory, heat insulating articles |
| EP0472346A1 (en) * | 1990-08-18 | 1992-02-26 | Foseco International Limited | Lining of molten metal handling vessels |
| EP0634241A1 (en) * | 1993-06-25 | 1995-01-18 | Foseco International Limited | Lining of molten metal handling vessels |
-
1981
- 1981-07-13 GB GB8121500A patent/GB2080505A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4618079A (en) * | 1982-12-01 | 1986-10-21 | Foseco Trading A.G. | Refractory, heat-insulating slabs |
| AT390748B (en) * | 1982-12-01 | 1990-06-25 | Foseco Trading Ag | FIRE-RESISTANT, HEAT-INSULATING PANEL |
| US4900603A (en) * | 1983-01-20 | 1990-02-13 | Foseco Trading A.G. | Refractory, heat insulating articles |
| GB2134234A (en) * | 1983-01-21 | 1984-08-08 | Labate Michael D | Blast furnace trough and liner combination |
| GB2156057A (en) * | 1984-03-16 | 1985-10-02 | Foseco Trading Ag | Tundish linings |
| US4750717A (en) * | 1984-03-16 | 1988-06-14 | Foseco Trading A.G. | Tundishes |
| EP0472346A1 (en) * | 1990-08-18 | 1992-02-26 | Foseco International Limited | Lining of molten metal handling vessels |
| US5139239A (en) * | 1990-08-18 | 1992-08-18 | Foseco International Limited | Lining of molten metal handling vessels |
| EP0634241A1 (en) * | 1993-06-25 | 1995-01-18 | Foseco International Limited | Lining of molten metal handling vessels |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |