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GB2078841A - Formwork board - Google Patents

Formwork board Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2078841A
GB2078841A GB8119566A GB8119566A GB2078841A GB 2078841 A GB2078841 A GB 2078841A GB 8119566 A GB8119566 A GB 8119566A GB 8119566 A GB8119566 A GB 8119566A GB 2078841 A GB2078841 A GB 2078841A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
formwork
formwork board
board according
skin
parts
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB8119566A
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GB2078841B (en
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Individual
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Publication of GB2078841A publication Critical patent/GB2078841A/en
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Publication of GB2078841B publication Critical patent/GB2078841B/en
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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G11/00Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
    • E04G11/06Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for walls, e.g. curved end panels for wall shutterings; filler elements for wall shutterings; shutterings for vertical ducts
    • E04G11/08Forms, which are completely dismantled after setting of the concrete and re-built for next pouring
    • E04G11/10Forms, which are completely dismantled after setting of the concrete and re-built for next pouring of elements without beams which are mounted during erection of the shuttering to brace or couple the elements
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G11/00Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
    • E04G11/06Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for walls, e.g. curved end panels for wall shutterings; filler elements for wall shutterings; shutterings for vertical ducts
    • E04G11/08Forms, which are completely dismantled after setting of the concrete and re-built for next pouring
    • E04G11/087Fill-in form panels in the plane of two adjacent forms
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G17/00Connecting or other auxiliary members for forms, falsework structures, or shutterings
    • E04G17/04Connecting or fastening means for metallic forming or stiffening elements, e.g. for connecting metallic elements to non-metallic elements
    • E04G17/042Connecting or fastening means for metallic forming or stiffening elements, e.g. for connecting metallic elements to non-metallic elements being tensioned by threaded elements
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G9/00Forming or shuttering elements for general use
    • E04G9/02Forming boards or similar elements

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
  • Polymers With Sulfur, Phosphorus Or Metals In The Main Chain (AREA)

Abstract

A formwork board (3) is made up of at least two formwork board parts (4 and 5) fitting together, whilst the separating line between at least two of the formwork board parts (4 and 5) is defined by abutment webs (12), straps or the like which, in cross section, are located in an inclined position relative to the formwork skin (11) of the formwork board (3) and to the outer edge webs (6) of these formwork board parts (4 and 5). Preferably, the formwork board parts (4 and 5) fit together to form a rectangle. The formwork board part (4) whose abutment web (12) forms an obtuse angle with the formwork skin (11) can be removed first during the stripping of the forms, thus producing a correspondingly wide form-removing gap. The removal of the first part (4) of the formwork board is made easier by the wedge shape resulting from the inclined arrangement of the abutment web (12). Thus, the forms can readily be removed even between two outgoing walls, in shafts or the like. <IMAGE>

Description

SPECIFICATION Formwork board The invention relates to a formwork board comprising a formwork skin and webs extending at right angles to the formwork skin, the webs forming end faces at the edges of the formwork board and having points of attachment for securing the formwork board to adjacent formwork boards, the formwork board consisting of at least two parts which are wedge-shaped at least in certain areas, to facilitate the removal of the forms.
A formwork board of this kind is disclosed in German Patent 1264735. In this patent, two wedge-shaped formwork boards are provided which, in the operating position, together form a rectangle. Longitudinal displacement of a wedgeshaped formwork board of this kind loosens the formwork and especially internal formwork, during the removal of the forms. However, this is only possible if there is enough space for the longitudinal displacement of a wedge-shaped formwork board in the longitudinal direction of the formwork. Furthermore, removal of such forms is difficult in any case, in spite of the wedge-shaped construction, since the longitudinal displacement has to be effected parallel to the plane of concreting, with the result that forces of adhesion between the concrete and the wedge-shaped formwork board may offer considerable resistance to displacement.
The object of the invention is to provide a formwork board which can be removed from the concrete without difficulty and which facilitates the removal of the forms, for example, between two outgoing walls, in shafts or the like, without any need for displacement in the plane of concreting.
According to the invention, there is provided a formwork board comprising a formwork skin and webs extending at right angles to theformworkskin, the webs forming end faces at the edges of the formwork board and having points of attachment for securing the formwork board to adjacent formwork boards, the formwork board consisting of at least two parts, the separating line between at least two of said parts being defined by planar members which are inclined relative to the formwork skin and the webs.
Consequently, owing to the overall wedge-shaped cross section of one of the parts of the formwork board, during removal of the forms it is easy to move the wedge-shaped part away from the concreted surface, thus making room for the removal of the other formwork boards. A formwork board of this kind can therefore facilitate the stripping of the forms even if a limitation, such as a ceiling or the like, for example, is immediately adjacent to the formwork board preventing longitudinal movement.
Advantageously, when the formwork skins of the parts of the formwork board are in alignment, the securing points provided on the planar members coincide and are in the securing position. The planar members, for example in the form of abutment webs, may contain holes for through-bolts or other securing means. Appropriately, the holes in the planar members correspond in shape and size to those in the edge webs of the formwork board.
Manufacture of the formwork board is made easier if the separating line or lines extend parallel to the edges thereof in a plane parallel to the plane of the formskin. Certainly, it would be possible for the separating line to extend diagonally, so that the formwork parts would not only have a wedgeshaped cross section but would also have a wedgeshaped longitudinal construction, but this is not necessary, since the direction of movement for detaching the wedge-shaped part of the formwork board which widens away from the concreted surface may occur away from the concreted surface.
The parts forming the formwork board may be of different widths and a pianar member of at least one part may enclose an obtuse angle with the formwork skin adjoining its edge nearest the concrete. This enables a broad part to widen out in cross section away from the formwork skin, so that this broad part is removed first from the formwork assembly. The form-removing gap thus formed is correspondingly large. It is particularly advantageous if a planar member of the larger part of the formwork board encloses an angle of 135 with the formwork skin, whilst the planar member of another part of the formwork board encloses an angle of 45" with its formwork skin.This produces, on the one hand, a favourable taper for the formwork part which is to be removed first and also makes production easier, since as a rule an angle of 45" is particularly easy to measure out and construct. Moreover, these webs are also made relatively accessible for the securing members.
The planar member of a narrower part or parts of the formwork board may extend from the formwork skin to the outer edge web. As a result, such a formwork part has a virtually triangular cross section, so that a wider formwork part can make optimum use of the total width of the formwork board, so as to permit the largest possible formremoving gap.
The overall width of the parts in the operating position may correspond to a standard grid measurement used in the building industry, preferably about 25 cm. This will then enable the formwork boards to fit the standard dimensions used in building.
The invention is hereinafter explained in more detail, with its essential features, with reference to the drawings, wherein: Figure 1 is a schematic plan view of a formwork in the region of two outgoing walls; Figure 2 is a cross section, on an enlarged scale, through an embodiment of a formwork board according to the invention; Figure 3 is a schematic view of a ceiling formwork, wherein the formwork board of Figure 2 is provided for forming a form-removing joint; and Figure 4 is a view corresponding to Figure 2, but of a modified embodiment.
During removal of formwork 1 between two outgoing walls 2, in shafts or the like, problems may arise in removing the forms, on account of the pressures occurring during concreting.
In the first exemplary embodiment, shown in Figure 2, a formwork board 3 is provided inside the formwork 1, said formwork board 3 consisting of two parts 4 and 5 which are partially wedge-shaped in construction (as will be described hereinafter) and which fit together to form a formwork rectangle. The formwork board 3 is provided, on its edges, with webs 6 forming end faces and extending at right angles to the surface which is to be concreted, these webs having points of attachment for securing to the adjacent formwork boards 7. This is clearly shown in Figure 2, in which these points of attachment are in the form of holes 8 for through-bolts 9.
According to the invention, the separating line 10 between the two parts 4 and 5 of the formwork board is defined by abutment webs 12 which, in cross section, are located in an inclined position relative to the formwork skin 11 and to the outer edge webs 6, whilst, in the illustrated embodiment, abutment webs 12 formed from flat iron are provided. In the illustrated embodiment, at least the abutment web 12 of the wider part 4 of the formwork board is continuous over its entire length. Advantageously, this is also true of the abutment web 12 of the narrower part 5 of the formwork board. However, for connecting the two parts 4 and 5, it may also be sufficient to provide only web portions, i.e. individual straps or the like, in certain areas, so as to make room for a point of attachment 13.When the formwork skin 11 of the two parts 4 and 5 is in alignment, the points of attachment 13 on the abutment webs 12 adjoining the separating line 10 coincide with one another and are in the securing position, the points of attachment 13 in the embodiment by way of example consisting of holes for through-bolts 9. The holes in the abutment webs 12 correspond in shape and size to those provided in the edge webs 6,so that the through-bolts 9 can be the same for both methods of securing. This makes storage easier.
Since the removal of the forms starts by releasing the appropriate connections and then removing the part 4 in the direction of the arrow Pf 1 (Figures 2 and 3), to allow the removal of the forms the separating line 10 of the formwork board 3 may extend parallel to the edges and edge webs 6 thereof in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the Figures.
The abutment webs 12, like the edge webs 6, may be provided with keyhole-shaped holes 8 and 13, respectively, for the securing bolts 9, whilst these bolts 9 may be provided, on the one hand, with cross-pins 14 and, on the other hand, with a counter-stop 15 for holding together the abutment webs or edge webs coming into contact, these bolts being capable of being rotated into the securing position shown, after being inserted. Thus, here again, the securing bolts 9 already available for use with numerous formworks of this kind may also be used for assembling the formwork board 3 and also for securing the two parts 4 and 5 to each other.
The two parts 4 and 5 constituting the formwork board 3 are of different widths in the embodiment by way of example and the abutment web 12 of the wider part 4 encloses an obtuse angle with the formwork skin 11 adjoining its edge 16 nearestthe concrete. In the embodiment shown, this angle is 135 . The abutment web 12 of the narrower part 5 of the formwork board thus encloses an angle of 45 with its formwork skin part, so that the two webs 12 abut on each other in the operating position and form the required abutment whilst simultaneously reinforcing the two-part formwork board.
Figures 2 and 3 also clearly show that the abutment web 12 of the narrower part 5 of the formwork board extends from the formwork skin 11 substantially to the outer edge 17 of the associated edge web 6, with the result that the narrower part 5 of the formwork board is virtually triangular in cross section. As a result, this part is made relatively rigid, so that its additionai reinforcement will at least partially compensate for any weakening of the formwork board 3 caused by the separating line 10, and in addition the wider part 4 of the formwork board is thus made as wide as possible, resulting in a correspondingly large form-removing gap after it has been removed.
In the exemplary embodiment, the formwork skin 11 of the two parts 4 and 5 consists of sheet metal.
As a result, the abutment webs 12 can be securely attached thereto, e.g. by welding.
Figures 1 and 2 show that the formwork tie rods 18 may each extend in the region of the edge webs 6 of the formwork board 3, so that the wing nuts 19 partly engage over the formwork board 3. On removal of the forms, first these wing nuts 19 are released, followed by all the connecting bolts 9 along the inclined separating line 10. The through-bolts 9 on the edge webs 6 of the wider part 4 of the formwork board are then removed. This formwork part 4 can then be removed in the direction of the arrow Pf 1, i.e. in a slightly inclined direction relative to the concreted surface, this movement being made easier by its tapering shape in this cross sectional direction. After this part has been removed (cf. the illustration shown in broken lines in Figure 2), a sufficiently large form-removing gap is formed which enables the remainder of the formwork 1 to be removed without any difficulty.Longitudinal displacement along the concreted surface is avoided.
The embodiment according to Figure 2 shows a formwork board which, as described, comprises two parts 4 and 5 which are releasably connected at the inclined separating line 10, in the operational position. Figure 4 shows a modified embodiment of independent significance. Like parts, even when slightly modified, have been given the same reference numerals as in Figure 2, in the interests of clarity.
In this embodiment, the formwork board comprises three parts 4, 5 and 5a and has two separating lines 10 which, in cross section, extend diagonally away from the formwork skin 11 and from each other, the three parts 4, 5 and 5a being releasably connected along the separating lines 10. In the illustrated embodiment, the two separating lines 10 are arranged symmetrically relative to a centre line M extending at right angles to the formwork skin.
Thus, the removal of the forms may be effected virtually exactly at right angles to the concreted surface, in the direction of the arrow Pf 2.
This arrangement comprising a central formwork board part 4, which substantially corresponds to an equilateral trapezium in cross section, has major advantages particularly for use in shaft formwork when the clamping points on the edge webs 6 are not arranged symmetrically, viewed in the longitudinal direction of the formwork board.

Claims (17)

1. Aformwork board comprising a formwork skin and webs extending at right angles to the formwork skin, the webs forming end faces at the edges of the formwork board and having points of attachment for securing the formwork board to adjacent formwork boards, the formwork board consisting of at least two parts, the separating line between at least two of said parts being defined by planar members which are inclined relative to the formwork skin and the webs.
2. Formwork board according to claim 1, wherein, when the formwork skin of the at least two parts is in alignment, the points of attachment located on the planar members coincide with one another and are in the securing position.
3. Formwork board according to claim 1 or 2, contain holes for through-bolts.
4. Formwork board according to claim 3, wherein the holes in the planar members correspond in shape and size to those provided in the edge webs.
5. Formwork board according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein said separating line extends parallel to the edges of the formwork board in a plane parallel to the plane of the formskin.
6. Formwork board according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the planar members are provided with keyhole-shaped holes for fixing bolts having, on the one hand, cross-pins and, on the other hand, a counter-stop, the fixing bolts being rotatable into a securing position after insertion.
7. Formwork board according to any of claims 1 to 6, wherein a planar member of one of the parts encloses an obtuse angle with the formwork skin.
8. Formwork board according to any of claims 1 to 7, wherein a planar member of one part of the formwork board encloses an angle of 135 with the formwork skin and the abutment web of the an adjacent part of the formwork board encloses an angle of 45" with its formwork skin.
9. Formwork board according to any of claims 1 to 8, wherein the parts of the formwork board are of different widths.
10. Formwork board according to any of claims 1 to 9, wherein a planar member of at least one narrower part of the formwork board extends from the formwork skin substantially to the outer edge of its edge web.
11. Formwork board according to any of claims 1 to 10, wherein the formwork skin of each part consists of sheet metal.
12. Formwork board according to any of claims 1 to 11, wherein the planar member of at least one part of the formwork board is continuous over the entire length of the separating line.
13. Formwork board according to any of claims 1 to 12, wherein the overall width thereof corresponds in the operating position, to a standard grid dimension used in the building industry and is preferably about 25 cm.
14. Formwork board according to any of claims 1 to 13, wherein it consists of two parts which are releasably connected at the inclined separating line in the operational position.
15. Formwork board according to any of claims 1 to 13, wherein it consists of three parts and has two separating lines, for releasably connecting the three parts, these separating lines, in cross section, extending diagonally away from the formwork skin and from each other.
16. Formwork board according to claim 15, wherein the two separating lines are arranged symmetrically relative to a centre line extending at right angles to the formwork skin.
17. Formwork board substantially as herein described with reference to Figures 1 to 3 or 4 of the accompanying drawings.
GB8119566A 1980-06-28 1981-06-25 Formwork board Expired GB2078841B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3024511A DE3024511C2 (en) 1980-06-28 1980-06-28 Formwork panel made up of two parts that complement each other to form a rectangle

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB2078841A true GB2078841A (en) 1982-01-13
GB2078841B GB2078841B (en) 1984-01-18

Family

ID=6105864

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB8119566A Expired GB2078841B (en) 1980-06-28 1981-06-25 Formwork board

Country Status (21)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS5744064A (en)
AR (1) AR227193A1 (en)
AT (1) AT374874B (en)
AU (1) AU539508B2 (en)
BE (1) BE889394A (en)
BR (1) BR8104072A (en)
CA (1) CA1148378A (en)
CH (1) CH651346A5 (en)
DE (1) DE3024511C2 (en)
DK (1) DK154520C (en)
ES (2) ES268133Y (en)
FI (1) FI67426C (en)
FR (1) FR2485600A1 (en)
GB (1) GB2078841B (en)
IL (1) IL63135A (en)
IT (1) IT1137941B (en)
MX (1) MX152310A (en)
NL (1) NL8103109A (en)
NO (1) NO154761C (en)
PT (1) PT73260B (en)
SE (1) SE8104026L (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2168411A (en) * 1984-12-13 1986-06-18 Lee Yuan Ho Formwork for casting concrete
ES2527895A1 (en) * 2013-07-29 2015-01-30 Inveral, S.A. Formwork for a hanging beam
US20180266126A1 (en) * 2015-09-30 2018-09-20 Form 700 Pty Ltd Formwork panel assembly
CN112302334A (en) * 2020-10-12 2021-02-02 上海建工集团股份有限公司 A kind of core tube concrete wall folding formwork and using method thereof
CN114382283A (en) * 2022-02-28 2022-04-22 江苏华泰路桥建设集团有限公司 Fast-assembling template for construction

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3312603A1 (en) * 1982-04-15 1983-11-10 Heinrich Dipl.-Ing. 4030 Ratingen Schliephacke Multi-part intermediate piece arranged between shuttering elements
US5552103A (en) * 1995-01-18 1996-09-03 Lee; Wen-Yuan Form set-up and method for stripping upright form panels of the form set-up from a concrete unit
ES2130960B1 (en) * 1996-09-18 2000-02-16 Ulma C Y E S Coop FRAME AND LATCH FOR MANUPORTABLE FORMWORK PANEL.
JP5085698B2 (en) * 2010-08-18 2012-11-28 光洋商事株式会社 Boxing formwork and boxing hole construction method
CN114412162A (en) * 2022-01-26 2022-04-29 晟通科技集团有限公司 Formwork and formwork system

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB853278A (en) * 1958-05-27 1960-11-02 Kwikform Ltd Improvements in or relating to sectional shuttering applicable to building construction and other purposes
DE1264735B (en) * 1958-09-20 1968-03-28 Blivers Baugesellschaft M B H Wall formwork, especially steel formwork for the concrete-Schuettbauweise
FR1278076A (en) * 1960-10-25 1961-12-08 Mobile device for junction of two formwork
FR1536380A (en) * 1967-07-05 1968-08-27 Sateco Sa Formwork device allowing walls to be erected perpendicular or parallel to the facades simultaneously with the corresponding floors
FR2031378A1 (en) * 1969-02-19 1970-11-20 Blaw Knox Cie Fse
CH511995A (en) * 1969-08-12 1971-08-31 Helfenstein Gerhard Internal formwork for buildings
AT314182B (en) * 1969-08-15 1974-03-25 Heves Megyei Beruhazasi Vall Shuttering device
US3822853A (en) * 1969-12-30 1974-07-09 Shelley Enterprises Apparatus for producing modular boxlike units
FR2059864A5 (en) * 1970-07-07 1971-06-04 Boussaguet Guy
BE815327A (en) * 1973-05-21 1974-09-16 PROCESS OF SIMULTANEOUS WALL AND FLOOR CASTING WITH UNITEDE FORMWORK TUNNEL FOR THE PERFORMANCE OF THE PROCESS
JPS55176939U (en) * 1979-06-06 1980-12-18

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2168411A (en) * 1984-12-13 1986-06-18 Lee Yuan Ho Formwork for casting concrete
ES2527895A1 (en) * 2013-07-29 2015-01-30 Inveral, S.A. Formwork for a hanging beam
WO2015015026A1 (en) * 2013-07-29 2015-02-05 Inveral, S.A. Formwork for a hanging beam
CN105452582A (en) * 2013-07-29 2016-03-30 伊韦拉尔股份有限公司 Formwork for a hanging beam
CN105452582B (en) * 2013-07-29 2018-01-02 伊韦拉尔股份有限公司 Mould bases for overarm
US20180266126A1 (en) * 2015-09-30 2018-09-20 Form 700 Pty Ltd Formwork panel assembly
US10584501B2 (en) * 2015-09-30 2020-03-10 Form 700 Pty Ltd Formwork panel assembly with releasable connecting member and method of removing the formwork
CN112302334A (en) * 2020-10-12 2021-02-02 上海建工集团股份有限公司 A kind of core tube concrete wall folding formwork and using method thereof
CN112302334B (en) * 2020-10-12 2022-04-19 上海建工集团股份有限公司 Core tube concrete wall folding template and use method thereof
CN114382283A (en) * 2022-02-28 2022-04-22 江苏华泰路桥建设集团有限公司 Fast-assembling template for construction
CN114382283B (en) * 2022-02-28 2023-02-28 江苏华泰路桥建设集团有限公司 Fast-assembling template for construction

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK154520B (en) 1988-11-21
FI67426C (en) 1985-03-11
AR227193A1 (en) 1982-09-30
ES268133Y (en) 1983-12-01
MX152310A (en) 1985-06-26
DK154520C (en) 1989-04-10
ES268363Y (en) 1983-12-01
GB2078841B (en) 1984-01-18
AU7219981A (en) 1982-01-07
NO154761B (en) 1986-09-08
NL8103109A (en) 1982-01-18
DE3024511A1 (en) 1982-01-28
PT73260A (en) 1981-07-01
AU539508B2 (en) 1984-10-04
CA1148378A (en) 1983-06-21
AT374874B (en) 1984-06-12
JPH0133624B2 (en) 1989-07-14
NO154761C (en) 1986-12-17
IL63135A0 (en) 1981-09-13
DE3024511C2 (en) 1983-12-29
ES268133U (en) 1983-06-01
IT8122593A0 (en) 1981-06-26
PT73260B (en) 1982-07-01
FI811860L (en) 1981-12-29
FR2485600A1 (en) 1981-12-31
IT1137941B (en) 1986-09-10
IL63135A (en) 1984-09-30
SE8104026L (en) 1981-12-29
CH651346A5 (en) 1985-09-13
DK278881A (en) 1981-12-29
BE889394A (en) 1981-10-16
ATA284081A (en) 1983-10-15
BR8104072A (en) 1982-03-16
JPS5744064A (en) 1982-03-12
FR2485600B1 (en) 1984-06-08
NO812199L (en) 1981-12-29
ES268363U (en) 1983-05-16
FI67426B (en) 1984-11-30

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PCNP Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 19980625