GB2077794A - Process for the watertight sealing of the joints between building elements, particularly prefabricated reinforced concrete elements - Google Patents
Process for the watertight sealing of the joints between building elements, particularly prefabricated reinforced concrete elements Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2077794A GB2077794A GB8017965A GB8017965A GB2077794A GB 2077794 A GB2077794 A GB 2077794A GB 8017965 A GB8017965 A GB 8017965A GB 8017965 A GB8017965 A GB 8017965A GB 2077794 A GB2077794 A GB 2077794A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- elements
- hose
- building elements
- stress
- building
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 title claims description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000009191 jumping Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001875 Ebonite Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003287 bathing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012858 resilient material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009182 swimming Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/66—Sealings
- E04B1/68—Sealings of joints, e.g. expansion joints
- E04B1/6801—Fillings therefor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
- E21D11/385—Sealing means positioned between adjacent lining members
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
Abstract
The process involves subjecting the building elements 2, 3 to a stress, inserting a hose 10 in a channel 8 between the elements, filling the hose with a material after hardening at a pressure surpassing the atmospherical pressure, amounting to at least 3 and preferably 6-8 atmospheres overpressure and then allowing the material to harden so that the hose is pressed against the surfaces of the building elements. By this process a sealing construction with a solid inner core and an enclosing elastically deformed mantle may be obtained in the joints between the elements adjacent to each other. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Process for the watertight sealing of the joints between building elements, particularly prefabricated reinforced concrete elements
The invention relates to the process for the watertight sealing of joints between building elements, particularly prefabricated reinforced concrete elements, in course of which in the channel formed by the recesses machined in the surface of the building elements lying opposite to each other a sealing structure is formed by using an elastic hose.
The solution according to the invention may be well used for any type of waterproof construction, as bathing and swimming pools, water towers and water constructive works, as well reservoirs or any other structures serving for the storage of liquids, e.g. wine reservoirs etc. By using the process according to the invention constructions may be erected, the task of which is to prevent the inrush of water into the inside of said construction (e.g.
tunnels for public utilities led under the water plane).
In general, such structures have been prepared by monolithic concretes, but taking into consideration the high requirement of live labour in course of said technology, the long constructing period and the difficuties arising in course of work in winter, the building systems based on prefabricated reinforced concrete elements have been more and more preferred. However, up to now watertight sealing of the joints between surfaces of the prefabricated reinforced concrete elements could not be solved in a satisfactory manner. Presently, either synthetic gluing materials or concreting in situ are used for this purpose, or elastic sealing bands, flexible ropes (made of rubber) and elastic hoses are fitted between the elements. Nevertheless, as it could be demonstrated on several practical examples, concreting in situ does not yield the desired waterproof sealing.Although some glued constructions with experimental character have been recently performed, but no practical experiences relating to the agening of the material are staying at disposal. The drawback of the elastic bands, rubber ropes and hoses lies in that a uniform bearing could not be obtained, said means easily displace under the influence of the displacement of the confining elements under the influence of water pressure or due to the displacement of the confining elements, accordingly they are unable to fulfil their sealing function with a high operational safety.
According to the solution described in the
Patent Specification of the DE-PS 2,412,087 the joints between the confining building elements are sealed by means of an elastic hose closed down on all sides. The hosefitted into the recesses formed in the surface of the two neighbouring building elements -- is filled with elastic particles or a binding material containing a lubricant. This latter one serves for the better settlement of the particles within the hose. The aggregate may be a cross-linking medium stabilizing the position of the elastic particles.The hose can be built-in in a relatively advantageous manner, however, in a built-in state it behaves similarly to the ropes or bands made of solid rubber, it becomes unstable and displaceable, as a consequence, its suitability for watertight constructions becomes dubious, under the influence of water pressure displacement may occur, its sealing efficiency is to be considered as questionable.
The aim of the invention is to develop a process for the waterproof sealing of the joints between building elements, particularly prefabricated reinforced concrete elements, by the use of which the disadvantages of known solutions serving for the same purpose may be eliminated and by applying a relatively simple technology a watertight, not displacing sealing of high operational safety may be obtained.
The invention is based on the recognition that the manual displacement of the elements under the influence of external water pressure or any other stress can be prevented or at least reduced to the minimum partly by afterstressing the prefabricated reinforced concrete element, e.g.
walls, partly by forming a sealing between the neighbouring elements made of reinforced concrete being resistant to pressurized iiquids in such a manner, that the maintenance of the elastic deformation of the elastic elements does not take place by means of the building elements themselves, but the elastically deformed state is stabilized by means of a structure being undependent of said factors and having been arranged in the joints between the building elements lying adjacent to each other.
Based on said recognition, the task set is solved in accordance with the invention by performing a process, in course of which in the channel formed by the recesses machined in the surfaces of the building elements lying opposite to each other an elastic sealing structure -- a hoses arranged, which can be characterized in that after having subjected the building elements to a stress, the hose is filled with a material after-hardening at a pressure surpassing the atmospherical pressure, amounting to at least 3 atmospherical overpressure, preferably 6-8 atmospherical overpressure; the hose elastically deformed and expanded is pressed onto the surfaces of the confining building elements lying opposite to each other, while the afterhardening material is allowed to harden under the required pressure and the hose is stabilized in its elastically deformed state, pressed against the surfaces of the confining building elements. By this process a sealing construction with a solid inner core and an enclosing elastically deformed mantle may be obtained in the joints between the elements adjacent to each other.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention a thick-walled hose, preferably with a wall-thickness of 10 mm, made of rubber or any other resilient synthetic material is used, while as an afterhardening material cement mortar is filled into the hose.
According to a further characteristic of the invention in the surfaces of the building elements facing each other, arched, preferably semi-circular recesses are formed and in the channels formed by the recesses a hose with a circular crosssection, preferably with an outer diameter of 30-40 cm is placed. The hose is either pulled into the channel formed by the recesses or it is fixed in the recess of one of the elements e.g. by gluing, while the other element is fitted into the element containing the hose in such a manner, that the hose should fit into the recess of the latter one. After having performed the procedure previously described, the building elements are pressed to each other by applying a stress; hereafter the cement mortar is injected into the hose.
In a further preferred building embodiment of the invention the joints of the neighbouring building elements, in the vicinity of the devices exerting the stressing force, e.g. jumping bars, previous to subjecting the elements to the stress, sheets made of a hard, resilient material are inserted, the thickness of which is essentially filling out the width of the joints. Advantageously hard rubber sheets of a hardness of 90 Shore, in a thickness of about 10 mm are used; in the middle region of said sheets an aperture is formed for leading through the jumping rod, the diameter of which is preferably corresponding to the diameter of the jumping bar.Before fitting the elements, the sheets are fixed -- preferably by gluing - to the surface of one of the building elements in such a manner, that the holes in the sheets should be aligned with the apertures serving for leading through the organ exerting the stressing force.
The advantageous effects to be obtained by means of the solution according to the invention are the following: the material injected into the inside of the elastic hose of the sealing construction produced in accordance with the process according to the invention is pressed with a considerable force to the connecting element surface, simultaneously by the stabilized elastically deformed state of the hose, the material core hardened therein is sealing the joint in an absolutely safe manner.Due to the fact, that the elements are mutually pressed to each other, neither a relative displacement, which could result in the displacement or damage of the sealing can take place, nor the water pressure is able to remove the resilient hose from its place, partly due to the internal stress and fixation by means of the rigid core, partly as a consequence of bearing up against the recess and the pressed-in state.
Accordingly, by using the process according to the invention, watertight constructions complying completely with the requirements of waterproofness may be produced by using prefabricated reinforced concrete elements and by means of a quick, industrialized building technology being undependent of the weather and saving live labour.
The invention will be described in details by means of the accompanying drawings, illustrating a part of the wall structure of a water storage tank made of prefabricated reinforced concrete elements and sealed in accordance with the invention, where:
figure 1 shows the horizontal section of one of the corners of the storage tank, taken along the jumping bar, where one corner element and two sidewall-elements are connected to each other;
figure 2 shows the partA of the figure 1, illustrated in an enlarged scale.
As may be seen in figure 1, the wall construction confining the space of the reservoir 1 comprises the Tee-shaped corner elements 2, the side-wall elements 3. The elements 2 and 3 are prefabricated reinforced concrete elements incorporating the horizontal through apertures 4 having been aligned in both elements and forming the channels running along in the whole length of the wall; the channels are taking up the jumping rods 5.
Between the prefabricated reinforced concrete elements arranged adjacent to each other, there are vertically running gaps 6, which are to be sealed in a watertight manner in order to render them resistant to the water contained in the reservoir 1. The sealing construction in its entirety is marked with 7.
Figure 2 is showing the process suitable for producing said sealing construction.
On the bottom plate of the reservoir prepared earlier from monolithic reinforced concrete (not illustrated here) the prefabricated reinforced concrete elements 2, 3 are arranged. In the vertical frontal surfaces 2a, 3a of the two elements lying opposite to each other there are the semi-circular recesses 8, forming essentially a vertical channel with a circular cross-section.The thick-walled hose made of an elastic material is placed into said channel, whereas the outer diameter of the hose is smaller, than that of the channel formed by the recesses 8. (In figure 2 the gap between the recess and the hose cannot be seen, since the figure shows the sealing in an
accomplished state.) The jumping bars are led through the longitudinal channels formed by the
apertures 4 - in the side walls lying above each
other several, e.g. four channels may run along
by the aid of which the accurate longitudinal
position of the elements elevated by means of the
crane can be provisionally aligned. As it is to be
seen in figure 2, in the gaps between the adjoining
prefabricated elements the hard sheets 9 made of
some elastic material are connected to the
jumping bar 5. E.g. rubber sheets known under the
name "Styro" of the hardness of 90 Shore
(thickness 10 mm, size 300 x 100 mm) may be
advantageously used. The sheets 9 are glued onto
the endplate 2a or 3a of the building elements 2, 3
preferably at the meeting point of the aperture 4
and the surface 2a, 3a, in such a manner, that the
central aperture in the sheet 9 should cover the
aperture 4. The role of said aperture is the
following: they keep the distance between the
neighbouring elements 2, 3 being important from the point of view of afterstressing, on the other
hand, in course of the injection of the apertures 4 the outflow of the injected material through the gap 6 will be prevented; at least elastic impact at the gap 6 becomes possible and simultaneously damage of the elastic base will be hindered.
A further advantage lies in that in case of the damage of the hose 10, permeability to water may be eliminated by introducing a synthetic mortar into the gap 6. The synthetic resin mortar is waterproof in itself, on the other hand the sheet 9 does not allow the inrush of the water into the channel containing the jumping bar.
After having accurately positioned the elements 2, 3 in a vertical direction, final afterstressing should be performed (see figure 1) by using the nut 1 3 and the anchoring steel disc 11 containing the bed 12 for the cement mortar. Afterstressing process is followed by filling with cement mortar the channel formed by the apertures 4 and containing the jumping bar 5. Filling takes place by injection. After finishing the proceedings enumerated above, the protecting plate 14 made of monolithic concrete is to be removed. The proceedings of stressing are well known, stressing is preferably performed from two sides. Stressing is followed by the procedure of filling the hose 10 lying in a vertical position with the cement mortar.
The hose 10 may be a thick-walled rubber tube, let us say a rubber hose 30/40 (i.e. with a wall thickness of 10 mm), known under the name "U
TROP 65", available in commerce. Injection is advantageously performed under 7-8 atmospheric overpressure. As a consequence of injecting the material of the hose expands, i.e. an elastic deformation is taking place, the hose is firmly squeezed into the semi-circular recesses illustrated in figure 2 and is pressed onto the frontal surfaces 2a, 3a of the reinforced concrete elements arranged opposite to each other.The elastic deformation of the hose is stabilized by the hardened cement mortar 16, accordingly inrush of the water from the reservoir 1 , from the direction indicated by the arrow a is completely hindered by the waterproof construction 7. (figure 2)
Advantageously the gap is filled with the cement slurry 1 7 on both sides of the hose 10, while in the surfacial areas the gap 6 should be filled on both sides with a thicker cement slurry 1 8.
It goes without saying that the invention has not been restricted to the embodiment described above, but within the scope of the claims several versions are possible. The waterproof sealing according to the invention may be successfully realized in horizontal joints too, i.e. a watertight sealing may be obtained between horizontally arranged elements. The hoses 10 may be arranged in such a manner, that the hoses are pulled into the channel formed by the semicircular recess only after applying the stress onto the elements, the more, the hoses 10 may be fastened to the semi-circular recess of one of the building elements previously to positioning the elements, e.g. by gluing, while the other element is fitted by
means of its recess to the glued hose. However,
fitting of the elements must take place previous to
injecting the cement mortar.Connection of the wall-structure -- consisting of the stressed
elements and having been rendered watertight by using the process according to the invention -- to the ground plate is to be performed in any known
manner; at the place of connection
waterproofness may be obtained by methods
known in themselves. Stressing may take place by
using cables instead of bars. Not only the joints
between the prefabricated reinforced concrete
elements, but also those between steel structures
can be well sealed by using the process according
to the invention. At the same time, instead of
cement mortar a synthetic resin mortar -- i.e. a
mortar with synthetic resin as binding material
may be used.
Filling on the joints may take place on one or
both sides of the rubber hose either with a cement
mortar or a synthetic mortar with synthetic resin
as a binding material..
In the appended claims, reference numbers
have been used purely for assistance and
illustration and not for limitation.
Claims (10)
1. Process for the watertight sealing of joints
between building elements, particularly
prefabricated reinforced concrete elements, in
course of which in the channel formed by the
recesses in the surface of the building elements
lying opposite to each other a sealing construction
is formed by means of an elastic hose,
characterized in that after having pressed together
the building elements (2, 3) by applying a stress,
the hose (10) is filled with an afterhardening or
settable material at a pressure exceeding the -atmospheric pressure, amounting to at least 3
atmospheric overpressure, expediently 6-8 atmospheric overpressure, while the hose
expanded an elastically deformed is pressed
against the surfaces (2a, 3a) of the building
elements (2, 3) arranged opposite to each other;;
the pressurized afterhardening material is allowed
to harden and the hose (10) is stabilized in its
elastically deformed state pressed against the
surfaces (2a, 3a) of the neighbouring building
elements (2, 3), whereby a sealing construction
with a solid inner core and an enclosing elastically
deformed mantle or envelope will be obtained in
the joints between the building elements (2, 3).
2. Process as claimed in claim 1, characterized
in that a thick-walled hose (10), preferably with a
wall thickness of about 10 mm, made of rubber or
an elastic synthetic material is used.
3. Process as claimed in claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that as an afterhardening material
cement mortar (1 6) is injected into the hose (10).
4. Process as claimed in any of the claims 1 to
3, characterized in that on the opposite surfaces
(2a, 3a) of the building elements (2, 3) arched,
preferably semi-circular recesses (8) are formed
and a hose (10) with an outer diameter of
approximately 30-40 mm is inserted into the channel formed by said recesses.
5. Process as claimed in any of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the hose is pulled into the channel formed by the recesses (8) before or after the stress is applied onto the aligned building elements (2, 3).
6. Process as claimed in any of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that previously to positioning the elements (2, 3) the hose is fixed preferably by gluing in the recess (8) of one of the elements, while the other element is placed beside the first one in such a manner, that the recess (8) should fit to the hose (10) arranged in the first element.
7. Process as claimed in any of the claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the gap (6) between the building elements (2, 3) in the vicinity of the devices exerting the stress, so, e.g. the jumping bars (5), previously to applying the stress hard sheets (9) are inserted, the thickness of which is essentially complying with the width of the gap (6) and in course of stressing the building elements
(2, 3) the sheets become elastically deformed.
8. Process as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that hard rubber sheets of the hardness of 90
Shore, in a thickness of about 10 mm are used and in the middle part thereof an aperture is formed for leading through the means exerting the stress, e.g. the jumping bars (5), while the diameter of the aperture expediently corresponds to the diameter of said means, furthermore after having aligned the apertures in the surface of one of the building elements with the apertures serving for leading through the organ exerting the stress -- previously to fitting the elements to each other the rubber sheet is fixed, preferably by gluing, to the surfaces (2a, 3a) of the building element (2, 3).
9. Process as claimed in any of the claims 1 to 8, characterized in that after having prepared the sealing construction (7), the inside of the gap (6) is filled with a slurry prepared either with cement or with synthetic resin as binding material, simultaneously the range of the outlet of the gap (6) is coated with mortar, expediently based on the same material, as the mortar filled into the gap.
10. Process for the watertight sealing of joints between building elements substantially as herein described with reference to and as shown in the accompanying drawing.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8017965A GB2077794B (en) | 1980-06-02 | 1980-06-02 | Process for the waterfight sealing at the joints between building elements particularly prefabricated reinforced concrete elements |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8017965A GB2077794B (en) | 1980-06-02 | 1980-06-02 | Process for the waterfight sealing at the joints between building elements particularly prefabricated reinforced concrete elements |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2077794A true GB2077794A (en) | 1981-12-23 |
| GB2077794B GB2077794B (en) | 1984-01-18 |
Family
ID=10513762
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8017965A Expired GB2077794B (en) | 1980-06-02 | 1980-06-02 | Process for the waterfight sealing at the joints between building elements particularly prefabricated reinforced concrete elements |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2077794B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2674569A1 (en) * | 2012-06-15 | 2013-12-18 | Stefan Trümpi | Gap seal for pipe jacking |
-
1980
- 1980-06-02 GB GB8017965A patent/GB2077794B/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2674569A1 (en) * | 2012-06-15 | 2013-12-18 | Stefan Trümpi | Gap seal for pipe jacking |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2077794B (en) | 1984-01-18 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19950602 |