GB2073469A - Musical instrument strings - Google Patents

Abstract

A guitar string 27 comprising a core 41 having a fine cover wire 42 helically wound thereon, said cover wire having a round cross-section over the major proportion of its surface, but having compressed flats 50 at the crown of said wire at the outer surface of said string but not at the inner surface of said cover wire. The flattening is effected by apparatus comprising a first roller 19 having a fixed axis and a second roller 25 mounted on a movable arm, and a controllable air cylinder apparatus 35, 37 connected to said movable arm for urging the second roller towards the first roller. As the string 27 being wound and rotating passes between the two rollers 19, 25 between guides 23, 24, the crown or outer arcuate surface 43 of the helical winding 42 at the outer surface of the string is flattened at 50, resulting in a string which produces less noise when the player slides his fingers along the string to change positions, and which still provides perfect intonation and frequency response. <IMAGE>

Description

SPECIFICATION Modified musical instrument strings and methods and apparatus for making same (1 ) Field of the Invention The present invention relates to musical instrument strings, e.g. guitar strings, and more particularly refers to strings which have been modified to reduce the generation of noise when the player slides his fingers along the strings.

(2) Description of the PriorArt Musical instrument strings are manufactured by winding a fine metal wire around a core. The wire may be formed of silver, copper, alloys of either or both, or aluminum. The cores are formed of gut, nylon, or metal wire such as steel. Since the fine wire wound around the core has a substantially circular cross-section in order to provide good intonation, when the player slides his fingers along the strings, since the peaks of the wire are spaced apart, a considerable amount of noise results. Various means have been utilized to modify the string to avoid or reduce the degree of noise. In one method, the string is ground with a centerless grinder after the string- has been wound produce a flat surface.

This method has a disadvantage in that the mass of the wire winding is reduced. To compensated for this, it has been found necessary to use both a larger diameter core and a larger diameter covering wire.

To utilize a string manufactured by this method, it is necessary to increase the amount of tension to bring the string to pitch. This adversely affects the intonation of the string. Another method which has been used in the prior art is called Roller Wound. Here the round cover wire is pulled through a pair of rollers and a flat is put on both the top and bottom side of the cover wire prior to winding the wire about the core. The disadvantage of this method is that a larger portion of the covering wire is in contact with the core at one of the flat surfaces. This adds considerable stiffness to the string. Another disadvantage is that it is not always possible to ensure that the flat portion lies parallel to the core wire.

When mis-positioning of this types occurs, a sawtooth effect results and the string feels rough to the player. Additionally, this adversely affects the intonation of the string.

It has been found that the ideal string is one where the cover wire is round and the only contact made with the cores is at the point of tangency with the cover wire. When the right combination of core and cover wire size is used, the intonation of the string is prefect and the harmonics are readily discernible to the trained ear. The only objection found in this ideal string is the resulting finger noise which is head as the player slides his fingers up and down the string.

In addition to the objectionable noise, the wire structure can result in excessive fret wear.

Summary of the Invention It is an object of the present invention to provide a musical instrument string which produces less noise when the player slides his fingers up and down the string.

It is an additional object to provide a musical instrument string of the type described which retains excellent physical properties.

It is still another object to provide such a musical instrument string wherein the intonation and harmonic properties of the string are not already affected.

It is still an additional object to provide a modified musical instrument string which is relatively inexpensive to produce.

It is an additional object to provide a method for modifying a musical instrument string which results in a string which is quiet in use when the player slides his fingers along the string, and which still has excellent musical properties.

It is also an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus-for modifying musical instrument strings to prevent noise when the player slides his fingers up and down the strings.

It is an additional object to provide an apparatus for modifying a musical instrument string which does not adversely affect the physical properties of the string.

It is still another object to provide an apparatus for modifying a musical instrument string which does not adversely affect the intonation and harmonics of the string.

It is still an additional object to provide an apparatus for modifying a musical instrument string which is relatively inexpensive to produce and operate.

A musical instrument string according to the invention comprises a core having a fine cover wire helically wound thereon, said cover wire having a substantially round cross-section over the major proportion of its surface, but having compressed flats at the crown of said wire at the outer surface of said string but not at the inner surface of said cover wire.

Also according to the invention, a process for modifying a musical instrument string comprises rotating said string and moving said string slowly in an axial direction, introducing said string between a pair of opposed rollers-while said string is rotating, said rollers being biased toward each other with sufficient force to flatten the crown of the cover wire while permitting the remainder of the surface of said cover wire to remain substantially unchanged, whereby a string is formed which does not produce an objectional amount of noise when rubbed axially by the fingers of the player, and which exhibits true pitch and harmonic response.

Also according to the invention an apparatus, for modifying a musical instrument string having a core and a cover wire of circular cross-section helically wound on said core, comprises a frame, a first roller rotatably mounted on an axis movable with respect to said first roller, guide means for maintaining said string in proper position to pass between said rollers while said string rotates about its axis and additionally moves axially through said rollers, and power means for applying force to urge said second roller -towards said first roller, thereby compressing said string and flattening the crown of said cover wire on the outer surface of said string while maintaining substantially the original curvature of said cover wire in the remainder of said cover wire.

The accompanying drawings illustrate embodiments of the invention. In these drawings: Figure 1 is a side view of a first apparatus used in producing a string according to the invention; Figure 2 is-an end view of the apparatus shown in Figure 1; Figure 3 is an enlarged side elevational view of a string according to the invention showing a portion after it has been processed and a portion before it has been processed Figure 4 is a side elevational view of a second apparatus according to the invention; Figure 5 is an end view of the apparatus shown in Figure 4; and Figure 6 is a top view of the apparatus shown in Figures 4 and 5.

Referring to Figures 1 and 2, a string modifying device 10 according to the invention is shown comprising a frame 11 formed of frame members 12 and 13. A bell crank level arm 14 comprising lever arm member 15 and 16 is pivotally connected to the frame 11 by a pivot pin 17 riding in apertures 18 provided in the frame members. A roller 19 is rotatably mounted on a pin 20 which provides a fixed axis. Spacers or hubs 21 maintain the roller 19 in centered position. A recess 22 is provided in the frame members 12 and 13 for permitting a string 27 to pass therethrough. Centring guides 23 and 24 in the form of flat plates are affixed to the frame members 12 and 13to keep a string 27 which is being processed in centred position. A movable roller 25 is rotatably mounted by means of a pin 26 on the bell crank lever arm 14.As shown in Figure 2, a conventional string fabricating apparatus 28 shown in box diagram is mounted adjacent to the string modifying device 10.

An air cylinder 35 is provided for applying force to the movable roller 25 in the direction of the fixed roller for compressing a string being processed. The air cylinder 35 is mounted by means of a pin 36 to one end of the frame 11. A piston rod 37 extends from the air cylinder 35 and has an enlarged portion 38 which is pivotally affixed to one end of the bell crank lever arm 14 by means of a pin 39.

Referring to Figure 3, musical instrument string 27 is shown in enlarged view and comprises a core 41 formed of gut, nylon, or a metal such as steel. A fine wire 42 is wound about the core in a helical arrangement. As the string is originally formed, the wire is circular in cross-section and has arcuate upper surface or crown 43. After processingaccord- ing to the process of the invention and in the apparatus of the invention, the outer surface of the string windings is compressed to form flat surfaces 50.

In operating the string modifying device 10 according to the invention, the string is first formed in a conventional string fabricating apparatus 28, shown in Figure 2, which is placed adjacent to the string modifying device 10. The apparatus 28 forms a string by rotating the core and winding the fine wire 42 around the core in a helical arrangement with the sides of each winding in contact engagement with adjacent windings. As the finished string continues to rotate and to be pushed out of the apparatus 28, the finished portion of the string passes between the rollers 19 and 25. The air cylinder, or hydraulic cylinder if desired, forces the piston rod 37 and 38 to apply force outwardly to the end of the bell crank lever arm 14.This causes the moveable roller 25 to press against the string 27 which in turn is supported by the roller 19 having a stationary axis, and the string is maintained in position by the guides 23 and 24. The desired roller force may be applied by properly adjusting controls to the air cylinder 35. As the string continues to roll and pass axially between the rollers 19 and 25, the crown 43 of the covering wire is compressed to form a flat 50. The degree of compression is carefully controlled by controlling the pressure applied to the air cylinder. This results in a string which does not generate noise when the fingers of the player slide longitudinally with the string. Moreover, the string remains true in pitch and overtones.It has been found that a very highly satisfactory guitar string can be fabricated using a core wire having a diameter of .014 inch (0.36 mm), and cover wire having a diameter of 0.005 inch (0.13 mm), to form a string with an initial untreated diameter of .024 inch (0.61 mm). After processing by flattening the crowns of the cover wire, the resulting diameter of the string is .023 inch (0.585 mm).

Referring to Figures 4,5 and 6, a string modifying device 56 in another embodiment is shown comprising a frame 57 having frame members 58 and 59. A bell crank lever arm 60 comprising lever arm members 61,61 is affixed to the frame 57 by means of a pivot pin 62 mounted in apertures 63 provided in the frame members 58 and 59. A roller 64 is rotatably mounted on a pin 65 to provide the roller with a fixed axis. Spacers or hubs 66 are utilised to centre; spacers or hubs 81,82 and 83 are utilised to maintain the lever arm 60 in proper axial orientation. A pair of centring rollers 68 and 69 are utilised to maintain the string 27 in proper position during processing. The rollers are mounted on pins 70 and 71 retained in apertures in the frame 57.

A movable pressure roller 72 is mounted by a pin 73 on the bell crank lever arm 60 and has spacers or shoulders 74 for properly positioning the roller.

An air cylinder75 is mounted on the frame by means of a pin 76. The air cylinder 75 has a piston rod 77 which is connected at an enlarged portion 78 by means of a pin 79 to end of the bell crank lever arm 60. Conventional air compressor means is connected to the air cylinder operating through conventional control valves to determine the amount of pressure to be applied to the air cylinder.

The apparatus shown in Figures 4 to 6 operates in the same manner as that shown in Figures 1 and 2 and previously described. However, in this embodiment, the positioning of the string 27 is accomplished by opposed centring rollers 68 and 69 instead of the stationary guides 23 and 24 shown in Figure 1.

The apparatus and methods of the present invention have a number of advantages over apparatus and methods which have been utilised in the past to accomplish the same purposes. First, they permit a string to be fabricated by winding with a cover wire having a circular cross-section. It has been found from experience that this provides a string with the best intonation and frequency response. As the string is being formed and rotated it is passed between the compressive rolls of the present invention, which compresses the outer crown of the wire which has been wound on the core and causes the crown to be flattened. However, the crown of the cover wire adjacent to the core remains substantially uncompressed. Consequently a string results which does not generate noise when the player rubs his fingers along the string, but which still has perfect intonation and frequency response. Further, the apparatus of the present invention is relatively simple and inexpensive to produce and operate so that a string may be inexpensively processed while it is being rotated by the apparatus which forms the string. The guide means reliably keep the wire centred and positioned between the rollers so that a uniform, smooth, flat surface is produced. Further, although the crown of the cover wire is flat as a result of the processing, no metal has been removed from the string and consequently the intonation and harmonic response has not been impaired.

It is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the exact details of operation or structure shown and described in the specification and drawings, since obvious modifications and equivalents will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art.

Claims (12)

1. A musical instrument string comprising a core having a fine cover wire helically wound thereon, said cover wire having a substantially round crosssection over the major proportion of its surface, but having compressed flats at the crown of said wire at the outer surface of said string but not at the inner surface of said cover wire.

2. A musical instrument string comprising a core having a fine cover wire helically wound thereon, said cover wire having a substantially would crosssection overthe major proportion of its surface, but having flats at the crown of said wire at the outer surface of said string formed by compressing said string between rollers as said string rotates.

3. A musical instrument string according to claim 2, wherein said core is formed of metal and said cover wire is formed of metal.

4. A process for modifying a musical instrument string which comprises rotating said string and moving said string slowly in an axial direction, introducing said string between a pair of opposed rollers while said string is rotating, said rollers being biased toward each other with sufficient force to flatten the crown of the cover wire while permitting the remainder of the surface of said cover wire to remain substantially unchanged, whereby a string is formed which does not produce an objectionable amount of noise when rubbed axially by the fingers of the player, and which exhibits true pitch and harmonic response.

5. An apparatus, for modifying a musical instrument string having a core and a cover wire of circular cross-section helically wound on said core, said apparatus comprising a frame, a first roller rotatably mounted on an axis fixed with respect to said frame, and a second roller rotatably mounted on an axis movable with respect to said first roller, guide means for maintaining said string in proper position to pass between said rollers while said string rotates about its axis and additionally moves axially through said rollers, and power means for applying force to urge said second roller towards said first roller, thereby compressing said string and flattening the crown of said cover wire on the outer surface of said string while maintaining substantially the original curvature of said cover wire in the remainder of said cover wire.

6. An apparatus according to claim 5, wherein a lever arm is pivotally mounted on said frame and supports said second roller, and wherein said power means is engaged with said lever arm for urging said second roller toward said first roller.

7. An apparatus according to claim 5, wherein said guide means is mounted on said frame.

8. An apparatus according to claim 7, wherein said guide means comprises a pair of plates spaced apart to permit said string to pass therebetween.

9. An apparatus according to claim 7, wherein said guide means comprises a pair of opposed rollers rotatably mounted on said frame.

10. An apparatus according to claim 6, wherein said power means comprises a compressed air cylinder having a piston rod operatively connected at one end to said lever arm.

11. In combination, a string fabricating apparatus having means for rotating a musical instrument string and for winding a helically arranged cover wire on said string as the core rotates and means for moving said string axially, and an apparatus for modifying said string as it rotates and leaves said fabricating apparatus comprising a frame, a first roller rotatably mounted on an axis fixed with respect to said frame, a lever arm pivotally mounted on said frame and having a second roller mounted on said lever arm, guide means for maintaining said string in position as it passes between said rollers, and power means operating on said lever arm for forcing said second roller in the direction of said first roller to compress said string between said rollers as said string rotates and is gradually moved in an axial direction, whereby the crown of said cover wire is compressed to form flats on the outer surface of said string, and whereby the curvature of the remainder of said cover wire remains substantially unmodified.

12. An apparatus according to claim 5, substantially as described with reference to Figures 1 and 2 or Figures 4 to 6 of the accompanying drawings.