GB2069842A - Surgical sponges - Google Patents
Surgical sponges Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2069842A GB2069842A GB8006682A GB8006682A GB2069842A GB 2069842 A GB2069842 A GB 2069842A GB 8006682 A GB8006682 A GB 8006682A GB 8006682 A GB8006682 A GB 8006682A GB 2069842 A GB2069842 A GB 2069842A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- sponge
- patient
- heavy metal
- surgical
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical group [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 159000000009 barium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000001124 body fluid Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000010839 body fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Diethylethanamine Substances CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010033372 Pain and discomfort Diseases 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012084 abdominal surgery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KSBAEPSJVUENNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L tin(ii) 2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound [Sn+2].CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O.CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O KSBAEPSJVUENNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008733 trauma Effects 0.000 description 1
- CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorofluoromethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)(Cl)Cl CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940029284 trichlorofluoromethane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
- A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
- A61L15/42—Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
- A61L15/54—Radio-opaque materials
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
- A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
- A61L15/42—Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
- A61L15/425—Porous materials, e.g. foams or sponges
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0066—Use of inorganic compounding ingredients
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
Abstract
A method of detecting surgical sponges remaining within the patient's body following surgery, consists of subjecting the patient to X-Ray radiation to obtain an X-Ray image of the relevant part of the patient. The surgical sponge is formed from a foamed plastics the composition of which includes sufficient of a salt of a heavy metal which absorbs radiation at X-Ray wavelengths to render the sponge as a whole opaque to X-Rays. Also described is a sterile package comprising a sterile surgical sponge formed as above. The plastics composition is preferably a polyurethane foam composition. The heavy metal salt is preferably barytes.
Description
SPECIFICATION
Surgical sponges
This invention is concerned with surgical swabs and like articles used for soaking up body fluids in surgery, casualty treatment and the like. More particularly it is concerned with the use of sponges for this purpose.
A major problem of concern to the medical profession these days is the possibility of a claim for medical negligence resulting from a surgical swab or the like being retained within the patient's body. Heretofore the only method we know to have been employed to detect with any certainty whether this has occurred has been an operation which is of necessity subjects the patient to a second trauma, and may itself lead to a claim for damages or, by virtue of the pain and discomfort inevitably caused, greatly increase the level of any award for damages.
There is a very substantial need for a method which would detect any retained swabs with virtual certainty and without a need for surgery, but until the present invention no such method has been available.
In accordance with a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of detecting surgical sponges remaining within the patient's body following surgery, which method consists of subjecting the patient to X-Ray radiation to obtain an
X-Ray image of the relevent part of the patient, the surgical sponge being formed from a foamed plastics the composition of which includes sufficient of a salt of a heavy metal which absorbs radiation at
X-Ray wavelengths to render the sponge as a whole opaque to X-Rays.
We also provide, in a second and alternative aspect of this invention, a sterile package comprising a sterile surgical sponge formed from a foamed plastics the composition of which includes sufficient of a salt of a heavy metal which absorbs radiation at
X-Ray wavelengths to render the sponge opaque to
X-Rays.
In the practise of th is invention, any suitable foamed plastics composition may be used for the sponge, that is: a composition which yields a flexible open sponge capable of soaking up body fluids and which is compatible with body tissues, though (of course) the required quantity of the heavy metal salt will need to be added as filler. Any conventional fabrication technique applicable to the chosen composition may be employed. The shape, size, density and configuration of the sponges produced may vary widely, and will in practise be selected according to the particular surgical or medical application intended for the sponge.
It is believed unnecessary to give a detailed account herein of the various types of plastics foam composition or the fabrication techniques which may be used therefor since the reader will doubtless be fully familiar with these and can, in any case, find all he requires in any of the standard works such as "Plastics Foams" Part I and Part II, edited by Kurt C.
Frisch and James H. Saunders and published by
Marcel Dekker Inc., New York.
We have found polyurethane foam compositions to be particularly convenient. These are dealt with at length in Chapter 3 of the above work which is entitled "Flexible Polyurethane Foams" and consists of an article written by G. T. Gmitter, H. J. Fabris and E.
M. Maxey, which gives practical examples of suitable compositions for a variety of purposes.
In order for such compositions to be useful for our purposes, a requisite account of a salt of a heavy metal which absorbs radiation at X-ray wavelengths must be present as filler or substituted for part of the conventional filler. Barium is the most suitable heavy metal and its sulphate- barytes - is ready available and, indeed, already sometimes used as a filler for polyurethane foam compositions. The amount required of the metal salt to render the sponge opaque to X-rays can readily be established by simple experimentation. We have found that a barium sulphate content in the region of 30 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of prepolyol in a polyurethane composition gives good results, but the invention is not limited for this specific proportion.
The foam produced, for example by reaction between diisocynate and prepolyol in a polyurethane composition with the appropriate filler, must be formed under sterile conditions and packaged in a sterile package, which package may take any of the conventional forms of such packages for surgical cotton swabs, before the resultant sponge is acceptable under modern medical standards for surgical, casualty and like use.
By way of example only we list below a preferred polyurethane foam composition we have found useful in the practise of the present invention, though other feasible plastics compositions will readily occur to the man skilled in the plastics foam art in the light of this present disclosure.
Example
Component Parts by Weight
Polyol 100.00
Tolylene Diisocyanate 34.40
Water 2.30
Stannous Octoate 2.42
Catalyst-Triethylamine 0.53
Tin 0.21
Silicone 0.35
Blowing agent
Trichloromonofluoromethane 7.00
Barium Sulphate 30.00
By way of further illustration, reference should be
made to the accompanying drawing, in which the single figure thereof schematically illustrates the application of the method of the present invention to the detection of a surgical sponge 1 retained within the abdomen of a patient 2 after abdominal surgery.
The patient's abdomen is exposed to a conventional source of medical X-rays 3 in an entirely conventional manner for taking medical X-rays. The X-rays after passage through the patient's body are incident upon photographic film or paper 4 sensitive to
X-rays to leave a latent image including a latent image 5 of the swab 1. The film ofpaper4isproces- sed in conventional fashion to produce an X-ray photograph on which the swab will be clearly visible provided that the swab 1 is formed from a foamed plastics material the composition of which includes sufficient of a salt of a heavy metal which absorbs radiation at X-ray wavelengths to render the sponge as a whole opaque to X-rays.
Claims (10)
1. A method of detecting surgical sponges remaining within the patient's body following surgery, which method consists of subjecting the patient to X-Ray radiation to obtain an X-Ray image of the relevant part of the patient, the surgical sponge being formed from a foamed plastics the composition of which includes sufficient of a salt of a heavy metal which absorbs radiation at X-Ray wavelengths to render the sponge as a whole opaque to X-Rays.
2. A method as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the plastics composition is a polyurethane foam composition.
3. A method as claimed in any preceding Claim, wherein the heavy metal is Barium.
4. A method as claimed in Claim 3, wherein the
Barium salt is Barytes.
5. A sterile package comprising a sterile surgical sponge formed from a foamed plastics the composition of which includes sufficient of a salt of a heavy metal which absorbs radiation at X-Ray wavelengths to render the sponge opaque to X-Rays.
6. A sterile package as claimed in Claim 5, wherein the plastics composition is a polyurethane foam composition.
7. A sterile package as claimed in Claim 5 or 6, wherein the Barium salt is Barytes.
8. A sterile package as claimed in Claim 7, comprising a sterile surgical sponge formed from a foamed plastics the composition of which includes sufficient of a salt of a heavy metal which absorbs radiation at X-Ray wavelengths to render the sponge opaque to X-Rays.
9. A method of detecting surgical sponges remaining within the patient's body following surgery, substantially as herein described with reference to the foregoing example and the accompanying drawings.
10. A sterile package as herein described with reference to the foregoing example.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8006682A GB2069842B (en) | 1980-02-27 | 1980-02-27 | Surgical sponges |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8006682A GB2069842B (en) | 1980-02-27 | 1980-02-27 | Surgical sponges |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2069842A true GB2069842A (en) | 1981-09-03 |
| GB2069842B GB2069842B (en) | 1984-02-08 |
Family
ID=10511732
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8006682A Expired GB2069842B (en) | 1980-02-27 | 1980-02-27 | Surgical sponges |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2069842B (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2189399A (en) * | 1986-04-26 | 1987-10-28 | Caligen Foam Ltd | Swab |
| DE3641151A1 (en) * | 1986-12-02 | 1988-06-09 | Freudenberg Carl Fa | MEDICAL SUCTION BODY WITH X-RAY CONTRAST AGENT AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
| WO1991015159A1 (en) * | 1990-03-30 | 1991-10-17 | British Technology Group Ltd. | Controlling articles of equipment during surgery |
| WO2005061649A1 (en) * | 2003-12-24 | 2005-07-07 | James Walker New Zealand Limited | Resilient compound for sealing device comprising detectable material such as barium sulfate |
| GB2513427A (en) * | 2013-03-01 | 2014-10-29 | Dentmed Ltd | A polyurethane foam article |
-
1980
- 1980-02-27 GB GB8006682A patent/GB2069842B/en not_active Expired
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2189399A (en) * | 1986-04-26 | 1987-10-28 | Caligen Foam Ltd | Swab |
| DE3641151A1 (en) * | 1986-12-02 | 1988-06-09 | Freudenberg Carl Fa | MEDICAL SUCTION BODY WITH X-RAY CONTRAST AGENT AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
| US4938901A (en) * | 1986-12-02 | 1990-07-03 | Firma Carl Freudenberg | Process of making a surgical sponge containing an x-ray contrast agent |
| WO1991015159A1 (en) * | 1990-03-30 | 1991-10-17 | British Technology Group Ltd. | Controlling articles of equipment during surgery |
| US5443082A (en) * | 1990-03-30 | 1995-08-22 | British Technology Group Ltd. | Controlling articles of equipment during surgery |
| WO2005061649A1 (en) * | 2003-12-24 | 2005-07-07 | James Walker New Zealand Limited | Resilient compound for sealing device comprising detectable material such as barium sulfate |
| GB2513427A (en) * | 2013-03-01 | 2014-10-29 | Dentmed Ltd | A polyurethane foam article |
| GB2513427B (en) * | 2013-03-01 | 2015-04-01 | Dentmed Ltd | A polyurethane foam article |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2069842B (en) | 1984-02-08 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |