GB2065139A - White cover sheet material capable of reflecting ultraviolet rays - Google Patents
White cover sheet material capable of reflecting ultraviolet rays Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2065139A GB2065139A GB8035152A GB8035152A GB2065139A GB 2065139 A GB2065139 A GB 2065139A GB 8035152 A GB8035152 A GB 8035152A GB 8035152 A GB8035152 A GB 8035152A GB 2065139 A GB2065139 A GB 2065139A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- sheet material
- white
- cover sheet
- white cover
- surface layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003340 retarding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- WUOBERCRSABHOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N diantimony Chemical group [Sb]#[Sb] WUOBERCRSABHOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002433 Vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005061 synthetic rubber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 235000014380 magnesium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony trioxide Inorganic materials O=[Sb]O[Sb]=O ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NTXGQCSETZTARF-UHFFFAOYSA-N buta-1,3-diene;prop-2-enenitrile Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC#N NTXGQCSETZTARF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001084 poly(chloroprene) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001195 polyisoprene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VHOQXEIFYTTXJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutylene-isoprene copolymer Chemical compound CC(C)=C.CC(=C)C=C VHOQXEIFYTTXJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002292 Nylon 6 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005030 aluminium foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene-styrene rubber Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002681 hypalon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012784 inorganic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004900 laundering Methods 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003225 polyurethane elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- YEAUATLBSVJFOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraantimony hexaoxide Chemical compound O1[Sb](O2)O[Sb]3O[Sb]1O[Sb]2O3 YEAUATLBSVJFOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012463 white pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/30—Camouflage paints
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H3/00—Camouflage, i.e. means or methods for concealment or disguise
- F41H3/02—Flexible, e.g. fabric covers, e.g. screens, nets characterised by their material or structure
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Woven Fabrics (AREA)
- Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
- Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
- Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)
- Road Signs Or Road Markings (AREA)
- Optical Filters (AREA)
Abstract
A white cover sheet material capable of reflecting ultraviolet rays, comprises at least one outer surface layer thereof which comprises (A) a substantially colorless matrix material comprising a thermoplastic polymer material or a rubber and (B) a white ultraviolet ray-reflecting agent comprising at least one member selected from ZrO2, BaSO4, MgO and MgCO3. Such a cover sheet material is difficult to be distinguished from a snow surface by the naked eye, and by an ultraviolet ray inspecting device.
Description
SPECIFICATION
White cover sheet material capable of reflecting ultraviolet rays
The present invention relates to a white cover sheet material capable of reflecting ultraviolet rays.
More particularly, the present invention relates to a white cover sheet material which exhibits an excellent reflectivity to ultraviolet rays, similar to that snow.
It is well-known that in order to conceal things and persons, in an area covered with snow, from inspection with the naked eye, they are covered with a white sheet material. Aiso, it is well-known that in order to provide the white cover sheet material, a conventional white pigment, for instance, titanium dioxide, may be used. However, the conventional white pigments have a property such that they absorb most of the incidental ultraviolet rays and reflect hardly any of the incidental ultraviolet rays and reflect hardly any of the incidental ultraviolet rays, while snow reflects 70 to 90% of incidental ultraviolet rays.
For this reason, when the conventional white sheet material placed on snow is scanned using an ultraviolet ray-sensitive inspecting means for instance, a special camera equipped with a filter permeable to ultraviolet rays or another special device, for example, a spectrophotometer, the conventional white cover sheet material is easily and clearly distinguished from the snow surface.
Accordingly, when the ultraviolet ray inspection is applied, the conventional white sheet cannot conceal materials or people placed on snow.
This invention provides a white cover sheet material which is capable of reflecting ultraviolet rays, and is hardly distinguishable from the snow surface not only by the naked eye but also by an inspection means in which ultraviolet rays are applied.
According to the invention a white cover sheet material capable of reflecting ultraviolet rays comprise at least one outer surface layer which comprises (A) a substantially colorless matrix material comprising at least one thermoplastic polymer material and, (B) a white ultraviolet ray-reflecting agent dispersed in said matrix material and comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of zirconium oxide (ZrO2), barium sulfate (BaSO4), magnesium oxide (MgO) and magnesium carbonate (MgCO3).
In the white cover sheet material of the present invention, it is essential that at least one outer surface of the sheet material is capable of reflecting ultraviolet rays. For this purpose, at least one outer surface layer of the cover sheet material comprises:
(A) a substantially colorless matrix material and,
(B) a white ultraviolet ray-reflecting agent dispersed in the matrix material.
The matrix material comprises at least one substantially colorless thermoplastic polymer material which may be selected from natural rubber; synthetic rubbers, for example, polybutadiene, butadienestyrene corn polymers, butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymers, polychloroprene, polyisoprene, polyisobutylene, isobutylene-isoprene copolymers, acrylic ester copolymers, polyurethane rubbers and chlorosulfonated polyethylene, and; thermoplastic synethic resins, for example, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymers, and polyurethane. Polyvinyl chloride is preferred as a matrix material. The matrix material may contain any additives such as plasticizers, stabilizers, and fillers unless the additives hinder the intended object of the present invention.
The white ultraviolet ray-reflecting agent is selected from the group consisting of zirconium oxide, barium sulfate, magnesium oxide and magnesium carbonate.
In the outer surface layer, it is preferable that the amount of the white ultraviolet ray-reflecting agent is in a range of from 20 to 200%, based on the weight of the matrix material. Preferably, magnesium oxide when used in a range of from 20 to 70%, magnesium carbonate when used is in a range of from 20 to 100% and barium sulfate when used is in a range of from 70 to 1 50% based on the weight of the matrix material.
When the amount of the white ultraviolet ray-reflecting agent is less than 20%, sometimes, the resultant cover sheet material exhibits an unsatisfactory reflectivity for ultraviolet rays and an insufficient shading effect for visible light. Accordingly, it is difficult to conceal material and/or people by covering then with the sheet material. When the amount of the white ultraviolet ray-reflecting agent is more than 200%, the resultant outer surface layer sometimes exhibits a poor flexibility and becomes easily cracked at a low temperature. Also, when the amount of the white ultraviolet ray-reflecting agent is more than 200%, the increase in its amount causes the reflectivity of the resultant outer surface to the ultraviolet rays to increase very slightly.Accordingly, usually, the ultraviolet ray-reflecting agent is used in an amount of 20 to 200% based on the weight of the matrix material.
Also, it is preferable that the white ultraviolet ray-reflecting agent is in the form of fine particles.
Furthermore, it is preferable that the fine particles have a size of 100 mesh or smaller. Thus the fine particles can preferably pass through a 100 mesh sieve, and more preferably, through a 350 mesh sieve.
The outer surface layer capable of reflecting ultra-violet rays, may be in the form of a film or a fiber fabric. Also, the sheet material of the present invention may be composed of the layer capable of reflecting ultraviolet rays alone, or of a substrate sheet layer and at least one outer surface layer capable of reflecting ultra-violet rays.
The fine particles of the white ultraviolet ray-reflecting agent may be uniformly dispersed in the matrix material by using a conventional mixing apparatus, for instance, caldender mixer. Banbury's mixer or screw extruder.
When the cover sheet material of the present invention is composed of only a layer containing the white ultraviolet ray-reflecting agent, the mixture of the white ultraviolet ray-reflecting agent with the matrix material is formed into a sheet having desired dimensions by means of a conventional sheet forming apparatus, for example, a calender or extruder. The thickness of the sheet is not limited to a special range of values. However, usually, the thickness of the sheet is 0.05 mm or more, preferably, 0.1 mm or more.
In the case where the outer surface layer containing the white ultraviolet ray-reflecting agent is formed on a surface of a substrate sheet layer, the substrate sheet may be selected from fiber fabrics, for example, woven, knitted or non-woven fabric, and polymeric sheets or films.
A fiber fabric may be made from continuous filament yarns, staple fiber spun yarns, split fiber yarns or tape yarns. The fiber may be a natural organic fiber such as cotton or wool; inorganic fiber such as glass fibre; organic synthetic fiber such as polyester, polyamide, polyacronitrile or water-insolubilized or sparingly water-soluble modified polyvinyl alcohol fiber; regenerated fiber such as viscose or cupra fiber and; semi-synthetic fiber such as cellulose acetate fiber. It is preferred that the substrate fiber fabric is made of polyester, polyamide or modified polyvinyl alcohol filaments or staple fibers. Especially, it is preferred that the substrate fiber fabric consists of water-isoluble or sparingly water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol filaments or fibers.This type of fiber fabric exhibits an excellent reflectivity of 60 to 70% to ultraviolet rays having a wave length of from 300 to 400 millimicrons. When this type of fiber fabric is employed as a substrate fiber fabric, it becomes possible to reduce the amount of the ultraviolet ray-reflecting agent to be contained in the white outer surface layer. Also, since the reflectivity of the modified polyvinyl alcohol substrate fiber fabric does not decrease by being repeatedly washed or laundered, the ultraviolet ray-reflecting effect of the substrate fiber fabric can be maintained constant even if the cover sheet material is subjected to repeated washing or laundering procedures.
In the case where the substrate sheet material is composed of a polymeric sheet or film, the sheet or film may be made of natural rubber; synthetic rubber, for example, polybutadiene, butadiene-styrene copolymer, butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer, polychloroprene, polyisoprene, polyisobutylene, isobutyleneisoprene copolymer, acrylic ester copolymer, polyurethene rubber, or chlororulfonated polyethylene, or; thermoplastic synthetic polymer, for example, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, or polyurethane.
The substrate sheet material preferably has a substantially colorless surface on which the outer surface layer on which the outer surface layer having the ultraviolet ray-reflecting property is formed.
The substrate sheet material may comprise at least one substantially colorless surface layer on at least one surface of a supporting sheet material.
The substantially colorless substrate surface layer may comprise a substantially colorless matrix material comprising at least one thermoplastic polymer material and titanium dioxide dispersed in the matrix material. The amount of titanium dioxide is preferably in a range of from 2 to 50%, more preferably, from 3 to 20%, based on the matrix material. The titanium dioxide is preferably in the form of fine particles preferably having a size of 1.0 micron or less, more preferably, from 0.2 to 0.6 microns.
The titanium dioxide may be either of the rutile or anatase type. Because of its whiteness and ultraviolet ray-reflecting properties, the anatase type of titanium oxide is preferred for the present invention.
The thermoplastic polymer matrix material in the substrate sheet material may be selected from the polymer materials usable for the outer surface layer containing the ultraviolet ray-reflecting agent.
It is preferred that the substrate sheet material exhibits such an excellent visible light-screening property that an 8-point type cannot be seen through the substrate sheet material in accordance with the method of JIS K-68 28, 4-10-2.
The substrate sheet material may contain one or more metal foils, for example, aluminium foil, laminated with the polymeric sheet or film and/or fiber fabric.
It is preferred that the surface of the substrate sheet material exhibits a high degree of whiteness.
In order to provide a white outer surface layer capable of reflecting ultraviolet rays, a film or sheet containing the ultravioiet ray-reflecting agent in the matrix material may be adhered to the white surface of the substrate sheet material by using a colorless adhesive or by a metal-bonding method.
Otherwise, a solution or dispersion of the mixture of the ultraviolet ray-reflecting agent and the matrix material is a medium may be applied to the white surface of the substrate sheet material or impregnated by the substrate sheet material and the solution or dispersion being then is solidified by removing the medium therefrom.
The thickness of the outer surface layer is preferably in a range of from 0.05 to 0.5 mm, more preferably, from 0.1 to 0.3 mm.
The white cover sheet material of the present invention exhibits not only an excellent whiteness but also an excellent reflectivity of 70% or more, usually, from 80 to 85% to ultraviolet rays having a wave length of from 300 to 400 millimicrons. Therefore, when the white cover sheet material of the present invention is placed on a snow surface, it is difficult to distinguish it from the snow surface not only with the naked eye, but also, with a ultraviolet ray-inspecting device.
In the cover sheet material of the present invention, the outer surface layer may contain, in addition to the white ultraviolet ray-reflecting agent, a white flame-retarding agent dispersed in the matrix material. The white flame-retarding agent may be selected from conventional white flameretarding agents unless the purpose of the present invention is hindered thereby. Usually, the white flame-retarding agent comprises diantimony trioxide which is effective for enhancing the flameretarding property of the sheet material without decreasing the whiteness and the ultraviolet rayreflecting property of the outer surface layer. The flame-retarding agent may be contained not only in the outer surface layer, but also, in the substrate sheet material.The amount of the flame-retarding agent, for example, diantimony trioxide, is preferably in a range of from 2 to 10%, more preferably, from 4 to 7%, based on the weight of the matrix material.
The substrate sheet material may contain an electro-conductive substance which is capable of reflecting electromagnetic waves usable for radar (radio direction-finding and ranging), unless the purpose of the present invention is hindered thereby. The electric conductive substance may be selected from fine wires of metals, for example, stainless steel, copper and aluminium, carbon fibers, graphite fibers, fine particles of metals, carbon and graphite.
The cover sheet material of the present invention may have various attachments, for example, threads, tapes, ropes and the like. Needless to say, it is necessary that each of the attachments has an outer surface layer containing the white ultraviolet ray-reflecting agent.
The following specific examples are presented for the purpose of clarifying the present invention.
In the examples, the reflectivities of sheet materials to ultraviolet rays and visible light were measured at wave lengths of 350 and 600 millimicrons, respectively, by using a spectrophotometer (Type 607 made by Hitachi, Japan).
EXAMPLES 1 AND 2
In each of Examples 1 and 2, a mixture having a composition as indicated in Table 1 was prepared.
The mixture was kneaded and formed into a sheet having a thickness of 0.1 mm by using a calender.
The resultant sheet exhibited properties indicated in Table 1.
TABLE 1
Example No.
Item Example 1 Example 2
Composition (part by weight)
Polyvinyl chloride 100 100 D.O.P. 75 75
Zirconium oxide 100 100
Diantimony trioxide 0 7 Zine stearate 3 3
Reflectivity to ultraviolet rays having a wave length of 350 m,u (%) 82 80
Flame retardancy (class) 2-nd class 1-st class
The flame retardancy was evaluated in accordance with JIS-Z-2 1 50-B, by heating for two minutes.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1
The same procedures as those described in Example 1 were carried out, except that no zirconium oxide was used. The resultant sheet was transparent and exhibited substantially no reflectivity to ultraviolet rays having a wave length of 350 millimicrons.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2
The same procedures as those described in Example 1 were carried out, except that the zirconium oxide was replaced by titanium dioxide. The resultant sheet exhibited an excellent whiteness. However, the sheet exhibited a very poor reflectivity of about 20% to ultraviolet rays having a wave length of 350 millimicrons, and, therefore, was easily distinguished from snow by means of ultraviolet ray inspection.
EXAMPLES 3 AND 4
In Example 3, the same white ultraviolet ray-reflecting sheet as that described in Example 1 was heat-bonded to a surface of a substrate woven fabric consisting of polyvinyl alcohol continuous filament yarns which had been modified by reacting with formaldehyde and which had the following structure:
240 denier/single yarn x 240 denier/single yarn
29 yarns/25.4 mm x 28 yarns/25.4 mm
The resultant composite sheet had a thickness of 0.22 mm and exhibited a reflectivity of 85% to ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 350 millimicrons and a second class flame retardancy.
In Example 4, the same procedures as those described in Example 3, except that the same white ultraviolet ray-reflecting sheet as that described in Example 2 was heat-bonded to the substrate woven fabric. The resultant composite sheet had a thickness of 0.2 mm and exhibited a reflectivity of 83% to the ultraviolet rays having a wave length of 350 millimicrons and a first class flame retardancy.
EXAMPLES 5 THROUGH 12
In each of the Examples 5 through 12, a mixture having a composition indicated in Table 2 was kneaded and formed into a sheet having a thickness of 0.1 mm by using a calender.
Both surfaces of a woven fabric consisting of polyethylene terephthalate fiber spun yarns and having a weight of 1 59 g/m2 and the following structure: 20/1 x20/1 92x55 were heat coated with the above-prepared sheet. The resultant composite sheet had a thickness of 0.58 mm and exhibited properties indicated in Table 2.
TABLE 2
Example No.
Item 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Composition
Polyvinyl chloride 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 D.O.P. 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 Zinc stearate 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 BaSO4 150 - - 100 - 100 50 50 MgCO3 - 70 - - 70 50 50 50
MgO - - 30 - - - 10 10
ZrO2 - - - 50 50 - -
Sb203 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 - Reflectivity (%) to
83 80 76 84 80 82 80 78 ultraviolet rays (*)1
Reflectivity (%) to
84 82 80 83 84 82 81 81 visible light (*)2
Light-screening property good good good good good good good good Flame-retardancy (class) 1-st 1-st 1-st 1-st 1-st 1-st 1-st 2-nd
Note: (*)1 -Wave length: 350 millimicrons (*)2 - Wave length: 600 millimicrons
EXAMPLES 13 THROUGH 22
Two types of white substrate sheets I and II were prepared from compositions indicated in Table 3 by using a calender.
TABLE 3
Composition (part by weight)
Component White sheet I White sheet II
Polyvinyl chlorids 100 100
D.O.P. 75 75
Titanium dioxide
Diantimony trioxide 0 7
Zine stearate 3 3
The resultant substrate sheets I and li had a thickness of 0.1 mm.
Separately, eight types of white ultraviolet ray-reflecting sheets A through H were prepared from compositions indicated in Table 4 by using a calender.
TABLE 4
Composition (part by weight)
Sheet
Sheet Sheet Sheet Sheet Sheet Sheet Sheet Sheet
Component A B C D E F G H
Polyvinyl chloride 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 D.O.P. 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75
BaSO4 5 25 60 100 100 - -
MgCO3 5 25 40 - - 80 - -
ZrO2 10 - - - - - 80
MgO 5 - - - - - - 30
Sb2O3 7 7 7 7 - 7 7 7
Zinc stearate 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
In each of the Examples 13 through 22, a specific substrate sheet indicated in Table 5 was heatbonded with a white ultraviolet ray-reflecting sheet as specified in Table 5, by using a calender.
TABLE 5
Combination
Example Substrate Ultraviolet ray
No. sheet absorbing sheet
13 11 A
14 " B
15 " C
16 " D
17 " E
18 I D
19 1 E
20 11 F
21 II G
22 11 H
The resultant composite sheets each had a thickness of 0.2 mm, and exhibited properties, as indicated in Table 6.
TABLE 6
Example Reflectivity to Reflectivity to Flame
No. Ultraviolet ray('*)1 visible light retardance 13.. 78 87 It class 14 80 85
15 82 85
16 82 85
17 82 85
18 82 85
19 82 85 2-nd class
20 84 85 1-st class
21 85 88
22 78 80
EXAMPLE 23 THROUGH 29 AND COMPARISON EXAMPLE 3
In each of the Examples 23 through 29 and Comparison Example 3, an aqueous suspension having a composition indicated in Table 7 was prepared.
TABLE 7
Composition (part by weight)
Example
Example Comparison
No. 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Example 3
(Component)
ZrO2 50 - - - 30 40 30
BaSO4 - 50 - - 20 - - -
MgO - - 50 - - 10 - -
MgCO3 - - - 50 - - 20 - TiO2 - - - - - - - 50
Water 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Primal HA--8(*)1 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
Note (1): (*)1 . . .An emulsion of a polyacrylic ester having a concentration of 40% by weight
Note (2): The viscosity of each suspension was adjusted to 2,500 c poises by using a small amount of a
ammonia solution.
A plain weave fabric consisting of polyethylene terephthalate spun yarns and having a weight of 195 g/m2 and the following structure:
20/1 x 20/1
92x55 was scoured and bleached by an ordinary process and, then, dried. The dried fabric was immersed in the above-mentioned aqueous suspension, squeezed with a mangle in such a manner that the fabric is impregnated with a portion of the suspension in an amount corresponding to about 70% of the weight of the fabric, dried at a temperature of 1 000C and, finally, heated at a temperature of 1 500C for two minutes to heat-set the fabric and the polyacrylic ester emulsion on the fabric.
The results are indicated in Table 8.
TABLE 8
Reflectivity (%) to Reflectivity (%) to
Example ultraviolet rays visible light
No. (350 my) (600 my) Example
23 82 87
24 80 84
25 80 82
26 85 80
27 80 84
28 81 84
29 83 82
Comparison
Example 3 10 90
EXAMPLE 30
The same procedures as those described in Example 26 were carried out, except that the aqueous suspension contained, as an additive, 10 parts by weight of dianitimony trioxide and the polyethylene terephthalate fabric was replaced by a plain weave fabric consisting of polyvinyl alcohol fiber spun yarns which had been water-insolubilized by treating it with formaldehyde, and having the following structure: : 20/1 x20/1
92 x 55 The resulting sheet exhibited a reflectivity of 87% to ultraviolet rays (350 millimicrons), and a reflectivity of 80% to visible light (600 millimicrons), and the flame retardancy of the sheet was first class.
The water-insolubilized polyvinyl alcohol fiber fabric per se exhibited a reflectivity of about 60% to ultraviolet rays (350 millimicrons).
EXAMPLE 31
The same procedures as those described in Example 30 were carried out, except that the waterinsolubilized polyvinyl alcohol fiber fabric is replaced by nylon 6 fiber fabric. The results were the same as those of Example 30.
Claims (14)
1. A white cover sheet material capable of reflecting ultraviolet rays, at least one outer surface layer of which comprises:
(A) a substantially colorless matrix material comprising at least one thermoplastic polymer material and,
(B) a white ultraviolet ray-reflecting agent dispersed in said matrix material and comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of zirconium oxide (ZrO2), barium sulfate (BaSO4X, magnesium oxide (MgO) and magnesium carbonate (MgCO3).
2. A white cover sheet material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the amount of said white ultraviolet ray-reflecting agent is in a range of from 20 to 200% based on the weight of said matrix material in said outer surface layer.
3. A white cover sheet material as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein said thermoplastic polymer material is selected from the group consisting of natural rubbers, synthetic rubbers, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymers and polyurethane resins.
4. A white cover sheet material as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said white ultraviolet ray-reflecting agent is in the forum of fine particles having an 100 mesh size or smaller.
5. A white cover sheet material as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein said outer surface layer is in the form of a film.
6. A white cover sheet material as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein said outer surface layer is in the form of a fiber fabric.
7. A white cover sheet material as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein said outer surface layer is formed on at least one surface of a substrate sheet layer.
8. A white cover sheet material as claimed in claim 7, wherein said surface of said substrate sheet layer is substantially colorless.
9. A white cover sheet material as claimed in claim 8, wherein said substrate sheet layer comprises at least one substantially colorless surface layer formed on at least one surface of a supporting sheet material.
10. A white cover sheet material as claimed in claim 8 or claim 9, wherein said substantially colorless surface layer comprises a substantially colorless matrix material comprising at least one thermoplastic polymer material, and titanium dioxide dispersed in said matrix material.
11. A white cover sheet material as claimed in any one of claims 7 to 10, wherein said substrate sheet layer is a fiber fabric.
12. A white cover sheet material as claimed in claim 11, wherein said fiber fabric exhibits a reflectivity of 60% or more for ultraviolet rays having a wave length of 360 millimicrons.
1 3. A white cover sheet material as claimed in claim 11 or claim 12, wherein said fiber fabric is composed of polyvinyl alcohol fibers which have been modified to be water-insoluble or sparingly water-soluble.
14. A white cover sheet material as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein said outer surface layer contains, in addition to said white ultraviolet ray-reflecting agent, a white flame-retarding agent dispersed in said matrix material.
1 5. A white cover sheet material as claimed in claim 14, wherein said white flame-retarding agent is diantimony trioxide.
1 6. A white cover sheet material as claimed in any one of claims 7 to 1 5, wherein said substrate sheet layer comprises an electro-conductive substance effective for reflecting electromagnetic waves usable for radar.
1 7. A white cover sheet material as claimed in any one of claims 7 to 16, wherein said substrate sheet layer contains a flame-retarding agent.
1 8. A white cover sheet material as claimed in claim 1, substantially as described in any one of the examples herein.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP14380079A JPS5667364A (en) | 1979-11-08 | 1979-11-08 | White reflecting sheet |
| JP448980A JPS56101848A (en) | 1980-01-21 | 1980-01-21 | White reflecting sheet |
| JP449080A JPS56101849A (en) | 1980-01-21 | 1980-01-21 | White reflecting composite sheet |
| JP1196980A JPS607752B2 (en) | 1980-02-05 | 1980-02-05 | White UV reflective yarn structure |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2065139A true GB2065139A (en) | 1981-06-24 |
| GB2065139B GB2065139B (en) | 1984-01-11 |
Family
ID=27454094
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8035152A Expired GB2065139B (en) | 1979-11-08 | 1980-10-31 | White cover sheet material capable of reflecting ultraviolet rays |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1152678A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3041797A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2469689A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2065139B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL182088C (en) |
| NO (1) | NO166015C (en) |
| SE (1) | SE8007766L (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2529317A1 (en) * | 1982-06-24 | 1983-12-30 | Pirelli | CAMOUFLAGE COVER FOR SNOW PLOTS |
| FR2644172A1 (en) * | 1989-03-04 | 1990-09-14 | Tioxide Group Plc | COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING POLYMER GRANULES AND PAINTS CONTAINING THE COMPOSITIONS |
| WO2000061851A1 (en) * | 1999-04-12 | 2000-10-19 | Isolyser Company, Inc. | Poly(vinyl alcohol) wipes |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3810121A1 (en) * | 1988-03-25 | 1989-10-05 | Hornschuch Ag K | Camouflage net and method for its production |
| IT1230591B (en) * | 1988-10-21 | 1991-10-28 | Moldip Spa | CAMOUFLAGE COVER AND PROCEDURE FOR ITS MANUFACTURE. |
| JP6035618B2 (en) | 2012-06-04 | 2016-11-30 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | Multilayer film and photovoltaic module |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3300325A (en) * | 1962-04-03 | 1967-01-24 | K B Svensk Fargindustri Lundin | Camouflage paint reflecting ultraviolet light for use in snowy country |
| FR1358684A (en) * | 1963-04-03 | 1964-04-17 | Kommanditbolaget Svenske Fargi | Camouflage paint reflecting ultra-violet light and suitable for winter use |
| CA1070004A (en) * | 1975-04-16 | 1980-01-15 | Barracudaverken Ab | Camouflage material |
-
1980
- 1980-10-31 GB GB8035152A patent/GB2065139B/en not_active Expired
- 1980-11-05 SE SE8007766A patent/SE8007766L/en unknown
- 1980-11-06 DE DE19803041797 patent/DE3041797A1/en active Granted
- 1980-11-07 CA CA000364224A patent/CA1152678A/en not_active Expired
- 1980-11-07 NL NLAANVRAGE8006085,A patent/NL182088C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-11-07 NO NO803359A patent/NO166015C/en unknown
- 1980-11-10 FR FR8023962A patent/FR2469689A1/en active Granted
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2529317A1 (en) * | 1982-06-24 | 1983-12-30 | Pirelli | CAMOUFLAGE COVER FOR SNOW PLOTS |
| FR2644172A1 (en) * | 1989-03-04 | 1990-09-14 | Tioxide Group Plc | COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING POLYMER GRANULES AND PAINTS CONTAINING THE COMPOSITIONS |
| GB2229726A (en) * | 1989-03-04 | 1990-10-03 | Tioxide Group Plc | Polymer granules and compositions containing them |
| US5055513A (en) * | 1989-03-04 | 1991-10-08 | Tioxide Group Plc | Polymer granules and compositions containing them |
| GB2229726B (en) * | 1989-03-04 | 1992-04-08 | Tioxide Group Plc | Polymer granules and compositions containing them |
| US6420284B1 (en) | 1999-03-26 | 2002-07-16 | Isolyser Company, Inc. | Poly (vinyl alcohol) wipes |
| WO2000061851A1 (en) * | 1999-04-12 | 2000-10-19 | Isolyser Company, Inc. | Poly(vinyl alcohol) wipes |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL182088B (en) | 1987-08-03 |
| FR2469689B1 (en) | 1984-08-10 |
| SE8007766L (en) | 1981-05-09 |
| NL8006085A (en) | 1981-06-01 |
| NO166015B (en) | 1991-02-04 |
| FR2469689A1 (en) | 1981-05-22 |
| NO166015C (en) | 1991-05-15 |
| CA1152678A (en) | 1983-08-23 |
| NO803359L (en) | 1981-05-11 |
| DE3041797A1 (en) | 1981-05-21 |
| GB2065139B (en) | 1984-01-11 |
| DE3041797C2 (en) | 1991-05-23 |
| NL182088C (en) | 1988-01-04 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19981031 |