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GB2061818A - Fire blanket material - Google Patents

Fire blanket material Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2061818A
GB2061818A GB7936906A GB7936906A GB2061818A GB 2061818 A GB2061818 A GB 2061818A GB 7936906 A GB7936906 A GB 7936906A GB 7936906 A GB7936906 A GB 7936906A GB 2061818 A GB2061818 A GB 2061818A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
layer
fire blanket
material according
blanket material
fire
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB7936906A
Other versions
GB2061818B (en
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
COOPER WHITEHEAD Ltd
Original Assignee
COOPER WHITEHEAD Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by COOPER WHITEHEAD Ltd filed Critical COOPER WHITEHEAD Ltd
Priority to GB7936906A priority Critical patent/GB2061818B/en
Publication of GB2061818A publication Critical patent/GB2061818A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2061818B publication Critical patent/GB2061818B/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62CFIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C8/00Hand tools or accessories specially adapted for fire-fighting, e.g. tool boxes
    • A62C8/06Fire-blankets
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/14Layered products comprising a layer of metal next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/20Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising aluminium or copper
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/12Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/08Interconnection of layers by mechanical means
    • B32B7/09Interconnection of layers by mechanical means by stitching, needling or sewing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/42Alternating layers, e.g. ABAB(C), AABBAABB(C)
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/306Resistant to heat
    • B32B2307/3065Flame resistant or retardant, fire resistant or retardant
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70Other properties
    • B32B2307/724Permeability to gases, adsorption
    • B32B2307/7242Non-permeable

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

The material comprises a first, gas impermeable, layer e.g. a metallised polymer film or a metal foil, and a flame-proof second layer which is gas permeable or which, if gas impermeable, is one capable of becoming gas permeable under the effect of combustion gases of a fire. Such a layer may be constituted by a fibre felt e.g. of viscose and wool, which has been flame proofed. The two layers are secured together so that on passage of combustion gases through the second layer from the side thereof remote from the first layer, separations form between the two layers. Preferably the separations form passageways to vent the gases at the edges of a fire blanket made from the material; the area of the blanket and the heat capacity of the material being chosen so that the gases by the time they are vented are cooled to a temperature below that at which chip pan fat vapours spontaneously ignite.

Description

SPECIFICATION Fire blanket material The present invention relates to a fire blanket material.
One of the most serious domestic fire hazards is that of a chip pan fire in which the fire is caused by self-ignition of the vapours. A fire of this kind is so fierce that heretofore no material has been available to provide, at least at feasible cost, a fire blanket capable of extinguishing the fire.
It is an object of the present invention to provide such a material.
Since a material of the present invention is considered to be especially useful for extinguishing a self-ignited chip-pan fire, it will be described with reference to such use.
The material of the invention provides a first, gas permeable, layer and a second, gas impermeable, layer. The former is intended to be placed on the chip pan, that is, to be placed on the flames and, at least at the temperatures to which it is submitted in use, to pass the fat vapours and combustion products (hereinafter referred to as gases) through it. The two layers are held together so that on such admission of the gases separations form between the two layers to receive the gases.
It has been discovered that this basic construction greatly increases the ability of the material to smother the fire for a sufficient time to prevent re-ignition of the fat vapours.
The permeable layer should have inherent flame proofing properties e.g. such as would be provided by fibre glass, or it should be capable of impregnation with, and be impregnated with, a flame-proofing agent.
Preferably, the two layers are held together so that the separations form one or more passageways for the gases to vent them at the edges of the fire blanket; the area of the fire blanket and the heat capacity thereof being chosen so that the gases in passing between the two layers are cooled sufficiently by the time they are vented to prevent spontaneous re-ignition of the fat vapours.
It is also preferred that the gas permeable layer be replicated e.g. triplicated, with the replicated layers being held together in the specified manner, that is, to form separations between each two adjacent layers on admission of the gases through one of them.
In one example of the present invention, a fire blanket was made up of three layers of a viscose and wool felt of some 1 mm thick and of a density of some 0.2 g/cc, and a layer of an aluminium metallized polyester film; the former constituting the gas permeable layers, and the latter, the gas impermeable layer. The three layers of felt had been conventionally flame proofed; and they and the permeable layer were held together at their edges, in this instance by wire staples.
This fire blanket, even though consisting of materials which in themselves have a quite poor fire resistance, nevertheless showed a remarkable fire resistance. A sample of it was submitted to the hot-test part of the blue flame of a bunsen burner, but the flame failed to burn through the material after an interval of some four minutes.
Textile materials other than felt may be used, for instance, cotton fabric of the kind used in making shirts and sheets; and it may be practicable to use paper or polymer films such as PTFE or silicone rubber; and the impermeable layer may be constituted by metal foil or metallized films metallized with other than aluminium or by non-metallized polymer films such as polyester and polyvinyl chloride. Further, the impermeable layer need not be an exterior layer. For instance, in using a plurality of permeable layers, each permeable layer could be faced with an impermeable layer rather than with another permeable layer so that the material consists of alternate permeable and impermeable layers.
This embodiment is based on the realisation that although gas impermeable materials such as exemplified above, will retain their integrity, and thus their impermeability, when acted on directly by the fat vapours, they will do this for a limited time only. Thus, the embodiment provides initially a series of gas barriers constituted by the impermeable layers, the first of which breaks down under the action of the fat vapours and then acts as a gas permeable layer to pass the fat vapours to the next barrier which may or may not, depending on the severity of the fire, itself break down again to form a gas permeable layer whereupon the next barrier is then brought into action and so on.
By this means, the fat vapours can be cooled to such an extent that, if they were to get through to the exterior impermeable layer, they would no longer be hot enough to cause disintegration thereof.
It follows from this that the fire blanket layers could all consist of the same material; the material initially being gas-impermeable but becoming permeable under the direct action of the fat vapours, for instance, by carbonization.
It is, however, advantageous to use a layer which will shrink or otherwise distort under the heat of the gases since this promotes formation of the separations between adjacent layers and, in the case of the preferred embodiments, the formation of the gas passage or passages. The distortion of the layer can also be by means of foaming or otherwise expanding the material to increase the effective thickness of the blanket when submitted to the temperatures encountered in use of the blanket.
The layers may be held together in the required manner by stitching with a suitable thread; and the stitching may be effected so that one layer is stitched to an adjacent layer which, in turn, is then stitched to a next adjacent layer. The thread employed may be heat-destructible such as one made of a lowtemperature thermoplastics material, or of cotton or of polyester.
Alternatively, adhesive could be used, e.g.
by "spotting" one layer with adhesive and then applying the adjacent layer to the spots of adhesive.
Alternatively, in the case where felt is employed as a permeable layer, needle punching could be used to drive fibres of one layer into another.
The fact that the layers need to be held together so as to permit separations to form between adjacent layers, is in itself an advantage since it means the composite structure is not appreciably stiffened by the securing means as it would be if all the layers were held together over the entirety of their surfaces; a flexibility is important in a fire blanket so that it may be draped over the source of the fire.

Claims (23)

1. A fire blanket material comprising a first, gas impermeable, layer and a flame proof second layer which is less permeable or which, if gas impermeable, is one capable of becoming gas permeable under the effect of the heat of combustion gases of a fire; the layers being secured together so that, on passage of combustion gases through the second layer from the side thereof remote from the first layer separations form between the two layers.
2. A fire blanket material according to claim 1, wherein the second layer is inherently flame proof.
3. A fire blanket material according to claim 1, wherein the second layer is other than inherently flame proof, but is capable of impregnation with, and is impregnated with, a flame-proofing agent.
4. A fire blanket material according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the two layers are held together so that, on said passage of gases, the separations form passageways for the gases to vent them at edges of the layers.
5. A fire blanket material according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the second layer is replicated with the additional layers being secured together to form separations between the or each two adjacent additional layers on the admission of gases through one of them.
6. A fire blanket material according to claim 5, wherein the second layer is triplicated.
7. A fire blanket material according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the first and the or a second layer is such as to shrink or otherwise distort under the effect of heat so as to promote formation of the separations.
8. A fire blanket material according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the or a second layer comprises a fibre felt.
9. A fire blanket material according to claim 8, wherein the fibre felt is of viscose and wool and the layer thereof is substantially 1 mm thick and of a density of 0.2 g/cc.
10. A fire blanket material according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the or a second layer comprises paper or a polymer film or a closely woven cotton fabric.
11. A fire blanket material according to claim 10, wherein the polymer film is PTFE or a silicone rubber.
1 2. A fire blanket material according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the first layer comprises a metal foil or a metallised polymer film or gas impermeable polymer film.
1 3. A fire blanket material according to claim 12, wherein the metal foil and the metal of the metallised film are aluminium.
14. A fire blanket material according to claim 12, wherein the polymer film is a polyester or a polyvinyl chloride.
1 5. A fire blanket material according to any of the preceding claims, comprising a plurality of each of the first and second layers arranged alternately.
1 6. A fire blanket material according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the material comprises means for foaming or otherwise expanding the material under the effect of heat.
1 7. A fire blanket material according to any of the preceding claims, wherein adjacent layers are stitched together.
18. A fire blanket material according to claim 1 7, wherein the thread employed is heat destructible.
1 9. A fire blanket material according to any of preceding claims 1 to 1 6, wherein adjacent layers are secured together by adhesive.
20. A fire blanket according to claim 8 or any of preceding claims 9 to 1 6 as dependent thereon, wherein a felt layer and an adjacent layer are secured together by needle punching fibres of the felt into the adjacent layer.
21. A fire blanket material substantially as herein before specifically described and exem plified.
22. A fire blanket formed of a material according to any of the preceding claims.
23. A fire blanket formed of a material as claimed in claim 4 or any of claims 5 to 20 as dependent thereon, for use in extinguishing a self-ignited chip pan fire, wherein the area of the blanket and its heat capacity are such that the fat vapours in passing through said passageways are cooled sufficiently by the time they are vented from the blanket to prevent their spontaneously re-ignition.
GB7936906A 1979-10-24 1979-10-24 Fire blanket material Expired GB2061818B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB7936906A GB2061818B (en) 1979-10-24 1979-10-24 Fire blanket material

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB7936906A GB2061818B (en) 1979-10-24 1979-10-24 Fire blanket material

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB2061818A true GB2061818A (en) 1981-05-20
GB2061818B GB2061818B (en) 1983-04-07

Family

ID=10508746

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB7936906A Expired GB2061818B (en) 1979-10-24 1979-10-24 Fire blanket material

Country Status (1)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2172849A (en) * 1985-03-05 1986-10-01 Early S Of Witney Plc Fire barrier material
US7416222B2 (en) 2001-01-17 2008-08-26 Megaprint Group Limited Folding card
EP2065076A4 (en) * 2006-05-31 2010-01-13 Teruel Valentin Ortiz Multilayer fire-barrier canvases
GB2542344A (en) * 2015-09-14 2017-03-22 Sterling Textiles Ltd Vinyl-coated material and method of manufacture thereof

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4400420A (en) 1982-06-01 1983-08-23 The Boeing Company Drip shield and thermal insulation cover

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2172849A (en) * 1985-03-05 1986-10-01 Early S Of Witney Plc Fire barrier material
GB2172849B (en) * 1985-03-05 1989-08-09 Early S Of Witney Plc Fire barrier material
US7416222B2 (en) 2001-01-17 2008-08-26 Megaprint Group Limited Folding card
EP2065076A4 (en) * 2006-05-31 2010-01-13 Teruel Valentin Ortiz Multilayer fire-barrier canvases
GB2542344A (en) * 2015-09-14 2017-03-22 Sterling Textiles Ltd Vinyl-coated material and method of manufacture thereof
GB2542344B (en) * 2015-09-14 2022-03-23 Louise Humphries Vinyl-coated material and method of manufacture thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2061818B (en) 1983-04-07

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PCNP Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee