GB2054026A

GB2054026A - Plastic ligating clamps

Info

Publication number: GB2054026A
Application number: GB8019818A
Authority: GB
Original assignee: Ethicon Inc
Current assignee: Ethicon Inc
Priority date: 1979-06-18
Filing date: 1980-06-17
Publication date: 1981-02-11
Also published as: DE3022087C2; FR2459038A1; SU1113004A3; NL190980B; NL190980C; BR8003750A; ATA319680A; ES265656Y; DE3022087A1; JPS563048A; SE449295B; GB2054026B; IN151996B; HK44783A; MY8400249A; CH648476A5; CA1157334A; NL8003418A; ES265371U; AT389043B

Abstract

Plastic ligating clamps of absorbable or nonabsorbable materials are formed by two legs 11, 12 joined with a resilient hinge 13. One leg terminates in a hook member 14 which secures the other leg when the clamp is closed. Each leg of the clamp is provided with a raised cylindrical boss 21, 22 extending across its width near the distal end. The clamp applier is a forceps-type instrument having jaws 34, 35 especially adapted by channels 38, 39 to accept the bosses 21, 22 thus holding the clamp in the jaws whilst permitting the necessary rotary motion during closing of the clamp. <IMAGE>

Description

SPECIFICATION Plastic ligating clips Background of the invention The present invention relates to hemostatic clips and clip appliers, and, more particularly, to hemostatic clips fabricated from absorbable or nonabsorbable polymeric materials and to instruments for applying such clips to blood vessels and the like.

Hemostatic clips are utilized in surgical procedures to close severed blood vessels and other small fluid ducts. In the past, hemostatic clips have been narrow U-shaped or V-shaped strips formed of tantalum or stainless steel which are capable of being deformed and possess sufficient strength to retain the deformation when clamped about a blood vessel. The clips are generally applied using a forceps-type device having jaws channeled or otherwise adapted to hold the open clip, Representative hemostatic clips and appliers of the prior art are best illustrated in U.S. Patents Nos. 3,867,944; 3,631,707; 3,439,523; 3,439, 522; 3,363, 628; 3,312,216; and 3,270,745.

It has been suggested in the prior art, as in U.S.

Patent No. 3,439,523, for example, that hemostatic clips might be formed of inexpensive plastics or materials which are slowly absorbable in the body. Unfortunately, conventional U- and V-shaped hemostatic clips do not possess the required strength or deformability when constructed of known plastic materials to be successfully clamped about a blood vessel. Thus, although the need and desirability of providing inexpensive plastic ligating clips of both absorbable and nonabsorbable materials has been recognized for over ten years, there has been no practical way to satisfy this need.

U.S. 3,926,195 describes a small, plastic clip designed for the temporary or permanent close of the oviduct and vas deferens in humans. These clips preferably have a clamping surface of from 6 to 10 mm in length and 3 to 6 mm in width. The size of such clips are accordingly considerably larger than is desirable for hemostatic clips.

Additionally, clips of U.S. 3,926,195 require the use of several complex tools to apply the clips which are acceptable for the purposes described in the reference but would be unacceptable in a surgical procedure requiring the rapid placement of a large number of hemostatic clips to stem the flow of blood from severed vessels.

It is accordingly an object of the present invention to provide a plastic ligating clip effective for clamping off small blood vessels and other fluid ducts in the body. It is a further object of this invention to provide plastic ligating clips of both absorbable and nonabsorbable materials. It is yet a further object of this invention to provide plastic ligating clips which are quickly and easily applied to severed blood vessels and other fluid ducts with a single forceps-type instrument used in applying metallic clips.

Summary The ligating clips of the present invention comprise two legs joined at the proximal ends thereof along a line forming a resilient hinge, with the first leg terminating in a deflectable hook member adapted to engage the distal end of the second leg. Each leg is provided with a raised, cylindrical boss extending across the width of the leg near the distal end thereof. The boss on the second leg is spaced from the distal end thereof by a distance equal to the depth of the hook member of the first leg. The boss on the first leg is aligned with the boss on the second leg so that the major axis along the length of the clip is normal to the minor axis extending through each boss when the clip is closed and locked.

The applier for the clips of the present invention is a forceps-type instrument wherein each jaw is channeled to receive the width and length of the clip and a cylindrical recess is provided across the base of each channel to receive the boss on each leg of the clip. The depth of the channel in each jaw forward of the cylindrical recess (between the cylindrical recess and the tip of the jaw) is greater than to the rear of the cylindrical recess. When the open clip is placed between the jaws of the applier, it is held firmly in place with the boss of each leg in the recess of each jaw. As the jaws are closed, the boss of each leg rotates in the recess of the jaw until the distal end of the second leg bypasses and locks under the hook member of the first leg.

The clips may be formed of plastic by injection molding or other suitable technique, and may be composed of a nonabsorbable material such as polypropylene or an absorbable material such as a homopolymer or copolymer of lactide and glycolide. The clips are formed in a normally open position and constructed with a small amount of material to minimize tissue reaction. The clips are readily applied with a forceps-type applier using conventional surgical techniques.

Description of drawings FIGURE 1 is a greatly enlarged view in perspective of a surgical clip according to the present invention.

FIGURE 2 illustrates the clip of FIGURE 1 clamped about a blood vessel.

FIGURE 3 illustrates a forceps-type applier useful with the clips of the present invention.

FIGURE 4 illustrates the open clip of FIGURE 1 retained in the jaws of a forceps-type clip applier.

FIGURE 5 illustrates the clip of FIGURE 4 closed and locked over a blood vessel in the jaws of the applier.

Description of preferred embodiments Referring now to FIGURE 1, there is illustrated hemostatic clip 10 constructed of two leg segments 11 and 12 connected at the proximal ends thereof by hinge section 13. Leg 11 terminates at the distal end thereof in hook# member 14 having inner face 1 5 substantially parallel to inner face 1 6 of leg 11 and forming an acute angle with end face 17. Leg member 12 terminates at the distal end in end face 19 which forms an obtuse angle with inner face 1 8 of leg 12. End face 19 is offset at 23 to form a notch approximately midway between surfaces 18 and 20, and additionally is squared off at face 25 to form a substantially right angle with surface 20.

The length and width of faces 16 and 18 are substantially equal, and face 15 of hook 14 is spaced from face 16 of leg 11 by a distance corresponding to the thickness of leg 12 between the plane of face 18 and surface 20. When legs 11 and 12 are pivoted about hinge 13 to bring faces 18 and 16 into opposition, hook 14 is deflected by surface 19 of leg 12 until the distal end of leg 12 snaps under hook 14 and is thereby locked in place. End face 17 of hook 14 and end face 19 of leg 12 are angled as illustrated to facilitate the passage of leg 12 past hook 14 during clip closure.

When the clip is closed over a tubular vessel as illustrated in FIGURE 2, surfaces 16 and 18 engage and compress vessel 27 to close the lumen thereof. Surfaces 16 and 18 may be smooth as illustrated in FIGURE 1, or may be provided with ridges or grooves to increase vessel holding power. Leg 11 may also be undercut at the juncture of hook member 14 and surface 16 as illustrated at 26 in FIGURE 1 to increase the deflectability of hook member 14 and increase the space between the hook member 14 and leg 11, thereby compensating for any inward deflection of hook 14 during closure which might reduce the clearance between surfaces 15 and 16 and otherwise interfere with the latching of the clip.

Referring again to FIGURE 1, leg 12 of clip 10 includes an outside cylindrical boss 21 extending across the width of the leg near the distal end thereof. Boss 21 is spaced from surface 25 a distance sufficient to permit full engagement of hook member 14 by leg 12 when the clip is in a closed and latched position. Cylindrical bosses 21 and 22 are equidistant from hinge means 13 so that when the clip is closed, bosses 21 and 22 define a line perpendicular to the major axis along the length of the clip as best illustrated in FIGURE 5.

The distal end of leg 12 forward of lug 21 is of reduced thickness relative to the thickness immediately to the rear of lug 21 , thereby forming step 24 between lug 21 and surface 20. The significance of this clip configuration will be appreciated in connection with the instrument used to apply and close the clip as illustrated in FIGURES 3 through 5.

FIGURE 3 illustrates a forceps-type ligating clip applier 30 comprising two handle members 31 and 32 crossing at hinge point 33 and maintained in a normally open position by spring 38. Handle 31 extends beyond hinge 33 forming jaw member 34 while the extension of handle 32 forms jaw member 35.

FIGURE 4 illustrates the detail of the construction of jaws 34 and 35 and the interaction of the jaws with the clip of FIGURE 1.

Jaws 34 and 35 are of identical design and are provided respectively with channels 36 and 37 extending rearwardly from the tips of the jaws.

Each channel is provided with a cylindrical recess 38 and 39 respectively across the width of the channel and near the distal end thereof. Recesses 38 and 39 are in alignment when the jaws of the applier are closed and are sized to receive the cylindrical lugs 21 and 22 of the clip. Channels 36 and 37 forward of recesses 38 and 39 are deeper than to the rear of the recesses as illustrated in FIGURE 4. When the open clip is held in the applier, the cylindrical lugs on the clip extend into the cylindrical recesses in each jaw. Due to the angle of the clip in the applier, the distal ends of legs 11 and 12 extend into the deeper forward channel section of each jaw. The reduced thickness of leg 12 at the distal tip prevents interference between the tip and the channel of the applier when the clip is held in the open position as illustrated in FIGURE 4.

Clip 10 is initially loaded in applier 30 in the open position as illustrated in FIGURE 4. After moving the jaws of the applier and the clip into position over the vessel to be ligated, the jaws of the applier are closed and the clip is locked in position over the vessel as illustrated in FIGURE 5.

As the clip is closed, the cylindrical lugs of legs 11 and 12 rotate in the cylindrical recesses of jaws 37 and 36 until the outer surface of leg 12 rests on the base of channel 36 as illustrated in FIGURE 5. At this point, the distal end of leg 12 has rotated away from the base of the channel and sufficient space exists for hook 314 to bypass leg 12 and latch over the outer surface thereof. After the clip has been securely latched over the vessel to be ligated, the jaws of the applier are opened to release the clip and vessel and a new clip is loaded in the applier. Since the jaws of the applier are identical, it is not necessary to orient the applier to the clip when loading the applier.

Many variations in the clip design other than the embodiments disclosed herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art and are contemplated within the scope of the present invention. For example, the undercut at the juncture of hook 14 and surface 16 of leg 11 may be omitted, and the inner surface of leg 12 may be beveled at the distal end as indicated by broken line a in FIGURE 1 to compensate for downward deflection of hook 14 during closure which might reduce the clearance under face 1 5 and interfere with the latching of leg 12. Offset 23 in end face 19 of leg 12 provides an intermediate latching position and effectively increases the length of face 18 at the distal end of leg 12, but may be omitted if desired. These and other modifications in the configuration of the clip may be employed without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

The clips of the present invention may be constructed in various sizes according to their intended function. Hemostatic clips are typically less than 6 mm in length, about 1.5 mm in width, and have a vessel clamping surface about 3 mm in length. The dimensions of the clip may be reduced by about 50 percent for certain applications in microsurgery. Larger clips for special hemostatic applications and other functions such as closure of oviducts or vas deferens may have dimensions of about double those of a typical hemostatic clip.

The various sizes of clips are preferably matched with individual appliers having jaws tailored to the size of the clip for best performance.

The clips of the present invention are most conveniently molded of biologically acceptable plastic materials which may be absorbable or nonabsorbable. Preferred absorbable polymers include homopolymers and copolymers of glycolide and lactide, and poly(p-dioxanone).

Preferred nonabsorbable polymers include nylon and polypropylene. All these materials have been demonstrated to be biologically acceptable when used as sutures or other implantable medical devices. The clips may also be cast or machined from solid polymeric materials or from metals such as aluminum, magnesium, stainless steel, tantalum, and various alloys of these, some of which may also be absorbable in biological tissue.

Claims

1. A hemostatic clip comprising first and second leg members joined at their proximal ends by resilient hinge means and terminating at their distal ends in latch means, each leg member having a vessel clamping inner face in opposition to a vessel clamping inner face of the other leg member; said first leg member terminating at the distal end thereof in a deflectable hook member extending from the inner face of said leg member, said hook member having an inner face spaced from and substantially parallel to the inner face of said leg member, said leg member including an outer raised cylindrical boss extending across the width of the leg member and spaced from the proximal end thereof;; said second leg member terminating at the distal end thereof in a surface adapted to deflect said hook member and enter said space between the inner face of said hook member and the inner face of said first leg member, said second leg member including an outer raised cylindrical boss extending across the width of the leg member and spaced from the distal and proximal ends thereof; whereby when said first and second leg members are pivoted about said hinge means, the distal end of said second leg member deflects and engages the hook member of the first leg member to lock the clip in a closed position.

2. The hemostatic clip of Claim 1 wherein the distal end of said second leg member terminates in a surface defining an obtuse angle with the inner face thereof.

3. The hemostatic clip of Claim 2 wherein said surface at the distal end of said second leg member is notched.

4. The hemostatic clip of Claim 1 wherein the raised cylindrical boss of said second leg member is spaced from the distal end of said leg member by a distance corresponding to the length of the inner surface of said hook member.

5. The hemostatic clip of Claim 4 wherein the raised cylindrical bosses of said first and second leg members are spaced equidistantly from said hinge means at the proximal ends thereof.

6. The hemostatic clip of Claim 5 wherein said hinge means is defined by a line of minimum clip thickness at the juncture of the inner faces of said first and second leg members.

7. The hemostatic clip of Claim 5 wherein said hook member is spaced from the plane of said inner face of said first leg member by a distance equal to the thickness of the distal end of said second leg member forward of said cylindrical boss.

8. The hemostatic clip of Claim 7 wherein the thickness of the distal end of said second leg member is reduced forward of said cylindrical boss thereby forming a step on the outside surface of said leg member.

9. The hemostatic clip of Claim 5 wherein said inner face of said second leg member is beveled at the distal end to decrease the thickness thereof.

10. The hemostatic clip of Claim 9 wherein said hook member is spaced from the plane of the inner face of said first leg member by a distance corresponding to the unbeveled thickness of the distal end of said second leg member forward of said cylindrical boss.

11. The hemostatic clip of Claim 1 wherein said first leg member is under-cut at the juncture of said hook member and said inner face of said inner face of said leg member.

12. A hemostatic clip comprising first and second leg members joined at their proximal ends by resilient hinge means and terminating at their distal ends in latch means, each leg member having a vessel clamping inner face in opposition to a vessel clamping inner face of the other leg member; said first leg member terminating at the distal end thereof in a deflectable hood member extending from the inner face of said leg member, said hook member having an inner face spaced from and substantially parallel to the inner face of said leg member, said leg member including a raised cylindrical boss extending across the width of the leg member on the outer surface thereof and spaced from the proximal end thereof;; said second leg member terminating at the distal end thereof in a surface defining an obtuse angle with the plane of said vessel clamping inner face of said leg member, the thickness of said distal end of said leg member normal to the plane of said inner face corresponding to the spacing of the inner face of said hook member from the inner face of said first leg member, said second leg member including a raised cylindrical boss extending across the width of the leg member on the outer surface thereof and spaced from the distal and proximal ends thereof;; whereby, when said first and second leg members are pivoted about said resilient hinge means, the distal end of said second leg member deflects said hook member and enters between the inner face of said hook member and the inner face of said first leg member and is retained therein to maintain said clip in a closed configuration with the vessel clamping inner faces of said first and second leg members in opposition.

13. The hemostatic clip of Claim 12 wherein the raised cylindrical boss of said second leg member is spaced from the distal end of said leg member by a distance corresponding to the length of the inner surface of said hook member.

14. The hemostatic clip of Claim 13 wherein the raised cylindrical bosses of said first and second leg members are equidistant from said hinge means at the proximal ends thereof.

1 5. The hemostatic clip of Claim 14 wherein said hinge means is defined by a line of minimum clip thickness at the juncture of the inner faces of said first and second leg members.

16. The hemostatic clip of Claim 12 wherein said hook member is spaced from the inner face of said first leg member by a distance equal to the thickness of the distal end of said second leg member forward of said cylindrical boss.

17. The hemostatic clip of Claim 1 5 wherein the thickness of the distal end of said second leg member is reduced forward of said cylindrical boss thereby forming a step on the outside surface of said leg member.

18. A ligating clip applying instrument comprising a pair of handles pivoted about a hinge point and extending beyond the hinge point to form a pair of clip closing jaws having opposing inner faces, each of said jaws having a recessed clip-receiving channel in the inner face thereof extending from the forward tip of said jaw rearward toward said hinge point, said channel having a length at least equal to the length of the clip to be applied by said instrument, each channel having a cylindrical recess across the base thereof spaced from the tip of said jaw, the depth of the channel forward of said recess being greater than to the rear of said recess.

19. The instrument of Claim 18 wherein the cylindrical recesses in each channel are in vertical alignment relative to the inner faces of said jaws when said jaws are in a closed position.

20. The instrument of Claim 18 wherein said cylindrical recesses in each channel are equidistantly spaced from the tips of said jaws.

21. A hemostatic clip as claimed in Claim 1 or 12, substantially as described with reference to the accompanying drawing.

22. A ligating clip applying instrument as claimed in Claim 18, substantially as described with reference to the accompanying drawing.