GB2048979A - Bricks and other structural elements - Google Patents
Bricks and other structural elements Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2048979A GB2048979A GB8012026A GB8012026A GB2048979A GB 2048979 A GB2048979 A GB 2048979A GB 8012026 A GB8012026 A GB 8012026A GB 8012026 A GB8012026 A GB 8012026A GB 2048979 A GB2048979 A GB 2048979A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- brick
- top surface
- face
- earth
- bricks
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 8
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011504 laterite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001710 laterite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2/04—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements
- E04B2/06—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
- E04B2/10—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position by filling material with or without reinforcements in small channels in, or in grooves between, the elements
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Finishing Walls (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides bricks which are distinguished by their shape and finish. In one embodiment, one end face of the brick is formed with vertically extending ridge-like projections (5 and 6) extending out of the plane of, and at or close to the vertical edges of, said one face. Another embodiment provides a brick in which at least one of the top and bottom surfaces, and at least one of the two end surfaces, are formed with an indented region such that a plurality of identical bricks can be bonded together by placing a bonding agent in the said indented regions to form thereby a wall or other structure in which the bonding agent is fully concealed. In a further embodiment, the top surface of the brick includes a V-shaped depression extending lengthwise along the brick and occupying a major proportion of the top surface of the brick. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Bricks and other structural elements
This invention relates to structural elements, in particular bricks, and to their manufacture.
According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a brick one end face of which is formed with vertically extending ridge-like projections extending out of the 'plane of, and at or close to the vertical edges of, said one face.
A brick as defined above may be bonded lengthwise to a similar brick by employing mortar which fills the gap between the end projections of the brick. In this way an adequate bond is achieved between adjacent bricks, using less mortar than with conventional, planar bricks and also giving an aesthetically pleasing appearance to the end product.
Although it is not essential, it is advantageous for that end face of the brick opposite to said one end face to be formed with a plurality of vertical grooves. These grooves can extend over that portion of the face which corresponds in position with the gap between the projections on said one end face. By this means, adhesion of mortar between end faces of adjacent bricks is increased. The grooved end face of the brick is also pleasing in appearance.
According to a second aspect of the invention, there is provided a brick in which at least one of the top and bottom surfaces, and at least one of the two end surfaces, are formed with an indented region such that a plurality of identical bricks can be bonded together by placing a bonding agent in the said indented regions to form thereby a wall or other structure in which the bonding agent is fully concealed.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a brick the top surface of which includes a V-shaped depression extending lengthwise along the brick and occupying a major proportion of the top surface of the brick.
Preferred embodiments of the present invention incorporate V-shaped depressions on the top surface of the brick and in both ends of the brick. If, however, one of the ends of the brick is formed with ridges as set forth in the first aspect of the invention defined above, it is preferred that the V-shaped depression on top of the brick be of the same width as the gap between the projections on said one end face of the brick.
The bottom surface of a brick in accordance wit this invention is preferably formed with at least one indented channel or groove, which can extend along the entire length of the brick.
The invention also provides a method of manufacturing bricks which is suitable for producing (i) conventional bricks; (b-) the particular design of brick which is the subject of this invention; and (c) earth roofing riles and floor tiles. Accordingly, a fourth aspect of the present invention provides a method of manufacturing from earth a structural element, e.g. a brick or a tile, comprising (a) excavating earth from the ground; (b) removing coarse particles from the earth to leave fine particles; (c) adding to said fine particles an additive comprising oxides of calcium, silicon, and of aluminium or aluminium and iron; (d) placing the mixture thus obtained into a mould and pressing the mixture to shape it in the mould; and (e) removing the shaped material from the mould and allowing it to dry.Coarse particles can be removed from the excavated earth by, for example, a drying step followed by a grinding step; an alternative method is to allow the coarse particles to sediment out of an aqueous dispersion of earth particles. Such sedimentation can be assisted by churning the earth particles with water to form a sludge which can then be poured onto the ground to drain. The mould used in fabricating the structural element wili be selected according to the shape of element required, e.g. whether bricks or tiles are to be made.
The additive which is incorporated into the fine earth particles preferably comprises 65% slaked lime (or quicklime), 25% silica and 10% of an aluminim oxide-ferric oxide mixture. 8-1 0 parts of additive may be incorporated for each 100 parts (by weight) of ground earth particles. After the bricks have been removed from their moulds, they can be stacked to dry naturally. It is not necessary to fire bricks before they are suitable for use.
The additive can be formulated either as a mixture of bulk chemicals or as a mixture of commercially available materials which may include Pozzolanic cement, Portland cement, slag cement and high alumina cement. The preferred material is Portland cement. The following table illustrates the proportions of the principal compounds in these four materials and in commercially available slaked lime:
Additive Component SiO2 Al2O3-Fe2O CaO 1. Lime 1%5% 1% - 3% 9O%-95% 2. Pozzolanic Cement 45% - 55% 35% - 45% 2% - 8% 3. Portland Cement 20% - 23% 80/0 - 12% 62% - 68% 4. Slag Cement 27% - 32% 12% - 16% 55% - 60% 5. Alumina Cement 8% - 10% 45% -; 40%45% Portland cement may also contain Mg9, typically about 1.2%; SO3, typically about 2.6%; L.O.I., typically about 2.1%: K2O, typically about 0.5%; and F.CaO, typically about 2.1%.
Bricks produced by the method of the invention can be given a variety of surface finishes. A smooth finish is obtained if the bricks are allowed to dry naturally. A "rock finish" can be obtained by abraiding the sides of the brick after it has haradened (e.g. after being allowed to dry naturally for one week); a wire brush may be used for this purpose. If such abrading is effected after only 24 hours of drying time, a less coarse finish known as "Shanghai finish" is obtained. Other types of finish can be obtained by incorporating sand or chippings into the earth, e.g. Laterite earth, from which the brick is formed. Colouring materials may likewise by incorporated so as to give a coloured end product.A flockcoated finish can also be carried out, using conventional methods to give a product which is decorative, has excellent sound absorption properties and is ideal for floor covering purposes, especially with tiles made by the method of the invention.
For a better understanding of the invention, and to show how the same may be carried into effect, reference will now be made by way of example, to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a plan view of one embodiment of a brick in accordance with the invention;
Figure 2 is a side elevation of the brick shown in Figure 1;
Figure 3 is an end elevation of the left hand end of the brick shown in Figure 1;
Figure 4 is an end elevation of the right hand end of the brick shown in Figure 1;
Figure 5 is a plan view of the base of the brick shown in Figure 1;
Figure 6 is a plan view of a series of bricks such as that shown in Figure 1 bonded together end to end;
Figure 7is a side elevation of the arrangement shown in Figure 6;;
Figures 8 to 12 illustrate a second embodiment of a brick in accordance with the invention showing, respectively, a side view, bottom view, perspective view from above, end view and top view of the brick;
Figure 1 3 shows a decorative wall built with the brick illustrated in Figures 8 to 12; and
Figure 14 shows s detailed view of part of the wall of Figure 13.
Referring to Figures 1 to 4, the brick 1 has an upper surface comprising edge portions 2 and 3 separated by a V-shaped groove 4. The left hand end of the brick has two vertical projections 5 and 6 separated by a planar region. The right hand end of the brick includes planar regions 8 and 9 between which there is an area 10 formed of the vertically disposed grooves which, in plan, have a castellated appearance (see Figure 1). Projections 5 and 6 have outwardly facing curved portions 11, and inwardly facing planar portions 12. The side walls 13 of the brick are plain.
Referring now to Figure 5, the underside of the brick comprises a peripheral area 14 and two rectangular areas 1 5 and 16, the areas 14, 1 5 and 16 being separated from one another by a recessed area 1 7. The lateral edges 1 8 of the brick are upwardly and outwardly curved so as to meet the side wall portions 13 (see Figure 2).
Referring now to Figures 6 and 7, a number of identical bricks in accordance with this invention are shown bonded lengthwise one to another. Individual bricks are marked 1A, B and 1 C. As seen in
Figure 6, a layer of mortar 19 occupies the space between surfaces 10 and 7 of adjacent bricks. As shown in Figure 7 projections 5 and 6 serve to obscure the mortar 19 from view in side elevation. The mortar which is in place between adjacent horizontal layers of bricks is likewise invisible in side elevation. The mortar fits into the area defined between the V-shaped groove 4 of the lower brick and the recessed surface portion 1 7 of the brick above.In this way, satisfactory bonding is achieved between adjacent bricks in one layer, and between adjacent layers of bricks, while the whole structure presents an attractive appearance from the outside. The end faces of the bricks may also be used to present decorative features in appropriate constructions.
Referring now to Figures 8 to 12, the brick illustrated has V-shaped depressions in its top surface 20 and in both ends 21 and 22. The bottom surface 23 of the brick includes two parallel channels 24 and 25 which extend the full length of the brick. The V-shaped depression in the top surface 20 of the brick is flanked by flat surface portions 26 and 27, while the V-shaped depressions in the ends 21 and 22 are flanked by flat surface portions 28 and 29; these latter portions are adjacent to curved portions 30 which adjoin the plain sides31 of the brick. Further curved portions 32 and 33 link the side 31 and
bottom 23 of the brick.
As shown in Figures 13 and 14, the brick of Figures 8 to 12 can be used to form an aesthetically pleasing structure in which the bonding agent (e.g. mortar) is totally concealed. The curved portions 30, 32 and 33 accentuate the delineation between individual bricks in the wall.
Claims (16)
1. A brick one face of which is formed with vertically extending ridge-like projections extending out of the plane of, and at or close to the vertical edges of, said one face.
2. A brick as claimed in claim 1, wherein that end face of the brick opposite to said one end face is formed with a plurality of vertical grooves.
3. A brick in which at least one of the top and bottom surfaces, and at least one of the two end surfaces, are formed with an indented region such that a plurality of identical bricks can be bonded together by placing a bonding agent in the said indented regions to form thereby a wall or other structure in which the bonding agent is fully concealed.
4. A brick the top surface of which includes a V-shaped depression extending lengthwise along the brick and occupying a major proportion of the top surface of the brick.
5. A brick as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, in which the top surface of the brick includes a V-shaped depression extending lengthwise along the brick and occupying a major proportion of the top surface of the brick.
6. A brick as claimed in claim 3, wherein the top surface and both end surfaces of the brick are formed with a V-shaped depression.
7. A brick as claimed in claim 6, wherein the bottom surface of the brick is formed with at least one indented channel or groove.
8. A brick, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to, and as illustrated in, Figures 1 to 7 of the accompanying drawings.
9. A brick, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to, and as illustrated in, Figures 8 to 14 of the accompany drawings.
10. A method of manufacturing from earth a structural element, comprising (a) excavating earth from the ground; (b) removing coarse particles from the earth to leave fine particles; (c) adding to said fine particles an additive comprising oxides of the calcium, silicon, and of aluminium or aluminium and iron; (d) placing the mixture thus obtained into a mould and pressing the mixture to shape it in the mould; and (e) removing the shaped material from the mould and allowing it to dry.
11. A method according to claim 10, wherein the additive which is incorporated into the fine earth particles comprises 65% lime, 25% silica and 10% of aluminium oxide-ferric oxide mixture.
12. A method according to claim 11, wherein 8-10 parts of additive are incorporated for each 100 parts (by weight) of ground earth particles.
13. A method according to claim 10, 11 or 12, wherein the structural element is a brick.
14. A method according to claim 10, 11 or 12, wherein the structural element is a floor or wall tile.
1 5. A method of manufacturing a structural element substantially as hereinbefore described.
16. A structural element whenever produced by a method as claimed in any one of claims 10-to 15.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8012026A GB2048979B (en) | 1979-04-11 | 1980-04-11 | Bricks and other structural elements |
| SG49084A SG49084G (en) | 1979-04-11 | 1984-07-10 | Manufacture of bricks and other structural elements |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7912715 | 1979-04-11 | ||
| GB8012026A GB2048979B (en) | 1979-04-11 | 1980-04-11 | Bricks and other structural elements |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2048979A true GB2048979A (en) | 1980-12-17 |
| GB2048979B GB2048979B (en) | 1983-04-27 |
Family
ID=26271213
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8012026A Expired GB2048979B (en) | 1979-04-11 | 1980-04-11 | Bricks and other structural elements |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2048979B (en) |
| SG (1) | SG49084G (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0687782A1 (en) * | 1994-06-13 | 1995-12-20 | Michael D. Wolf | Building block |
| GB2401361A (en) * | 2003-04-29 | 2004-11-10 | Applied Energy Products Ltd | Heat accumulating bricks for use in storage heaters |
| WO2006040503A1 (en) * | 2004-10-16 | 2006-04-20 | Applied Energy Products Limited | Improved process for brick manufacture |
| US7823358B2 (en) * | 2002-04-25 | 2010-11-02 | Buffalostone, Inc. | Relationally predimensioned stone surfacing system |
-
1980
- 1980-04-11 GB GB8012026A patent/GB2048979B/en not_active Expired
-
1984
- 1984-07-10 SG SG49084A patent/SG49084G/en unknown
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0687782A1 (en) * | 1994-06-13 | 1995-12-20 | Michael D. Wolf | Building block |
| US7823358B2 (en) * | 2002-04-25 | 2010-11-02 | Buffalostone, Inc. | Relationally predimensioned stone surfacing system |
| GB2401361A (en) * | 2003-04-29 | 2004-11-10 | Applied Energy Products Ltd | Heat accumulating bricks for use in storage heaters |
| GB2401361B (en) * | 2003-04-29 | 2007-03-28 | Applied Energy Products Ltd | Improved process for brick manufacture |
| WO2006040503A1 (en) * | 2004-10-16 | 2006-04-20 | Applied Energy Products Limited | Improved process for brick manufacture |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2048979B (en) | 1983-04-27 |
| SG49084G (en) | 1985-04-04 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |