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GB2045161A - Reinforced glass - Google Patents

Reinforced glass Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2045161A
GB2045161A GB7906484A GB7906484A GB2045161A GB 2045161 A GB2045161 A GB 2045161A GB 7906484 A GB7906484 A GB 7906484A GB 7906484 A GB7906484 A GB 7906484A GB 2045161 A GB2045161 A GB 2045161A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
glass
vessel
conduit member
fluid conduit
glass fibre
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB7906484A
Other versions
GB2045161B (en
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Corning Ltd
Original Assignee
Corning Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Corning Ltd filed Critical Corning Ltd
Priority to GB7906484A priority Critical patent/GB2045161B/en
Publication of GB2045161A publication Critical patent/GB2045161A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2045161B publication Critical patent/GB2045161B/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B25/00Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber
    • B32B25/04Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber comprising rubber as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B25/08Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber comprising rubber as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B25/00Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber
    • B32B25/10Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B25/00Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber
    • B32B25/20Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber comprising silicone rubber
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/024Woven fabric
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2309/00Use of inorganic materials not provided for in groups B29K2303/00 - B29K2307/00, as reinforcement
    • B29K2309/08Glass
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/02Composition of the impregnated, bonded or embedded layer
    • B32B2260/021Fibrous or filamentary layer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/04Impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/046Synthetic resin
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10Inorganic fibres
    • B32B2262/101Glass fibres
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2305/00Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2305/10Fibres of continuous length
    • B32B2305/18Fabrics, textiles
    • B32B2305/188Woven fabrics
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/414Translucent
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2439/00Containers; Receptacles

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

A glass vessel or fluid conduit member particularly for use in chemical engineering plants is rendered capable of retaining its contents therein in the event of breakage for a sufficient time for a system comprising the equipment to be drained back before full failure occurs by completely or substantially completely enveloping it in a single layer covering constituted by an impregnatable glass fibre matrix impregnated with a cured resin base and in intimate contact with a cured silicone rubber coating applied to the vessel or fluid conduit member. The covering and cured rubber coating are selected to be such as to present a translucent or near transparent appearance whereby the contents of the vessel may be viewed therethrough.

Description

SPECIFICATION Reinforced glass This invention relates to reinforced glass and more particularly to glass products strengthened to provide safety in the event of damage thereto and to methods for the production of such products.
Although glass equipment has found widespread use in chemical industry over the course of many years and has an excellent safety record, it has been found that many individuals remain apprehensive of the safety of the glass in the event of damage thereto. This fear is generally held notwithstanding the proven safety of glass plant. Frequently such legislation as the "Health and Safety at Work Act" in the United Kingdom makes manufacturers who utilise glass plants concerned as to their liability in the event, however unlikely, of the glass plant undergoing breakage.
A number of suggestions have been put forward for increasing the strength of glass components used in chemical plant. For example, it has been proposed to provide plastics tapes around or resin coatings on glass equipment both to increase the impact resistance of the glass and to ensure that, in the unlikely event of breakage of the glass, the contents therein are unable to escape for a sufficient time for a system comprising the glass equipment to be drained back and/or for personnel to be evacuated to a safe area before full failure occurs.
Most of these proposals result in the glass components of the equipment having an opaque appear ancewhereby one of the characteristic benefits of using glass in industry, namely the ability to observe reaction or flow through the transparent walls thereof, is lost. One particular system which suffers this defect is the Corgard (Registered Trade Mark) system with which glass components are encased in a laminated plastics product resulting from the provision therearound of a number of layers of plastics material separated by impregnated glass fibre mats.Not only is this product completely opaque, but because it is characteristically made to withstand pressure, it has to be provided with a separately produced annular flange cemented onto the free end thereof, thereby requiring a special expensive annular backing flange to be fitted thereto to enable provision to be made for connections to be formed between component parts.
According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a glass vessel orfluid conduit for example of the type for use in chemical engineering plant, the vessel or conduit being completely or substantially enveloped in a single layer covering constituted by a woven glass fibre matrix impregnated with a cured resin base and in intimate contact with a cured silicon rubber coating applied to the glass vessel or fluid conduit, which covering and cured rubber coating together present a translucent or near transparent appearance whereby the contents of the vessel or conduit may be viewed therethrough.
In view of the flexibility of the woven glass fibre matrix to be applied to the glass vessel or fluid conduit, it will be appreciated that it becomes possible to "wrap" such a glass fibre matrix around any finished glass item and more particularly items for use in chemical plant (process plant), such as pipes, bends, tee's, valves and spherical and cylindrical vessels. With each such article it is possible to achieve the twin desiderata of increased content containment in the event of breakage of the glass coupled with the desired visibility through the walls of the glass items. A glass vessel our fluid conduit according to the invention will accept standard glass and other hardware for coupling and as such can be used in conjunction with existing process systems or as a part for replacement.
It should be appreciated that the wrapping or envelope of woven glass fibre matrix impregnated with a cured resin base is not intended to increase the operating pressure of hardware or its impact resistance. It is intended to increase the safety simply by containing the process fluid in the event of glass failure for a period of time sufficient to allow the system to be drained back and/or personnel to be evacuated to a safe area. It thus offers a significant measure of increased protection over and above the safety limits normally imposed on glass plant design.
The wrappings or envelopes provided according to the present invention have been evaluated against other potential solutions to the above indicated desiderata among which have been considered the following: sprayed, dipped or fluid bed application of polyvinyl coatings, coatings of vinyl chloride copolymers and derivative polymers or nylon coatings and metal coatings. The plastics coatings were found to be generally unsatisfactory because they either burst or jetted fluid into the plant surroundings allowing no time for evacuation. Metal coatings were found to be unsatisfactory in retaining glass fragments.
The wrappings or envelopes according to this invention were found to have a number of characteristic advantages over the aforesaid Corgard product, namely low cost, suitability for use with standard joint hardware, complete encapsulation of the items, including buttress ends, but not ground mating faces, and a good finish of transparent or translucent appearance. Nevertheless, the wrappings or envelopes are suitable for use at temperatures of up to 1 50 C with temperatures cycling in the range of from -20 to 1 500C. The external impact resistance of the envelopes or wrappings is approximately twice that of plain glass.
This invention provides according to a second aspect a number of processes for the production of glass vessels or fluid conduits according to the present invention. In a first step generally common to all such procedures according to this invention, the glass vessel or fluid conduit is given a coating of a silicone rubber composition for example by painting on spraying. This coating is then cured. A preferred material for this purpose is the product of Dow-Corning, Sylgard 184 Silicone elastomer (Sylgard is a Registered Trade Mark) which is treated with 184 curing agent. Curing of this composition may be effected at 1 50 C for 10 minutes.
When curing of the silicone rubber layer is complete, the glass vessel or fluid conduit has a clear resin impregnated woven glass fibre matrix applied thereto. For example it is possible to employ an impregnated glass fibre roving wound around the glass vessel or fluid conduit. The applied woven glass fibre matrix is then smoothed into place.
Avariety of methods are available or ensuring the intimate contacting of the impregnated woven glass fibre matrix with the cured silicone rubber layer. In one preferred procedure, the woven glass fibre matrix is covered with a heat shrinkable film after smoothing into place, covering the former. The heat shrink film may be in tape form wound around the glass vessel orfluid conduit, a tubular sleeve pulled over the glass article or a wrap around flat film. The form of the heat shrink film which is employed will depend largely upon the shape of the glass article to be covered therewith. The heat shrink film material employed will be one which will undergo shrinkage under the conditions to which the glass article will need to subsequently be subjected to achieve curing ofthe resin impregnant thereby to place the resin under pressure during its curing cycle.At the end of curing, the heat shrink film is stripped off and discarded and the snug fitting resin impregnated woven glass fibre matrix remains on the glass article.
A preferred heat shrink wrap is the polyester film Mylar (Registered Trade Mark) which is available from Dupont (U.K.) Limited in tape or sheet form.
The resin impregnantfor the woven glass fibre matrix may be a clear diallyl phthalate resin. A diallyl phthalate resin-impregnated glass fibre roving which is commercially available is the system Cordopreg H-c. Cordopreg is a Registered Trade Mark of Ferro Composite Corporation. Such a system may be cured by heating at 150"C for 10 minutes under which conditions Mylarshrinkfilm conforms well in placing the diallyl phthalate impregnant under pressure. As an alternative to using the Cordopreg system it is however, possible to use other heat curable resins including polyester, epoxy resin and polyamide resins.
As an alternative to using heat shrink film for placing the resin impregnant under pressure during the curing thereof to achieve an intimate bond to the silicone rubber coating, it is possible to embed the glass vessel having the resin impregnated woven glass fibre matrix smoothed thereover in an outer container which may be a steel cylinderfull of a suitably fine particulate material which may be a powder but which is preferably constituted by small glass balls referred to generally as ballotini. As an alternative, other small regularly shaped particles may be employed. The container is closed and the contents thereof are subjected to increased pressure, for example 2 Ib/in2 as for example by tightening of a bolt in a sealing plate of the container.As pressure is applied to the particles, the pressure is transmitted to the covering on the glass article which will be simultaneously subjected to curing conditions. If desired, as a further means of ensuring the intimate adhesion of the impregnated woven glass fibre matrix to the rubber coating on the glass article, the glass article may additionally be provided with a covering of a heat shrinkable film as aforesaid.
In accordance with other possible arrangements for subjecting the resin impregnant to pressure during curing thereof, use may be made of a thin membrane system which is stressed by air or hydraulic means. It is also possible to carry out a curing of the resin when the article is heated in a rigid mould containing a rubberised insert which serves as a flexible mould and subjected to direct pressure our vacuum forming.
It should be noted that the silicone rubber coating applied to the glass article has a double function.
Firstly it renders the glass article particularly susceptible to intimate bonding with the resin impregnated woven glass fibre matrix. Secondly, it acts as a buffer which prevents rupture of the resin impregnated woven glass fibre matrix as a result of differential expansion of the glass which it coats.
Although heat resistant glass has a low linear coefficient of expansion of only 33 x 10-7. This might nevertheless be sufficient otherwise to cause rupture of the resin impregnated woven glass fibre matrix therearound.

Claims (14)

1. A glass vessel or a fluid conduit member formed of glass, the vessel orfluid conduit member being completely or substantially completely enveloped in a single layer covering constituted by an impregnatable glass fibre matrix impregnated with cured resin base and in intimate contact with a cured silicone rubber coating aplied to the vessel or fluid conduit member, which covering and cured rubber coating together present a translucent or near transparent appearance whereby the contents of the vessel may be viewed therethrough.
2. A vessel or fluid conduit member as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the resin base is a diallyl phthalate resin.
3. A vessel orfluid conduit member as claimed in Claim 1 or 2, wherein the glass fibre matrix is a woven glass fibre fabric.
4. A vessel or a fluid conduit member as claimed in Claim 1 or 2, wherein the glass fibre matrix is a glass fibre roving wound around the vessel or fluid conduit member.
5. A method for the production of an enveloped glass vessel or glass fluid conduit member, which comprises providing on a glass vessel or glass fluid conduit member a coating of a silicone rubber composition, curing said composition, applying to the cured said composition so as to envelope or substantially envelope the glass vessel or glass fluid conduit member an impregnatable glass fibre matrix impregnated with a curable resin base and curing the resin base, the glass fibre matrix then being obtained in intimate contact with the silicone resin composition the silicone resin composition and curable resin base being chosen so that the enveloped glass vessel or glass fluid conduit member presents a transparent or near transparent appearance whereby the contents of the vessel may be viewed therethrough.
6. A method as claimed in Claim 5, wherein an impregnated glass roving is wound around the glass vessel or glass fluid conduit member.
7. A method as claimed in Claim 5 or 6, wherein the impregnated glass fibre matrix is smoothed onto the cured silicone rubber, covered with a heat shrink film and heated to cure the resin base and simultaneously shrink said film, after which the heat shrink film is stripped off the vessel or fluid conduit member thereby leaving the glass fibre matrix pressed into intimate contact with the cured silicone rubber.
8. A method as claimed in Claim 7, wherein the heat shrink film is polyethylene terephthalate film.
9. A method as claimed in Claim 7 or 8, wherein the heat shrink film is in tape form and is wound around the vessel or fluid conduit member.
10. A method as claimed in any one of Claims 6 to 9 wherein the impregnated glass fibre matrix is smoothed onto the cured silicone rubber, the vessel or fluid conduit member is embedded in a fine particulate material in a container, the container is closed and its contents are subjected to conditions under which curing of the resin base occurs and pressure increases whereby the particulate material transmits the pressure to the covering of said vesel or fluid conduit member, thereby achieving intimate adhesion of the impregnated woven glass fibre matrix to the silicone rubber matrix.
11. A method as claimed in Claim 10, wherein the pressure on the covering is increased by 1400 kg/m2.
12. A method as claimed in Claim 10 or 11, wherein said fine particulate material is in the form of small glass balls.
13. A method for the production of an enveloped glass vessel or glass fluid conduit member, substantially as described herein.
14. An enveloped glass vessel or glass fluid conduit member, whenever produced by the method claimed in any one of Claims 5 to 13.
GB7906484A 1979-02-23 1979-02-23 Reinforced glass Expired GB2045161B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB7906484A GB2045161B (en) 1979-02-23 1979-02-23 Reinforced glass

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB7906484A GB2045161B (en) 1979-02-23 1979-02-23 Reinforced glass

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB2045161A true GB2045161A (en) 1980-10-29
GB2045161B GB2045161B (en) 1982-10-20

Family

ID=10503395

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB7906484A Expired GB2045161B (en) 1979-02-23 1979-02-23 Reinforced glass

Country Status (1)

Country Link
GB (1) GB2045161B (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008103407A1 (en) * 2007-02-22 2008-08-28 Dow Corning Corporation Composite article having excellent fire resistance
JP2010519089A (en) * 2007-02-22 2010-06-03 ダウ・コーニング・コーポレイション Composite product having excellent fire resistance and impact resistance and method for producing the same
CN114379077A (en) * 2022-01-25 2022-04-22 西安交通大学 Low-cost fiber-reinforced thermosetting composite material 3D printing component post-curing method

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008103407A1 (en) * 2007-02-22 2008-08-28 Dow Corning Corporation Composite article having excellent fire resistance
JP2010519089A (en) * 2007-02-22 2010-06-03 ダウ・コーニング・コーポレイション Composite product having excellent fire resistance and impact resistance and method for producing the same
JP2010522649A (en) * 2007-02-22 2010-07-08 ダウ・コーニング・コーポレイション Composite product with excellent fire resistance
US8323797B2 (en) 2007-02-22 2012-12-04 Dow Corning Corporation Composite article having excellent fire and impact resistance and method of making the same
CN114379077A (en) * 2022-01-25 2022-04-22 西安交通大学 Low-cost fiber-reinforced thermosetting composite material 3D printing component post-curing method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2045161B (en) 1982-10-20

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PCNP Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 19940223