GB1603645A - Process for producing an animal manure-supplemented artificial chemical fertilizer - Google Patents
Process for producing an animal manure-supplemented artificial chemical fertilizer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB1603645A GB1603645A GB15858/77A GB1585877A GB1603645A GB 1603645 A GB1603645 A GB 1603645A GB 15858/77 A GB15858/77 A GB 15858/77A GB 1585877 A GB1585877 A GB 1585877A GB 1603645 A GB1603645 A GB 1603645A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- animal manure
- chemical fertilizer
- artificial chemical
- mixture
- phosphate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 27
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 title claims description 21
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title claims description 19
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;phosphoric acid Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)(O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001166 ammonium sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002426 superphosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- CAMXVZOXBADHNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium nitrite Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-]N=O CAMXVZOXBADHNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 14
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 6
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910000150 monocalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002367 phosphate rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001673102 Jaya Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000928591 Ochanostachys amentacea Species 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZRIUUUJAJJNDSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium phosphates Chemical class [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O ZRIUUUJAJJNDSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013594 poultry meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000153 supplemental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Description
(54) A PROCESS FOR PRODUCING AN ANIMAL MANURE-SUPPLEMENTED
ARTIFICIAL CHEMICAL FERTILIZER
(71) I, ENCIK LEET KENG CHOON, a Citizen of Malaysia of No. 230, Jalan 5/50,
Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia, do hereby declare the invention for which I pray that a patent may be granted to me, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:
This invention relates to a process for providing mixtures of animal manure and artifical chemical fertilizers in pellet, granule or similar agglomerated form.
Natural farm manure and other "organic" fertilizers are important sources of the primary plant nutrients nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. These plant nutrients are all eventually broken down into soluble form (this applies particularly to the phosphates) which renders them freely available to the plants. Furthermore, natural farm manure and other organic fertilizers tend to prevent the formation of insoluble complexes in the soil which would make the fertilizers unavailable to the plants, and they also slow down the leaching process which can occur in the soil whereby mineral salts are removed from the soil by percolating water.
Additional advantages of natural organic fertiliers are that they provide a medium for the growth of micro-organisms which contribute to the fertility of the soil, and they also improve the structure of the soil by rendering it more friable; this allows for better aeration of the plant roots and the soil micro-organisms.
There are, however, certain disadvantages associated with organic fertilizers, and for this reason it has proved advantageous to use such fertilizers merely to supplement artificial chemical fertilizers. The composition of manure generally averages about 0.5% N, 0.25%
P2 05 and 0.5% K2O, which represent comparatively low levels of the primary plant nutrients. Furthermore, organic manure is generally not in a form best suited for application; it is bulky and, because of the low levels of plant nutrients, must be applied in large quantities to be effective. In addition, the plant nutrient content of the organic manure varies greatly, rendering it difficult to calculate the optimum amount which should be applied.These disadvantages, coupled with the fact that organic manure provides a breeding ground for flies and other undesirable organisms, render the use of farm manure on its own disadvantageous. The supply of such manure is, in any case, erratic and generally inadequate for use alone, since the amount available has been reduced by the adoption of tractors to replace horses. However, there are still, significant amounts available from farms which specialize in animal products such as milk, beef or poultry. With good farm management, the manure can be used profitably as a supplemental fertilizer, even though handling costs are relatively high.
It is recognised that the solubility of the plant nutrients determines the rate at which they dissolve in the soil and become available to the plant. The solubility may be affected by such factors as the particle size of the fertilizer and the pH of the soil, and, accordingly, it has proved advantageous to regulate the particle size of the fertilizer in accordance with the pH of the soil. High solubility is not necessarily beneficial in all instances and low solubility is not necessarily undesirable, since, for example, when phosphate is applied in finely-divided form to acidic soils, immobilization or fixation can occur in which the applied nutrient compound reacts with constituents in the soil to give compounds less soluble and less available to the plant.If the particle size is increased by granulation, the reduction in surface area has the effect of slowing down the immobilization reactions thereby allowing more complete utilization of the phosphate by the plant. In contrast, high water solubility is desirable in high pH, calcareous soils, because immobilization reactions are not so prevalent and the rate of dissolution becomes the controlling factor. The net effect of different degrees of phosphate solubility is difficult to analyse, but, in general, the trend is towards larger particle size in fertilizers which favours a high water solubility.
It has been known to use prilling techniques for nitrogen fertilizers which involve turning the fertilizer into pellet form by melting and letting the drops solidify in falling. However, these techniques are not very applicable to multinutrient fertilizers because many of the compounds involved either have high melting points or decompose partially when they are melted. Prilling is feasible if the formulation contains a high proportion of low-melting salts to serve as carriers of high-melting ones, but most formulations do not meet this criterion.
For the mixtures of high-melting materials normally found in multinutrient fertilizers, a process that involves sticking small solid particles together to make larger ones is the method most often used. In all cases it is necessary to have sufficient liquid phase present to serve as the sticking agent.
The present invention provides a process for providing an animal manure-supplemented artifical chemical fertilizer in the form of a pellet, granule or similar agglomerate which process comprises mixing finely ground animal manure with a specified artifical chemical fertilizer, which mixture is then moisturised if necessary, cured, pelletised or granulated or formed into similar agglomerates and dried.
The animal manure used in this process may be farm manure which can be in finely ground form or a mixture of such animal manures. The artificial chemical fertilizer or fertilizers may be in solid or liquid form. The artificial chemical fertilizers used are ammonia, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulphate, urea, normal super phosphate (commonly called phosphate rock and made by treating phosphate ore with enough sulphuric acid to convert the phosphate to monocalcium phosphate), tripple superphosphate (made by treating phosphate rock with enough phosphoric acid to convert all the phosphate from both rock and acid to monocalcium phosphate) and ammonium phosphates (made by reacting phosphoric acid with ammonia to give solid products).
The ratio in which the animal manure(s) and artificial chemical fertilizer(s) are mixed will depend upon the use for which the mixed fertilizer is intended. Accordingly, it will depend upon the particular plant nutrients and levels thereof required, the pH of the soil to which the fertilizer is to be applied and the required solubility of, for example, the phosphates.
In the next step of the process, the mixture is, if necessary, moisturised. According to this step, enough liquid is added to cause the fertilizer particles to stick together. Of course, if a liquid artifical chemical fertilizer has been used, the moisturising step may not be necessary.
The resulting moisturised mixture is then plasticised for example with the application of steam; this helps to plasticise the mix.
Following plasticising agglomerates of the required size are formed before being dried.
Of course, the size of the agglomerates will depend upon whether a high or low surface area is required, depending upon the solubility requirements for the plant nutrients. The mixture may, for example, be formed into pellets or into granules or it may, if desired, be first partially pelletised and then granulated before being dried. In the case of fertilizers prepared according to this invention which contain, for example, at least 30% of animal-derived constituents it is preferable to pelletise the mixture partially first and then to granulate it in order to obtain a high percentage of large granules.
The granules, pellets or agglomerates so produced are firm and keep well. It is believed that each granule, pellet or agglomerate of the fertilizer contains the artificial chemical fertilizer(s) partially dissolved in, and coated with, the animal manure components.
The product may finally be graded and then packed ready for use. It can easily be applied by hand or by mechanical spreaders.
A specific Example of a fertiliser prepared in accordance with the process of this invention consists of pellets 2 to 5 mm in diameter prepared from a mixture of the following constituents (commercial grade code name -9/16/9/15+TE): Raw material
Ammonium Sulphate 4.60
Urea 4.60
Ammonium Phosphate 33.20
Muriate of Potash 13.00
Sulphate of Potash and Magnesia 5.40
Animal manure 39.20
100.00
WHAT WE CLAIM IS:
1.A process for preparing an animal manure-supplemented artificial chemical fertilizer which is ammonia, ammonium nitrite, ammonium sulphate, urea, super phosphate, triple super phosphate or ammonium phosphate in the form of a pellet, granule or agglomerate, which process comprises mixing finely-ground animal manure with a said artificial chemical fertilizer, which mixture is optionally moisturised, then plasticised, pelletised or granulated or formed into agglomerates, and dried.
2. A process according to claim 1 wherein about 30% by weight of animal manure is mixed with about 70% by weight of artificial chemical fertilizer.
3. A process according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the mixture is plasticised by contacting it with steam.
4. A process according to claim 1 2 or 3 wherein the plasticised mixture is first at least partially granulated.
5. A process according to claim 1 wherein the constituents of the fertilizer and their proportions are as indicated in the Example.
6. An animal manure supplemented said artificial chemical fertilizer whenever prepared by a process as claimed in any one of the preceding claims.
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.
Claims (6)
- **WARNING** start of CLMS field may overlap end of DESC **.A specific Example of a fertiliser prepared in accordance with the process of this invention consists of pellets 2 to 5 mm in diameter prepared from a mixture of the following constituents (commercial grade code name -9/16/9/15+TE): Raw material Ammonium Sulphate 4.60 Urea 4.60 Ammonium Phosphate 33.20 Muriate of Potash 13.00 Sulphate of Potash and Magnesia 5.40 Animal manure 39.20100.00 WHAT WE CLAIM IS: 1.A process for preparing an animal manure-supplemented artificial chemical fertilizer which is ammonia, ammonium nitrite, ammonium sulphate, urea, super phosphate, triple super phosphate or ammonium phosphate in the form of a pellet, granule or agglomerate, which process comprises mixing finely-ground animal manure with a said artificial chemical fertilizer, which mixture is optionally moisturised, then plasticised, pelletised or granulated or formed into agglomerates, and dried.
- 2. A process according to claim 1 wherein about 30% by weight of animal manure is mixed with about 70% by weight of artificial chemical fertilizer.
- 3. A process according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the mixture is plasticised by contacting it with steam.
- 4. A process according to claim 1 2 or 3 wherein the plasticised mixture is first at least partially granulated.
- 5. A process according to claim 1 wherein the constituents of the fertilizer and their proportions are as indicated in the Example.
- 6. An animal manure supplemented said artificial chemical fertilizer whenever prepared by a process as claimed in any one of the preceding claims.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB15858/77A GB1603645A (en) | 1978-04-13 | 1978-04-13 | Process for producing an animal manure-supplemented artificial chemical fertilizer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB15858/77A GB1603645A (en) | 1978-04-13 | 1978-04-13 | Process for producing an animal manure-supplemented artificial chemical fertilizer |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB1603645A true GB1603645A (en) | 1981-11-25 |
Family
ID=10066794
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB15858/77A Expired GB1603645A (en) | 1978-04-13 | 1978-04-13 | Process for producing an animal manure-supplemented artificial chemical fertilizer |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB1603645A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2002006186A1 (en) * | 2000-07-14 | 2002-01-24 | Kemira Agro Oy | An organic mineral fertilizer |
-
1978
- 1978-04-13 GB GB15858/77A patent/GB1603645A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2002006186A1 (en) * | 2000-07-14 | 2002-01-24 | Kemira Agro Oy | An organic mineral fertilizer |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PS | Patent sealed | ||
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |