GB1601693A - Water gas generator - Google Patents
Water gas generator Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB1601693A GB1601693A GB15198/77A GB1519877A GB1601693A GB 1601693 A GB1601693 A GB 1601693A GB 15198/77 A GB15198/77 A GB 15198/77A GB 1519877 A GB1519877 A GB 1519877A GB 1601693 A GB1601693 A GB 1601693A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- steam
- carbon
- exhaust
- chamber
- outlet
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 19
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-AKLPVKDBSA-N carbane Chemical compound [15CH4] VNWKTOKETHGBQD-AKLPVKDBSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003584 silencer Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZPUCINDJVBIVPJ-LJISPDSOSA-N cocaine Chemical compound O([C@H]1C[C@@H]2CC[C@@H](N2C)[C@H]1C(=O)OC)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZPUCINDJVBIVPJ-LJISPDSOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003467 diminishing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B43/00—Engines characterised by operating on gaseous fuels; Plants including such engines
- F02B43/10—Engines or plants characterised by use of other specific gases, e.g. acetylene, oxyhydrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
- C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
- C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
- C10J3/44—Apparatus; Plants adapted for use on vehicles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
- C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
- C10J3/485—Entrained flow gasifiers
- C10J3/487—Swirling or cyclonic gasifiers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/74—Construction of shells or jackets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
- C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
- C10J2300/1861—Heat exchange between at least two process streams
- C10J2300/1884—Heat exchange between at least two process streams with one stream being synthesis gas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
- C10J2300/1861—Heat exchange between at least two process streams
- C10J2300/1892—Heat exchange between at least two process streams with one stream being water/steam
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
Description
(54) WATER GAS GENERATOR
(71) We, CECIL JAMES WATKINS of 309 Kingsway Hove Sussex England, a British
Subject, do hereby declare the invention, for which I pray that a patent may be granted to me, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:
The present invention relates to fuel supplies for internal combustion engines.
Although traditionally the internal combustion engine has been associated with petroleum-based fuels, diminishing oil reserves and pollution problems are giving rise to increased interest in aletrnative fuels.
Hydrogen is an attractive fuel for internal combustion engines, owing to its high calorific value, wide flammability range and ease of adaptation of existing engines, but represents severe storage problems.
The present invention concerns water gas generators for use with internal combustion engines.
According to the present invention there is provided a water-gas generator for an internal combustion engine, comprising a chamber with exhaust inlet means for connection to the exhaust outlet(s) of an internal combustion engine for the admission of hot gases to the chamber, a heat-exchange wall over one side of which, in use, the hot gases in the chamber flow, means for feeding carbon and steam into a reaction region on the opposite side of said wall, and outlet means for feeding the gases produced by reaction of the carbon and steam in said reaction region to a fuel inlet of the engine.
Conveniently the apparatus may include a heating pipe or pipes extending through said chamber into which pipes water may be fed for producing the steam.
In a preferred arrangement, the apparatus comprises a generally cylindrical casing divided longitudinally by the heat exchange wall into said (first) chamber and a second chamber which forms said reaction region.
The heat-exchange wall may take the form of a corrugated sheet - e.g. of stainless steel.
The carbon and steam feed means can then conveniently be formed by means for feeding carbon granules to lie on the surface of the heat exchange wall and a steam dispenser arranged to direct steam onto the granules.
If desired, the gases generated may he passed via a reheat tube through said first chamber before being fed to the engine.
In a preferred embodiment the exhaust inlet means comprises a plurality of ports aranged in line for direct connection to the exhaust ports of a multi-cylinder engine.
The invention also extends to an internal combustion engine fitted with a water gas generator as described above.
Some exemplary embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a partially cut-away side elevation of one embodiment of generator according to the invention;
Figure 2 is a cross-section on line II-II of figure 1;
Figure 3 is an end elevation of the generator of figure 1; and
Figure 4 is a view similar to figure 3 showing a second embodiment of the invention.
The unit shown in figures 1, 2 and 3 comprises a cylindrical metal casing, of a size to suit the required load. As shown, the length of the casing is about 2 times its diameter. It is formed from two halves 1, 2 and is flange jointed equatorially, the two halves being secured together by means of bolts (not shown).
The interior of the casing is divided into upper and lower chambers 3, 4 by a stainless steel diaphragm 5, corrugated along its length, which is secured in a gas-tight manner between- the two halves of the casing.
The lower chamber 4 is provided with a heat inlet 6 (for connection to the engine exhaust manifold) and an outlet 7 at opposite ends of the casing.
A water inlet 8 feeds, via a non-return valve 81 and a control valve 82 linked to -the throtle control, a heating pipe loop or loops 9 of stainless steel within the lower chamber, the loop(s) being welded in position. A baffle plate 10 is provided to direct the hot gases and flames from the exhaust or other heat producer to play upon the underside of the diaphragm 5 and heat the water in the pipes 9 for producing superheated steam. A port 11 is provided for an igniter (not fitted in the embodiment shown).
The lower half of the casing has a lining 12 of asbestos or similar material and outer lagging 13 to retain and maintain heat in this section.
The upper chamber 3 is fitted with a fuel hopper 14 for feeding granulated carbon 15 and, in use, the carbon covers the stainless steel diaphragm 5 to a depth of about 1/2". Steam from the heating pipes 9 is fed via a feed pipe 16 (which may be fitted at 17 with a pressure relief valve), and a regulator valve 18 to a steam dispenser 19 whereby hot steam is passed over the red hot carbon as a fine spray. The injected steam is guided and deflected downward over the hot carbon by deflector plates (not shown) extending the width of the casing and over about two-thirds of its length.
The diaphragm 5 is heated to a temperature of typically 900" by the exhaust or other gases below and becomes red hot, and the water gas reaction takes place in which the steam H2O) reacts with the carbon (C) to produce hydrogen (H2) and - in varying proportions, carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2). The hydrogen and carbon dioxide/monoxide released pass
under the deflector plate and through a perforated baffle plate 20 to a collecting hood 21 and thence via reheat tube 22 to an outlet 23 for feeding the engine. For removal of dust from the outlet gases a layer of filter material (not shown) may be provided over the plate 20, or a separate cleaner, such as a cyclone device or electrostatic cleaner may be fitted in the outlet line 23.
The diaphragm slopes downwardly from left to right (as viewed in figures 2 and 3) so that ash can leave via an ash outlet 24 to a suitable collector 25. By mechanical linkage of the throttle valve connected in turn with the H2O entry valve to the steam generating pipes, a balance of water consumption to hydrogen produced can be achieved and a continuous (variable) production obtained.
Figure 4 shows a further embodiment of the invention. The general arrangement is similar to that shown in figures 1, 2 and 3, like parts being indicated by the same reference numerals. This unit, however, has been specifically designed for use in an automobile engine 30 and has lateral exhaust inlets 31 which are bolted to the engine in place of the conventional exhaust manifold, and a centrally positioned exhaust outlet 32 for connection to a conventional exhaust/silencer system 33. The gas outlet can be fed to a provided for the diaphragm 9. Also a baffle 27 is positioned over the exhaust outlet 32.
WHAT WE CLAIM IS:
1. A water-gas generator for an internal combustion engine, comprising a chamber with exhaust inlet means for connection to the exhaust ouptlet(s) of an internal combustion engine for the admission of hot gases to the chamber, a heat-exchange wall over one side of which, in use, the hot gases in the chamber flow, means for feeding carbon and steam into a reaction region on the opposite side of said wall, and outlet means for feeding the gases produced by reaction of the carbon and steam in said reaction region to a fuel inlet of the engine.
2. A generator according to claim 1 including a heating pipe or pipes extending through said chamber into which pipes water may be fed for producing the steam.
3. A generator according to claim 1 or 2, in which the apparatus comprises a generally cylindrical casing divided longitudinally by the heat exchange wall into said (first) chamber and a second chamber which forms said reaction region.
4. A generator according to claim 3, in which the heat-exchange wall is in the form of a corrugated sheet.
5. A generator according to claim 3 or 4, in which the means for feeding carbon and steam comprises means for supplying carbon granules to lie on the surface of the heat exchange wall and a steam dispenser arranged to direct steam onto the granules.
6. A generator according to any one of the preceding cleaims, in which the outlet means includes a reheat tube passing through said first chamber.
7. A generator according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the exhaust inlet means comprises a plurality of ports arranged in line for direct connection to the exhaust ports of a multi-cylinder engine.
8. A water gas generator substantially as herein described wth reference to figures 1, 2 and 3 of the accompanying drawings.
9. A water gas generator substantially as herein described with reference to figure 4
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.
Claims (10)
1. A water-gas generator for an internal combustion engine, comprising a chamber with exhaust inlet means for connection to the exhaust ouptlet(s) of an internal combustion engine for the admission of hot gases to the chamber, a heat-exchange wall over one side of which, in use, the hot gases in the chamber flow, means for feeding carbon and steam into a reaction region on the opposite side of said wall, and outlet means for feeding the gases produced by reaction of the carbon and steam in said reaction region to a fuel inlet of the engine.
2. A generator according to claim 1 including a heating pipe or pipes extending through said chamber into which pipes water may be fed for producing the steam.
3. A generator according to claim 1 or 2, in which the apparatus comprises a generally cylindrical casing divided longitudinally by the heat exchange wall into said (first) chamber and a second chamber which forms said reaction region.
4. A generator according to claim 3, in which the heat-exchange wall is in the form of a corrugated sheet.
5. A generator according to claim 3 or 4, in which the means for feeding carbon and steam comprises means for supplying carbon granules to lie on the surface of the heat exchange wall and a steam dispenser arranged to direct steam onto the granules.
6. A generator according to any one of the preceding cleaims, in which the outlet means includes a reheat tube passing through said first chamber.
7. A generator according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the exhaust inlet means comprises a plurality of ports arranged in line for direct connection to the exhaust ports of a multi-cylinder engine.
8. A water gas generator substantially as herein described wth reference to figures 1, 2 and 3 of the accompanying drawings.
9. A water gas generator substantially as herein described with reference to figure 4
of the accompanying drawings
10. An internal combustion engine fitted with a water gas generator according to any one of the preceding claims.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB15198/77A GB1601693A (en) | 1978-05-17 | 1978-05-17 | Water gas generator |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB15198/77A GB1601693A (en) | 1978-05-17 | 1978-05-17 | Water gas generator |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB1601693A true GB1601693A (en) | 1981-11-04 |
Family
ID=10054768
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB15198/77A Expired GB1601693A (en) | 1978-05-17 | 1978-05-17 | Water gas generator |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB1601693A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2140025A (en) * | 1983-03-09 | 1984-11-21 | Willy Evrard | Gas producer |
-
1978
- 1978-05-17 GB GB15198/77A patent/GB1601693A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2140025A (en) * | 1983-03-09 | 1984-11-21 | Willy Evrard | Gas producer |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| CSNS | Application of which complete specification have been accepted and published, but patent is not sealed |