GB1565490A - Communication network - Google Patents

Description

(54) A COMMUNICATION NETWORK (71) We, INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION, a Corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of New York in the United States of America, of Armonk, New York 10504, United States of America, do hereby declare the invention for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: The invention relates to a communication network and particularly relates to a method of intertransponder communication in a time division multiple access communication network and a receiver apparatus of the communication network.

U.S. Patent 4,009,344 discloses a system employing TDMA and demand assignment operations.

In TDMA operation multiple transceiver stations associated with radio signaling nodes transmits bursts of time concentrated information signals on a shared carrier frequency spectrum and receive the same information signals after repetition by the satellite on a shifted carrier frequency spectrum. Each station is assigned particular time slots in a continuum of recurrent frames for transmission of its bursts and for reception of its own bursts and bursts of other stations. The bursts interleave at the satellite in close time formation without overlapping.

In D.A. Operation lengths of assigned slots may be varied in accordance with the relative distribution of demand at the signaling nodes.

Various systems have been proposed for enabling stations operating in TDMA mode relative to different transponder frequency spectra to intercommunicate. Such proposed systems have been rejected for various reasons. Systems based upon time domain switching relative to transmission frequency spectra have been rejected as overly expensive and inefficient because of the magnitudes of transmission power which must be handled. Systems based upon simultaneous transmission on plural frequency bands at each node have been rejected as inefficient and overly complex.

According to the invention there is provided a method of intertransponder communication in a time division multiple access (TDMA) communication network comprising partitioning TDMA burst frame periods into IN GROUP and CROSS GROUP sub-periods. at individual radio transceiving nodes in plural groups of nodes, transmitting bursts of information signals in TDMA slots in each of said subperiods, signal bursts transmitted from any node in either sub-period being carried as modulation only on one outgoing radio carrier frequency associated with the respective group, each group having a different associated outgoing carrier frequency, relaying signal bursts from each group of nodes through an associated transponder segment of a satellite repeater on an associated incoming carrier frequency, each group having a different associated transponder segment having a unique pair of outgoing and incoming carrier frequencies at individual nodes of each group, selectively receiving signals relayed by said repeater, each node receiving the incoming frequency associated with the respective group during IN GROUP sub-periods and the incoming carrier frequencies associated with other groups during the CROSS GROUP sub-periods, nodes in different groups thereby being capable of exchanging signals during the CROSS GROUP sub-periods.

Further according to the invention there is provided a receiver apparatus for use in association with a transceiver node belonging to a first group of nodes of a time division rmu'it ple access (TDMA) commu nicaiion s2esork, the apparatus comprising first and second means for detecting burst signals in TDMA form, originated respectively at said first group of nodes and at a second group of nodes, after said signals have been relayed through different first and second transponder segments of a satellite repeater, said segments exclusively associated with respective said groups, means for processing said detected burst signals, switching means between said detecting and processing means for connecting said processing means alternately to said first and second detecting means in discrete predetermined IN GROUP and CROSS GROUP subperiods of recurrent frame periods means associated with said processing means for timing transitional operations of said switching means in association with crossover time information contained in signals detected by a predetermined one of said detecting means.

The invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: FIGURES 1 and 2 illustrate two TDMA communication networks formed by discrete groups of stations operating relative to separate time-divided frequency bands (transponder segments) of a satellite radio repeater; FIGURES 3 and 4 illustrate the organization of a typical nodal access station suitable for adaption to operate in a system in accordance with the invention; FIGURES 5 to 8 are schematic signal diagrams for explaining the method of operation according to the invention; FIGURES 9 to 13 illustrate diagrammatically the frame formats for burst signaling in a system operating in accordance with the subject invention; FIGURE 14 illustrates in diagrammatic form transponder frequency spectra;; FIGURES 15, 16 and 18 schemetically illustrate the logic of station reception for operation in accordance with the invention; FIGURE 17 illustrates station equipment for producing timing apertures for burst transmission; FIGURES 19 and 20 illustrates the process of crossover time determination conducted by primary and secondary stations.

Figure 1 suggests a first group of radio stations 10 which are located at geographically separated sites on the surface of the earth 12 and intercommunicate in TDMA mode through geostationary satellite repeater 14 (also designated R) using an associated transmission carrier frequency ftl. Figure 2 suggests a second group of radio stations 16, which may be geographically remote from stations of the first group and intercommunicate in TDMA mode through the same satellite repeater 14 using transmission carrier frequency ft2 separate from ftl. This invention concerns a method of linking stations in both groups.

The radio antennas in groups 1 and 2 are referred to as radiation access nodes N and identified by discrete 2-digit numerical suffixes; NIX for group 1 and N2Y for group 2, where X ranges from 1 through m and Y from 1 through n.

In the specific embodiment to be described m and n can each be as large as 100.

Station equipment associated with each radiation access node N is designated by the symbol S and a corresponding two digit suffix. Such equipment performs radio transceiving operations, information processing operations, through-connection operations and signal conversion functions.

In ordinary TDMA operations stations in both groups transmit bursts of time concentrated information signals in each TDMA frame. The information signals are carried as modulation on respective group carrier frequencies ftl and ft2. The bursts of individual stations are timed relative to the bursts of a reference/master station in each group so as to reach the satellite repeater in closely spaced time formation without overlapping. The repeater operates as a transponder to shift the carrier frequency spectra (ftl to frl and ft2 to fr2) and retransmits the information in a time multiplexed mosaic (or composite) of bursts. This mosaic is received by each station of the associated group and from it each station extracts control information and traffic information pre-scheduled for connective routing through ports of that station.

FIG. 3 illustrates the general organization of access equipment in a typical station. The station ports are designated by an ordered series of symbols PO, P1 . . . Pk where k in an integer with a predetermined range. The station equipment 30 exchanges information signals with the ports and provides time compression/decompression (buffer storage) and time division multiplex/demultiplex handling of information signals relative to transceiver access port 32 which is linked to the associated access node antenna 34.

Referring to FIG. 4 the ports of such a station may be assigned to carry telephone (voice) traffic signals and data traffic signals. Voice ports are indicated at 40 and data ports at 42. Typically the voice ports exchange analog "voice" signals with time shared station circuits 44 which convert such signals between analog and digital (e.g., delta modulation) forms. "Traffic" signals entering the station equipment at voice telephone ports are converted from analog to digital (delta mod) form and traffic signals passing from the station equipment to voice ports are converted from digital to analog form. Line scanning circuits 46 interface with conversion circuits 44 and data ports 42 for exchanging traffic signals bit-sequentially between multiple ports 40, 42 and line buffer storage arrays 48.

Buffer arrays 48 exchange bytes (groups of bits) between byte storage spaces associated with specific ports and block (channel) storage spaces in burst buffer storage arrays 50 through slot interchange switching array circuits 52. Spaces in arrays 50 are associated with time division channels in the TDMA burst communication path to the satellite. Circuits 52 operate as a time position switching exchange relative to the ports and satellite TDMA channels.

Burst buffer arrays 50 exchange multibyte blocks (channels) of bursts traffic with burst multiplex/demultiplex process circuits 54. Circuits 54 exchange burst information signals with modulation/demodulation circuits of transceiver equipment 56 which links to the satellite access node 34.

Connection request sensing circuits 58 interface with ports 40, 42 for sensing connection request signals (e.g., "off-hook" signals at ports 40), initiating setup of connections and terminating (releasing) connections. Common control facilities 60 (e.g., a programmed general purpose data processing system) interface with connection sensing circuits 58 and multiplex/ demultiplex circuits 54 for exchanging information (including connection request, connection acknowledgment and connection release information) with other stations via access node 34 and the satellite repeater. Facilities 60 also connect with slot interchange circuits 52 for setting up connections in the respective station equipment.Facilities 60 also operate as described below to control station synchronization for TDMA operation and to provide interstation communication for slot and crossover time assignment processes by which satellite burst time is allocated to the stations.

The organization and operation of station equipment associated with a similar singlegroup TDMA/DA system is described in the above-referenced patent 4,009,344 to Flemming. To the extent that such description is relevant to the system and demand assignment process described herein it is incorporated herein by reference.

The information channels exchanged between buffer arrays 50 and satellite access node 34 are time concentrated into TDMA bursts which occupy small fractions of a TDMA time frame. The multiplexing section 54.1 of circuits 54 composes the outgoing channels of information into burst form. The transmitting section 56.1 of transceiver equipment 56 modulates the outgoing channels on the carrier ftl or ft2 of the group associated with this station for transmission to the satellite repeater.

Typically the modulation may be in the form of quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK). The satellite shifts the carrier bands of group 1 signals to frl and group 2 signals to fr2, and retransmits composite interleaved bursts on each frequency.

Retransmitted bursts are received at radiation nodes 34, demodulated in receiving sections 56.2 of station transceivers 56 and demultiplexed in section 54.2 of station equipment 54. Section 54.2 in association with common control system 60 selects from among all of the channels of information in the received composite only those channels which are scheduled for utilization by or connection through the respective station (e.g., on the basis of connection tables maintained by system 60 and destination intelligence included in the received information). In each station selected channels which represent port traffic are passed to burst buffers 50 and distributed to ports 40, 42 (via switch 52, buffers 48, scanner 46 and circuit 44).The selected information channels which represent station control information are forwarded to system 60 and used for station synchronization, connection (including telephone line ringing) and release of connections. Other common control time assignment functions performed at particular reference (assignment) station in each group will be considered and described below.

INTER-GROUP CONNECTION Interconnection between stations of the first group (FIG. 1) and of the second group (FIG. 2) is accomplished in accordance with the present invention as follows. Referring to FIGS. 5 and 8, both groups use TDMA frame intervals T of equal duration and predetermined phase.

Each frame is partitioned into IN GROUP and CROSS GROUP periods (sub-intervals) relative to each group. IN GROUP periods associated with group 1 stations (FIG. 1) are designated T11 (FIGS. 5 and 7) and IN GROUP periods associated with stations in group 2 (FIG.

2) are designated T22 (see FIGS. 6 and 8).

CROSS GROUP periods associated with stations in group 1 are designated T12 (see FIGS. 5 and 7) and CROSS GROUP periods associated with stations in group 2 are designated T21 (see FIGS. 6 and 8).

The crossover time point TI/X between T11 and T12 FIG. 5) coincides with crossover time point TIlx between T22 and T21 (FIG. 6).

FIGS. 5 and 6 characterize transmission of bursts B from any access node Nla in the first group and any access node N2b in the second group. Bursts from station Sla (and node Nla) in the first group are designated Blla when such bursts occur in IN GROUP time Ti 1 and B12a when coincident with CROSS GROUP time T12 (see FIG. 5). Bursts from station S2b (and node N2b) in the second group are designated B22b in T22 and B21b in T21. All bursts from Nla and all other first group nodes are carried on group carrier frequency ftl, and all bursts from N2b and the other second group nodes are carried on group carrier frequency ft2.

FIGS. 7 and 8 characterize the form of signals received at typical stations such as Sla and S2b in each group. During IN GROUP time Toll, each station in the first group, such as station Sla, receives an identical composite sequence of multiple bursts Blll, . . ., Blla, . . ., Bllm (FIG.

7) modulated on carrier frequency frl which is associated in a transponder pairing with ftl. B111 is a frame reference burst. Coincidentally during IN GROUP time T22 stations such as S2b receive bursts Bill, B221, . . . > B22b, . . ., etc.

(FIG. 8); where Bi 11 is carried on frl and the other bursts are carried on fr2 which is associated with ft2.

Consequently in Ti 1 stations in the first group receive only bursts Bllx originated at nodes in the first group while coincidentally in T22 stations in the second group receive the frame reference burst Bi 11 (from a reference station in the first group) and bursts B22X from stations in the second group.

In CROSS GROUP time T12 stations in the first group such as Sla receive burst sequences B211, B212, . . ., B21X (FIG.

7) from stations in the second group, while coincidentally in T21 stations in the second group receive burst sequences . . . B21x . . . (FIG. 8) from stations in the first group.

Consequently these stations intercommunicate by receiving bursts originated from stations in the same group during the associated IN GROUP time (Til or T22) and from stations in the other group during the associated CROSS GROUP time (T12 or T21).

FRAME FORMAT A TDMA frame format which sustains IN GROUP and CROSS GROUP communication as described above (on separate transponder frequencies) is shown in FIGS.

9 through 13. Frames (FR) are fifteen milliseconds in duration. Groups of twenty consecutive frames comprise a superframe (SF) of 300 milliseconds duration. The superframe is the unit of signaling time for exchange of demand information. The exchange process will be described later with reference to FIG. 21.

Each frame consists of 1575 channel slots each channel slot comprising 512 bit slots. Station bursts have various lengths usually encompassing at least one-half of a channel. This frame structure is designed to sustain bit transmission rates in excess of 53X106 bits per second. The form of a typical frame FR(u) is suggested at 100 (FIG. 9). The time point at which the frame begins is designated to. The first channel slot after to is allocated for communication of a frame reference burst 102 (FRB). This burst is transmitted on ftl by one predetermined station of the first group (FIG. 1) which is designated the primary reference station. The FRB burst is received (on frl) by stations in both groups and utilized as a keying reference to synchronizing the burst transmissions of all stations relative to the satellite repeater.

The stations in the first group (group 1) receive the FRB (frame reference burst) in time continuity with the beginning of their IN GROUP reception mode (see Toll, FIG.

7). Stations in the second group (group 2) receive the FRB in time continuity with the end of their CROSS GROUP mode of reception (see T21, FIG. 8). The form of the FRB will be discussed later.

The next four and a half channels of frame time are allocated for a group assignment burst (G-AB) 104. In this slot one group assignment burst G-AB1 is sent relative to group 1 stations on frequency ftl and another group assignment burst G-AB2 is sent relative to group 2 stations on carrier frequency ft2. G-AB1 is transmitted preferably by the primary reference station which transmits the FRB and occupies the entire slot 104. G-AB2 is transmitted by a predetermined "assignment station" in group 2 (also called the secondary reference station) and also occupies the entire slot 104. The secondary reference station may be any station in group 2. The form of the bursts G-AB will be discussed later.

The next seven and a half channels of frame time (shown at 106, FIG. 9)- are allocated for transmission reference bursts (XRB's). There are five XRB slots each 1.5 channels wide on each transponder (ftl, ft2). Each XRB is allottable to a different station. In successive frames of the superframe the XRB slots may be allotted to different sub-groups of five stations in each group so that each station of a group (of up to 100 stations) has at least one XRB slot available to it per super-frame. The form of the XRB burst will be discussed later.

The next 1559.5 channels of the frame, shown at 108 in FIG. 9, are available for demand assignable allocation to multiple stations for sustaining exchanges of traffic between ports of separate stations and of station control information between station control centers 60 (FIG. 4). The burst slots allocated to group 1 stations are carried on frequency ftl. Those allocated to group 2 stations are carried on frequency ft2. Exchanges of station control information in the intervals 108 can be used for setting up and releasing connections relative to station ports, and for varying the relative timing of the IN GROUP periods (toll and T22) and CROSS GROUP periods (T12, T21).

Tiix denotes the time point of transition within interval 108 (also termed the crossover time) between IN GROUPS and CROSS GROUP periods. Traffic bursts preceding This, termed IN GROUP traffic bursts, are transmitted only to ftl by stations in group 1 and only on ft2 by stations in group 2; and are receivable only by stations in the respective groups on frl and fr2 respectively. Traffic bursts following after TI/X, termed CROSS GROUP traffic bursts, are transmitted only on ftl by stations in group 1 and only on ft2 by stations in group 2; and are receivable by stations in the opposite groups (see FIGS. 7 and 8).

The last two and a half channels of each frame shown at 110 in FIG. 9 are allocated for CROSS GROUP assignment bursts "CG-AB" which correspond to bursts G-AB in intervals 104. The bursts CG-AB1 corresponding to G-AB1 is sent by the reference station of group 1 on ftl in T12. Hence it is received by the stations in group 2. The burst CG-AB2 corresponding to G-AB2 is sent by the assignment (secondary reference) station of group 2 on ft2 and T21. Hence it is received by the stations in group 1. Consequently the bursts CG-AB enable the individual stations of each group to determine the time of arrival of CROSS GROUP traffic and establish reception apertures for CROSS GROUP traffic.

The format of the frame reference burst FRB is shown in FIG. 10. This burst includes a preamble bit sequence 120 followed by a frame identity bit sequence 122 (which may also be used to identify the primary node source if the source is variable). This is followed by data and "pad" sequences 124 and 126. The preample 120 is 224 bits long and is used by each receiving station to establish bit synchronism for reception of the FRB information. The frame identity sequence of 32 bits is used to distinguish the frame position within the superframe. The data sequence of 128 bits contains information for synchronizing burst transmissions of stations in both groups and will be explained further below.The pad sequence of 128 bits serves as a filler which enables stations of group 1 to maintain bit synchronism while stations of group 2 switch their reception frequencies from frl to fr2 as explained later.

The data sequence 124 contains different information in successive frames of the superframe. In frames FRO, FR5, FR10 and FR15 of the superframe the data 124 contains delay deviation (range different information) which characterizes the deviation of the signal propagation delay between the reference station and the satellite from a predetermined nominal delay value.

In frames FR1, FR6, FR1i and FR16 the data 124 comprises time of day information. In frame FR2, FR7, FR12 and FR17 the data 124 contains crossover time information which designates the time position of TI/X relative to to. In all other frames the slot 124 contains filler bits which are not used for information communication in the presently described embodiment but are available for future expansion of the system to accommodate more reference information.

The group assignment burst G-AB is shown in FIG. 11. The beginning of this burst at 130 coincides with the end of the FRB burst. The burst comprises a preamble sequence 132 (224 bits), an identity sequence 134 (32 bits), an assignment data sequence 136 (1792 bits) and a guard space 138 (256 bit slots). The preamble is used by the receiving stations for bit synchronization. The identity field is used to distinguish the node which originates this burst (the group 1 primary reference station or group 2 secondary reference station). The assignment data 136 comprises up to twenty node assignments for IN GROUP communication and up to twenty node assignments for CROSS GROUP communication which are discussed below. The guard space 138 is a quiescent interval (of no signaling) which is used as a guard space relative to the beginning of the transmit reference burst slots.

The assignment data 136 indicates to up to twenty specific stations their burst assignment time relative to to for transmitting their bursts. The IN GROUP assignments in G-AB1 indicate to group 1 stations their respective burst transmission time assignments in time periods T l (FIGS. 5, 7). The IN GROUP assignments in G-AB 1 are also used by group 1 stations to develop reception apertures for selecting traffic information in time portions of Ti 1 which are scheduled for reception at the respective nodes. The CROSS GROUP assignments in G-AB 1 indicate to the same stations in group 1 their transmission time assignment T12 (FIGS. 5, 7).The IN GROUP assignments in G-AB2 indicate to stations in group 2 their transmission assignments and enable these stations to establish their reception apertures in T22 (FIGS. 6, 8) and the CROSS GROUP assignments indicate to the same stations their transmission assignments in T21.

The form of each transmit reference burst XRB is indicated in FIG. 12. Each XRB (there are five XRB's per frame) comprises a preamble sequence 140 (224 bits), an identity sequence 142 (32 bits), a data sequence 144 (288 bits) and a guard space 146 (256 bit slots). The guard space is void of signals. The five XRB slots in a frame are allocatible to five different stations and are used by the respective stations to acquire synchronism for burst transmission and to signal status and demand requirements relative to the other nodes in the same and other groups. The identity sequence 142 identifies the node at which each XRB originates. The data sequence 144 contains the status and demand information.

FIG. 13 illustrates the form of the CROSS GROUP assignment bursts CG-AB transmitted by the assignment (primary reference) station in group 1 and the assignment (secondary reference) station in group 2. Since these bursts are sent in coincidence during the CROSS GROUP interval T12 and T21 they are received by the stations in the opposite group. The bursts CG-AB1 sent by the reference station in group 1 are received by the stations in group 2. The bursts CG-AB2 sent by the assignment station in group 2 are received by the stations in group 1.

These bursts contain the CROSS GROUP assignment information of the corresponding bursts G-AB and are utilized by the stations receiving such bursts for developing reception apertures for selecting traffic information in T12 and T21 which is scheduled for reception at the respective nodes. Each such burst is 2.5 channels wide and comprises a preamble sequence 150 (224 bits), an identity sequence 152 (32 bits), assignment data 154 (896 bits) and a quiescent guard space 156 (128 bit slots); a total of two and a half channels (1280 bit slots). The assignment information corresponds identically to the CROSS GROUP assignment information contained in the corresponding G-AB burst.However since the bursts CG-AB are received during CROSS GROUP times T12 and T21 the CROSS GROUP assignment information enables the receiving stations to establish selective reception apertures for selective handling of inter-group traffic.

GROUP TRANSPONDER SPECTRA FIG. 14 illustrates the spectral distribution of the satellite transponder facilities allocatable to the two groups. This is obviously non-limitative and is illustrated only for the purpose of indicating the minimal required separation and bandwidth of such spectra. The transmission carrier frequency bands associated with ftl and ft2 are 54 megahertz wide and are separated by a guard band of at least 7 megahertz as shown. The bands for reception associated with frl and fr2 are also 54 megahertz wide and separated by guard bands of 7 megahertz. The bands for transmission and reception may be separated by 2.3 gigahertz.

STATION RECEPTION FIG. 15 illustrates the receiving equipment of a station schematically. The incoming signals are passed through wide band rf amplifier 170 to mixing circuits 172 and 174. Mixers 172 and 174 are respectively coupled to sources of local oscillation 176 and 178. Mixers 172 and 174 feed their respective outputs to narrow band filters 180 and 182. Outputs of circuits 180 and 182, which correspond to the modulation carried on fr2 and frl respectively (i.e., corresponding to the signals sent by group 2 and group 1 stations respectively), pass to signal taps A and B.

Switch 184 (SW) alternates in position between taps A and B in each frame, and thereby alternately recovers IN GROUP and CROSS GROUP signals. The alternation actions of the switch 184 are controlled by line 186 labelled TRP SELECT. This action occurs in a time pattern which is dependent on the group association of the station. The signals passed through switch 184 are applied to carrier recovery circuits 188, clock recovery circuits 190 and symbol (bit) recovery circuits 192. The carrier recovery and clock recovery circuits operate to recover bit synchronization (bit clock). The symbol recovery circuits 192 operate to recover the bit information contained in the transmitted signals.

Unique word detection circuits 194 coupled to the outputs of the clock and bit recovery circuits detect unique words contained within the preambles of the various bursts. The same unique word may be used in the frame reference bursts FRB, the group assignment bursts (G-AB, CG AB), the transmit reference bursts and the traffic bursts. The form of the unique word is considered non-relevant to the present invention. Furthermore, the utilization of unique words in TDMA communication bursts is well known in the art.

FIG. 16 illustrates the recovery of information for operation of the switch 184 (FIG. 15). The bit clock, bit symbol and unique word outputs of FIG. 15 are applied to FRB detection circuit 202 which responds to the unique word of the FRB to produce an enabling signal at its output 204. This signal enables time base circuits 206 and 208 to respectively generate time bases for burst transmission and reception.

The reception time base generates time signals at 210 and 212 corresponding to the reception times of to and t0+384. Circuits 214 operate to distinguish the FRB's in frames 2, 5, 12 and 17 of each superframe. These FRB's contain the crossover time data (see FIG. 10). The crossover time data is recovered by circuits 216 and staticized in register 218. Count/compare circuits 220 count from reception time to of each frame to reception time T,lx of each frame (the latter time designated digitally by the contents of register 218).

Signals corresponding to reception times t0-128, t0+384 and Tl,x are passed via lines 224 and double pole double throw switch 226 (or the logical equivalent of such) as to the TRP Select lines 186 (FIG.

15) associated with switch 184. In group 1 stations switch 226 is fixed in the upward position illustrated in FIG. 16. In group 2 stations switch 226 is fixed in the down position opposite to the up position shown in FIG. 16. In the up position the signals transferred by switch 226 to TRP SELECT lines 186 (FIG. 15) cause the switch 184 (FIG. 15) to transfer from position A to position B at reception times tO- 128 and from position B to position A at reception times T,lx;; thereby enabling group 1 stations to receive group 1 signals (carried on frl) after to and group 2 signals (carried on fr2) after This+ 128. When fixed in the down position switch 226 passes signals to TRP Select line 186 transferring switch 184 from position B to position A at t0+384 and from position A to position B at TI/X; thereby enabling stations in group 2 to receive group 2 signals (car ried on fr2) after t0+512 and group 1 signals (carried on frl) after TI,X+128.

Since t0+384 occurs after arrival of the useful information of the FRB the stations in group 2 will also receive the FRB sent by the reference station of group 1. Since the FRB occupies the time between tO and t0+512 the "pad" space of 128 bits between t0+384 and tO+512 allows time to complete the switchover transition. A similar transition time for switchover should be allowed relative to This. Consequently the signal associated with T11 on lines 186 (FIG. 15) should precede the arrival time of useful information in the CROSS GROUP intervals (T12 and T21) by at least 128 bits.

TRAFFIC BURST RECEPTION Traffic burst reception is illustrated in FIG. 18. Circuits 240 operate to recover the IN GROUP assignment data 136 (FIG.

11) in the received group assignment bursts G-AB. Circuits 240 may be integrated in the common control system 60 (FIG. 4).

The assignment data recovered by the circuits 240 is applied to timing circuits 242 which generate reception apertures relative to the IN GROUP portions of the composite incoming traffic bit stream (i.e., in Tll or T22).

The IN GROUP traffic reception time period spans the time space between t0+6656 (beginning thirteen channels after tO; see FIG. 9) and This. Signals defining this time period are received from the re ceive time base circuits 208 (FIG. 16). IN GROUP connection data of the respective station is presented at 244. Such data is maintained as previously indicated by the common control system 60 of the associated station. This connection data, in combination with the IN GROUP assignment data, is sufficient to establish the channel portions of the incoming traffic bit stream which are scheduled for utilization at the respective station. The IN GROUP traffic stream is processed selectively through circuits gated by pulse outputs of circuits 242.If the traffic stream contains station control information in "unapertured" slots such control information may be recovered by circuits (not shown) sensitive to the control information signals.

The specific form and mode of recovery of such control information is not considered relevant to the present invention, and will not be considered further in this description.

The CROSS GROUP traffic bit stream is treated similarly. Processing circuits 246 which may be integral to the common control system 60 (FIG. 4) detect and recover the CROSS GROUP assignment data contained in the CROSS GROUP assignment bursts CG-AB. Such data is applied to aperture generating circuits 248 which are enabled during the CROSS GROUP interval which extend from TIlx to to of the next frame. Circuits 248 produce timed reception aperture signals for recovery of specific traffic slot/channel portions of the CROSS GROUP bit stream.

These aperture signals are applied to notshown gate circuits which operate to select out of the CROSS GROUP bit stream the relevant traffic information. As indicated previously if the incoming stream contains relevant station control information in unapertured slots/channels respective station circuits should be adapted to recover such control information separately.

BURST TRANSMISSION Burst transmission involves a process of synchronization acquisition which is presently well understood in the art of TDMA communication. In the present system synchronization acquisition is acquired in three phases: reception acquisition, IN GROUP transmission acquisition and CROSS GROUP transmission acquisition.

At system start-up time the primary reference station in group 1 begins to cyclically transmit FRB's on ftl keyed to an internal frame clock. While doing so the primary reference station reception circuits monitor the signals returning on FR1 for FRB's. When FRB signals are detecting the timing of the receive apertures is adjusted to correct for doppler effects until the incoming FRB's are appropriately "centered" in time.

The propagation delay of FRB's, from transmission to reception, is monitored by not-shown common control circuits of the primary reference station and used to calculate a delay deviation factor relative to the nominal propagation delay for that station for the particular time of day. The primary reference station includes the delay deviation factor and time of day information in its outgoing FRB's. It also includes crossover time data associated with Ti1x in its FRB's. Initially the crossover time may be set arbitrarily (e.g., at the midpoint of the frame).

Stations other than the primary reference station may acquire reception synchronism by recovering the primary reference FRB information in circuits 250 (FIG. 17) and register 218 (FIG. 16). The switch 184 (FIG. 15) may be positioned initially to pass only signals carried on frl, until the FRB's being sent by the primary reference station are being detected repeatedly in successive frame periods in a stable mode.

Thereafter the switch 184 may be operated in the "normal" alternating mode described previously; transferring to the position for CROSS GROUP reception at TIlx and to the position for intra-group reception at the associated group time (tO - 128 in group 1 stations and t0+384 in group 2 stations).

Using the delay deviation, time of day and crossover time information in the FRB a station seeking to acquire synchronization for burst transmission operates its transmission timing circuits 254 (FIG. 17) to send "self-synchronizing" signals in a predetermined IN GROUP slot assigned to that station. Initially such self-synchronizing signals are sent in a traffic slot assigned to the station. After transmit synchronization has been achieved these signals are sent in the XRB slot assigned to the station.

Not all stations in each group need be equipped for inter-group communication.

Stations not so equipped will receive only the associated group frequency (frl in group 1 and fr2 in group 2) and acquire synchronism by detecting FRB signals passed through the associated group transponder. Group 2 stations operating in this manner will receive secondary FRB signals sent by the secondary reference station in a manner detailed below.

Receiving its own self-synchronizing signals in circuits 256 (FIG. 17) a station seeking to acquire transmission synchronism for mixed communication (intragroup and inter-group) adjusts the transmission timing of its self-synchronizing signals to the leading edge of its assigned slot. The "self-synchronizing" signal is timed initially to occupy a central position in the assigned slot (to avoid interference with other slots) and thereafter adjusted incrementally in timing (in "small" increments) until it is consistently positioned at the leading edge of the same slot (over multiple frames); whereupon the station may begin to utilize the XRB slot for transmission of the self-synchronizing signals, demand data, etc.

The primary reference station of group 1 utilizes the XRB's of stations in its group to determine status and connection requirements of said group. The primary reference station sends data in its G-AB1 bursts (FIG. 11) assigning IN GROUP traffic slots to each synchronized station in group 1.

This data is received in circuits 258 (FIG.

17) and utilized to control circuits 254 for transmission of group 1 traffic information.

The secondary reference station of group 2 begins its acquisition of reception synchronization by detecting the primary FRB signals. When reception synchronization is achieved the secondary reference station may begin its acquisition of transmission synchronization using the delay deviation and time of day information forwarded by the primary reference station and its assigned slots on ft2, fr2. It also acquires crossover synchronization by monitoring the crossover time information in the primary FRB's. The other stations in group 2 may acquire reception synchronism similarly, using the primary FRB data, and thereafter acquire transmission synchronism; initially using assigned portions of the traffic space on the associated transponder as described previously to circulate self-synchronizing signals, and thereafter maintaining synchronism by using respective XRB slots to circulate selfsynchronizing signals.

Stations in both groups may acquire CROSS GROUP synchronization by monitoring the crossover time information in the primary reference FRB and switching re spective switches 184 (FIG. 15) at appro priate time points as described previously.

The stations may then use CROSS GROUP assignments (in G-AB1 and CG-AB2 for group 1 stations and G-AB2 and CG-AB1 for group 2 station) to carry on intergroup communications.

For stations not equipped for CROSS GROUP operation the above synchronization system may be modified as follows.

Note (FIG. 10) that the primary reference FRB occupies the interval between to and tO+512 but is carried only on ftl, frl.

Hence there is effectively a vacancy in time on ft2, fr2 between the same time points to and tO+512. This "vacant" slot may be used by the secondary reference station to transmit secondary FRB's (frame reference bursts) which are identical to previously received FRB's sent by the primary station (i.e., primary FRB's).

Stations in group 2 equipped to receive only fr2 will thereby receive and use data in the secondary FRB's and assigned XRB slots on ft2, fr2 to acquire transmission synchronization.

As explained previously stations in both groups adapted for inter-group communi cation will synchronize directly to the primary FRB signals. This is preferred in asmuch as synchronization to the second ary FRB signals in group 2 stations intro duces a potential double "jitter" effect relative to primary reference source. How ever it is not essential if the sources of primary and secondary FRB's are sufficiently stable. In systems having sufficiently stable FRB sources satisfactory operation may be achieved if all stations in group 2, other than the secondary reference station, synchronize to the secondary FRB signals and the secondary reference station and all stations in group 1 synchronize to the primary FRB's.In such systems the stations in group 2, other than the secondary reference station, would switch to IN GROUP reception mode at tO-l28 (i.e., at the same time as group 1 stations) and only the secondary reference station would switch at t0+384.

DEMAND ASSIGNMENT The present system in its preferred mode of operation utilizes two processes of de mand assignment. In one process termed crossover time assignment the primary reference station determines a crossover time associated with TI/X which is com municated in the primary FRB. In another process of assignment the primary and secondary reference stations assign "avail able" time slots within the IN GROUP and CROSS GROUP periods delimited by Tiix to stations of respective groups. The primary reference station assigns slots to group 1 stations in IN GROUP time Tl 1 and CROSS GROUP time T12, and com municates the assignments on assignment .bursts G-AB1.The secondary reference station assigns slots in IN GROUP time T22 and CROSS GROUP time T21 to group 2 stations and communicate the assignments on assignment bursts G-AB2.

This procedure is characterized in FIG.

21. The primary and secondary reference stations receive their respective XRB transmissions at 260 and 262, from respective group stations, and extract demand information as suggested at 264 and 266 respectively. The reference stations allot transmission time slots in respective IN GROUP and CROSS GROUP periods (of respec.

tive transponder frequencies ftl and ft2) in accordance with existing demand as suggested at 268 and 270. The assignments are based on conventional algorithms for TDMA/DA operation which are not relevant to the present invention. The objective is to maximize utilization of the available time and avoid under-utilization of time by some stations while other stations have a need for the same time.

This process operates recursively as indicated by return lines at 272 and 274 to respective processes of XRB recovery.

Concurrenly the primary and secondary reference stations determine the overall utilization of IN GROUP and CROSS GROUP time in the respective groups as shown at 276 and 278. The secondary reference station utilizes signaling channels of the traffic bursts to send messages to the primary station as shown at 280 and suggested by line 281. The group 1 primary station determines the relative utilizaion of IN GROUP and CROSS GROUP time on the transponders associated with both groups 1 and 2. With this information the primary reference station determines a crossover time suitable for balanced utilization of both transponders. If this time is different from the time currently being communicated in the FRB the FRB data is updated as suggested at 282 and the updated crossover time information is communicated to all stations as suggested at 284.The crossover time is changed only on superframe boundaries. All assignments G-AB by the primary and secondary reference stations are based upon time periods delimited by the current (updated) crossover time.

DESTINATION (PORT) ADDRESSING In the foregoing system traffic signal channels may be directed to the ports 40, 42 (FIG. 4) by means of address information in the signal channels. An interesting aspect of the present system is that such address signals in IN GROUP and CROSS GROUP time slots need not be relatively differentiated since slots are received only by stations in one group.

For the situation in which some group 2 stations are adapted only for unitrans ponder (one-frequency) operation it should be apparent that signals sent to such stations during CROSS GROUP time will originate only at group 2 stations and occupy only slots on fr2 which are not in use relative to group 1 stations. Hence common destination addressing presents no problem of ambiguity.

ADAPTATION FOR MORE THAN TWO GROUPS The crossover time partitioning technique described above extends in an obvious mode to serve three groups of stations using three transponder frequencies (ftl/ frl, ft2/fr2 and ft3/fr3). It is merely necessary to define three crossover times in the primary FRB; for respectively delimiting periods for communication between stations of the first and second groups, second and third groups and first and third groups. Obviously the circuits of FIGS. 15-18 would be modified to allow for recovery and utilization of the three crosover time factors.

REFERENCE STATION RECONFIGURATION Should a primary or secondary reference station become unavailable it will be desirable to be able to establish a new primary or secondary reference station.

For this purpose any of the existing stations may be used as a reference station. If time synchronization is not lost the "new" primary or secondary reference station may begin to broadcast the FRB in the FRB slot after the "old" station is "silenced".

A new reference station will also transmit a " new" group assignment burst in the appropriate burst assignment slot. A new secondary reference station may as indicated above also transmit a copy of the primary FRB in the initial (FRB) time slot ft2.

ACCOMMODATION OF FUTURE SATELLITE TECHNOLOGIES The system described above should adapt very simply and economically to future satellite repeater technologies involving the use of more sophisticated "on-board" equipment in the satellite.

FIG. 19 illustrates a hypothetical capability of future satellite repeaters for performing frequency switching on an "intelligent" basis during IN GROUP and CROSS GROUP periods of a basic TDMA frame shared by multiple groups of transceiver nodes. FIG. 19 suggests transposition of carrier frequencies ftl and ft2 to carrier frequencies frl and fr2 respectively during IN GROUP periods, and to fr2 and frl respectively during CROSS GROUP periods. Obviously this would be the equivalent of the functions presently performed by the multiple earth station receivers using more conventional "active" satellite repeaters.

FIG. 20 suggests "on-board" satellite "logic" for shifting the time point of TI/X in accordance with earth station demand. Satellite receiver 300 passes information received by the satellite on ftl and ft2 to on-board processor 302. Facilities 304 in said processor recover the FRB and facilities 306 recover and staticize the crossover time data contained in the FRB. This data is compared in compare circuit 308 to earlier crossover time data in register 310. When inequality exists switch 312 is operated to replace the contents of register 310 with the new crossover time data provided by facilites 306.

The data in register 310 is applied to generator circuit 316 to produce time signals which represent the transition point This from IN GROUP to CROSS GROUP reception periods "on-board" the satellite.

Time base circuits 318 coupled to FRB detector 304 provide signals corresponding to the initial frame time to relative to onboard reception at the satellite. The signals produced by circuits 316 and 318 are applied to the satellite transmission equipment to determine the transition points in time for switching between IN GROUP and CROSS GROUP displacements of the "repeated" frequency.

It should be apparent that only minor modifications of ground station transceiver equipment would be required to adapt to such onboard frequency shifting capability.

The receiver switches such as 184 (FIG.

15) should be fixed in positions such that the respective station receives only the transponder frequency frl or fr2 associated with its own station group during both IN GROUP and CROSS GROUP intervals.

-Quite apparently future stations not equipped with switches 184 would be inherently adaptive to CROSS GROUP operation in such a system.

WHAT WE CLAIM IS: - 1. A method of intertransponder communication in a time division multiple access (TDMA) communication network comprising partitioning TDMA burst frame periods into IN GROUP and CROSS GROUP sub-periods, at individual radio transceiving nodes in plural groups of nodes, transmitting bursts of information signals in TDMA slots in each of said subperiods, signal bursts transmitted from any node in either sub-period being carried as modulation only on one outgoing radio carrier frequency associated with the respective group, each group having a different associated outgoing carrier frequency, relaying signal bursts from each group of nodes through an associated transponder segment of a satellite repeater on an associated incoming carrier fre

**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.

Claims (12)

1. **WARNING** start of CLMS field may overlap end of DESC **.

   ponder (one-frequency) operation it should be apparent that signals sent to such stations during CROSS GROUP time will originate only at group 2 stations and occupy only slots on fr2 which are not in use relative to group 1 stations. Hence common destination addressing presents no problem of ambiguity.

   ADAPTATION FOR MORE THAN TWO GROUPS The crossover time partitioning technique described above extends in an obvious mode to serve three groups of stations using three transponder frequencies (ftl/ frl, ft2/fr2 and ft3/fr3). It is merely necessary to define three crossover times in the primary FRB; for respectively delimiting periods for communication between stations of the first and second groups, second and third groups and first and third groups. Obviously the circuits of FIGS. 15-18 would be modified to allow for recovery and utilization of the three crosover time factors.

   REFERENCE STATION RECONFIGURATION Should a primary or secondary reference station become unavailable it will be desirable to be able to establish a new primary or secondary reference station.

   For this purpose any of the existing stations may be used as a reference station. If time synchronization is not lost the "new" primary or secondary reference station may begin to broadcast the FRB in the FRB slot after the "old" station is "silenced".

   A new reference station will also transmit a " new" group assignment burst in the appropriate burst assignment slot. A new secondary reference station may as indicated above also transmit a copy of the primary FRB in the initial (FRB) time slot ft2.

   ACCOMMODATION OF FUTURE SATELLITE TECHNOLOGIES The system described above should adapt very simply and economically to future satellite repeater technologies involving the use of more sophisticated "on-board" equipment in the satellite.

   FIG. 19 illustrates a hypothetical capability of future satellite repeaters for performing frequency switching on an "intelligent" basis during IN GROUP and CROSS GROUP periods of a basic TDMA frame shared by multiple groups of transceiver nodes. FIG. 19 suggests transposition of carrier frequencies ftl and ft2 to carrier frequencies frl and fr2 respectively during IN GROUP periods, and to fr2 and frl respectively during CROSS GROUP periods. Obviously this would be the equivalent of the functions presently performed by the multiple earth station receivers using more conventional "active" satellite repeaters.

   FIG. 20 suggests "on-board" satellite "logic" for shifting the time point of TI/X in accordance with earth station demand. Satellite receiver 300 passes information received by the satellite on ftl and ft2 to on-board processor 302. Facilities 304 in said processor recover the FRB and facilities 306 recover and staticize the crossover time data contained in the FRB. This data is compared in compare circuit 308 to earlier crossover time data in register 310. When inequality exists switch 312 is operated to replace the contents of register 310 with the new crossover time data provided by facilites 306.

   The data in register 310 is applied to generator circuit 316 to produce time signals which represent the transition point This from IN GROUP to CROSS GROUP reception periods "on-board" the satellite.

   Time base circuits 318 coupled to FRB detector 304 provide signals corresponding to the initial frame time to relative to onboard reception at the satellite. The signals produced by circuits 316 and 318 are applied to the satellite transmission equipment to determine the transition points in time for switching between IN GROUP and CROSS GROUP displacements of the "repeated" frequency.

   It should be apparent that only minor modifications of ground station transceiver equipment would be required to adapt to such onboard frequency shifting capability.

   The receiver switches such as 184 (FIG.

   15) should be fixed in positions such that the respective station receives only the transponder frequency frl or fr2 associated with its own station group during both IN GROUP and CROSS GROUP intervals.

   -Quite apparently future stations not equipped with switches 184 would be inherently adaptive to CROSS GROUP operation in such a system.

   WHAT WE CLAIM IS: - 1. A method of intertransponder communication in a time division multiple access (TDMA) communication network comprising partitioning TDMA burst frame periods into IN GROUP and CROSS GROUP sub-periods, at individual radio transceiving nodes in plural groups of nodes, transmitting bursts of information signals in TDMA slots in each of said subperiods, signal bursts transmitted from any node in either sub-period being carried as modulation only on one outgoing radio carrier frequency associated with the respective group, each group having a different associated outgoing carrier frequency, relaying signal bursts from each group of nodes through an associated transponder segment of a satellite repeater on an associated incoming carrier fre

   quency, each group having a different associated transponder segment having a unique pair of outgoing and incoming carrier frequencies, at individual nodes of each group, selectively receiving signals relayed by said repeater, each node receiving the incoming frequency associated with the respective group during IN GROUP sub-periods and the incoming carrier frequencies associated with other groups during the CROSS GROUP sub-periods, nodes in different groups thereby being capable of exchanging signals during the CROSS GROUP subperiods.
2. 2. A method in accordance with claim 1, including varying the relative durations of said IN GROUP and CROSS GROUP sub-periods in accordance with crossover time information transmitted from a reference node in one of said groups on the outgoing carrier frequency of said one group, said crossover time information being transmitted in a burst in a predetermined burst slot of each said frame period and received at nodes in each of said groups.
3. 3. A method in accordance with claim 1 or 2, comprising demultiplexing signals received at said nodes, for distribution to ports associated with each node, in accordance with destination address information included on the relayed signals, said address information characterized in that identical address code sets are used in all sub-periods to designate destination ports.
4. 4. A method in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 3, including relaying frame reference information signals through said repeater to said nodes; said reference signals designating a variable crossover time representing a partition boundary in each frame period between the sub-period of that period, detecting said relayed frame reference signals at nodes of each group, and keying transmissions in both subperiods from each node detecting said frame reference signals to times of detection of said frame reference signals at the respective node.
5. 5. A method in accordance with claim 4, including receiving said frame reference signals at nodes, in one of said groups in time and frequency continuity with reception of IN GROUP transmissions relative to said one group, and receiving said frame reference signals at nodes in groups other than said one group in time and frequency continuity with reception of CROSS GROUP transmissions relative to said other groups.
6. 6. A method in accordance with claim 4, including at each node of each group, using a transmit reference burst (XRB) time slot in said IN GROUP sub-periods to lock transmissions from the respective node, in both the IN GROUP and CROSS GROUP sub-periods, in fixed time relation to the detection of said frame reference signals.
7. 7. A method in accordance with claim 4, including transmitting variable burst time assignment information from predetermined nodes in each group in said IN GROUP and CROSS GROUP subperiods, and timing transmission and reception of bursts at nodes of each group variably in accordance with the time assignment information received at said nodes in said sub-periods.
8. 8. A receiver apparatus for use in association with a transceiver node belonging to a first group of nodes of a time division multiple access (TDMA) communication network, the apparatus comprising first and second means for detecting burst signals in TDMA form, originated respectively at said first group of nodes and at a second group of nodes, after said signals have been relayed through different first and second transponder segments of a satellite repeater, said segments exclusively associated with respective said groups, means for processing said detected burst signals, switching means between said detecting and processing means for connecting said processing means alternately to said first and second detecting means in discrete predetermined IN GROUP and CROSS GROUP subperiods of recurrent frame periods means associated with said processing means for timing transitional operations of said switching means in association with crossover time information contained in signals detected by a predetermined one of said detecting means.
9. 9. An apparatus in accordance with claim 8, including means for transmitting burst signals from said node associated with said receiver apparatus, relative to a transponder segment associated with said first group, in predetermined burst time slots in each of said sub-periods, means associated with said processing and switching means in said receiver apparatus for detecting frame reference signals handled through one of said detecting means, means responsive to said detected frame reference signals for controlling the timing of bursts transmitted from the associated node in each of said sub-periods, bursts transmitted from the associated node in said IN GROUP sub-periods being subject to being processed only at nodes in the first group and bursts transmitted from the associated node in the CROSS GROUP sub-periods being subject to being processed at nodes in other groups.
10. 10. An apparatus in accordance with claim 8 or 9, including means associated with said processing means for detecting time assignment information received during one of said sub-periods, means responsive to said detected time assignment information for timing transmissions of bursts from the associated node in both of said sub-periods, means associated with said processing means for detecting CROSS GROUP time assignment information received during said CROSS GROUP subperiods, and means responsive to said detected CROSS GROUP assignment information for controlling said processing means to selectively process and ignore signals detected at the associated node during the CROSS GROUP sub-periods.
11. 11. A method of intertransponder communication in a TDMA communication network substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
12. 12. A receiver apparatus for a TDMA communication network substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.