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GB1561271A - Fire doors - Google Patents

Fire doors Download PDF

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Publication number
GB1561271A
GB1561271A GB644676A GB644676A GB1561271A GB 1561271 A GB1561271 A GB 1561271A GB 644676 A GB644676 A GB 644676A GB 644676 A GB644676 A GB 644676A GB 1561271 A GB1561271 A GB 1561271A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
cement
door
mixture
mould
magnesia
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
GB644676A
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
STEEFTLEY MINERALS Ltd
Original Assignee
STEEFTLEY MINERALS Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by STEEFTLEY MINERALS Ltd filed Critical STEEFTLEY MINERALS Ltd
Priority to GB644676A priority Critical patent/GB1561271A/en
Publication of GB1561271A publication Critical patent/GB1561271A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06BFIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B5/00Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor
    • E06B5/10Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor for protection against air-raid or other war-like action; for other protective purposes
    • E06B5/16Fireproof doors or similar closures; Adaptations of fixed constructions therefor
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/30Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing magnesium cements or similar cements
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B38/00Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
    • C04B38/10Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by using foaming agents or by using mechanical means, e.g. adding preformed foam
    • C04B38/103Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by using foaming agents or by using mechanical means, e.g. adding preformed foam the foaming being obtained by the introduction of a gas other than untreated air, e.g. nitrogen
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06BFIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/70Door leaves
    • E06B3/7015Door leaves characterised by the filling between two external panels
    • E06B2003/7023Door leaves characterised by the filling between two external panels of foam type

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Special Wing (AREA)

Description

(54) FIRE DOORS (71) We, STEETLEY MINERALS LIMITED, formerly STEETLEY (MFG) LIMITED, a British Company, of Gateford Hill, Worksop, Nottinghamshire, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- The present invention relates to fire doors.
According to the present invention there is provided a fire door comprising foamed magnesia cement formed from a mixture comprising magnesia having a specific surface area of 25 to 50 m2/g.
The doors of the present invention may also comprise a core of foamed magnesia cement surfaced on one or more faces with a sheet of wood, plastics or other surfacing.
The present invention includes fire doors as described above which are provided with one or more fittings of the kind, knobs, handles, locks, bolts, fasteners, hinges, pivots, sliding suspension gear, etc. Suitably the cement is moulded with recesses for accepting these fittings.
Magnesia cements are well known, and of particular use in the fire doors of the present invention are magnesium oxysulphate, magnesium oxyphosphate, magnesium oxychloride and mixtures of two or more of these materials. Preferably the magnesium cement is magnesium oxychloride or a mixture of this with the oxysulphate, the oxyphosphate or even the oxysulphite.
The present invention also provides a method of making fire doors which method comprises forming a settable liquid foam of magnesia cement, casting the foam in a suitable mould, the cement comprising magnesia having a specific surface area of 25 to 50 m2/g, and allowing the foam to set.
This may be preformed by forming a settable aqueous mixture of magnesia, and a magnesium salt and/or an acid and a foaming agent, foaming the mixture, and setting the mixture in the mould.
Typically, the foamed magnesia cement used in the present invention may be made by a process which comprises forming a mixture containing the appropriate magnesium salt or mixture of salts (e.g. the chloride, sulphate or phosphate) magnesium oxide, water, optionally a mineral acid such as phosphoric acid or hydrochloric acid to modify the rate of setting, and a fdaming agent, entraining air, and/or other gas in the mixture (e.g. by mechanical agitation or blowing in air) and allowing the foamed mixture to set or cure. The magnesium salt and water may be present in such quantities as to make a saturated solution of the magnesium salt in the water.
The proportion of magnesium oxide to magnesium chloride in a magnesium oxychloride cement for use in the invention is preferably from 35% to 65% /Q by weight magnesium oxide to 65% to 35% by weight magensium chloride.
In Order to obtain the appropriate setting time the magnesium oxide is preferably one which has been calcined at a temperature in the range 1400if to 1800"F. The particle size of the magnesium oxide is such as to have a specific surface area of 25 to 50 m2lg.
The foaming agent may be an acid compatible detergent present in amounts varying from 0.1% to 5% by weight based on the weight of the mixture.
Suitable detergents for use as foaming agents include non-ionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene, ethoxylated alkyl phenols, ethoxylated aliphatic alcohols, carboxylic amides, polyoxyethylene fatty acid amides and anionic surfactants such as aromatic sulpheonates. A preferred detergent is a nonylphenol/ethylene oxide condensate con taining 9 ethylene oxide units per unit of phenol.
The foaming agent may be a chemical frothing agent, that is a substance which reacts with other compounds or upon heating to evolve gas. An example is limestone which can react with an acid to liberate carbon dioxide.
Sulphur dioxide may be bubbled through the mixture while it is being foamed and this is absorbed as magnesium sulphite which has a good degree of high temperature stability.
The foamed magnesia cement suitably contains solid materials such as filler and/or fibrous materials. Examples of fillers are sand, expanded aggregates such as expanded perlite and expanded vermiculite and pulversed fuel ash. Examples of fibrous materials are microfibrous materials such as sepiolite and macrofibrous materials such as mineral wool, glass fibre and asbestos.
The amount of solid material may vary from 1% to 50% by weight of the door.
The fire doors of the present invention may be made by casting the cement in a suitable mould. If a door of sandwich construction is being made, one of the veneers may be placed in the bottom of the mould and the cement cast upon it. The second veneer if used can be laid on the surface df the cast cement. No adhesives are required to bind the veneers to the unset cement. Alternatively the door may be cast vertically with the veneers forming two of the walls of the mould. The veneers can of course be fixed to the cured moulded cement block which is to form the code of the structure but in this case adhesives will be necessary.
The invention therefor includes a method in which one or more moulding surfaces of the mould are formed from surfacing materials which, on setting of the foam, form the surface of the building structure.
The density of the foamed magnesia cement from which the structures of the present invention are made is desirably in the range 0.2 to 1.0 g/cm3.
EXAMPLE 10 parts of magnesium oxide calcined at 16000F and having a surface area of 35 mlg, 10 parts of magnesium chloride, 6 parts of water, 0.5 parts of glass fibre and 0.1 parts of nonylphenol/ethylene oxide condensate were agitated together for 30 minutes to give a foamed pourable fluid which was cast into a mould 215 cm by 80 cm by 4.5 cm which was lined with hardboard.
When the cement had partially set a second sheet of hardboard was placed on the cement leaving the cement sandwiched between the two sheets of hardboard. After 180 minutes, the cement had set and the fire door was extracted from the mould.
Hinges were screwed to the door and, when hung, the door received 10,000 slams without damage.
WHAT WE CLAIM IS: 1. A fire door comprising foamed magnesia cement formed from a mixture comprising magnesia having a specific surface area of 25 to 50 mVg.
2. A door as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cement is a magnesium oxychloride, oxysulphate, oxyphosphate or oxysulphite cement or a mixture of two or more such cements.
3. A door as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the magnesia cement has a bulk density of from 0.2 to 1.0 g/cm3.
4. A door as claimed in any preceding claim having a core of foamed magnesia cement wholly or partly surfaced with a surface material.
5. A door as claimed in claim 4, wherein the surfacing material comprises one or more sheets of wood or a plastics material.
6. A fire door substantially as hereinbefore described in the Example.
7. A method of making fire doors which method comprises forming a settable liquid foam of magnesia cement, casting the foam in a suitable mould, the cement comprising magnesia having a specific surface area of 25 to 50 m2/g, and allowing the foam to set.
8. A method as claimed in claim 7, wherein one or more moulding surfaces of the mould are formed from surfacing materials which, on setting of the foam, form the surface of the fire door.
9. A method as claimed in claim 8 wherein a sheet of wood or of a plastics material forms a moulding face of the mould and becomes bonded to the foam on setting.
10. A method as claimed in any one of claims 7 to 10 which comprises forming a settable aqueous mixture of magnesia, and a magnesium salt and/or an acid, and a foaming agent, foaming the mixture, and setting the mixture in the mould.
11. A method as claimed in claim 10 wherein the magnesia has been calcined at from 1400 to 1800"F.
12. A method as claimed in any one of claims 10 to 11 wherein the settable mixture contains from 0'. 1 to 5% by weight of an acid compatible detergent as foaming agent.
13. A method as claimed in claim 12 wherein the foaming agent is a nonylphenol/ ethylene oxide condensate containing 9 ethylene oxide units per unit of phenol.
14. A method as claimed in any one of claims 8 to 13 wherein the mixture is foamed by agitation.
15. A method as claimed in any one of claims 7 to 13 wherein the mixture is foamed by injection of gas.
16. A method as claimed in claim 15
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.

Claims (19)

  1. **WARNING** start of CLMS field may overlap end of DESC **.
    taining 9 ethylene oxide units per unit of phenol.
    The foaming agent may be a chemical frothing agent, that is a substance which reacts with other compounds or upon heating to evolve gas. An example is limestone which can react with an acid to liberate carbon dioxide.
    Sulphur dioxide may be bubbled through the mixture while it is being foamed and this is absorbed as magnesium sulphite which has a good degree of high temperature stability.
    The foamed magnesia cement suitably contains solid materials such as filler and/or fibrous materials. Examples of fillers are sand, expanded aggregates such as expanded perlite and expanded vermiculite and pulversed fuel ash. Examples of fibrous materials are microfibrous materials such as sepiolite and macrofibrous materials such as mineral wool, glass fibre and asbestos.
    The amount of solid material may vary from 1% to 50% by weight of the door.
    The fire doors of the present invention may be made by casting the cement in a suitable mould. If a door of sandwich construction is being made, one of the veneers may be placed in the bottom of the mould and the cement cast upon it. The second veneer if used can be laid on the surface df the cast cement. No adhesives are required to bind the veneers to the unset cement. Alternatively the door may be cast vertically with the veneers forming two of the walls of the mould. The veneers can of course be fixed to the cured moulded cement block which is to form the code of the structure but in this case adhesives will be necessary.
    The invention therefor includes a method in which one or more moulding surfaces of the mould are formed from surfacing materials which, on setting of the foam, form the surface of the building structure.
    The density of the foamed magnesia cement from which the structures of the present invention are made is desirably in the range 0.2 to 1.0 g/cm3.
    EXAMPLE
    10 parts of magnesium oxide calcined at 16000F and having a surface area of 35 mlg, 10 parts of magnesium chloride, 6 parts of water, 0.5 parts of glass fibre and 0.1 parts of nonylphenol/ethylene oxide condensate were agitated together for 30 minutes to give a foamed pourable fluid which was cast into a mould 215 cm by 80 cm by 4.5 cm which was lined with hardboard.
    When the cement had partially set a second sheet of hardboard was placed on the cement leaving the cement sandwiched between the two sheets of hardboard. After 180 minutes, the cement had set and the fire door was extracted from the mould.
    Hinges were screwed to the door and, when hung, the door received 10,000 slams without damage.
    WHAT WE CLAIM IS: 1. A fire door comprising foamed magnesia cement formed from a mixture comprising magnesia having a specific surface area of 25 to 50 mVg.
  2. 2. A door as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cement is a magnesium oxychloride, oxysulphate, oxyphosphate or oxysulphite cement or a mixture of two or more such cements.
  3. 3. A door as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the magnesia cement has a bulk density of from 0.2 to 1.0 g/cm3.
  4. 4. A door as claimed in any preceding claim having a core of foamed magnesia cement wholly or partly surfaced with a surface material.
  5. 5. A door as claimed in claim 4, wherein the surfacing material comprises one or more sheets of wood or a plastics material.
  6. 6. A fire door substantially as hereinbefore described in the Example.
  7. 7. A method of making fire doors which method comprises forming a settable liquid foam of magnesia cement, casting the foam in a suitable mould, the cement comprising magnesia having a specific surface area of 25 to 50 m2/g, and allowing the foam to set.
  8. 8. A method as claimed in claim 7, wherein one or more moulding surfaces of the mould are formed from surfacing materials which, on setting of the foam, form the surface of the fire door.
  9. 9. A method as claimed in claim 8 wherein a sheet of wood or of a plastics material forms a moulding face of the mould and becomes bonded to the foam on setting.
  10. 10. A method as claimed in any one of claims 7 to 10 which comprises forming a settable aqueous mixture of magnesia, and a magnesium salt and/or an acid, and a foaming agent, foaming the mixture, and setting the mixture in the mould.
  11. 11. A method as claimed in claim 10 wherein the magnesia has been calcined at from 1400 to 1800"F.
  12. 12. A method as claimed in any one of claims 10 to 11 wherein the settable mixture contains from 0'. 1 to 5% by weight of an acid compatible detergent as foaming agent.
  13. 13. A method as claimed in claim 12 wherein the foaming agent is a nonylphenol/ ethylene oxide condensate containing 9 ethylene oxide units per unit of phenol.
  14. 14. A method as claimed in any one of claims 8 to 13 wherein the mixture is foamed by agitation.
  15. 15. A method as claimed in any one of claims 7 to 13 wherein the mixture is foamed by injection of gas.
  16. 16. A method as claimed in claim 15
    wherein the gas is sulphur dioxide.
  17. 17. A method as claimed in any one of claims 7 to 16 wherein the settable mixture contains sand, expanded perlite, expanded vermiculite, pulverised fuel ash, sepiolite, mineral wool, glass fibre or asbestos.
  18. 18. A method as claimed in claim 7, substantially as hereinbefore described in the Example.
  19. 19. A fire door when produced by a method claimed in any one of claims 7 to 16.
GB644676A 1977-02-07 1977-02-07 Fire doors Expired GB1561271A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB644676A GB1561271A (en) 1977-02-07 1977-02-07 Fire doors

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB644676A GB1561271A (en) 1977-02-07 1977-02-07 Fire doors

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB1561271A true GB1561271A (en) 1980-02-20

Family

ID=9814640

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB644676A Expired GB1561271A (en) 1977-02-07 1977-02-07 Fire doors

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Country Link
GB (1) GB1561271A (en)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0019180A1 (en) * 1979-05-17 1980-11-26 Rheinhold & Mahla GmbH Method of producing fire-proof structural elements
US4661398A (en) * 1984-04-25 1987-04-28 Delphic Research Laboratories, Inc. Fire-barrier plywood
US4818595A (en) * 1984-04-25 1989-04-04 Delphic Research Laboratories, Inc. Fire barrier coating and fire barrier plywood
GB2266912A (en) * 1992-05-12 1993-11-17 Hoong Thye Door or door core using cement or gypsum
RU2162455C1 (en) * 2000-06-20 2001-01-27 Мовчанюк Вадим Михайлович Raw mix for manufacturing foam concrete based on magnesia binder
WO2004014816A3 (en) * 2002-08-09 2004-04-22 Denis Bezard Hydraulically hardening substance
US6972100B2 (en) * 2002-04-24 2005-12-06 Tt Technologies, Inc. Method and system for providing articles with rigid foamed cementitious cores
DE102008058222A1 (en) * 2008-11-19 2010-05-20 Qualifire Materials Co. Ltd., Yixing Continuously producing fire-resistant door panels in the form of plates in a sandwich-like composite made of non-woven material and foamed hardenable pasty magnesium oxychloride mixture, comprises placing non-woven material on base plates
FR2943698A1 (en) * 2009-03-31 2010-10-01 Vincent Damour Fire resistant sandwiched panel for e.g. doors integrated in fire door assembly, has core constituted of material containing reinforced fiber cement reinforced by cellulose fibers, where core is sandwiched between weather boards

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0019180A1 (en) * 1979-05-17 1980-11-26 Rheinhold & Mahla GmbH Method of producing fire-proof structural elements
US4661398A (en) * 1984-04-25 1987-04-28 Delphic Research Laboratories, Inc. Fire-barrier plywood
US4818595A (en) * 1984-04-25 1989-04-04 Delphic Research Laboratories, Inc. Fire barrier coating and fire barrier plywood
GB2266912A (en) * 1992-05-12 1993-11-17 Hoong Thye Door or door core using cement or gypsum
RU2162455C1 (en) * 2000-06-20 2001-01-27 Мовчанюк Вадим Михайлович Raw mix for manufacturing foam concrete based on magnesia binder
US6972100B2 (en) * 2002-04-24 2005-12-06 Tt Technologies, Inc. Method and system for providing articles with rigid foamed cementitious cores
WO2004014816A3 (en) * 2002-08-09 2004-04-22 Denis Bezard Hydraulically hardening substance
DE102008058222A1 (en) * 2008-11-19 2010-05-20 Qualifire Materials Co. Ltd., Yixing Continuously producing fire-resistant door panels in the form of plates in a sandwich-like composite made of non-woven material and foamed hardenable pasty magnesium oxychloride mixture, comprises placing non-woven material on base plates
FR2943698A1 (en) * 2009-03-31 2010-10-01 Vincent Damour Fire resistant sandwiched panel for e.g. doors integrated in fire door assembly, has core constituted of material containing reinforced fiber cement reinforced by cellulose fibers, where core is sandwiched between weather boards

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PS Patent sealed
PCNP Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee