GB1456098A - Apparatus for detecting a metal contaminant in a sample - Google Patents
Apparatus for detecting a metal contaminant in a sampleInfo
- Publication number
- GB1456098A GB1456098A GB222174A GB222174A GB1456098A GB 1456098 A GB1456098 A GB 1456098A GB 222174 A GB222174 A GB 222174A GB 222174 A GB222174 A GB 222174A GB 1456098 A GB1456098 A GB 1456098A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- sample
- lead
- blood
- source
- rays
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 title abstract 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004876 x-ray fluorescence Methods 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
- G21K1/00—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating
- G21K1/02—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diaphragms, collimators
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by measuring secondary emission from the material
- G01N23/223—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by measuring secondary emission from the material by irradiating the sample with X-rays or gamma-rays and by measuring X-ray fluorescence
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
- G01N2223/07—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation secondary emission
- G01N2223/076—X-ray fluorescence
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
Abstract
1456098 X-ray fluorescence analysis UNITED STATES ENERGY RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION 17 Jan 1974 [31 Jan 1973] 02221/74 Heading G1A Apparatus for analyzing a sample comprises a radioisotope source arranged in an annular array; means enclosing the source and restricting the radiation therefrom to a generally disc-shaped field; means for holding the sample in an annular array surrounding the source; and means responsive to secondary emissions from the sample but screened by the enclosing means from primary source emissions. A pair of nickel discs 34 of generally trapeziform section define between them a peripheral rectangular section collimating channel 42 and an inner channel 40 containing <SP>238</SP>PuO 2 microspheres radiating x-rays of energy 10-20 keV. A beryllium exit window 50 in the bed of the collimating channel 42 filters and transmits x-rays towards a porous cellulose annular sample holder 52 impregnated with a sample, e.g. blood, and slipped over the discs 34 to surround the collimating channel 42. Secondary x-rays emitted by a sample constituent, e.g. at energies of 10À5 and 12À6 keV from lead contaminant, are transmitted by a beryllium window 49 in a liquid nitrogen cryostat 51 for optimizing the resolution of a Si(Li) diode detector 24 which is housed therein and shielded from primary radiations by the nearer disc 34. The output 26 may be fed to a pulse height analyzer for recording the concentrations of various constituents or for screening samples for safe contaminant levels. For a blood-lead determination the apparatus may be calibrated with a sample of lead-free blood to which a standard lead solution has been added and which has then been centrifued to concentrate the red cells which contain 95% of the blood-lead burden.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US32815473A | 1973-01-31 | 1973-01-31 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB1456098A true GB1456098A (en) | 1976-11-17 |
Family
ID=23279749
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB222174A Expired GB1456098A (en) | 1973-01-31 | 1974-01-17 | Apparatus for detecting a metal contaminant in a sample |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3787691A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS49107588A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA984063A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2404618A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2216579B3 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1456098A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4427892A (en) | 1979-06-07 | 1984-01-24 | National Research Development Corporation | Detection and determination of species by fluorescence measurements |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1461270A (en) * | 1973-05-16 | 1977-01-13 | Nat Esearch Dev Corp | Chemical analysis of flowing materials |
| US5274688A (en) * | 1992-04-07 | 1993-12-28 | Lee Grodzins | Lead-paint detector |
| EP2185921B1 (en) * | 2007-09-06 | 2017-10-25 | Thermo Niton Analyzers LLC | Differentiation of lead in surface layers and in bulk samples by x-ray fluorescence |
| US8155268B2 (en) * | 2009-04-23 | 2012-04-10 | Thermo Niton Analyzers Llc | Rapid screening for lead concentration compliance by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis |
| US20160103230A1 (en) * | 2014-10-13 | 2016-04-14 | Honeywell International Inc. | Apparatus and method for measuring alpha radiation from liquids |
| WO2024202197A1 (en) * | 2023-03-30 | 2024-10-03 | 株式会社島津製作所 | X-ray analysis device and control method for x-ray analysis device |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3011060A (en) * | 1958-01-31 | 1961-11-28 | Philips Electronics Inc | X-ray spectrograph |
-
1973
- 1973-01-31 US US00328154A patent/US3787691A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1974
- 1974-01-15 CA CA190,174A patent/CA984063A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-01-17 GB GB222174A patent/GB1456098A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-01-31 FR FR7403284A patent/FR2216579B3/fr not_active Expired
- 1974-01-31 JP JP49013280A patent/JPS49107588A/ja active Pending
- 1974-01-31 DE DE2404618A patent/DE2404618A1/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4427892A (en) | 1979-06-07 | 1984-01-24 | National Research Development Corporation | Detection and determination of species by fluorescence measurements |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS49107588A (en) | 1974-10-12 |
| FR2216579A1 (en) | 1974-08-30 |
| FR2216579B3 (en) | 1976-11-26 |
| DE2404618A1 (en) | 1974-08-01 |
| CA984063A (en) | 1976-02-17 |
| US3787691A (en) | 1974-01-22 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| CSNS | Application of which complete specification have been accepted and published, but patent is not sealed |