GB1287035A - Improvements in or relating to optical couplers - Google Patents
Improvements in or relating to optical couplersInfo
- Publication number
- GB1287035A GB1287035A GB3078/70A GB307870A GB1287035A GB 1287035 A GB1287035 A GB 1287035A GB 3078/70 A GB3078/70 A GB 3078/70A GB 307870 A GB307870 A GB 307870A GB 1287035 A GB1287035 A GB 1287035A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- prism
- thin film
- light
- different
- gap
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title abstract 5
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 abstract 10
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 abstract 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N AsGa Chemical compound [As]#[Ga] JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/23—Arrangements of two or more lasers not provided for in groups H01S3/02 - H01S3/22, e.g. tandem arrangements of separate active media
- H01S3/2383—Parallel arrangements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/34—Optical coupling means utilising prism or grating
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
- G02F1/365—Non-linear optics in an optical waveguide structure
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
- G02F1/37—Non-linear optics for second-harmonic generation
- G02F1/377—Non-linear optics for second-harmonic generation in an optical waveguide structure
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
- G02F1/39—Non-linear optics for parametric generation or amplification of light, infrared or ultraviolet waves
- G02F1/395—Non-linear optics for parametric generation or amplification of light, infrared or ultraviolet waves in optical waveguides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/106—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity
- H01S3/108—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity using non-linear optical devices, e.g. exhibiting Brillouin or Raman scattering
- H01S3/109—Frequency multiplication, e.g. harmonic generation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/40—Arrangement of two or more semiconductor lasers, not provided for in groups H01S5/02 - H01S5/30
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/50—Amplifier structures not provided for in groups H01S5/02 - H01S5/30
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
- G02F1/353—Frequency conversion, i.e. wherein a light beam is generated with frequency components different from those of the incident light beams
- G02F1/3534—Three-wave interaction, e.g. sum-difference frequency generation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/08—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof
- H01S3/08004—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof incorporating a dispersive element, e.g. a prism for wavelength selection
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Optical Integrated Circuits (AREA)
- Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)
- Optical Communication System (AREA)
- Waveguides (AREA)
- Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
- Optical Couplings Of Light Guides (AREA)
Abstract
1287035 Optical couplers WESTERN ELECTRIC CO Inc 22 Jan 1970 [24 Jan 1969 21 April 1969] 3078/70 Heading G2J [Also in Division H3] An optical coupler comprises a thin film 12, 13 of optical material the major surfaces of which are plane parallel and the index of refraction n 2 , and a prism 16 having an index of refraction n 3 , the prism being adapted for internal reflection of light at a first surface 18 disposed parallel to the major surfaces of the thin film 13 and separated therefrom by a gap of refractive index n 1 to partially frustrate the internal reflection, the major surface remote from the gap being in contact with an environment 14 (e.g. a substrate) having a refractive index n 4 , n 3 being larger than the largest of n 4 , and n 1 , and the coupler, when suitably orientated to receive a coherent light beam, providing phase-matched coupling of said beam to a wave propagating in the thin film transverse to the direction of the beam. The prism and the thin film 12 are optically decoupled beyond the region of frustrated internal reflection. The decoupling may be effected by providing the prism with a second surface 21 cut at an obtuse angle to surface 18. The gap of refractive index n 1 may be air or it may be a dielectric material. Where such a material is used the decoupling may be effected by increasing the thickness of the dielectric material. Light propagating in the thin film may be coupled out of the film using either another portion of the said input prism 16 surface, or using a second prism. In one embodiment Fig. 4 (not shown) the coupler also includes a reflector to intercept light which has passed through the prism 16. This forms an optical resonator and causes light to propagate in two directions along the thin film. Two output prisms are used in that embodiment. In another embodiment Fig. 6 the prism 86 receives a plurality of signal coherent light beams 91, 92, 93, at different angles, and phase-match couples them to different waves propagating in thin film 83. These different waves are coupled out by a prism 97. Prisms 86, 97 have multiple faces through different ones of which different beams and waves are coupled. The light propagating in the thin film may be modulated during passage therethrough; the thin film could then be gallium arsenide having its crystalline axis normal to the planes of modulating electrodes and the substrate could be sapphire. Alternatively the thin film may be a semi-conductive junction region, semiconductive material of different types being located on opposite sides of the junction region. The dielectric gap in the coupling or uncoupling region is less than one wavelength of the light waves being propagated. In an amplifier a frequency shifter Fig. 10 signal energy 211 and pump energy 225 are fed to prism 216 and hence waveguide 212. A desired abstracted beam is coupled out by prism 222.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US79369669A | 1969-01-24 | 1969-01-24 | |
| US81767869A | 1969-04-21 | 1969-04-21 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB1287035A true GB1287035A (en) | 1972-08-31 |
Family
ID=27121418
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB3078/70A Expired GB1287035A (en) | 1969-01-24 | 1970-01-22 | Improvements in or relating to optical couplers |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS49904B1 (en) |
| BE (1) | BE744657A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2002490A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES375912A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2029030A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1287035A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7000912A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE364371B (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2146788A (en) * | 1983-09-20 | 1985-04-24 | Stc Plc | Prism coupling to flat waveguides |
| GB2174802A (en) * | 1985-04-12 | 1986-11-12 | Plessey Co Plc | Optic-waveguide biosensor |
| EP1616209A4 (en) * | 2003-04-10 | 2006-05-31 | Sioptical Inc | Beam shaping and practical methods of reducing loss associated with mating external sources and optics to thin silicon waveguides |
| CN111721712A (en) * | 2019-03-22 | 2020-09-29 | 康宁股份有限公司 | Hybrid system and method for characterizing stress in chemically strengthened transparent substrates |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2303078C3 (en) * | 1972-02-01 | 1980-05-14 | Fujitsu Ltd., Kawasaki, Kanagawa (Japan) | Light modulating element |
| FR2193990B1 (en) * | 1972-07-25 | 1976-01-16 | Thomson Csf Fr | |
| JPS5023206A (en) * | 1973-06-28 | 1975-03-12 | ||
| JPS50133105U (en) * | 1974-04-16 | 1975-11-01 |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1094639A (en) * | 1966-05-31 | 1967-12-13 | Standard Telephones Cables Ltd | A thin film surface wave mode dielectric waveguide |
-
1970
- 1970-01-16 SE SE00532/70A patent/SE364371B/xx unknown
- 1970-01-19 ES ES375912A patent/ES375912A1/en not_active Expired
- 1970-01-20 FR FR7001921A patent/FR2029030A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1970-01-20 BE BE744657D patent/BE744657A/en unknown
- 1970-01-21 DE DE19702002490 patent/DE2002490A1/en active Pending
- 1970-01-22 GB GB3078/70A patent/GB1287035A/en not_active Expired
- 1970-01-22 NL NL7000912A patent/NL7000912A/xx unknown
- 1970-01-23 JP JP45006008A patent/JPS49904B1/ja active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2146788A (en) * | 1983-09-20 | 1985-04-24 | Stc Plc | Prism coupling to flat waveguides |
| GB2174802A (en) * | 1985-04-12 | 1986-11-12 | Plessey Co Plc | Optic-waveguide biosensor |
| GB2174802B (en) * | 1985-04-12 | 1989-08-02 | Plessey Co Plc | Improvements in or relating to optic-waveguide biosensors |
| US4857273A (en) * | 1985-04-12 | 1989-08-15 | Plessey Overseas Limited | Biosensors |
| EP1616209A4 (en) * | 2003-04-10 | 2006-05-31 | Sioptical Inc | Beam shaping and practical methods of reducing loss associated with mating external sources and optics to thin silicon waveguides |
| CN111721712A (en) * | 2019-03-22 | 2020-09-29 | 康宁股份有限公司 | Hybrid system and method for characterizing stress in chemically strengthened transparent substrates |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2029030A1 (en) | 1970-10-16 |
| NL7000912A (en) | 1970-07-28 |
| BE744657A (en) | 1970-07-01 |
| ES375912A1 (en) | 1972-04-16 |
| JPS49904B1 (en) | 1974-01-10 |
| DE2002490A1 (en) | 1970-07-30 |
| SE364371B (en) | 1974-02-18 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PS | Patent sealed [section 19, patents act 1949] | ||
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |