GB1026055A - Coating of carbon - Google Patents
Coating of carbonInfo
- Publication number
- GB1026055A GB1026055A GB3729962A GB3729962A GB1026055A GB 1026055 A GB1026055 A GB 1026055A GB 3729962 A GB3729962 A GB 3729962A GB 3729962 A GB3729962 A GB 3729962A GB 1026055 A GB1026055 A GB 1026055A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- titanium
- silicon
- zirconium
- boron
- alloy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title abstract 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title abstract 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract 4
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 abstract 10
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 10
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 10
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 9
- 229910000521 B alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 9
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 9
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 9
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 9
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 abstract 9
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 9
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 8
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 8
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 8
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 abstract 8
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract 7
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 abstract 7
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 6
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 6
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 abstract 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract 5
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 4
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 abstract 4
- QIJNJJZPYXGIQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1lambda4,2lambda4-dimolybdacyclopropa-1,2,3-triene Chemical compound [Mo]=C=[Mo] QIJNJJZPYXGIQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 3
- 229910000789 Aluminium-silicon alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 3
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 3
- 229910000604 Ferrochrome Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 3
- 229910039444 MoC Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 3
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 3
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 3
- GNKTZDSRQHMHLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[Si].[Si].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti] Chemical compound [Si].[Si].[Si].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti] GNKTZDSRQHMHLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 3
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 3
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 3
- YXTPWUNVHCYOSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis($l^{2}-silanylidene)molybdenum Chemical compound [Si]=[Mo]=[Si] YXTPWUNVHCYOSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 3
- DFJQEGUNXWZVAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis($l^{2}-silanylidene)titanium Chemical compound [Si]=[Ti]=[Si] DFJQEGUNXWZVAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 3
- LGLOITKZTDVGOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N boranylidynemolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]#B LGLOITKZTDVGOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 3
- QDMRQDKMCNPQQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N boranylidynetitanium Chemical compound [B].[Ti] QDMRQDKMCNPQQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 3
- HGHPQUIZVKPZEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N boranylidynezirconium Chemical compound [B].[Zr] HGHPQUIZVKPZEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 3
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 abstract 3
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000000788 chromium alloy Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- DYRBFMPPJATHRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium silicon Chemical compound [Si].[Cr] DYRBFMPPJATHRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 3
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 abstract 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 abstract 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 3
- 229910021343 molybdenum disilicide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 3
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 3
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 abstract 3
- UVGLBOPDEUYYCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon zirconium Chemical compound [Si].[Zr] UVGLBOPDEUYYCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- -1 titanium aluminate Chemical class 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 229910021352 titanium disilicide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 3
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 3
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000002639 bone cement Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/4505—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements characterised by the method of application
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
- C04B41/51—Metallising, e.g. infiltration of sintered ceramic preforms with molten metal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/52—Multiple coating or impregnating multiple coating or impregnating with the same composition or with compositions only differing in the concentration of the constituents, is classified as single coating or impregnation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
- C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
- C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
- C04B41/85—Coating or impregnation with inorganic materials
- C04B41/88—Metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
- C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
- C04B41/89—Coating or impregnation for obtaining at least two superposed coatings having different compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
- C23C26/02—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00 applying molten material to the substrate
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Discharge Heating (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
In a method of creating protective coatings over articles of amorphous carbon or graphite, the materials of the coating are treated with an electric arc burning between the coated carbon article and a lateral electrode. The process may be used for coating carbon electrodes or other articles with aluminium, zirconium, ferrochromium, molybdenum-boron alloy, chromium, titanium-boron alloy, zirconium-boron alloy, zirconium-silicon alloy, silicon, boron, silicon-chromium alloy, aluminium-silicon alloy, silicon dioxide, silicon carbide, aluminium oxide, titanium nitride, titanium aluminate, zirconium silicate, titanium disilicide, molybdenum carbide, molybdenum disilicide, titanium silicate, titanium dioxide and titanium carbide, and various mixtures thereof. Large amounts of aluminium may be applied in two layers, separated by a powdered mixture of substances chosen from boron, silicon, aluminium, titanium, zirconium, chromium and molybdenum, their alloys, and oxides, carbides and silicates; alkali metal oxides, borates, silicates, carbonates and halides may also be used. Alloys. The composition of the alloys disclosed is as follows:- (1) 70% chromium, 30% iron; (2) 90% molybdenum, 10% boron; (3) 70% titanium, 30% boron; (4) 80% zirconium, 20% boron; (5) 70% aluminium, 30% silicon; (6) 50% chromium, 50% silicon; and (7) 80% zirconium, 20% silicon.ALSO:Articles of amorphous carbon or graphite are coated by treatment with an electric arc burning between the carbon article and a lateral electrode. The carbon electrodes or other articles may be coated with aluminium, zirconium, ferrochromium, molybdenum-boron alloy, chromium, titanium-boron alloy, zirconium-boron alloy, zirconium-silicon alloy, silicon, boron, silicon - chromium alloy, aluminium-silicon alloy, silicon dioxide, silicon carbide, aluminium oxide, titanium nitride, titanium aluminate, zirconium silicate, titanium disilicide, molybdenum carbide, molybdenum disilicide, titanium silicate, titanium dioxide and titanium carbide, and various mixtures thereof. Large amounts of aluminium may be applied in two layers, separated by a powdered mixture of substances chosen from boron, silicon, aluminium, titanium, zirconium, chromium and molybdenum, their alloys, and oxides, carbides and silicates; alkali metal oxides, borates, silicates, carbonates and halides may also be used.ALSO:In a method of creating protective coatings over articles of amorphous carbon or graphite, the materials of the coating are treated with an electric arc burning between the coated carbon article and a lateral electrode. The process may be used for coating carbon electrodes or other articles with aluminium, zirconium, ferrochromium, molybdenum-boron alloy, chromium, titanium-boron alloy, zirconium-boron alloy, zirconium-silicon alloy, silicon, boron, silicon-chromium alloy, aluminium-silicon alloy, silicon dioxide, silicon carbide, aluminium oxide, titanium nitride, titanium aluminate, zirconium silicate, titanium disilicide, molybdenum carbide, molybdenum disilicide, titanium silicate, titanium dioxide and titanium carbide, and various mixtures thereof. Large amounts of aluminium may be applied in two layers, separated by a powdered mixture of substances chosen from boron, silicon, aluminium, titanium, zirconium, chromium and molybdenum, their alloys, and oxides, carbides and silicates; alkali metal oxides, borates, silicates, carbonates and halides may also be used. The coating materials may be made into a paste with aqueous bone glue and applied to the substrate.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB3729962A GB1026055A (en) | 1962-10-02 | 1962-10-02 | Coating of carbon |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB3729962A GB1026055A (en) | 1962-10-02 | 1962-10-02 | Coating of carbon |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB1026055A true GB1026055A (en) | 1966-04-14 |
Family
ID=10395371
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB3729962A Expired GB1026055A (en) | 1962-10-02 | 1962-10-02 | Coating of carbon |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB1026055A (en) |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS4851008A (en) * | 1971-10-22 | 1973-07-18 | ||
| JPS49126708A (en) * | 1973-03-12 | 1974-12-04 | ||
| US4471023A (en) * | 1983-03-29 | 1984-09-11 | Ltv Aerospace And Defense Company | Enhancement coating and process for carbonaceous substrates |
| US4567103A (en) * | 1983-07-28 | 1986-01-28 | Union Carbide Corporation | Carbonaceous articles having oxidation prohibitive coatings thereon |
| US4585675A (en) * | 1981-04-07 | 1986-04-29 | Ltv Aerospace And Defense Company | Alumina silicon carbide, and silicon primary protective coatings for carbon-carbon substrates |
| US4824733A (en) * | 1986-04-25 | 1989-04-25 | Canadian Patents And Development Limited/Societe | Anti-oxidant barrier for carbon based material |
| US4830919A (en) * | 1981-04-07 | 1989-05-16 | Ltv Aerospace & Defense Company | Composition for forming a protective coating on carbon-carbon substrates and article |
| US5453324A (en) * | 1981-04-08 | 1995-09-26 | Loral Vought Systems Corporation | Carbon-carbon substrates having protective coating and their preparation |
| DE4136823C2 (en) * | 1991-11-08 | 2000-09-14 | Contech C Conradty Technika Co | Carbon electrode for arc furnaces and method for producing such a carbon electrode |
| WO2005113844A1 (en) * | 2004-05-14 | 2005-12-01 | Sgl Carbon Ag | Gas impervious electrodes for carbothermic reduction furnace |
| US20220152568A1 (en) * | 2019-04-05 | 2022-05-19 | Linde Gmbh | Reactor for endothermic high-temperature reactions |
-
1962
- 1962-10-02 GB GB3729962A patent/GB1026055A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS4851008A (en) * | 1971-10-22 | 1973-07-18 | ||
| JPS49126708A (en) * | 1973-03-12 | 1974-12-04 | ||
| US4585675A (en) * | 1981-04-07 | 1986-04-29 | Ltv Aerospace And Defense Company | Alumina silicon carbide, and silicon primary protective coatings for carbon-carbon substrates |
| US4830919A (en) * | 1981-04-07 | 1989-05-16 | Ltv Aerospace & Defense Company | Composition for forming a protective coating on carbon-carbon substrates and article |
| US5453324A (en) * | 1981-04-08 | 1995-09-26 | Loral Vought Systems Corporation | Carbon-carbon substrates having protective coating and their preparation |
| US4471023A (en) * | 1983-03-29 | 1984-09-11 | Ltv Aerospace And Defense Company | Enhancement coating and process for carbonaceous substrates |
| US4567103A (en) * | 1983-07-28 | 1986-01-28 | Union Carbide Corporation | Carbonaceous articles having oxidation prohibitive coatings thereon |
| US4824733A (en) * | 1986-04-25 | 1989-04-25 | Canadian Patents And Development Limited/Societe | Anti-oxidant barrier for carbon based material |
| DE4136823C2 (en) * | 1991-11-08 | 2000-09-14 | Contech C Conradty Technika Co | Carbon electrode for arc furnaces and method for producing such a carbon electrode |
| WO2005113844A1 (en) * | 2004-05-14 | 2005-12-01 | Sgl Carbon Ag | Gas impervious electrodes for carbothermic reduction furnace |
| US20220152568A1 (en) * | 2019-04-05 | 2022-05-19 | Linde Gmbh | Reactor for endothermic high-temperature reactions |
| US12491485B2 (en) * | 2019-04-05 | 2025-12-09 | Basf Se | Reactor for endothermic high-temperature reactions |
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