FR3114056A1 - Electric vehicle and switching device for a household electrical network - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an electric vehicle (20) and electrical switching device (50) assembly for supplying a domestic electrical network, the device (50) being located upstream of the electrical distribution board (DIS) of said domestic electrical network and comprising a manual switch which in a first position (1) authorizes the supply of the domestic electrical network only by an external electrical supply network (RES), and in a second position (2) authorizes the supply of the domestic electrical network only via a charging cable (30) of the device, the charging cable (30) comprising signaling means cooperating with vehicle recognition means capable of activating the vehicle in generator mode. Figure for abstract: Figure 2

Description

Electric vehicle and switching device for a household electrical network

The present invention relates generally to the fields of automobiles and electricity, and more specifically relates to a system for supplying a home network using the energy stored in an electric vehicle.

Electric vehicles sometimes include a reversible charger, capable of transferring energy from the battery in the form of alternating current to the outside of the vehicle. This makes it possible to supply loads ("V2L" for "Vehicle-to-Load") or a home network ("V2H" or "V2B" for respectively "Vehicle-to-Home" or "Vehicle-to-Building") . To use this feature, if the vehicle is plugged directly into a domestic socket, the power transmitted is limited by the circuit of this socket, for example to 16A (Amps), the circuit itself being protected by a 20A fuse . In addition, the household socket is often incompatible with the vehicle cord. To power a house or building using an electric vehicle, therefore, a specific charging station connected to the domestic network, i.e. to the electrical network of the house or building, is often used.

FIG. 1 represents a system making it possible to supply a domestic network from an electric vehicle, according to the prior art. The electric vehicle VE is connected to a STAT charging terminal, often comprising a reversible direct current – alternating current converter, which allows the vehicle to be recharged directly with direct current on its battery. As a result, the charging station is installed downstream of the DIS distribution board of the house to be electrically supplied. The terms "upstream" and "downstream" correspond in this request to the usual direction of supply of the house by the current coming from an external electrical power supply network RES, therefore from this network RES towards the domestic consumers downstream of the table of distribution DIS, for example CO1 and CO2 consumers.

When using the "V2H" functionality, the STAT charging station must ensure that the domestic electrical installation is disconnected from the public network before allowing the injection of power to the house. To do this, an INT disconnection system is installed upstream of the DIS distribution board and downstream of the COMP meter, allowing disconnection from the public network and able to communicate with the STAT charging terminal. In addition, the STAT charging terminal must be able to communicate with the vehicle so that it can differentiate a vehicle charging session from a home network supply session. Finally, the STAT charging station must be equipped with a starter battery in order to be powered when the public network no longer supplies the house, while waiting for the vehicle to supply the house. A battery charger is also necessary to keep this starter battery charged, which is used to initiate communication with the vehicle before it supplies power to the house.

Such a charging station is therefore costly as well as its installation. Such a system according to the prior art also requires a vehicle compatible with the communication protocol used by the STAT charging station.

The document FR3058683 proposes using a vehicle as an uninterruptible emergency power supply device in the event of a cut in the public energy supply network. The proposed solution uses a charging terminal comprising a direct current - alternating current converter, and this terminal also requires specific communication between the terminal and the vehicle.

One of the aims of the invention is to remedy at least some of the drawbacks of the prior art by providing an electric vehicle associated with an electrical switching device for a domestic electrical network, which make it possible to supply the domestic network without costly installation. , and securely.

To this end, the invention proposes an electric vehicle and electrical switching device assembly for a domestic electrical network, capable of allowing passage from a supply mode of said domestic electrical network by an external electrical power supply network, to a mode of supplying said domestic electrical network by said electric vehicle, said electric vehicle being equipped with a reversible charger, said assembly being characterized in that

- said device is located upstream of the electrical distribution board of said domestic electrical network and further comprises:

- a manual switch with two positions, a first position of the switch allowing the passage of current only between, on the one hand, terminals of the switch connected to said domestic electrical network and, on the other hand, terminals of the switch connected to said external electrical power supply network , and a second position of said switch allowing the passage of current only between on the one hand said terminals connected to said domestic electrical network and on the other hand terminals of the switch connected to a charging cable for an electric vehicle;

- and said charging cable, comprising signaling means specific to the supply mode of a domestic network by the battery of said vehicle;

- and in that said vehicle comprises recognition means capable of cooperating with said signaling means, and of activating the supply mode of a home network by the battery of said vehicle.

Thanks to the invention, the need for communication between the vehicle and equipment external to the vehicle such as a charging station or a controller is dispensed with, the vehicle going into discharge mode of its battery by detecting the type of cable to which it is connected. There is also no need to power external equipment when the network is cut, switching between the two types of home network power supply possibly being manual. Finally, the proposed solution is secure since the choice to supply the domestic network by the vehicle cuts the supply of the domestic network by the external power supply network.

Advantageously according to the invention, said signaling means comprise a magnet or an error-proofing lug capable of controlling in closing a switch respectively with a flexible blade or with abutment in said vehicle, said switch being capable of connecting a voltage source of said vehicle to a control electronics of said vehicle, the value of said voltage source being specific to the mode of supply of a domestic network by the battery of said vehicle.

Alternatively, according to a variant embodiment of the invention, said signaling means comprise a resistor between a ground connector of the charging cable and a proximity contact connector of the charging cable, the value of said resistance being specific to the mode of supply of a domestic network by the battery of said vehicle.

Advantageously in this variant embodiment of the invention, said resistor is chosen from among several resistors using a secondary manual switch, the values of said resistors being specific to the mode of supply of a domestic network by the battery of said vehicle. at different voltage levels and different frequencies. Thus the user chooses, for example, to supply his domestic network with three-phase or single-phase depending on the configuration of his network or according to the voltage and frequency requirements of his domestic network.

Advantageously again in this variant embodiment of the invention, the switching device comprises a switch on the circuit connecting the ground connector of the charging cable and the proximity contact connector of the charging cable, said switch being able to close only when the manual switch is set to its second position.

This feature ensures that the vehicle only switches to generator mode when the user has selected "V2H" or "V2B" mode via the manual switch, which allows the battery relays to be left open otherwise and therefore to be more secure. the vehicle. More specifically, this allows the vehicle not to operate its battery relays unnecessarily but also all the systems (reversible charger and other controllers) necessary for operation in generator mode.

Advantageously according to the invention, the switching device further comprises an actuator or a relay cooperating with the voltage supplied by said vehicle following activation by the vehicle of the mode of supplying a domestic network by the battery, said actuator or relay being able respectively to release a lock prohibiting the positioning of the manual switch on said second position or to automatically switch said manual switch to said second position. Thus the connection of the vehicle to the domestic network can only be done when the vehicle is powered up in generator mode. This allows the user to change the power supply mode of his home network, without interrupting this power supply.

Advantageously finally, the switching device according to the invention comprises voltage presence sensors at the terminals of the switch connected to said external power supply network, as well as at the terminals of the switch connected to said charging cable, said voltage presence sensors being connected to a man-machine interface or a communication module. Thus the user is informed of a cut in the external power supply network and/or of the correct operation of his vehicle in generator mode.

Other characteristics and advantages will appear on reading a preferred embodiment described with reference to the figures in which:

already commented on in relation to the prior art, represents a system making it possible to supply a domestic network from an electric vehicle in the prior art,

represents an electric vehicle and electrical switching device assembly for a domestic electrical network according to the invention, in the electrical environment of the domestic electrical network,

represents more precisely the switching device according to the invention in this electrical environment,

schematically represents the electric vehicle and electric switching device assembly according to the invention, in particular at the level of the connection between the vehicle and the device,

schematically represents the electric vehicle and electric switching device assembly according to the invention, in particular at the level of the electronics used in the vehicle to detect the connection of the vehicle to the device, in the main variant embodiment of the invention,

represents the switching device according to the invention in a single-phase configuration with a means of switching the vehicle according to the invention into generator mode only when the user has switched the device into the position allowing the supply of the domestic network by the vehicle , in a variant embodiment of the invention, and

shows the switching device according to the invention in a single-phase configuration with a means of prohibiting disconnection from the external electrical network as long as the vehicle according to the invention is not connected and switched to generator mode.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 2 , the assembly according to the invention comprises a vehicle 20 and an electrical switching device 50. The electrical switching device 50 is installed between the electric meter COMP and the DIS distribution board of a domestic electrical installation. The electrical switching device 50 comprises a manual switch that can take a first position 1 and a second position 2.

When the manual switch is positioned on position 1, it connects terminals B1 electrically connected to the external power supply network RES to terminals electrically connected to the distribution board DIS of the domestic electrical installation. In other words, in this first position, the switching device 50 only authorizes the supply of the domestic electrical installation by the external electrical supply network RES.

When the manual switch is positioned on position 2, it connects terminals B2 electrically connected to a charging cable 30 for an electric vehicle, to the terminals electrically connected to the distribution board DIS of the domestic electrical installation. In other words, in this second position, the switching device 50 only authorizes the supply of the domestic electrical installation by electric vehicle 20 when the latter is connected to the charging cable 30 of the switching device 50. The charging cable 30 is connected to the charging socket of the vehicle 20 but actually corresponds to a "discharge" cable because it only allows the discharge of the battery BATT of the vehicle 20 as described below.

The switching device 50 also comprises voltage sensors CAP1 and CAP2 electrically connected respectively to terminals B1 and to terminals B2. These sensors are connected to a man-machine interface such as LEDs, allowing the user to view whether a voltage is present at the terminals of the external electrical power supply network RES, or at the terminals of the vehicle 20. As a variant, these sensors are connected to a communication module, for example a radio communication module by which the user can consult the outputs of these sensors.

With reference to FIG. 3 , the switching device 50 according to the invention comprises at least as many terminals B1 and output terminals towards the distribution board DIS as the number of phases of the external electrical power supply network RES. In the example of FIG. 3 , the external electrical power supply network RES is three-phase and therefore comprises three supply phases φ1, φ2, φ3 as well as a neutral phase LN. The MAN manual switch allows these phases to be connected or disconnected to the outputs to the DIS distribution board. The terminals B2 also comprise in this example three phase lines L1, L2, L3 and a neutral line N, which are connected to the socket of the type 2 load cable 30 (according to standard IEC 6196 according to the English " International Electrotechnical Commission”). This charging socket also comprises a PE connector which is connected to an earth socket LT, a so-called pilot contact CP connector and a so-called proximity contact PP connector.

In the case where the power supply network RES is single-phase, the switching device 50 therefore comprises only two terminals B1. In this case, the terminals of the switching device 50 connected to the distribution board DIS are possibly more numerous in order to be able to benefit from a three-phase power supply by the vehicle, if the latter has this capacity.

In order for the vehicle 20 to go into generator mode when it is connected to the charging cable 30, the charging cable 30 comprises signaling means 32 visible in FIG . The signaling means 32 cooperate with recognition means 43 present on the base 40 of the vehicle charging socket 20. When the recognition means 43 recognize a connection of the vehicle 20 to the charging cable 30, they send a signal activation of the generator mode to a control unit 5, for example a computer of the vehicle 20. The computer 5 then acts on a direct current – alternating current DC/AC converter of the vehicle 20. Thus the battery BATT of the vehicle 20 provides power energy to the domestic electrical installation via the switching device 50. The DC/AC converter of the vehicle 20 is reversible, that is to say that it also authorizes the charging of the battery BATT of the vehicle 20 from a network external power supply. Alternatively the vehicle 20 has a unidirectional converter for charging the vehicle and a separate inverter for its operation in generator mode. In this patent application, for simplicity, the term “reversible charger” refers to all of the converters allowing the charging of the vehicle and its operation in generator mode.

It should be noted in this application that the mode of supplying a domestic network by the vehicle battery corresponds more generally for the vehicle 20 to a generator mode also called battery discharge mode. In the invention, the recognition means 43 being specific to the mode of supplying a domestic network by the battery of said vehicle, the computer 5 is able to adapt the power transmitted by the battery to the maximum authorized for the supply of a domestic installation. Thus the recognition means make it possible to distinguish the “V2L” mode from the “V2H” or “V2B” mode, the “V2L” mode generally requiring less power than a domestic electrical installation.

The signaling means 32 of the charging cable 30 are for example a magnet present on the tip of the charging cable 30 as shown in FIG . The associated recognition means 43 comprise switches 41 and 42 controlled by the recognition means 32 as well as an auxiliary voltage source 44 modeled by a voltage source 47 and a resistor 46. When the cable 30 is connected to the base 40 specific to the vehicle 20, the magnet 32 acts on the controlled switches 41 and 42, more precisely it activates the closing of the switch 41 and the opening of the switch 42, so that the control electronics 4 connected to the computer 5 receives a voltage Vb corresponding to the voltage of the auxiliary source 44 rather than a voltage Vb corresponding to the voltage on the pilot contact connector CP. More specifically, switch 42 is connected at input to connector CP and at output to an input of control electronics 4, and switch 41 is connected at input to auxiliary voltage source 44 and at output to the output of the switch 42. Thus the computer 5 recognizes a voltage specific to the discharge mode of the vehicle to supply a domestic installation and activates the DC/AC converter accordingly.

The voltage Vb specific to this discharge mode for supplying a domestic installation is for example chosen equal to 5V (Volt). It must be different from the standardized voltage values for vehicle charging, and/or have a PMW modulation (Pulse Width Modulation) different from those used for vehicle charging. The Vb voltages usually carried by the CP connector are -12V, 0V, 6V, 9V or 12V. They depend on the state of the charging terminal, but also on the state of the switch S2 of the control electronics 4, which makes it possible to communicate on the state of the vehicle (battery relays closed, etc.) as defined in the IEC 61851-1 standard.

Indeed, the control electronics 4 comprises two resistors R2 and R3 connected in parallel between on the one hand the output of a diode D connected at the input to the connector CP via the switch 42, and on the other apart from the PE connector connected to the ground of the control electronics 4, so as to form voltage divider bridges. The switch S2 is connected in series with the second resistor R2, one of its terminals being connected to the resistor R2 and the other of its terminals to the PE connector. The diode D and resistor/switch S2 assembly are connected in parallel to a filter capacitor Cv at the input of the control electronics 4, connected on the one hand to the output of the switch 42 and on the other hand to the connector PE. This structure makes it possible to transmit different voltage values Vb on the signal carried by the connector CP, to the charging terminal.

When the signaling means 32 are a magnet, the switches 41 and 42 are for example reed switches. As a variant, the signaling means 32 are a lug on the tip of the charging cable 30, cooperating with switches 41 and 42 with abutment. It should be noted that the specific charging base 40 of the vehicle comprising the switches 41 and 42, as well as the auxiliary voltage source 44, may possibly be removable. Since the computer 5 is also able to be updated remotely, it is possible to make an electric vehicle with any reversible charger compatible with this embodiment of the invention.

According to another alternative embodiment of the invention, the recognition means 32 are a specific resistance value of the charging cable, connected between the PP connector and the PE connector of the charging cable 30. In the standard, this resistance is chosen depending on the gauge of the charging cable. By choosing a value for this resistance which is specific to the supply mode of a domestic installation, for example equal to 380 Ohms with a tolerance of 3%, the vehicle 20 which measures this resistance before any activation of the battery relays, is able to determine that he must activate the generator mode specific to the supply of a domestic installation. The recognition means 43 are then, in this variant embodiment, the means for measuring the resistance between the so-called proximity pilot PP connector and the PE connector connected to ground.

In an improvement of this variant embodiment, the switching device 50 further comprises a secondary manual switch making it possible to choose the value of this specific resistance from among several values specific to the mode of supply of a domestic installation by the vehicle 20, these values depending on the desired supply voltage and frequency.

According to another improvement of this variant embodiment represented in FIG. 6 , the switching device 50 comprises a switch INT2 on the circuit connecting the ground connector of the cable and the proximity contact connector of the charging cable, this switch INT2 being closed when the MAN manual switch is set to its second position. Thus the vehicle 20, once connected to the charging cable 30, can only measure the value of the specific resistance between the PP connector and the PE connector when the switch is set to its second position. The vehicle therefore switches to generator mode only when the user has selected the mode of supplying his domestic installation by the battery of the vehicle 20. This makes it possible in particular to extend the life of the battery relays.

Alternatively, in order to prevent the user from selecting the second position of the MAN manual switch as long as the vehicle 20 is not connected and has not activated the generator mode, the switching device 50 comprises a lock VER represented on the 7 , preventing the choice of this second position as long as it is not unlocked by a voltage coming from the vehicle 20. For this the lock VER is unlocked by an actuator connected to the phases L1 and N of the charging cable 30. Thus the actuator is activated only when the vehicle is plugged in and activates the mode of supplying a domestic network by the battery. As a variant, the lock VER is replaced by a relay connected to the phases L1 and N of the charging cable 30 and automatically switching the manual switch MAN to the second position when the vehicle is plugged in and activates the mode of supplying a domestic network by battery. Thus the user benefits from an uninterrupted domestic power supply when he connects his vehicle 20 to the charging cable 30, assuming that the external power supply network RES was functional at the time of this switching. As a variant, means of automatic switching to the second position of the switch MAN are activated upon detection of a power failure of the network RES. In this variant, the power interruption is limited to the wake-up time of the vehicle's computer so that it switches to generator mode, assuming that the vehicle was previously connected to the switching device 50.

Other variants of the switching device 50 and of the vehicle according to the invention are possible. For example, as a variant, the action of the MAN manual switch makes it possible to change the earth connection diagram, as described for example in the document EP2834897. In another variant, the RES network is three-phase but the vehicle only supplies the domestic network in single-phase.

Claims (7)

Electric vehicle assembly (20) and electrical switching device (50) for a domestic electrical network, capable of allowing passage from a supply mode of said domestic electrical network by an external electrical power supply network (RES), to a mode of supplying said domestic electrical network by said electric vehicle (20), said electric vehicle (20) being equipped with a reversible charger, said assembly being characterized in that
- said device (50) is located upstream of the electrical distribution board (DIS) of said domestic electrical network and further comprises:
- a manual switch (MAN) with two positions, a first position (1) of the switch authorizing the passage of current only between, on the one hand, terminals of the switch connected to said domestic electrical network and, on the other hand, terminals (B1) of the switch connected to said external electrical power supply network (RES), and a second position (2) of said switch authorizing the passage of current only between on the one hand said terminals connected to said domestic electrical network and on the other hand terminals (B2) of the switch connected to a charging cable (30) for an electric vehicle;
- and said charging cable (30), comprising signaling means (32) specific to the power supply mode of a domestic network by the battery (BATT) of said vehicle (20);
- and in that said vehicle (20) comprises recognition means (43) capable of cooperating with said signaling means (32), and of activating the mode of supplying a domestic network by the battery (BATT) of said vehicle (20). Assembly according to Claim 1, characterized in that the said signaling means (32) comprise a magnet or an error-proofing lug capable of controlling a switch (41) respectively with a flexible blade or with a stop in the said vehicle (20), the said switch (41) being capable of connecting a voltage source (47) of said vehicle (20) to control electronics (4) of said vehicle, the value of said voltage source (47) being specific to the power supply mode of a home network via the battery (BATT) of said vehicle (20). Assembly according to Claim 1, characterized in that the said signaling means (32) comprise a resistor between a ground connector (PE) of the charging cable (30) and a proximity contact connector (PP) of the charging cable ( 30), the value of said resistance being specific to the mode of supplying a domestic network by the battery (BATT) of said vehicle (20). Assembly according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the said resistor is chosen from among several resistors by means of a secondary manual switch, the values of the said resistors being specific to the mode of supplying a domestic network by the battery (BATT) said vehicle (20) at different voltage levels and different frequencies. Assembly according to Claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the switching device (50) comprises a switch (INT2) on the circuit connecting the ground connector (PE) of the charging cable (30) and the proximity contact connector (PP) of the charging cable (30), said switch (INT2) being able to close only when the manual switch (MAN) is set to its second position (2). Assembly according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the switching device (50) further comprises an actuator or a relay cooperating with the voltage supplied by the said vehicle (20) following activation by the vehicle ( 20) of the mode of supplying a domestic network by the battery (BATT), said actuator or relay being able respectively to release a lock (VER) prohibiting the positioning of the manual switch (MAN) on said second position (2) or automatically switching said manual switch (MAN) to said second position (2). Assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising sensors (CAP1, CAP2) of the presence of voltage at the terminals (B1) of the switch (MAN) connected to the said external electrical power supply network (RES), as well as to the terminals ( B2) of the switch (MAN) connected to said charging cable (30), said voltage presence sensors (CAP1, CAP2) being connected to a man-machine interface or to a communication module.