FR3016379A1 - FORMWORK BANK WITH INTEGRATED STAIRCASE. - Google Patents

Abstract

Formwork shutter, for casting a concrete wall, comprising a formwork main body (1) with a formwork front face (11) and comprising an upper passageway forming a channel (3) and a support structure (2) fixed on a rear face (12) of the main body, the support structure comprising a staircase (6) hingedly attached to the support structure, the staircase having a main axis (W), and when the staircase is in a normal position of use; stairway is arranged such that a minimum predetermined distance separates the staircase from the rear face of the main formwork body, so as to allow passage and operator circulation on the upper gangway arranged along the rear face between the top of the stairs and the backside.

Description

The invention relates to shuttering formwork allowing access and movement of operators. More generally, in the field of formwork intended to form concrete structures in situ, it is known to use a formwork tooling called a shuttering formwork.

Such formwork shutter comprises a main body whose formwork front face is intended to be disposed internally to a formwork and to be in contact with the material cast therein. On the rear face of the main body, there are various elements used to ensure the positioning, maintenance and stabilization of the main body. In particular, there is provided a rear shoring structure (props and / or crutches) for positioning and properly maintain the form. There is also an upper footbridge for the circulation of site operators. In addition, a ladder can be provided to access the upper traffic bridge from the bottom of the channel.

Such formwork shuttering is known for example from FR2897376. However, it turns out that the known ladder arrangement has a number of disadvantages. Indeed, it is necessary to provide a passage opening, with an opening or removable hatch, above the ladder to allow secure movement of operators on the upper bridge. In addition, the use of a ladder requires the operators to have their hands busy grasping the ladder in order to climb and / or descend said ladder. In addition, the operator must move the hatch up with his head or helmet.

There is therefore the need to propose an improvement intended to overcome, at least in part, the aforementioned disadvantage of the known prior art. Hereinafter, a presentation of the invention.

According to a first aspect, the subject of the invention is a formwork shutter, for casting a concrete wall, comprising a formwork main body with a formwork front face, the formwork further comprising an upper gangway forming a channel, a fixed support structure on a rear face of the main body, and a staircase hingedly fixed to the support structure, said staircase having a main axis W along which users of the staircase move, characterized in that when the staircase is in position normal use, it is arranged so that its main axis W is parallel to the form plane XZ, and a minimum predetermined distance separates the staircase from the rear face of the main formwork body, so as to allow the passage and operator circulation on the upper gangway arranged along the rear face between the top of the stairs and the top of the rear face. Thanks to these provisions, it makes possible a permanent circulation on the corridor, even in case of rise and descent of operator by the staircase. In addition, the operators can go up and / or down with their hands free, and it is no longer necessary to push an opening hatch with the head as in the case of climbing with the ladder. According to one embodiment, the formwork has a length L1 along X and the staircase extends over a distance L6 along X, and L6 <L1, preferably L6 is between 50% and 75% of L1.

Thus, there is room on each side for the user of the staircase to come and go between the corridor and the upper portion of the stairs and between the corridor and the lower portion of another staircase located above. Preferably the staircase is centered with respect to the banche, to offer an equivalent space to go from the staircase to the passageway and respectively from the passageway to the upper staircase, so that the side is balanced against at a median plane YZ. In one embodiment, the staircase is formed by a single rectilinear portion; so that the staircase in question is particularly simple to manufacture.

According to one embodiment, there is provided a first stair bearing, arranged horizontally in extension of the top of the staircase and a second bearing arranged substantially at the same level, on the opposite side along X, serving as a landing for access to another staircase superior arranged just above. This secures the human movements of entry and exit in the staircase; including in the case where several boards equipped with such a staircase are superimposed. According to one embodiment, the length of the El staircase is between 90% and 100% of the height H of the banche, to be able to be pivoted vertically without exceeding the height, and secondly cover at least 85% of the height H when W is inclined at an angle of 30 degrees to the vertical. This arrangement is an optimum compromise for the length of the stairs relative to a sufficient coverage of the height in inclined position and relative to the possibility of straightening and folding the straight staircase without it exceeds the size of the form.

In one embodiment, the support structure comprises a frame connected to the main body by at least two rotatably mounted arms, and the staircase is hingedly attached to said frame; whereby the frame forms a solid rigid structure for forming a robust and stable docking structure for securing the staircase.

According to one embodiment, the articulation of the stairway on the frame comprises a first pivot axis Y1 horizontal normal position of the form and a second pivot axis Z1 vertical. This arrangement forms a simple, robust and reliable solution to allow the staircase to fold down into the XZ plane against the frame. According to one embodiment, which the staircase comprises a connecting piece rotatably mounted according to Z1 relative to the frame of the structure, and on which is rotatably mounted the staircase along the axis Y1. This produces a joint with two degrees of freedom with a single intermediate piece between the frame and the staircase. According to one embodiment, the staircase is fixed to the frame on a horizontal cross member of the frame; so that one can determine the optimal position of the attachment point along this cross to obtain the compromise of the best placement of the staircase in its inclined position and in its folded position against the frame. According to one embodiment, the staircase comprises a foldable guardrail (rotatably mounted along an axis VV1); so that the traffic along the stairs can be secured, especially against the risk of falling towards the back of the banche.

In one embodiment, the guardrail comprises an upper railing extension, comprising a telescopic arm and a single arm slidably received in the main railing portion; whereby this upper extension can be deployed when installing the staircase in the normal position and this extension can be retracted when it is desired to fold the staircase against the support structure. According to one embodiment, the staircase comprises two longitudinal members between which are fixed the steps, and each spar is provided with an extension in the upper part. So that we can use these extensions of spars to fix the staircase in its upper part on the first staircase, and we can thus immobilize the staircase in its angular position about the axis Y1. According to one embodiment, the formwork may furthermore comprise an access ladder and a passage hatch in the passageway gangway. With which one can use the ladder if the staircase is not yet installed correctly or if its installation is impossible considering the space available behind the banche.

According to one embodiment, the staircase is foldably mounted on the support structure and the support structure is foldable against the rear face of the main body. It is thus possible to retract the whole of the support structure including the staircase which is attached in an articulated manner so that the bulk of the formwork for transport is minimal. In one embodiment, the formwork may further comprise a rear railing extending parallel to the formwork plane and the rear railing separating the corridor from the staircase. This secures the traffic on the walkway gangway including vis-à-vis the stairs. According to one embodiment, the formwork may further comprise a set of railings forming a border of the circulation bridge. This secures the traffic on the walkway gangway. In one embodiment, the formwork may further include an auxiliary guard assembly forming a border of the first and second stair treads. By means of which the entrance and / or exit of the stairs are secured by such guardrails. According to one embodiment, the staircase is made of aluminum alloy; So that its weight remains very moderate. The figures of the drawings are now briefly described. Figure 1 is a perspective view of the shuttering formwork according to the present invention. Figure 2 is a side view of the formwork box of Figure 1. Figure 3 is a top view of the formwork box of Figure 1. Figure 4 shows a perspective view of two superimposed boards. Figures 5A, 5B show different phases of folding of the stairs. Figure 6 shows in more detail the staircase module. Figure 7 shows in more detail the articulation of the staircase on the support frame. Figure 8 illustrates an alternative embodiment including a conventional scale, with two superimposed banks. Figure 9 is a perspective view of the box in so-called 'collapsed' position, that is to say with the rear structure completely retracted for transport. The following is a detailed discussion of several embodiments of the invention with examples and reference to the drawings.

In the example illustrated, there is described formwork tooling, used in the building industry, called formwork shuttering 10, whose main purpose is to contribute to the formation of a wall by pouring concrete . The wall in question may have a greater or lesser thickness, it may also call wall or concrete veil.

In the example illustrated, there is described formwork tooling, used in the building industry, called formwork shuttering 10, whose main purpose is to contribute to the formation of a wall by pouring concrete . The wall in question may have a greater or lesser thickness, it may also be called 'wall' or 'veil' of concrete. To form such a wall, two boards are placed opposite each other, their front faces defining a casting cavity, which will form the wall (the wall) after solidification. By convention, the directions "vertical" Z "horizontal" X (or also "longitudinal"), and "transverse" Y will refer, unless otherwise stated, to a position of the vertical formwork in preparation for the formwork. Similarly, the term "front" refers to the elements facing the formwork side and the term "back" refers to the opposite direction. The formwork comprises a main casing body 1 with a formwork front face 11 and a rear face 12. The formwork front face 11 is intended to be disposed internally to the formwork and to be in contact with the material cast therein. In the normal use position for the formwork, this formwork front face 11 extends in a plane XZ (X being the horizontal and Z the vertical). This formwork front face 11 may be formed by a metal wall or a plywood wall, as known per se and not described in detail here. The main body 1 of formwork (also called 'box') is usually equipped with stiffeners or reinforcing ribs, as it is also known per se. The main body is bordered by an upper bank 13 and a lower bank 14, and lateral banks 15, provided to facilitate the docking edge of several banks. Similarly, in the case of construction of significant height, with at least two sidewalls in height, the lower bank 14 of an upper branch 10A will come dock on the upper bank 13 of a lower branch 10 (Figure 4).

The main formwork body of the panel 1 may have a height H substantially corresponding to a building floor, H being between 2.80m and 3m. However, panels of lower height are not excluded in the context of the present invention. The width of the body L1 can typically be 2.50 m. Here too, smaller widths are not excluded. The weight of such banches can reach several hundred kilos, even up to 2 tons. The rear face 12 is provided to receive a number of equipment which will be discussed later.

In particular, the formwork is equipped with a support structure 2, intended to position, maintain and stabilize the branch when it is in the vertical position in the formwork preparation phases. The support structure 2 also serves to accommodate access means to go up and / or down along the side. As will be seen below, said access means can be formed on the one hand by an upper bridge and on the other by a staircase, in which case the support structure serves to receive and support a staircase 6 and / or a gateway 3 and (Figs 1 to 3). Such a staircase may preferably be made simply in a single rectilinear portion.

Regarding the support structure, in the example shown, the support structure 2 comprises a frame 20 which forms a rigid mechanical entity; this frame 20 is formed by vertical uprights 81,82 and horizontal reinforcing crosspieces connecting the uprights between them, which gives a general shape of rectangle. However, the frame in question could be in a different form, or in any other form, for example trapezoidal or triangular, with a single foot and amounts oblique. Nevertheless, for reasons of stability, robustness and simplicity of manufacture, it has been retained, for the illustrative example, a frame of generally rectangular shape, extending in a plane XZ substantially parallel to the formwork face.

In the example shown, the frame 20 is connected to the rear face by four articulated arms 21,22,23,24. Specifically, there are two lower arms 21,22 (respectively right and left) located near the lower end of the form, and two upper arms 23,24 (respectively right and left), arranged at a certain distance from the upper end of the box for reasons that will be discussed later, with a more detailed description of these articulated arms. In addition, the section includes an upper circulation bridge 3, which forms a corridor, designed to receive the passage of operators C working at the site of the casting of the wall. As known per se, this gateway 3 comprises a floor 30. Advantageously, this bridge 3 is rotatably mounted relative to the upper end 13 of the main body of the box, with a rotation joint along a horizontal axis X4.

Advantageously according to the invention, there is provided an access stairway 6 to access the gangway 3. In the example illustrated, it is a linear staircase W axis installed parallel formwork plane XZ, and inclined 30 ° from vertical Z in the position of use. The staircase 6 is hingedly fixed relative to the frame 20. More specifically, the hinge comprises a first pivotally mounted about the axis Y1, and a second pivotally mounted about an axis Z1, with the structure one of the crosspieces 25 connecting the two vertical uprights of the frame 20. In the illustrated example, the main formwork body 1 has a thickness referenced D1 along the transverse axis Y, the gangway 3 has a width referenced D2 along the transverse axis Y, (value generally taken between the plane of the rear face 12 and the plane of the frame 20), and the staircase 6 has a width referenced D3 always Y. D1 is generally 15 and 25 cm. We choose for D2 a value allowing operators to circulate and manipulate tools, for example D2 between 60cm and 90cm.

It is understood that D2 is chosen as a minimum predetermined distance which separates the staircase 6 from the rear face 12 of the main body 1. For D3, a value is also chosen which allows the operators to circulate safely on the staircase, for example D3 between 55cm and 70cm, without necessarily having to cross, the crossing of the operators can be carried out preferably on the zones of corridors in horizontal. It should be noted that the overall width of the board (D1 + D2 + D3) remains reasonable and acceptable for most job site configurations. As illustrated in FIG. 4, when another sleeve 10A is identified and superimposed on the marked box 10, the lower edge 14 of the main body 1A bears on the upper edge 13 of the main body 1, high level of the XO interface plane; by the combination of stairs 6 and 6A and bearings 61,62,61A, 62A, we advantageously obtain an operator circulation circuit marked 79 which allows up and down hands free operators. More precisely, the circuit 79 comprises starting from the bottom a first inclined portion 79W corresponding first staircase 6, then a horizontal portion 79H1, 79H2 corresponding to the first staircase 61 and the passageway 3 and the second staircase 62. Then , circuit 79 again includes an inclined portion 79W corresponding to the second staircase 6A and a new horizontal portion 79H similar to that already described. It should be noted that the invention is not limited to two superimposed banks, the number may be greater and the circuit 79 may be extended in this case. When the operators C move according to this circuit, they can do it without using their hands or their head or their helmet Cl.

As illustrated in FIG. 3, the formwork has a length denoted L1 along X and the staircase extends over a distance L6 along X, and L6 is smaller than L1, preferably L6 is between 50% and 75% of L1. Thus, there is an extension of the top of the staircase a first stair bearing 61, arranged horizontally which allows an operator to turn safely to the corridor. This first landing can be bordered by bodyguards which will be detailed later. Similarly, there is provided a second bearing 62 arranged substantially at the same level, on the opposite side along X, this second bearing 62 being intended to facilitate access to the upper staircase. Advantageously, the dimensions of the first and second bearings 61, 62 are similar, in other words the staircase is disposed substantially centrally along the length of the panel according to X.

As illustrated in FIG. 6, the staircase comprises a right spar 63, a left spar 64, and a plurality of steps 60 which extend perpendicularly to the spars and which are each respectively fixed on one side to the left spar and on the other. the other side to the right spar. Each spar is provided with an extension (67,68) at its upper part, which makes it possible to lengthen the staircase with a length E2 so that the top of the spars thus lengthened can be carried on the first bearing 61 'staircase. This further allows to maintain the staircase in such an inclined position, preventing rotation around the axis Yl.

The length of the staircase proper, noted El is between 90% and 100% of the height H of the banche, to be able on the one hand to be pivoted vertically without exceeding the height, and other cover at least 85% of the height H when W is inclined at an angle of 30 degrees from the vertical The stairway is equipped with a retractable guardrail 17. This guardrail is pivotally mounted around an axis W1 located on the outer side of the right spar 63 of the staircase. In addition, the guardrail 17 is equipped with an upper extension (66,69) railing, comprising a telescopic arm 69 and a single arm 66 slidably received in the main portion 65 of railing.

The telescopic arm comprises an outer tube 69b rotatably mounted around a bearing U1 integral with a post 76 of railing, and an inner tube 69a which slides inside the outer tube for the telescopic function. Furthermore, the end of the inner tube 69a is rotatably mounted along an axis U2 on the end of the single rail arm 66 which is slidably received inside the main guardrail portion 65. There is provided a stop pin to maintain the deployed position; while the arrows F17 illustrated in Figure 6 show the kinematics of retraction of the railing extension.

Advantageously, the staircase 6 can be folded as follows: firstly, the railing extension is retracted, then the retractable rail 17 is folded flat against the staircase, then the stairway is rotated about the axis Y1 to place the staircase in a vertical position (Fiq 5A), then we turn the staircase around the Z1 axis to place the staircase parallel to the plane of the XZ frame (Fig 5B). We can then further retract the entire rear structure 2 according to the arrow F2, to minimize the overall size in the Y direction, for the transport of the form, for example on semi-trailer truck. FIG. 7 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the articulation between the stair and the frame 20. A connecting piece 16, preferably made of metal, comprises a rod 76 forming an axle shaft, extending along the axis Y1, received in a cylinder 18 fixed under the longitudinal members 63,64 of the staircase. Furthermore, the connecting piece 16 comprises a cylinder 19 welded to the rod 76 mentioned above, this cylinder being mounted on a fixed pin 75 projecting and belonging to the crosspiece 25. The position of the cylinder 18 and the finger 75 are chosen so to have a centered position of the staircase along X. For example the cylinder 18 is about a third of El starting from the bottom of the stairs, the fixed finger 75 is about a quarter of the length of the crossbar on the side of left vertical upright 82. In addition, in the illustrated example, there is provided a set of railings 5,7.

The railing assembly 5 includes a front guard 50 extending substantially in the XZ plane. In the normal position of use, this front railing rises vertically on a height between 1m50 and 2m from the level of the traffic bridge. In the illustrated example, this front guard 50 can slide vertically along the rear face 12 of the shuttering body, so that it can be lowered (mark F5, Fig 5B) in a retracted position in which it is arranged entirely against the rear face of the formwork bridge, which corresponds to the retracted position for transport. The railing assembly 5 includes a rear railing 51 which extends parallel to the XZ plane at the rear end of the traffic bridge. More specifically, this rear railing 51 is rotatably mounted on the upper end of the frame 20, about an axis of rotation referenced X5. It is angularly movable 180 ° (F11) between a position of use as illustrated in Figure 5B, where it has a height of between 1.5 m and 2 m from the bridge, and a folded position where it is found adjacent to the upper half of the frame 20. The normal position of use can be locked by a locking means, known per se and not shown in detail. There are also two side railings 52,53, also called end railings, which are necessary in the case the board in question is not adjacent to another similar board. The right side railing 52 is rotatably mounted on the structure about the axis of rotation marked Z52, vertical in the normal position of use. Similarly, the left-hand railing 53 is rotatably mounted on the structure on the other side around the axis of rotation marked Z53. In their normal position of protection, they close on the sides the traffic bridge. In order to prepare the folding maneuvers, the right side railing 52 is rotated 270 ° (arrow F12) to lie flat along the rear railing 50, and similarly, the left side railing 53 is rotated 270 ° (Arrow F13) to end up flat along the rear railing 50. After that, the rear railing 50, then equipped with two folded side railings, can be rotated 180 ° ( X5 axis) along the arrow F11, to be adjacent to the upper half of the frame 20, without exceeding the upper end of the form. Thus, the set of guardrails 5 can be retracted on the one hand against the main body and on the other hand between the frame of the support structure, without exceeding in the X and Z directions, this being compatible with the kinematics of retraction and deployment of the frame as described above. In a similar way, the auxiliary railings 70, 71 may be with the stair bearings 61, 62 folded in order to completely retract the rear support structure 2. The auxiliary railing 70 may be pivoted against the auxiliary railing 71 (Z71 axis, arrow F71, 1/4 turn or 3/4 of a turn), both of which are then together pivoted downward about the axis X7 (arrows F7, F70), the first bearing staircase 61 being pivoted about the axis X5.

The auxiliary railing 70,71 is similarly folded on the opposite side. After the set of guardrails have been placed in the retracted position, the entire rear support structure 2, in the direction of the arrow F2, can be folded by folding the articulated arms 21-24.

As illustrated in Figure 8, the provisions for the installation of the staircase do not prevent the simultaneous presence of a scale solution 4; said ladder 4 being disposed between the frame and the main formwork body. This ladder is fixed in its upper part to the floor 30 of the bridge 3. In this case, there is provided a hatch 31 which closes the passage between the underside of the bridge and the top of the bridge. This hatch can be opening or removable. In the illustrated example, it is an opening hatch 31 rotatably mounted along a horizontal axis of rotation parallel to and adjacent to the axis X4.

Such a scale can be used as a backup solution in the case where the deployment of the staircase is difficult or impossible for example if the space available in the rear area of the board is too small. It should be noted that the traffic bridge 3 can be folded against the rear face 12 of the main body; conversely, when deploying the traffic gateway, there are provided automatic locks relative to the upper portion of the frame, so that the security of the gateway in the use position is automatic. It should also be noted that the ladder 4 may be articulated with respect to the free edge of the traffic bridge, and that the ladder may have a telescopic portion, so that the retraction of the upper gateway 3 and the ladder 4 are linked and simultaneous.

As shown in FIG. 9, in the colossal position, the following elements are found starting from the rear face 12 of the main formwork body 1: the front railing 50 which has been lowered and which is slid against the face rear 12, - the traffic bridge 3 and the stairs 4 (which can be pivotally connected to the bridge as known per se), - the structural frame 20 of the support structure, - the set of rear body guards and laterally 51,52,53, - then at the highest level, we find the staircase equipment, with the staircase 6 retracted flat with its rail 17 collapsible with its extension, and on both sides of the stairway the first and second stairways 61,62 and the associated auxiliary railings 70,71.

Claims (18)

REVENDICATIONS1. Formwork shutter, for casting a concrete wall, comprising a formwork main body (1) with a formwork front face (11), the formwork further comprising an upper passageway forming a channel (3), a support structure (2) fixed on a rear face (12) of the main body, and a staircase (6) hingedly attached to the support structure, said staircase having a main axis W along which users of the staircase move, characterized in that when the staircase (6) is in the normal position of use, it is arranged so that its main axis W is parallel to the form plane XZ, and a minimum predetermined distance (D2) separates the staircase from the face rear of the main formwork body, so as to allow the passage and the operator circulation on the upper gangway forming passageway (3) arranged along the rear face between the top of the staircase and the top of the rear face. 2. Formwork shuttering according to claim 1, wherein the formwork has a length L1 along X and the staircase extends over a distance L6 along X, and L6 is less than L1, preferably L6 is between 50% and 75% of L1. 3. Formwork shuttering according to one of claims 1-2, wherein the staircase is formed by a single rectilinear portion. 4. Formwork shuttering according to one of claims 1-3, wherein there is provided a first stair bearing (61), arranged horizontally in extension of the top of the staircase and a second bearing (62) arranged substantially at the same level, on the opposite side, serving as an access landing to another upper staircase arranged just above. 5. Formwork shuttering according to one of claims 1-4, wherein the length of the stair (El) is between 90% and 100% of the height H of the form, to be able on the one hand to be rotated to the vertical without exceeding the box height, and secondly cover at least 85% of the height H when W is inclined at an angle of 30 degrees to the vertical. 6. Formwork shuttering according to one of claims 1-5, wherein the support structure comprises a frame (20), connected to the main body by at least two rotatably mounted arms, and wherein the stair (6) is hingedly attached to said frame. 7. Formwork shuttering according to claim 6, wherein the articulation of the staircase on the frame comprises a first pivot axis Y1 horizontal normal position of the form and a second pivot axis Z1 vertical. 8. Formwork shuttering according to claim 7, wherein the staircase comprises a connecting piece (16) rotatably mounted in Z1 relative to the frame of the structure, and on which is rotatably mounted the staircase along the axis Y1. 9. Formwork shuttering according to one of claims 6-8, wherein the stair (6) is fixed to the frame (20) on a horizontal cross member (25) of the frame. 10. Formwork shuttering according to one of claims 1-9, wherein the stair comprises a railing (17) foldable by a rotatably mounted along an axis VV1. 11. formwork shuttering according to claim 10, wherein the railing (17) comprises an upper extension (66,69) railing, comprising a telescopic arm (69) and a single arm (66) slidably received in the main portion (65) railing. 12. shuttering board according to one of claims 1-9, wherein the stair comprises two longitudinal members (63,64) between which are fixed the steps, and each spar is provided with an extension (67,68) in the top part. 13. Formwork shuttering according to one of claims 1-10, further comprising an access ladder (4) and a flap (31) in the passageway gangway. 14. Formwork shuttering according to one of claims 1-13, wherein the staircase is mounted foldable on the support structure and the support structure (2) is foldable against the rear face (12) of the main body. . 15. formwork shuttering according to one of claims 1-14, further comprising a rear railing (51) extending parallel to the formwork plane and wherein said rear railing separates the passageway (3) of the 'staircase. 16. Formwork shuttering according to one of claims 1-14, further comprising a set of railings (50,51,52,53) forming a border of the circulation bridge. 17. Formwork shuttering according to one of claims 4-14, further comprising a set of auxiliary railing (7) forming a border of the first and second stair bearings (61,62). 18. Formwork shuttering according to one of claims 1-7, wherein the staircase is made of aluminum alloy.