FR3000061A1 - Ceramic product such as tile, is useful as flooring for kitchen, comprises matrix of ceramic or glass, in which particles of magnetic material are dispersed, where upper layer of product comprises enamel layer - Google Patents
Ceramic product such as tile, is useful as flooring for kitchen, comprises matrix of ceramic or glass, in which particles of magnetic material are dispersed, where upper layer of product comprises enamel layer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR3000061A1 FR3000061A1 FR1262520A FR1262520A FR3000061A1 FR 3000061 A1 FR3000061 A1 FR 3000061A1 FR 1262520 A FR1262520 A FR 1262520A FR 1262520 A FR1262520 A FR 1262520A FR 3000061 A1 FR3000061 A1 FR 3000061A1
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- FR
- France
- Prior art keywords
- ceramic
- glass
- ceramic product
- particles
- matrix
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 102
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000009408 flooring Methods 0.000 title description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003302 ferromagnetic material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002907 paramagnetic material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 iron-nickel-aluminum Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001172 neodymium magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000938 samarium–cobalt magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000612 Sm alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [B].[Fe].[Nd] Chemical compound [B].[Fe].[Nd] QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- QXZUUHYBWMWJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Co].[Ni] QXZUUHYBWMWJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- KPLQYGBQNPPQGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt samarium Chemical compound [Co].[Sm] KPLQYGBQNPPQGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007496 glass forming Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005298 paramagnetic effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000006249 magnetic particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052571 earthenware Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001291 heusler alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052622 kaolinite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium carbonate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000521 B alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000914 Mn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006397 acrylic thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000828 alnico Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical class O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium carbonate Substances [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006063 cullet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052900 illite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000464 lead oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052664 nepheline Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010434 nepheline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VGIBGUSAECPPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-L nonaaluminum;magnesium;tripotassium;1,3-dioxido-2,4,5-trioxa-1,3-disilabicyclo[1.1.1]pentane;iron(2+);oxygen(2-);fluoride;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[F-].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[K+].[K+].[K+].[Fe+2].O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2 VGIBGUSAECPPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead Chemical compound [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052615 phyllosilicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011182 sodium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019351 sodium silicates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C=C ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/04—Clay; Kaolin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/32—Burning methods
- C04B33/34—Burning methods combined with glazing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/628—Coating the powders or the macroscopic reinforcing agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/628—Coating the powders or the macroscopic reinforcing agents
- C04B35/62897—Coatings characterised by their thickness
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
- C04B41/5022—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials with vitreous materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
- C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
- C04B41/85—Coating or impregnation with inorganic materials
- C04B41/86—Glazes; Cold glazes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/06—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder
- H01F1/08—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder pressed, sintered, or bound together
- H01F1/083—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder pressed, sintered, or bound together in a bonding agent
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/20—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder
- H01F1/28—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder dispersed or suspended in a bonding agent
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/34—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials non-metallic substances, e.g. ferrites
- H01F1/36—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials non-metallic substances, e.g. ferrites in the form of particles
- H01F1/37—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials non-metallic substances, e.g. ferrites in the form of particles in a bonding agent
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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Abstract
Description
PRODUITS POUR REVETEMENT DE SOL OU MURAL PRESENTANT DES PROPRIETES MAGNETIQUES L'invention concerne des produits céramiques, en particulier des carreaux céramiques pour revêtement de sol ou mural présentant des propriétés magnétiques. Selon l'invention, on entend par « propriété magnétique », l'aptitude d'un matériau à pouvoir attirer par aimantation un autre matériau ou à être attiré par aimantation par un autre matériau lui-même magnétique.The invention relates to ceramic products, in particular ceramic tiles for flooring or wall tiles having magnetic properties. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION According to the invention, the term "magnetic property" is understood to mean the ability of a material to attract another material by magnetization or to be attracted by magnetization by another material which is itself magnetic.
Selon l'invention, on entend par « produit céramique », un article ayant une matrice, vitrifiée ou non, de structure cristalline ou partiellement cristalline, ou de verre, formée de substances essentiellement inorganiques et non métalliques, et qui est formé par une masse en fusion qui se solidifie en se refroidissant, ou qui est formé et porté à maturité, en même temps ou ultérieurement, par l'action de la chaleur. Une telle définition est conforme à celle définie par la société américaine ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials). A titre d'exemple de produits céramiques, on peut citer les carreaux, les poteries, les tuiles, les équipements sanitaires ou encore la vaisselle. Selon l'invention, on considère qu'un produit céramique comprend une matrice en céramique ou en verre. La distinction entre les matrices est établie arbitrairement en fonction du procédé de formation. Un produit céramique comprenant une matrice en céramique est formé et porté à maturité, en même temps ou ultérieurement, par l'action de la chaleur alors qu'un produit céramique comprenant une matrice en verre est formé par une masse en fusion qui se solidifie en se refroidissant. Les matrices en céramiques comprennent notamment les céramiques dites de bâtiment incluant la faïence, la terre cuite ou le grès. Les produits céramiques comprennent éventuellement une couche supérieure qui peut également être formée d'une matrice céramique ou en verre telle qu'une couche d'émail. Les carreaux céramiques sont traditionnellement utilisés comme partie de revêtement mural pour salle de bains ou cuisine. Une fois posé, un revêtement formé de tels carreaux ne permet pas, sans percer, la fixation sur ledit revêtement d'objets variés. Les procédés de préparation des produits céramiques comprennent nécessairement une étape de traitement thermique à haute température.35 De fait, les différents procédés permettant la fixation d'objet sont réalisés sur des produits céramiques mis en forme, c'est-à-dire ayant subi l'étape de traitement thermique. Par exemple, des objets peuvent être fixés de manière sûre en utilisant des moyens additionnels de fixation tels que des vis, clous, chevilles ou analogues. Ces procédés de fixation nécessitent de percer les carreaux et constituent de fait des procédés destructifs obligeant de déterminer de manière définitive ab initio l'emplacement des objets. En effet, l'emplacement des objets à fixer est tributaire de l'emplacement de ladite fixation. Ces procédés de fixation présentent donc pour inconvénients non négligeables de détériorer le revêtement et de ne pas permettre la mobilité des objets. Une autre solution consiste à utiliser des adhésifs tels que des colles fortes. Ces moyens de fixation bien que ne détériorant pas définitivement le revêtement, s'avèrent également inadaptés lorsque l'on recherche la mobilité des objets mis en place sur le revêtement. Enfin, une autre solution envisageable consiste à utiliser des moyens de fixation amovibles tels que des ventouses permettant la fixation d'objet sur des surfaces lisses. La condition pour l'obtention d'une bonne adhérence d'une ventouse repose sur la planéité et la propreté de la surface du revêtement. Des moyens de fixation de type ventouse peuvent avantageusement être dissociés aussi souvent que nécessaire pour être replacés n'importe où sur la surface dudit revêtement dans la mesure où celle-ci reste plane et propre. En dehors des moyens cités ci-dessus, la demande internationale VVO 2008/121806 décrit des carreaux magnétiques comprenant une couche supérieure exposée aux utilisateurs et une couche magnétique inférieure fixée à la couche supérieure par une couche intermédiaire. La couche supérieure peut être à base de matériaux aussi divers que le cuir, la fourrure, le plastique, le verre, les céramiques, les matériaux de construction, les matériaux cimentaires et les métaux. Ces carreaux sont destinés à être fixés sur un support ferromagnétique lui-même disposé sur des surfaces telles que des sols, des murs, des plateaux. Ce document ne s'intéresse pas à la fixation d'objet sur un revêtement constitué de produits céramiques de type carreaux mais à la fixation modulable de carreaux, comprenant ou non une matrice en céramique ou en verre, sur un support ferromagnétique.35 Les produits céramiques n'ont pas de propriété magnétique intrinsèque. Le demandeur a développé de manière surprenante des produits céramiques présentant des propriétés magnétiques avantageuses. La fixation d'objets divers sur un revêtement formé de produits céramiques selon l'invention de type carreaux est rendue possible, sans détériorer de manière permanente lesdits produits céramiques, notamment sans perçage, et sans nécessiter un contrôle des propriétés de surface du revêtement telle que la planéité ou la propreté. De plus, la solution de l'invention permet de moduler à l'infini l'emplacement des objets à fixer une fois le revêtement posé.According to the invention, the term "ceramic product" means an article having a matrix, vitreous or non-vitrified, of crystalline or partially crystalline structure, or of glass, formed of essentially inorganic and non-metallic substances, and which is formed by a mass melt which solidifies on cooling, or which is formed and matured, at the same time or later, by the action of heat. Such a definition is in accordance with that defined by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). Examples of ceramic products include tiles, pottery, tiles, sanitary equipment or dishes. According to the invention, it is considered that a ceramic product comprises a ceramic or glass matrix. The distinction between the matrices is established arbitrarily according to the training method. A ceramic product comprising a ceramic matrix is formed and matured, at the same time or later, by the action of heat while a ceramic product comprising a glass matrix is formed by a melt which solidifies into cooling down. Ceramic matrices include especially so-called building ceramics including earthenware, terracotta or sandstone. The ceramic products optionally comprise an upper layer which may also be formed of a ceramic or glass matrix such as an enamel layer. Ceramic tiles are traditionally used as part of a wall covering for bathrooms or kitchens. Once laid, a coating formed of such tiles does not allow, without drilling, fixing on said coating of various objects. The processes for the preparation of the ceramic products necessarily include a heat treatment step at high temperature. In fact, the various methods for fixing the object are carried out on shaped ceramic products, that is to say having undergone the heat treatment step. For example, objects can be securely attached using additional fastening means such as screws, nails, dowels, or the like. These fixing methods require the drilling of the tiles and are in fact destructive processes forcing to definitively determine ab initio the location of the objects. Indeed, the location of the objects to be fixed is dependent on the location of said attachment. These fixing methods therefore have the disadvantageous disadvantages of deteriorating the coating and not allowing the mobility of objects. Another solution is to use adhesives such as strong adhesives. These fixing means, although not permanently deteriorating the coating, also prove unsuitable when one seeks the mobility of the objects placed on the coating. Finally, another conceivable solution is to use removable fastening means such as suction cups for fixing objects on smooth surfaces. The condition for obtaining good adhesion of a suction cup is based on the flatness and cleanliness of the surface of the coating. Suction type fixing means may advantageously be dissociated as often as necessary to be placed anywhere on the surface of said coating as long as it remains flat and clean. In addition to the means mentioned above, the international application VVO 2008/121806 describes magnetic tiles comprising an upper layer exposed to the users and a lower magnetic layer fixed to the upper layer by an intermediate layer. The top layer can be made from materials as diverse as leather, fur, plastic, glass, ceramics, building materials, cementitious materials and metals. These tiles are intended to be fixed on a ferromagnetic support itself disposed on surfaces such as floors, walls, trays. This document is not concerned with the attachment of objects to a coating made of tile-type ceramic products but to the modular fixing of tiles, whether or not comprising a ceramic or glass matrix, on a ferromagnetic support. ceramics do not have intrinsic magnetic property. The Applicant has surprisingly developed ceramic products with advantageous magnetic properties. The fixation of various objects on a coating formed of ceramic products according to the invention of the tile type is made possible, without permanently damaging said ceramic products, in particular without drilling, and without requiring a control of the surface properties of the coating such as flatness or cleanliness. In addition, the solution of the invention allows to infinitely modulate the location of the objects to be fixed once the coating is laid.
L'invention concerne donc un produit céramique comprenant au moins une matrice en céramique ou en verre caractérisé en ce que des particules de matériaux magnétiques sont dispersées dans une matrice en céramique ou en verre. Le produit céramique peut comprendre en outre une couche supérieure comprenant une matrice en céramique ou en verre. Selon l'invention, les particules de matériaux magnétiques peuvent être dispersées dans la matrice en céramique ou en verre formant le corps du produit céramique ou dans la matrice en céramique ou en verre de la couche supérieure. La solution de l'invention n'est pas destructive en ce sens que la fixation d'objet ne génère pas l'endommagement du produit céramique. De plus, cette solution permet une grande flexibilité quant à la fixation d'objet, par exemple dans un objectif décoratif. Les matériaux magnétiques sont choisis parmi les matériaux paramagnétiques et les matériaux ferromagnétiques. Les matériaux magnétiques peuvent comprendre des matériaux céramiques ou des matériaux métalliques. De préférence, les matériaux paramagnétiques sont des matériaux choisis parmi l'aluminium, le tungstène, le platine ou des alliages tels que les aciers inoxydables (inox). De préférence, les matériaux ferromagnétiques sont des matériaux choisis parmi : - le fer, le nickel, le cobalt et certains de leurs alliages, - les alliages d'Heusler tels que les alliages de cuivre, de manganèse et d'aluminium, - les terres rares présentant des propriétés ferromagnétiques, - les alliages de fer-nickel-aluminium (alnicos), - les mélanges à base d'oxyde de fer notamment composés d'oxyde de fer (11,111) de formule Fe(11)0.Fe(111)203,35 - les alliages à base de samarium-cobalt et - les alliages à base de néodyme-fer-bore. Les alliages de Heusler sont des alliages métalliques ferromagnétiques basés sur une phase intermétallique de composition particulière et de structure cristallographique cubique à faces centrées. On entend par « particule », un élément solide individualisé qui ne peut être subdivisé facilement par les procédés usuels de séparation. Les particules de matériaux magnétiques peuvent être enrobées, c'est-à-dire étant recouvertes d'une couche d'un autre matériau d'épaisseur comprise entre quelques nanomètres et quelques centaines de micromètres. Cette couche superficielle peut permettre de protéger ladite particule d'une attaque chimique par exemple. Les particules peuvent prendre tout type de forme telle que sphérique, sphéroïdale ou cubique. Les particules de matériaux magnétiques présentent un diamètre supérieur à 1 pm. Selon l'invention, on appelle « diamètre », le diamètre équivalent d'une particule qui correspond au diamètre d'une sphère qui aurait la même surface spécifique que ladite particule, la surface spécifique étant la surface rapportée au volume de la particule considérée. Pour une particule sphérique, le diamètre équivalent correspond au diamètre de la sphère. Lorsque les particules de matériaux magnétiques sont dispersées dans la matrice en céramique ou en verre formant le corps du produit céramique, elles ont avantageusement un diamètre supérieur à 5 pm, supérieur à 10 pm ou supérieur à 100 pm. Les particules de matériaux magnétiques peuvent avoir un diamètre compris entre 10 et 1000 pm, entre 100 et 1000 pm ou entre 500 et 1000 pm. Lorsque les particules de matériaux magnétiques sont dispersées dans la matrice en verre ou en céramique de la couche supérieure, elles ont avantageusement un diamètre inférieur à 5 pm. Les particules de matériaux magnétiques peuvent avoir un diamètre compris entre 1 et 5 pm. Selon un mode de réalisation particulièrement avantageux, les particules de matériaux magnétiques dispersées dans la matrice en céramique ou en verre sont de préférence des morceaux de fer tels que de la limaille de fer. La limaille de fer provient de l'usinage mécanique d'objet en fer et comprend des particules de fer de diamètre compris entre 10 et 1000 pm. Les particules de matériaux magnétiques dispersées dans la matrice en céramique ou en verre peuvent également être des morceaux de fer de diamètre supérieur tels que des morceaux de fer d'au moins 1 mm3.35 Les produits céramiques sont de préférence des carreaux comprenant une matrice en céramique. L'invention concerne également un revêtement comprenant des produits céramiques selon l'invention, de préférence des carreaux céramiques, juxtaposés et collés. La fixation d'objet peut être obtenue par l'utilisation d'au moins un aimant permanent. Selon ce mode de réalisation, au moins un aimant permanent est fixé par aimantation au produit céramique. Il est alors possible de venir fixer au niveau de cet aimant permanent un objet magnétique. Il est également possible de fixer des objets non magnétiques, par exemple en papier, entre le produit céramique et l'aimant permanent. Selon un autre mode de réalisation, la fixation d'objet peut être obtenue par l'incorporation de particules magnétiques susceptibles d'assurer la fonction d'aimant permanent.The invention therefore relates to a ceramic product comprising at least one ceramic or glass matrix characterized in that particles of magnetic materials are dispersed in a ceramic or glass matrix. The ceramic product may further comprise an upper layer comprising a ceramic or glass matrix. According to the invention, the particles of magnetic materials may be dispersed in the ceramic or glass matrix forming the body of the ceramic product or in the ceramic or glass matrix of the upper layer. The solution of the invention is not destructive in that the object attachment does not cause damage to the ceramic product. In addition, this solution allows great flexibility in the attachment of objects, for example in a decorative purpose. The magnetic materials are selected from paramagnetic materials and ferromagnetic materials. Magnetic materials may include ceramic materials or metallic materials. Preferably, the paramagnetic materials are materials chosen from aluminum, tungsten, platinum or alloys such as stainless steels (stainless steel). Preferably, the ferromagnetic materials are materials chosen from: iron, nickel, cobalt and some of their alloys; Heusler alloys such as alloys of copper, manganese and aluminum; rare having ferromagnetic properties, - iron-nickel-aluminum alloys (alnicos), - mixtures based on iron oxide, in particular iron oxide compounds (11, 111) of formula Fe (11) O.Fe (111 203,35 - samarium-cobalt-based alloys and - neodymium-iron-boron alloys. Heusler alloys are ferromagnetic metal alloys based on an intermetallic phase of particular composition and cubic face-centered crystallographic structure. The term "particle" means an individualized solid element that can not be easily subdivided by the usual methods of separation. The particles of magnetic materials may be coated, that is to say being covered with a layer of another material of thickness between a few nanometers and a few hundred micrometers. This superficial layer may make it possible to protect said particle from chemical attack for example. The particles can take any type of shape such as spherical, spheroidal or cubic. The particles of magnetic materials have a diameter greater than 1 μm. According to the invention, the term "diameter" is the equivalent diameter of a particle which corresponds to the diameter of a sphere which would have the same specific surface area as said particle, the specific surface area being the surface area relative to the volume of the particle considered. For a spherical particle, the equivalent diameter corresponds to the diameter of the sphere. When the particles of magnetic materials are dispersed in the ceramic or glass matrix forming the body of the ceramic product, they advantageously have a diameter greater than 5 μm, greater than 10 μm or greater than 100 μm. The particles of magnetic materials may have a diameter of between 10 and 1000 μm, between 100 and 1000 μm or between 500 and 1000 μm. When the particles of magnetic materials are dispersed in the glass or ceramic matrix of the upper layer, they advantageously have a diameter of less than 5 μm. The particles of magnetic materials may have a diameter of between 1 and 5 μm. According to a particularly advantageous embodiment, the particles of magnetic materials dispersed in the ceramic or glass matrix are preferably pieces of iron such as iron filings. The iron filings come from the mechanical machining of iron objects and comprise iron particles with a diameter of between 10 and 1000 μm. The particles of magnetic materials dispersed in the ceramic or glass matrix may also be larger diameter pieces of iron such as pieces of iron of at least 1 mm3. The ceramic products are preferably tiles comprising a matrix of ceramic. The invention also relates to a coating comprising ceramic products according to the invention, preferably ceramic tiles, juxtaposed and glued. The object attachment can be achieved by the use of at least one permanent magnet. According to this embodiment, at least one permanent magnet is fixed by magnetization to the ceramic product. It is then possible to fix at the level of this permanent magnet a magnetic object. It is also possible to fix non-magnetic objects, for example paper, between the ceramic product and the permanent magnet. According to another embodiment, the object attachment can be obtained by the incorporation of magnetic particles capable of providing the permanent magnet function.
La fonction « aimant permanent » est obtenue par un traitement sous champ magnétique à haute température du produit céramique afin d'orienter magnétiquement les particules magnétiques comprises dans la matrice. L'invention concerne également un kit comprenant au moins un produit céramique selon l'invention et au moins un aimant permanent, de préférence l'aimant permanent est un aimant comprenant un alliage à base de néodyme, de fer et de bore. Les produits céramiques préférés de l'invention comprennent une matrice en céramique dites de bâtiment comprenant notamment la faïence, la terre cuite ou le grès. Ces céramiques sont obtenues à partir de matières premières plastiques et non plastiques, essentiellement d'origine naturelle comme les argiles, feldspaths, kaolins, silice... Les argiles sont principalement formées d'un mélange de silicates, de préférence de phyllosilicates, et de constituants fins tels que de la silice, des minéraux micacés, du calcaire, des composés ferrugineux et des matières organiques. Les silicates sont des minéraux essentiellement formés par des tétraèdres de silicium et d'oxygène (5iO4) additionnés d'aluminium, de magnésium, de fer, de calcium, de potassium, de sodium et d'autres éléments. Les argiles comprennent des silicates d'aluminium tels que la kaolinite, l'illite et la montmorillonite. Les kaolins sont des argiles dites blanches composées principalement de kaolinite soit des silicates d'aluminium. Les feldspaths sont des minéraux à base de silicate double d'aluminium, de potassium, de sodium ou de calcium.The function "permanent magnet" is obtained by a high temperature magnetic field treatment of the ceramic product in order to magnetically orient the magnetic particles included in the matrix. The invention also relates to a kit comprising at least one ceramic product according to the invention and at least one permanent magnet, preferably the permanent magnet is a magnet comprising an alloy based on neodymium, iron and boron. The preferred ceramic products of the invention comprise a so-called ceramic building matrix comprising in particular earthenware, terracotta or sandstone. These ceramics are obtained from plastic and non-plastic raw materials, mainly of natural origin such as clays, feldspars, kaolins, silica ... The clays are mainly formed of a mixture of silicates, preferably of phyllosilicates, and of fine constituents such as silica, micaceous minerals, limestone, ferruginous compounds and organic materials. Silicates are minerals essentially formed by silicon and oxygen tetrahedra (5iO4) supplemented with aluminum, magnesium, iron, calcium, potassium, sodium and other elements. The clays comprise aluminum silicates such as kaolinite, illite and montmorillonite. Kaolins are so-called white clays composed mainly of kaolinite or aluminum silicates. Feldspars are minerals based on double silicate of aluminum, potassium, sodium or calcium.
Les produits en céramique comprenant une matrice en céramique de bâtiment sont généralement formés et portés à maturité par l'action de la chaleur par un procédé de frittage. Ce procédé de fabrication consiste à chauffer une poudre sans la mener jusqu'à la fusion. Sous l'effet de la chaleur, les grains se soudent entre eux, ce qui forme la cohésion du produit céramique. Les produits céramiques comprenant une matrice en verre sont obtenues à partir d'oxydes tels que la silice sous forme de sable, la chaux, l'oxyde de plomb et d'autres composants tels que des carbonates de calcium ou de sodium et du verre cassé (calcin). Les différents composants sont mélangés puis portés en fusion. Les produits céramiques comprenant une matrice en verre de type carreaux sont préférentiellement mis en forme par moulage. Les produits céramiques selon l'invention peuvent comprendre une couche supérieure. Une telle couche supérieure peut également être formée d'une matrice en céramique ou en verre telle qu'une couche d'émail, de glaçure ou engobe (ci-après couche d'émail). Un tel produit céramique correspond selon l'invention à un produit céramique émaillé. Les émaux sont des suspensions contenant des matières vitrifiables finement broyées (parfois appelées flux vitreux) et éventuellement des agents destinés à conférer certaines propriétés optiques ou autres telles que couleur, opacité, réflexion ou diffusion (aspect mat ou brillant). L'émail est destiné à être appliqué en couche sur un support tel qu'un produit céramique, lequel peut être en céramique (cas de la glaçure) ou en verre, par des procédés tels que le « rideau » ou la sérigraphie, puis à être « cuit » afin de former, après évaporation du solvant et fusion des matières vitrifiables, une fine couche vitreuse, à but principalement décoratif.Ceramic products comprising a building ceramic matrix are generally formed and matured by the action of heat by a sintering process. This manufacturing process consists in heating a powder without leading it to fusion. Under the effect of heat, the grains are welded together, which forms the cohesion of the ceramic product. Ceramic products comprising a glass matrix are obtained from oxides such as silica in the form of sand, lime, lead oxide and other components such as calcium or sodium carbonates and broken glass (cullet). The various components are mixed and then melt. Ceramic products comprising a glass matrix of the tile type are preferably shaped by molding. The ceramic products according to the invention may comprise an upper layer. Such an upper layer may also be formed of a ceramic or glass matrix such as a layer of enamel, glaze or engobe (hereinafter enamel layer). Such a ceramic product corresponds according to the invention to an enamelled ceramic product. Enamels are suspensions containing finely ground vitrifiable materials (sometimes called vitreous fluxes) and possibly agents intended to confer certain optical or other properties such as color, opacity, reflection or diffusion (matt or glossy appearance). The enamel is intended to be applied in a layer on a support such as a ceramic product, which may be ceramic (glaze case) or glass, by processes such as "curtain" or screen printing, then to to be "cooked" to form, after evaporation of the solvent and melting vitrifiable materials, a thin vitreous layer, mainly decorative purpose.
L'émaillage des produits céramiques utilisés par exemple comme carrelages, poteries, tuiles, équipements sanitaires ou encore vaisselle a également, outre une fonction de décoration, une fonction d'imperméabilisation et parfois de résistance à divers agents chimiques. Les matières vitrifiables entrant dans la composition de l'émail avant cuisson peuvent être des matières premières naturelles ou artificielles telles que le sable de quartz, les feldspaths, la néphéline, le calcaire ou les frittes de verre. Ces matières premières réagissent entre elles pendant l'étape de cuisson de l'émail pour former un verre. Les frittes de verre entrant dans la composition d'émaux sont finement broyées de manière à pouvoir fondre et napper le produit en céramique.The enamelling of ceramic products used for example as tiles, pottery, tiles, sanitary equipment or dishes has also, in addition to a decorative function, a function of waterproofing and sometimes resistance to various chemical agents. The vitrifiable materials used in the composition of enamel before cooking can be natural or artificial raw materials such as quartz sand, feldspars, nepheline, limestone or glass frits. These raw materials react with each other during the enamel baking step to form a glass. The glass frits used in the composition of enamels are finely ground so as to melt and coat the ceramic product.
Les frittes de verre correspondent donc à des matières vitrifiables sous forme d'une poudre à base d'oxydes. Les frittes de verre peuvent contenir, du silicium, du zinc, du bore, du sodium, de l'aluminium, du calcium, du zirconium, du lithium. Les agents colorants, opacifiants ou matifiants, les particules minérales ou tous autres additifs sont habituellement ajoutés à la fritte broyée au moment de la préparation de l'émail. La couche d'émail comprenant une matrice en céramique ou en verre peut donc être obtenue à partir d'une composition ou pâte d'émail comprenant une fritte de verre, un milieu liant et éventuellement des particules minérales ou des pigments.The glass frits thus correspond to vitrifiable materials in the form of an oxide-based powder. The glass frits may contain silicon, zinc, boron, sodium, aluminum, calcium, zirconium, lithium. Coloring, opacifying or mattifying agents, mineral particles or any other additives are usually added to the milled frit at the time of enamel preparation. The enamel layer comprising a ceramic or glass matrix may therefore be obtained from an enamel composition or paste comprising a glass frit, a binder medium and optionally mineral particles or pigments.
Le milieu liant comprend un liant minéral ou organique. Les liants minéraux peuvent être choisis notamment parmi les silicates de potassium, les silicates de sodium, les silicates de lithium et les phosphates d'aluminium. Les liants organiques peuvent être choisis parmi les polymères de type polyalcool vinylique, les résines thermodurcissables et les acryliques. Le milieu liant peut comprendre en outre des solvants et additifs. Pour obtenir la couche d'émail, on prépare tout d'abord la pâte d'émail par mélange de la fritte de verre par broyage du verre à des granulométries de quelques microns (par exemple D50 = 2 microns), des particules minérales ou agents suivi de l'empâtage de cette composition à l'aide d'un milieu liant. Cette composition sous forme de pâte est appliquée sur le produit céramique puis subit un traitement thermique à une température permettant de cuire la fritte de verre. Les produits céramiques selon l'invention sont obtenus selon des procédés de fabrication comportant au moins une étape de traitement thermique à température élevée, en général au moins supérieure à 1000° C, pour permettre soit le frittage dans le cas d'une matrice en céramique, soit la fusion dans le cas d'une matrice en verre. Lorsque les particules de matériaux magnétiques sont dispersées dans la matrice formant le corps du produit céramique ou dans la matrice de la couche supérieure, il existe un risque qu'une partie desdites propriétés magnétiques soit perdue, par exemple par oxydation, c'est notamment le cas du fer. Avantageusement, les particules de matériaux magnétiques présentent des dimensions suffisantes pour que les propriétés magnétiques ne soient pas ou peu altérées lors du procédé de fabrication du produit céramique et en particulier pendant l'étape de traitement thermique à haute température. La partie non altérée des particules magnétiques, dans le cas du fer non oxydée, permet d'obtenir après traitement thermique un produit céramique magnétique.The binder medium comprises a mineral or organic binder. The inorganic binders may be chosen in particular from potassium silicates, sodium silicates, lithium silicates and aluminum phosphates. The organic binders can be chosen from polyvinyl alcohol type polymers, thermosetting resins and acrylics. The binder medium may further comprise solvents and additives. In order to obtain the enamel layer, the enamel paste is firstly prepared by mixing the glass frit by grinding the glass to particle sizes of a few microns (for example D50 = 2 microns), mineral particles or agents. followed by pasting this composition using a binding medium. This paste composition is applied to the ceramic product and then undergoes a heat treatment at a temperature to cook the glass frit. The ceramic products according to the invention are obtained according to manufacturing processes comprising at least one heat treatment stage at high temperature, generally at least greater than 1000 ° C., to allow either sintering in the case of a ceramic matrix. or fusion in the case of a glass matrix. When the particles of magnetic materials are dispersed in the matrix forming the body of the ceramic product or in the matrix of the upper layer, there is a risk that part of said magnetic properties is lost, for example by oxidation, it is notably the iron case. Advantageously, the particles of magnetic materials have dimensions sufficient for the magnetic properties to be little or no alteration during the manufacturing process of the ceramic product and in particular during the high temperature heat treatment step. The unaltered portion of the magnetic particles, in the case of unoxidized iron, makes it possible to obtain, after heat treatment, a magnetic ceramic product.
Pour minimiser la perte des propriétés magnétiques par oxydation, il également possible d'optimiser d'autres paramètres tels que les quantités initiales de fer ainsi que la température et les temps de traitement.To minimize the loss of magnetic properties by oxidation, it is also possible to optimize other parameters such as the initial amounts of iron as well as the temperature and the treatment times.
Exemples Deux exemples de carreaux en céramique ont été réalisés, le premier avec de la limaille de fer et le second avec des morceaux de fer. Des faïences magnétiques ont été réalisées en incorporant de manière homogène à la main de la limaille de fer présentant un diamètre compris entre 10 et 1000 pm dans de l'argile blanche de poterie. Le mélange ainsi obtenu est ensuite modelé sous forme de carreaux rectangulaires. Les carreaux ainsi fabriqués sont chauffés à 100°C pendant 5 h pour éliminer les traces d'eau puis on augmente la température entre 850 et 1100°C pendant 5 à 8h. Une partie du fer s'est oxydée et a perdu ses propriétés magnétiques. La partie restante rend le produit céramique final magnétique, c'est-à-dire le produit céramique après traitement thermique. Un aimant peut être fixé et retiré de la surface du carrelage ainsi obtenu. Des carreaux en terre cuite ont été réalisé en incorporant de manière homogène à la main des morceaux de fer de quelques mm3 dans de l'argile. Le mélange ainsi obtenu est ensuite modelé sous forme de carreaux rectangulaires. Les carreaux ainsi fabriqués sont chauffés à environ 1200° C. On obtient des carreaux comprenant une matrice en céramique de type terre cuite. Il reste davantage de matériaux magnétiques conférant ainsi une plus grande force d'attraction des aimants. A l'aide d'un aimant à base d'un alliage néodyme/fer/bore, un trousseau de clé d'environ 100 g peut être maintenu pendu au carreau. Les propriétés magnétiques sont conservées à la suite du traitement thermique car une partie des matériaux ferromagnétiques constituant les particules magnétiques n'est pas altérée notamment du fer reste métallique.Examples Two examples of ceramic tiles were made, the first with iron filings and the second with pieces of iron. Magnetic earthenware was made by homogeneously incorporating by hand iron filings having a diameter of between 10 and 1000 μm in white pottery clay. The resulting mixture is then patterned as rectangular tiles. The tiles thus manufactured are heated at 100 ° C for 5 hours to remove traces of water and the temperature is increased between 850 and 1100 ° C for 5 to 8 hours. Some of the iron has oxidized and lost its magnetic properties. The remaining part makes the final magnetic ceramic product, that is to say the ceramic product after heat treatment. A magnet can be attached and removed from the tile surface thus obtained. Terracotta tiles were made by incorporating homogeneous pieces of iron of a few mm3 into clay by hand. The resulting mixture is then patterned as rectangular tiles. The tiles thus produced are heated to about 1200 ° C. Tiles comprising a ceramic matrix of the terracotta type are obtained. More magnetic materials remain, thus conferring a greater attraction force on the magnets. Using a neodymium / iron / boron alloy magnet, a keychain of about 100 g can be kept hanging from the tile. The magnetic properties are retained as a result of the heat treatment because part of the ferromagnetic materials constituting the magnetic particles is not impaired, in particular iron remains metal.
Claims (15)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1262520A FR3000061A1 (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2012-12-21 | Ceramic product such as tile, is useful as flooring for kitchen, comprises matrix of ceramic or glass, in which particles of magnetic material are dispersed, where upper layer of product comprises enamel layer |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1262520A FR3000061A1 (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2012-12-21 | Ceramic product such as tile, is useful as flooring for kitchen, comprises matrix of ceramic or glass, in which particles of magnetic material are dispersed, where upper layer of product comprises enamel layer |
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| FR3000061A1 true FR3000061A1 (en) | 2014-06-27 |
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| FR1262520A Withdrawn FR3000061A1 (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2012-12-21 | Ceramic product such as tile, is useful as flooring for kitchen, comprises matrix of ceramic or glass, in which particles of magnetic material are dispersed, where upper layer of product comprises enamel layer |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP4253349A4 (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2025-01-22 | Coloronda, S.L. | Magnetic cladding for covering structures and magnetic adhesion system |
| EP4382692A4 (en) * | 2021-08-05 | 2025-11-19 | Global Magnetic System S L | Reversible system for installing panels of different types |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20070057548A (en) * | 2005-12-02 | 2007-06-07 | 이연휴 | Iron Inlaid Prince Ceramics Manufacturing Method |
| KR20070101172A (en) * | 2006-04-11 | 2007-10-16 | 윤경훈 | Ceramics using springs and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN102320863A (en) * | 2011-06-01 | 2012-01-18 | 石家庄市原火陶瓷有限责任公司 | Heat-resistant ceramic heating kitchen utensil for microwave oven |
| CN102690103A (en) * | 2012-06-25 | 2012-09-26 | 四川大学 | Iron powder containing ceramic wall tile |
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2012
- 2012-12-21 FR FR1262520A patent/FR3000061A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20070057548A (en) * | 2005-12-02 | 2007-06-07 | 이연휴 | Iron Inlaid Prince Ceramics Manufacturing Method |
| KR20070101172A (en) * | 2006-04-11 | 2007-10-16 | 윤경훈 | Ceramics using springs and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN102320863A (en) * | 2011-06-01 | 2012-01-18 | 石家庄市原火陶瓷有限责任公司 | Heat-resistant ceramic heating kitchen utensil for microwave oven |
| CN102690103A (en) * | 2012-06-25 | 2012-09-26 | 四川大学 | Iron powder containing ceramic wall tile |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP4253349A4 (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2025-01-22 | Coloronda, S.L. | Magnetic cladding for covering structures and magnetic adhesion system |
| EP4382692A4 (en) * | 2021-08-05 | 2025-11-19 | Global Magnetic System S L | Reversible system for installing panels of different types |
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