FR3041711A1 - WIND TOWER - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a system for producing electrical energy from wind energy comprising at least one stage comprising a peripheral wall (900); said peripheral wall (900) delimiting at least a first compartment (100) comprising at least one opening (150) configured to capture a flow of air from the wind, from the outside, and introduce it into the first compartment (100), a second compartment (200) configured to be traversed by said airflow, and for converting the kinetic energy of said airflow into mechanical energy, the system further comprising a configured energy transforming device to transform the mechanical energy of the air flow into electrical energy. The first compartment (100) and the second compartment (200) are separated by a partition wall (300) provided with at least one valve (400) configured to move from an open position to allow passage of the air flow from the first compartment (100) to the second compartment (200) at a closed position to prevent the flow of air from the second compartment (200) to the first compartment (100).

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to the field of devices for converting wind energy into electrical energy, such as wind turbines. A wind turbine is a device that transforms the kinetic energy of the wind into mechanical energy, which is then most often transformed into electrical energy. Wind turbines producing electricity are called wind turbines. These devices make it possible to produce electricity from a renewable energy source (the kinetic energy of the wind), without emission of greenhouse gases.

STATE OF THE ART Wind energy is the kinetic energy of air masses moving around the globe. Wind energy is an indirect form of solar energy: solar radiation absorbed in the atmosphere causes differences in temperature and pressure. As a result, the air masses move and accumulate kinetic energy. This can be transformed and used for several purposes such as, for example, the transformation into mechanical energy and the production of electrical energy. In order to produce electrical energy, the wind turbine is usually coupled to an electric generator to make DC or AC power. Wind energy is a renewable energy that does not directly produce greenhouse gases during the operation phase. The electrical or mechanical energy produced by a wind turbine depends on three main parameters: the shape and length of the blades, the speed of the wind and finally the temperature which influences the density of the air.

Wind turbines typically have a mast that carries a horizontal axis around which wind-blown blades spin.

These wind-like structures have the disadvantage of being relatively expensive, and have a high probability of deterioration, especially in the case of difficult climatic conditions (during high winds, for example). Moreover, the wind turbines of the prior art, generally with poles, are known to be unsightly, difficult to integrate into the environment, banned in urban areas and rejected more and more by local populations.

There is therefore a need to provide a system for generating electrical energy from wind energy which has improved energy efficiency while being robust and inexpensive.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

To achieve this objective, one aspect of the present invention is a system for generating electrical energy from wind energy. The system comprises at least one stage comprising a peripheral wall; said peripheral wall delimiting at least: a first compartment comprising at least one opening configured to capture a flow of air from the wind, coming from outside the system, and introducing it into the first compartment, a second compartment configured to to be traversed by said flow of air introduced into the first compartment, and comprising a first energy transformation device, configured to convert the kinetic energy of said air flow into mechanical energy.

The system further includes a second energy transforming device configured to transform the mechanical energy of the airflow into electrical energy.

Particularly advantageously, the first compartment and the second compartment are separated by a separation wall provided with at least one communication passage and at least one valve configured to pass from an open position to allow the passing the airflow from the first compartment to the second compartment and through said communication passage to a closed position to prevent passage of airflow from the second compartment to the first compartment through said communication passageway Thus, there is produced in the second compartment a compression which acts on the blades of the first energy transformation device. The yield of the latter is therefore improved at equal wind power.

Advantageously, the first compartment captures outside winds and increases their speed by Venturi effect. The second compartment meanwhile directs the flow of air to a control chamber; said chamber being configured to channel said accelerated flow, necessary and sufficient for a wind turbine and its generator.

The system according to the present invention makes it possible to operate a horizontal axis wind turbine with an accelerated flow and oriented vertically. The system according to the present invention has the advantage of circulating the airflow in an optimized manner to generate the operation of the energy transforming device. The energy efficiency of the device according to the present invention is therefore greatly improved by the means used in the present invention, compared to solutions of the prior art whose passage of the air flow is not optimized. In these known solutions, the kinetic energy of the air flow captured by the system is not optimally transformed into electrical energy, large energy losses being observed on known devices. On the other hand, the system according to the present invention has the advantage of requiring few means and therefore of being relatively inexpensive. It is also resistant to external damage and can be used in particularly harsh environments (ie in strong winds) without the risk of deterioration. Advantageously, the system according to the present invention makes it possible to increase the energy efficiency even in the event of very low wind speed (for example, less than 20 km / h). Advantageously, the system according to the present invention can operate even with very low winds thanks in particular to the exploitation of the venturi effect and the superposition of the compartments and stages forming the system.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

The objects, objects, as well as the features and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the detailed description of an embodiment thereof which is illustrated by the following accompanying drawings in which:

FIGURES 1, 2 and 3 respectively illustrate an overall view, a sectional view and an exploded view of an exemplary system for producing electrical energy from wind energy according to the present invention.

The drawings are given by way of examples and are not limiting of the invention. They constitute schematic representations of principle intended to facilitate the understanding of the invention and are not necessarily at the scale of practical applications. In particular, the relative dimensions of the different elements are not representative of reality.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Before entering into detail of preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to the drawings in particular, other optional features of the invention, which can be implemented in combination in any combination or alternatively, are indicated below: the first energy transformation device comprises at least one blade configured to be rotated by said air flow and in which the second compartment comprises a regulation chamber located upstream of said at least one pale, relative to the direction of flow of said airflow in the system. - The control chamber is defined by at least the peripheral wall, the partition wall and said at least one pale. the second energy transformation device is included in said stage. - The at least one valve is configured to return to the closed position by an elastic force. - At least one member cooperates with the valve and preferably a return spring configured to return the at least one valve to the closed position. Preferably, the at least one member is chosen from an elastic member, a return spring, a ballast, a regulation valve, a non-return valve, a backflow valve. Alternatively, the valve is configured to deform and come back. elastically in the closed position. - The at least one valve is rotatably mounted about a horizontal axis. the partition wall extends in a horizontal plane. the system comprises a safety device disposed on the peripheral wall and configured to allow an outlet of the air flow from the second compartment to the outside when the speed of said flow exerted on said safety device is greater than a threshold value of predetermined security. The predetermined safety threshold value is for example of the order of 90 km / h; this speed is the generally accepted tolerance threshold for light wind turbines. the safety device comprises at least one safety passage and a flap, rotatably mounted along a horizontal axis, and equipped with a return means configured to maintain said flap in the closed position until the safety threshold value predetermined, in which the flap obstructs said safety passage when in the closed position and in which it allows the passage of at least a portion of said air flow when in an open position, it is that is, when it is remote from said security passage. the safety device comprises at least one outlet passage and a flap, rotatably mounted along a horizontal axis, and equipped with a return means configured to maintain said flap in the closed position until the safety threshold value is reached; predetermined, in which the flap obstructs said outlet passage when in the closed position and in which it allows the passage of at least a portion of said air flow when in an open position, it is that is, when it is remote from said security passage. the return means is chosen from a spring or a mass. the first energy transformation device comprises at least one blade configured to be rotated by said air flow; the at least one safety passage being positioned upstream of the at least one pale. the first energy transformation device comprises at least one blade configured to be rotated by said air flow; the at least one outlet passage being positioned downstream of the at least one pale. the system comprises a safety device comprising at least one safety passage, in which the first energy transformation device comprises at least one blade and in which the second compartment is closed except for the at least one valve , a passage section through the at least one pale and the safety passage. the system comprises a filtering device arranged at the level of the peripheral wall and configured to filter the flow of air when it is introduced into the first compartment through the said at least one opening. - The filtering device is selected from a grid, a net, a mesh. - The first energy transformation device comprises at least one pale mounted in rotation about a vertical axis. the at least one opening of the first compartment has an input section S1 and the at least one communication passage has an output section S2; the inlet section S1 being greater than the outlet section S2 so as to create a venturi effect. The inlet section S1 of the at least one opening of the first compartment and the output section S2 of the communication passage are such that S2 <S1, and S1 x v1 = S2 x v2 (where v1, v2 represent the speeds of the airflow respectively at the inlet section S1 and the outlet section S2). The velocity v2 at the output section S2 is advantageously greater than the velocity v1 at the input section S1. the second energy transformation device comprises a generator configured so that the first energy transformation device, set in motion by the flow of air passing through the regulation chamber, actuates said generator. - The system comprises a supporting structure integral with the peripheral wall; the peripheral wall is circular in a horizontal section and the supporting structure extends mainly vertically in the center of the peripheral wall. the supporting structure is formed of a composite material. the system comprises a height dimension preferably between 1 and 20 meters and a width dimension preferably between 0.5 meters and 10 meters. - The system comprises a plurality of vertically superimposed stages.

FIG. 1 illustrates an overall view, FIG. 2 illustrates a sectional view, and FIG. 3 illustrates an exploded view of a system for producing electrical energy from the wind energy according to the present invention. . In Figures 2 and 3, the arrows indicate the flow direction of the air flow inside the system. The system according to the present invention can be attached to the following denominations such as: "wind tower", "superposition of wind turbines", or "wind tower comprising the superposition of wind turbines".

According to one embodiment, the system according to the present invention is in a generally cylindrical form, for example in the form of a column, comprising a circular section. According to another embodiment, the system has a hexagonal section. The system preferably comprises a height dimension, extending along a vertical axis, preferably between 1 and 20 meters and a dimension of width, extending along a horizontal axis, between 0.5 and 10 meters.

The system advantageously comprises at least one stage 1a, 1b. According to the illustrated embodiment, the system comprises a plurality of stages 1a, 1b. Advantageously, each of the stages: a first stage 1a, and a second stage 1b is interdependent. The stages 1a, 1b are preferably positioned in vertical superposition. The stages 1a, 1b are configured so as to capture different wind speeds and thus operate at appropriate powers.

Each stage 1a, 1b comprises a peripheral wall 900 intended to form an envelope adapted to capture and contain a flow of air from the wind. The peripheral wall 900 delimits at least a first compartment 100 and a second compartment 200.

The first compartment 100 comprises at least one opening 150 configured to capture a flow of air from the wind from outside, and introduce it into said first compartment 100. The opening 150 is preferably formed through the peripheral wall 900. The opening 150 has a length dimension, extending along a vertical axis, preferably greater than 10 cm. The opening 150 has a width dimension, extending along a horizontal axis, preferably greater than 10 cm. Advantageously, the first compartment 100 comprises a plurality of openings 150 arranged so as to catch wind from different directions.

The first compartment 100 and the second compartment 200 are advantageously separated by a partition wall 300; said wall being provided with at least one communication passage and at least one valve 400. The air flow thus passes from the first compartment 100 to the second compartment 200 via the communication passage having an output section S2 120.

Thus, the flow of air enters the system through the at least one opening 150 through the inlet section S1 110, passes through the first compartment 100 before exiting through the outlet section S2 120 of the passage of communication, in order to enter the second compartment 200. Due to the particular configuration of the first compartment 100 and in particular by the input sections S1 110 and output S2 120 whose dimensions are predetermined, the air flow having passed through the first compartment compartment 100 undergoes, by a venturi effect, an increase in its speed before entering the second compartment 200.

By Venturi effect is meant the formation of a vacuum in an area where the fluid particles are accelerated. From the flow retention, S1 x v1 = S2 x v2 (where S1, S2 represent input / output sections and v1, v2 represent input / output speeds). The wind power in Watt can be expressed according to the following equation: P = 0.5 x S x v2 x 1.2. According to one example, by neutralizing the factors 0.5 and 1.2 which are constants, and considering the section S = 1 m2 and the speed v = 4 m.s'1, one obtains: - effect without venturi: P = 1 x 42 = 16 W, - effect with venturi 50%: P = 0.5 x 82 = 32 W, - effect with venturi 25%: P = 0.25 x 162 = 64 W.

Particularly advantageously, the inlet section S1 110 of the air flow is greater than the outlet section S2 120 of the communication passage so as to create a venturi effect. The input section S1 110 of the at least one opening 150 of the first compartment 100 and the output section S2 120 of the communication passage are such that S2 <S1, and S1 x v1 = S2 x v2 (where v1, v2 represent the velocities of the airflow respectively at the inlet section S1 and the outlet section S2). The velocity v2 at the output section S2 is advantageously greater than the velocity v1 at the input section S1. Advantageously, according to the operation of the speed accelerated by Venturi effect, there is a ratio v2 / v1 greater than or equal to 1. The operation of the Venturi effect, as provided by the invention, makes it possible to operate a wind turbine. winds whose power is lower than the starting speed of unducted wind turbines. Advantageously, by increasing the speed, it is possible to reduce the diameter of the blades, increase the speed (in revolutions per minute) of the blades, and thus reduce the energy consumption and the wear of the gears.

Wind turbines can only operate normally in a wind speed range of 15 km / h to 90 km / h. The compartments 100, 200 with safety valve 400 and safety device 701, 702 receiving the accelerated flows by the Venturi effect have the function of remaining within these wind limits and thus optimizing the efficiency of the system to produce energy. in accordance with the present invention.

According to a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of the invention, the partition wall 300 extends in a horizontal plane. Advantageously, the at least one valve 400 is configured to move from an open position to allow the passage of air flow from the first compartment 100 to the second compartment 200, to a closed position to prevent the passage the air flow from the second compartment 200 to the first compartment 100. Advantageously, said valve 400, preferably anti-return (or backflow), is configured to oppose the passage of the air flow of the second compartment 200 to the first compartment 100. The at least one valve 400 advantageously returns to the closed position by an elastic force. According to one embodiment, the at least one valve 400 cooperates with a return spring. Advantageously, the return spring is configured to return the at least one valve to said closed position. The at least one valve 400 is preferably mounted along a horizontal axis.

The second compartment 200, meanwhile, is configured to be traversed by said air flow and to convert the kinetic energy of said flow into mechanical energy. To do this, the system comprises a first energy transformation device configured to transform the mechanical energy of the air flow into electrical energy. According to one embodiment, the first energy transformation device comprises at least one light 600, preferably a wind turbine light, configured to be rotated by the air flow captured by the system. Preferably, the at least one pale 600 rotates about a vertical axis.

Advantageously, the second compartment comprises a regulation chamber 500 located upstream of said at least one light bulb 600. The control chamber 500 is configured so as to direct the flow of air towards the at least one light 600 so as to increase the action of said flow on the at least one light 600. Preferably, the control chamber 500 is defined by at least the peripheral wall 900, the partition wall 300 and said at least one light 600.

The second compartment 200 is preferably closed except for the at least one valve 400, a passage section through the at least one light 600 and the safety device 700.

Particularly advantageously, the separation of the first compartment 100 and the second compartment 200 by a partition wall 300 provided with at least one nonreturn valve 400 allows the venturi effect to be fully expressed in the control chamber 500. In addition, the control chamber 500 allows a setting up of the more effective venturi effect. Advantageously, the control chamber 500, according to the present invention, is to be compared to the desired effects of a penstock (water retention effect of electric power production). Advantageously, the regulation chamber 500 improves the energy efficiency provided by the system and also allows regulation for the management of electric currents. The regulation of the electric currents is done by control systems managed by the electronics. The variable electrical output according to the wind speed is limited in a range of wind speeds between 15 km / h and 90 km / h.

In a particularly advantageous manner, the regulation chamber 500 allows exploitation by the implementation of the venturi effect between the natural external wind speed and the obtaining of a higher mechanical speed, oriented inside, in a ratio greater than or equal to 1. This provision makes it possible to start a wind turbine with outside winds lower than those usually and mandatory required (15 to 20 km / h). Advantageously, the control chamber 500 will channel and thus allow to avoid losses of speed accelerated flows by the venturi effect with external winds of lesser flux. The regulation chamber 500 advantageously prevents the disorders between the different speed flows and allow maximum exploitation of the higher speed flows obtained with respect to the existing flows outside the fairing. The fairing allows to isolate and exploit a flow superior to the natural outside wind. In a particularly advantageous manner, this search for acceleration of the flow does not increase the power in Watt (W) generated, but increases the operating time of the wind turbine / generator, by exploiting winds below the starting threshold of the wind turbines. traditional pale (15 to 20 km / h). Low to very low winds predominate. Thus, the system according to the present invention makes it possible to generate 100 W for 12 hours instead of 300 W for 3 hours, which tends to favor the option of generating a necessary and sufficient production for domestic purposes.

Preferably, the system comprises a second energy transforming device configured to transform the mechanical energy of the airflow into electrical energy. The second energy transformation device comprises a generator 650 configured so that the at least one light 600, set in motion by the flow of air passing through the regulation chamber 500, actuates said generator 650. Moreover, the ratio of sections S1 / S2 110/120 makes it possible to create an overpressure in the regulation chamber 500 located upstream and in contact with the at least one light 600, which favors the rotational drive of the at least one light 600. From a given wind power, the invention makes it possible to recover more mechanical energy and thus ultimately more electrical energy at the output of the second energy transformation device. Thus, the fact of providing a regulation chamber 500 increases the energy efficiency through the venturi effect.

According to a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of the invention, the system comprises a safety device disposed on the peripheral wall 900. Advantageously, the safety device is configured to allow an outlet of the air flow from the second compartment 200 to outside, when the speed of said flow exerted on said safety device is greater than a predetermined threshold value. The predetermined safety threshold value is for example of the order of 90 km / h; this speed being the generally accepted tolerance threshold for wind turbines. The predetermined threshold value is advantageously limited by the return spring or the weights arranged on the valve 400 or the safety device 700, for a maximum flow speed of 90 km / h. Preferably, the safety device comprises at least one safety passage and a flap 701 rotatably mounted along a horizontal axis. Advantageously, the shutter 701 obstructs said safety passage when it is in the closed position and allows the passage of at least a portion of said airflow when it is in the open position, that is to say when is remote from said security passage. Preferably, the at least one flap 701 is equipped with a return member 705 configured to maintain said shutter 701 in the closed position until the predetermined threshold value is reached. According to embodiments, the return member 705 may be selected from a spring or a mass.

Advantageously, the safety device comprises at least one outlet passage and a flap 702, rotatably mounted along a horizontal axis, and equipped with a return member 705 configured to hold said shutter 702 in the closed position until the predetermined threshold value is reached, in which the flap 702 obstructs said outlet passage when it is in the closed position and in which it allows the passage of at least a portion of said air flow when it is in an open position, that is to say when it is away from said security passage.

According to a preferred embodiment, the safety passage is positioned upstream of the at least one light 600 and the output passage is positioned downstream of the at least one light 600.

The safety device 700 is designed to prevent any excess pressure of said air flow in the system which may be harmful, in particular to said at least one light 600. The safety device 700 preferably comprises at least one hinged flap 701, 702, opening to the outside. The at least one flap 701, 702 is preferably calibrated by any known return member 705 such as a mass as well as a spring.

Particularly advantageously, the safety device allows the wind, surplus in the system, to be evacuated. Moreover, the safety device 700 also makes it possible to protect the external environment from any loss of mechanical elements that may come from said system.

According to a preferred embodiment, the at least one opening 150 of the first compartment 100 is provided with a filtering device 800. The filtering device 800 is configured to filter the flow of air when it is introduced into the first compartment. 100. The filtering device 800 is preferably selected from a grid, a net, a mesh; for example, the materials used for devices intended to be used in seawater and thus able to withstand the most severe erosions. In a particularly advantageous manner, the filtering device 800 makes it possible to avoid the introduction of projectiles from outside borne by the wind, and which may be at the origin of significant damage at the level of the energy transformation device and in particular at the level of the energy transformation device. at least one wind turbine blade 600.

The system comprises a carrier structure 1000, intended to support in particular the safety device, a part of the first energy transformation device (especially the at least one light 600), and possibly a part of the second transformation device of energy as well as the filtering device 800 forming the system; said structure 1000 being secured to the peripheral wall 900. By way of example, the peripheral wall 900 is circular in a horizontal section and the carrying structure 1000 extends mainly vertically in the center of the peripheral wall 900. According to another example, the peripheral wall 900 is in the form of a regular or irregular polygon. Thus, this form makes it possible to favor a greater surface in front of prevailing winds. In this example, the segments of the polygon could be chosen not equal as in a regular polygon. According to a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of the invention, the carrier structure 1000 is formed of a composite material. According to other embodiments, the carrier structure 1000 may be wholly or partly made of any suitable materials such as metal, plastic or concrete. Preferably, the carrier structure 1000 comprises non-ferrous materials, lighter, more resistant to corrosion, easier to use during maintenance and easier to implement by using manufacturing techniques such as molding, injection or other processes with materials derived from petrochemistry. The use of these techniques makes it possible to manufacture at a lower cost.

Advantageously, the peripheral wall 900 and the support structure 1000 are configured so as to externalise the mechanical stresses by providing strength and resistance to strong winds in comparison with existing solutions comprising a mast; the fragility of said masts requiring reinforcements and other relatively expensive foundations.

The present invention is not limited to the previously described embodiments but extends to any embodiment within the scope of the claims. In particular, the system can advantageously be adapted in size to the operating site, depending on the strength of the wind and the needs of the user. The separation between the first compartment 100 for capturing an air flow and the second compartment 200 for transforming the kinetic energy of the air flow into mechanical energy, then into electrical energy, as well as the regulation chamber 500 and the security device allow a large number of combinations. The compartments 100, 200 and stages can be of different volumes to allow different powers. The superposition of several stages 1a, 1b can be adapted according to the sites and to a maximum of needs.

Particularly advantageously, the at least one valve 400 and the safety device 700 are provided with flaps 701, 702 and return member 705 so as to form safety or non-return valves. These valves 400, 700 advantageously have a dual function. In the open position, they allow a necessary and sufficient air inlet for optimized operation of the system to produce electricity according to the present invention. In the closed position, they separate the outside air flow from the accelerated indoor air flow by the venturi effect, thus optimizing energy efficiency.

In a particularly advantageous manner, the combination of different compartments 100, 200 and the superposition of several stages 1a, 1b make it possible to satisfy many needs. In particular, the first compartment 100 is intended to capture a flow of air from the outside wind, to direct and accelerate said flow by venturi effect. The partition wall 300 ensures the passage of the flow to the second compartment 200. The at least one anti-backflow valve 400, preferably positioned on the partition wall 300, provides isolation with the external flow of lower speed. The second compartment 200, comprising the at least one wind turbine blade 600 and preferably the generator 650, advantageously makes it possible to store the accelerated flow coming from the first compartment 100. The second compartment 200 is advantageously provided with safety valves 701, 702 providing a necessary and sufficient flow speed on the at least one pale 600 wind turbine. The anti-backflow valves ensure the evacuation of the flows used towards the outside.

Claims (24)

A system for producing electrical energy from wind energy characterized in that it comprises at least one stage comprising a peripheral wall (900); said peripheral wall (900) delimiting at least: - a first compartment (100) comprising at least one opening (150) configured to capture a flow of air from the wind, coming from outside the system, and introduce it in the first compartment (100), - a second compartment (200) configured to be traversed by said airflow introduced into the first compartment (100), and comprising a first energy transformation device, configured to transform the kinetic energy of said airflow to mechanical energy, the system further comprising a second energy transforming device configured to transform the mechanical energy of the airflow into electrical energy; and wherein the first compartment (100) and the second compartment (200) are separated by a partition wall (300) provided with at least one communication passage and at least one valve (400) configured to pass an open position to allow passage of airflow from the first compartment (100) to the second compartment (200) and through said communication passage to a closed position to prevent passage of the flow of air air from the second compartment (200) to the first compartment (100) through said communication passage. 2. System according to the preceding claim wherein the first energy transformation device comprises at least one blade (600) configured to be rotated by said air flow and wherein the second compartment (200) comprises a chamber of control (500) located upstream of said at least one light (600), with respect to the direction of flow of said airflow in the system. 3. System according to the preceding claim wherein the control chamber (500) is defined by at least the peripheral wall (900), the partition wall (300) and said at least one blade (600). 4. System according to the preceding claim wherein the second energy transforming device is included in said stage. 5. System according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the at least one valve (400) is configured to return to the closed position by an elastic force. 6. System according to the preceding claim comprising at least one return member (705) cooperating with the valve (400), configured to return the at least one valve (400) to the closed position. 7. System according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the at least one valve (400) is rotatably mounted about a horizontal axis. 8. System according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the partition wall (300) extends in a horizontal plane. 9. System according to any one of the preceding claims comprising a safety device disposed on the peripheral wall (900) and configured to allow an outlet of the air flow from the second compartment (200) outwards when the speed of said flow exerted on said safety device is greater than a predetermined safe threshold value. 10. System according to the preceding claim wherein the safety device comprises at least one safety passage and a flap (701), rotatably mounted along a horizontal axis, and equipped with a return member (705) configured to maintain said shutter (701) in the closed position until the predetermined safe threshold value is reached, in which the flap (701) obstructs said safety passage when it is in the closed position and in which it allows the passage of a at least part of said airflow when in an open position, i.e. when remote from said safety passage (701). 11. System according to any one of the two preceding claims wherein the safety device comprises at least one outlet passage and a flap (702) rotatably mounted along a horizontal axis and equipped with a return member (705). ) configured to maintain said flap (702) in the closed position until the predetermined safe threshold value is reached, wherein the flap (702) obstructs said outlet passage when in the closed position and in which it allows the passage of at least a portion of said air flow when in an open position, that is to say when it is removed from said safety passage. 12. System according to any one of the two preceding claims wherein the return member (705) is selected from a spring or a mass. The system of claim 10 wherein the first energy transforming device comprises at least one light (600) configured to be rotated by said airflow; the at least one safety passage (701) being positioned upstream of the at least one blade (600). The system of claim 11 wherein the first energy transforming device comprises at least one light (600) configured to be rotated by said airflow; the at least one outlet passage (702) being positioned downstream of the at least one blade (600). System according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a safety device comprising at least one safety passage (701), in which the first energy transformation device comprises at least one light (600) and in which the second compartment (200) is closed except for the at least one valve (400), a passage section through the at least one blade (600) and the safety passage (701). 16. System according to any one of the preceding claims comprising a filtering device (800) disposed at the peripheral wall (900) and configured to filter the flow of air when it is introduced into the first compartment (100) to through said at least one opening (150). 17. System according to the preceding claim wherein the filtering device (800) is selected from a grid, a net, a mesh. 18. System according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the first energy transforming device comprises at least one blade (600) rotatably mounted about a vertical axis. A system according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the at least one opening (150) of the first compartment (100) has an inlet section S1 (110) and the at least one communication passage has a section S2 output (120); the inlet section S1 (110) being greater than the outlet section S2 (120) so as to create a venturi effect. The system of claim 2 wherein the second energy transforming device comprises a generator (650) configured so that the first energy transforming device is moved by the airflow passing through the chamber. control unit (500), actuates said generator (650). 21. System according to any one of the preceding claims comprising a carrier structure (1000) integral with the peripheral wall (900); the peripheral wall (900) is circular in a horizontal section and the supporting structure (1000) extends mainly vertically in the center of the peripheral wall (900). 22. System according to the preceding claim wherein the carrier structure (1000) is formed of a composite material. 23. System according to any one of the preceding claims comprising a height dimension of between 1 and 20 meters and a dimension of width of between 0.5 meters and 10 meters. 24. System according to one of the preceding claims comprising a plurality of vertically superimposed stages.