FR2628967A1 - Total hip prosthesis with curved femoral rod - formed with fin on its convex side engaged in groove in medullar canal near greater trochanter - Google Patents
Total hip prosthesis with curved femoral rod - formed with fin on its convex side engaged in groove in medullar canal near greater trochanter Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR2628967A1 FR2628967A1 FR8804466A FR8804466A FR2628967A1 FR 2628967 A1 FR2628967 A1 FR 2628967A1 FR 8804466 A FR8804466 A FR 8804466A FR 8804466 A FR8804466 A FR 8804466A FR 2628967 A1 FR2628967 A1 FR 2628967A1
- Authority
- FR
- France
- Prior art keywords
- prosthesis according
- base
- femoral
- acetabular
- rod
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 210000000527 greater trochanter Anatomy 0.000 title claims description 4
- 210000000689 upper leg Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 210000000588 acetabulum Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 210000001624 hip Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001347 Stellite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- AHICWQREWHDHHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium;cobalt;iron;manganese;methane;molybdenum;nickel;silicon;tungsten Chemical compound C.[Si].[Cr].[Mn].[Fe].[Co].[Ni].[Mo].[W] AHICWQREWHDHHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003275 diaphysis Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000002436 femur neck Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004394 hip joint Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011477 surgical intervention Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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- A61F2/3609—Femoral heads or necks; Connections of endoprosthetic heads or necks to endoprosthetic femoral shafts
- A61F2002/3625—Necks
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
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- A61F2220/00—Fixations or connections for prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2220/0025—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
- A61F2220/0033—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements made by longitudinally pushing a protrusion into a complementary-shaped recess, e.g. held by friction fit
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- A61F2230/00—Geometry of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
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- A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
- A61F2310/00005—The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
- A61F2310/00011—Metals or alloys
- A61F2310/00017—Iron- or Fe-based alloys, e.g. stainless steel
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
- A61F2310/00005—The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
- A61F2310/00011—Metals or alloys
- A61F2310/00023—Titanium or titanium-based alloys, e.g. Ti-Ni alloys
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
- A61F2310/00005—The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
- A61F2310/00179—Ceramics or ceramic-like structures
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
- A61F2310/00389—The prosthesis being coated or covered with a particular material
- A61F2310/00592—Coating or prosthesis-covering structure made of ceramics or of ceramic-like compounds
- A61F2310/00598—Coating or prosthesis-covering structure made of compounds based on metal oxides or hydroxides
- A61F2310/00604—Coating made of aluminium oxide or hydroxides
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Transplantation (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Prostheses (AREA)
Abstract
Description
PROTHESE TOTALE DE LA HANCHE
La présente Invention concerne une prothèse totale de la hanche.TOTAL HIP PROSTHESIS
The present invention relates to a total hip prosthesis.
du type comportant deux éléments, un élément fémoral comprenant une tête sphérique destinée à remplacer la tête du fémur et portée par une embase solidaire d'une tige destinée à être engagée et fixée dans le canal médullaire du fémur réséqué du patient, et un élément cotylotdien destiné à être fixé dans le cavité cotyloidienne de la hanche de ce patient et présentant une cavité sensiblement hémisphérique destinée à recevoir la tête sphérique de l'élément fémoral pour lui servir de palier sphérique.of the type comprising two elements, a femoral element comprising a spherical head intended to replace the head of the femur and carried by a base secured to a rod intended to be engaged and fixed in the medullary canal of the resected femur of the patient, and an acetabular element intended to be fixed in the acetabular cavity of the hip of this patient and having a substantially hemispherical cavity intended to receive the spherical head of the femoral element to serve as a spherical bearing.
Ces prothèses sont utilisées pour restaurer les articulations de la hanche dans lesquelles la tête du fémur et la cavité cotyloîdienne sont détériorées. These prostheses are used to restore the hip joints in which the head of the femur and the acetabulum are damaged.
Compte tenu des importantes contraintes mécaniques auxquelles elles sont soumises, ces prothèses sont généralement réalisées en un matériau non seulement biocompatible, mais devant auSsi présenter des propriétés de haute résistance mécanique. Les matériaux couramment utilisés et convenant parfaitement à cet usage sont l'acier inoxydable ou le titane. Given the significant mechanical stresses to which they are subjected, these prostheses are generally made of a material which is not only biocompatible, but which must also have properties of high mechanical resistance. The materials commonly used and suitable for this purpose are stainless steel or titanium.
Dans les prothèses connues de ce type, la tige de l'élément fémoral est agencée pour être fixée au fémur par scellement, vissage ou coincement élastique. Le mauvais vieillissement du ciment entraîne malheureusement des descellements prématurés des tiges qui imposent une nouvelle intervention chirurgicale. Les tiges vissables sont généralement munies d'un filetage conique qui nécessite, de la part du chirurgien, une manoeure délicate devant aboutir à une bonne fixation de l'élément fémoral sans risquer toutefois l'éclatement de la diaphyse du fémur. La fixation par coincement élastique présente, quant à elle, l'inconvénient de ne pas toujours assurer une immobilité suffisante de la tête fémorale. In known prostheses of this type, the stem of the femoral element is arranged to be fixed to the femur by sealing, screwing or elastic wedging. The poor aging of the cement unfortunately leads to premature loosening of the rods which requires a new surgical intervention. The screwable rods are generally provided with a conical thread which requires, on the part of the surgeon, a delicate maneuver which must lead to a good fixation of the femoral element without however risking the bursting of the diaphysis of the femur. Fixing by elastic wedging has the drawback of not always ensuring sufficient immobility of the femoral head.
La présente invention vise à remédier à tous ces inconvénients. A cet effet, dans la prothèse qu'elle concerne, la tige de l'élément fémoral présente trois parties, une partie inférieure tronconique dont les dimensions sont adaptées à celles de la partie du canal médullaire dans laquelle elle est destinée à être engagée. une partie supérieure incurvée reliant la partie inférieure tronconique à l'embase qui supporte la tête sphérique avec ménagement d'un débordement de l'embase au moins dans le secteur correspondant au segment concave de la partie supérieure incurvée. cette partie supérieure présentant une section transversale sensiblement rectangulaire aplatie dont le plan médian est confondu avec celui contenant la génératrice la plus concave et celle la plus convexe de cette partie, et enfin, le long des génératrices les plus convexes de cette partie supérieure, une partie en forme d'aileron destinée à être engagée dans une gorge de section complémentaire ménagée dans la paroi du canal médullaire, du côté du grand trochanter. The present invention aims to remedy all these drawbacks. To this end, in the prosthesis that it concerns, the stem of the femoral element has three parts, a frustoconical lower part whose dimensions are adapted to those of the part of the medullary canal in which it is intended to be engaged. a curved upper part connecting the frustoconical lower part to the base which supports the spherical head with an overflow from the base at least in the sector corresponding to the concave segment of the curved upper part. this upper part having a substantially rectangular flattened cross section whose median plane is coincident with that containing the most concave and most convex generatrix of this part, and finally, along the most convex generatrices of this upper part, a part fin-shaped intended to be engaged in a groove of complementary section formed in the wall of the medullary canal, on the side of the greater trochanter.
Cette tige présente donc l'avantage de procurer non seulement une excellente immobilisation en rotation de l'élément fémoral, mais aussi une excellente répartition des points d'appui qui sont disposés en trois zones distinctes, une première constituée par l'appui du débordement de l'embase sur l'extrémité réséquée du fémur, une seconde constituée par l'appui des génératrices concaves de la partie supérieure incurvée de la tige sur l'éperon
Merckel, et la troisième constituée par l'appui de l'aileron contre le fond de la gorge lui servant de logement.This rod therefore has the advantage of providing not only an excellent immobilization in rotation of the femoral element, but also an excellent distribution of the support points which are arranged in three distinct zones, a first formed by the support of the overflow of the base on the resected end of the femur, a second formed by the support of the concave generatrices of the curved upper part of the stem on the spur
Merckel, and the third formed by the support of the fin against the back of the throat serving as its housing.
II faut aussi noter que la section transversale aplatie de la partie supérieure de la tige crée, en avant et en arrière de la métaphyse, dans sa partie trochantérienne mais aussi au niveau de la métaphyse sous-jacente, des zones libres dans lesquelles l'os peut se développer et améliorer. par néo-formation osseuse, la fixation de l'élément fémoral. It should also be noted that the flattened cross section of the upper part of the rod creates, in front of and behind the metaphysis, in its trochanteric part but also at the level of the underlying metaphysis, free zones in which the bone can grow and improve. by neo-bone formation, the fixation of the femoral element.
Pour améliorer encore la fixation de l'élément fémoral, suivant une autre caractéristique de l'invention, la partie inférieure tronconique et, éventuellement, au moins partiellement, la partie supérieure incurvée de la tige de l'élément fémoral sont munies de stries transversales annulaires ou hélicoldales. To further improve the fixation of the femoral element, according to another characteristic of the invention, the frustoconical lower part and, possibly, at least partially, the upper curved part of the stem of the femoral element are provided with annular transverse ridges. or helical.
Suivant encore une autre caractéristique de l'invention visant à améliorer encore sa tenue dans le canal médullaire, la tige fémorale est recouverte par un revêtement de céramique d'alumine qui présente l'avantage d'assurer une très bonne protection du matériau constitutif, acier inoxydable ou titane, notamment aux fonds des sillons formés par les stries transversales annulaires ou spiroïdales qui sont des zones propices à la corrosion. According to yet another characteristic of the invention aimed at further improving its resistance in the medullary canal, the femoral stem is covered by a coating of alumina ceramic which has the advantage of ensuring very good protection of the constituent material, steel stainless or titanium, in particular at the bottom of the grooves formed by the annular or spiroidal transverse ridges which are areas prone to corrosion.
II résulte aussi de la présence de ce revêtement un effet de buvard attirant d'emblée, au contact intime de la tige fémorale, les cellules vectrices de néo-formation osseuse. En outre, la micro-porosité de ce revêtement favorise la fixation mécanique de la tige fémorale et surtout la connexion intime de l'os dans les micro-cavités intergranulaires de la céramique d'alumine. It also results from the presence of this coating a blotting effect immediately attracting, in intimate contact with the femoral stem, the vector cells of bone neo-formation. In addition, the micro-porosity of this coating promotes the mechanical fixation of the femoral stem and especially the intimate connection of the bone in the intergranular micro-cavities of the alumina ceramic.
Il faut aussi noter que la céramique d'alumine présente une neutralité physico-chimique propre à éviter le développement d'une interface inerte entre l'os et le matériel prothétique d'ou il résulte un sertissage naturel étroit réalisé par l'os néo-formé garantissant à long terme l'intimité de la jonction entre l'os et la tige fémorale. It should also be noted that the alumina ceramic has a physicochemical neutrality capable of preventing the development of an inert interface between the bone and the prosthetic material from which it results in a narrow natural crimping produced by the neo-bone. formed guaranteeing the intimacy of the junction between the bone and the femoral stem in the long term.
Pour faciliter l'adoption d'un positionnement angulaire correct de l'élément fémoral en fonction de l'antéversion désirée, suivant une caractéristique avantageuse de l'invention, son embase présente un périmètre polygonal, de préférence hexagonal, permettant son entraînement en déplacement angulaire à l'aide d'un outil approprié tel qu'un outil à six pans creux. To facilitate the adoption of a correct angular positioning of the femoral element according to the desired anteversion, according to an advantageous characteristic of the invention, its base has a polygonal perimeter, preferably hexagonal, allowing its drive in angular displacement using a suitable tool such as a hexagon socket tool.
Les dimensions du col du fémur varient en fonction de la morphologie des individus et chaque prothèse mise en place doit évidemment respecter les dimensions du col qu'elle remplace. Cette exigence amène les centres chirurgicaux à posséder des stocks importants qui leur coûtent très cher. Pour remédier à cet inconvénient, selon encore une autre caractéristique de l'invention, la tête sphérique est fixée à l'élément fémoral par coincement conique entre un doigt tronconique solidaire de la tête sphérique ou de l'embase et un logement de forme complémentaire ménagé dans l'embase ou dans la tête. The dimensions of the neck of the femur vary according to the morphology of the individuals and each prosthesis put in place must obviously respect the dimensions of the neck that it replaces. This requirement leads the surgical centers to have large stocks which are very expensive for them. To overcome this drawback, according to yet another characteristic of the invention, the spherical head is fixed to the femoral element by conical wedging between a frustoconical finger secured to the spherical head or the base and a housing of complementary shape formed in the base or in the head.
De préférence, le doigt tronconique est solidaire de l'embase et sa longueur est déterminée par celle du col à remplacer. Preferably, the frustoconical finger is integral with the base and its length is determined by that of the neck to be replaced.
Ainsi, il suffit aux centres chirurgicaux de disposer d'une gamme d'éléments fémoraux possédant des dimensions différentes de doigts et de tiges et une série de têtes sphériques de même dimension, adaptables à tous les doigts des éléments fémoraux, quelles qu'en soient les dimensions. Thus, it is sufficient for surgical centers to have a range of femoral elements having different dimensions of fingers and rods and a series of spherical heads of the same dimension, adaptable to all the fingers of the femoral elements, whatever they may be. the dimensions.
Dans ce cas, la tête sphérique de l'élément fémoral est avantageusement en stellite ou en céramique. In this case, the spherical head of the femoral element is advantageously made of stellite or ceramic.
Suivant une autre caractéristique avantageuse de l'invention,
L'élément cotyloldien présente, extérieurement, un profil tronconique dans lequel est ménagé un filetage conique permettant sa fixation par vissage dans le cotyle, sa grande base entourant l'ouverture de la cavité hémisphérique qu'elle comporte.According to another advantageous characteristic of the invention,
The acetabular element presents, externally, a frustoconical profile in which is formed a conical thread allowing its fixing by screwing in the acetabulum, its large base surrounding the opening of the hemispherical cavity which it comprises.
La forme tronconique de cet élément cotylotdien permet une répartition homogène des contraintes dans le cotyle et spécialement selon les trois branches anatomiques de l'Y cotyloldien en permettant une introduction facile de cet élément, selon l'orientation choisie au préalable, sans risque de capotage, et un blocage progressif non limité au dernier tour de vissage. The frustoconical shape of this acetabulum element allows a homogeneous distribution of the stresses in the acetabulum and especially according to the three anatomical branches of the acetabulum Y by allowing an easy introduction of this element, according to the orientation chosen beforehand, without risk of overturning, and a progressive blocking not limited to the last tightening turn.
Le filetage conique de l'élément cotyloidien peut aussi être un filetage autotaraudeur. The tapered thread of the acetabulum can also be a self-tapping thread.
Pour améliorer le confort de ces prothèses, il est connu d'interposer entre la tête sphérique de l'élément fémoral et la cavité de l'élément cotyloidien, une cupule sensiblement sphérique, en matière semi-rigide telle qu'une matière plastique comme le polyéthylène. To improve the comfort of these prostheses, it is known to interpose between the spherical head of the femoral element and the cavity of the acetabular element, a substantially spherical cup, of semi-rigid material such as a plastic material such as polyethylene.
Généralement, cette cupule est sertie dans la cavité de l'élément cotyloidien dont elle constitue le revêtement. Generally, this cup is crimped into the cavity of the acetabular element of which it constitutes the coating.
Pour permettre un échange facile de la cupule en matière semi-rigide, notamment après usure, sans pour autant introduire le risque qu'elle ne se déplace dans la cavité du corps rigide de l'élément cotyloîdien suivant une caractéristique intéressante de l'invention, la cupule présente, sur sa face externe convexe, sphérique ou tronconique, et de préférence à proximité de son sommet, une saillie radiale de section transversale non circulaire, et le fond de la cavité du corps de l'élément cotyloidien présente, en correspondance de cette saillie, une ouverture de même périmètre apte à recevoir et loger la saillie s'opposant à tout mouvement de rotation entre la cupule et le corps de l'élément cotyloidien. To allow an easy exchange of the cup in semi-rigid material, in particular after wear, without however introducing the risk that it will move in the cavity of the rigid body of the acetabulum element according to an advantageous characteristic of the invention, the cup has, on its convex, spherical or frustoconical external face, and preferably near its top, a radial projection of non-circular cross section, and the bottom of the cavity of the body of the acetabular element present, in correspondence of this projection, an opening of the same perimeter capable of receiving and housing the projection opposing any rotational movement between the cup and the body of the acetabular element.
Cette disposition permet de prévoir, le long du bord périphérique de la cupule, une collerette recouvrant le bord correspondant du corps et d'éviter ainsi tout risque de contact de la tête sphérique avec le corps métallique de cet élément cotyloîdien et, par conséquent, tout risque de formation de rayures sur la surface de glissement de la tête sphérique en céramique ou en stellite. This arrangement makes it possible to provide, along the peripheral edge of the cup, a flange covering the corresponding edge of the body and thus avoid any risk of contact of the spherical head with the metallic body of this acetabulum element and, consequently, all risk of scratches on the sliding surface of the ceramic or stellite spherical head.
De toute façon, l'invention sera bien comprise, à l'aide de la description qui suit, en référence au dessin schématique annexé représentant, à titre d'exemple non limitatif, une forme d'exécution de cette prothèse
Figure I en est une vue en coupe axiale, après mise en place sur un patient
Figure 2 est une vue de côté éclatée de l'élément fémoral seul
Figure 3 est une vue en coupe de l'élément fémoral suivant 111-111 de figure 2
Figure 4 est une vue en coupe axiale verticale de l'élément cotyloïdien seul
Figure 5 est une vue de face en élévation du corps de l'élément cotyloidien avant mise en place de sa cupule ;et
Figure 6 est une vue d'arrière en élévation de la cupule seule de
L'élément cotyloîdien. In any case, the invention will be clearly understood, with the aid of the description which follows, with reference to the appended schematic drawing representing, by way of nonlimiting example, an embodiment of this prosthesis
Figure I is an axial sectional view, after placement on a patient
Figure 2 is an exploded side view of the femoral component alone
Figure 3 is a sectional view of the femoral element along 111-111 of Figure 2
Figure 4 is a vertical axial sectional view of the acetabular element alone
FIG. 5 is a front elevation view of the body of the acetabulum element before its cup is put in place; and
Figure 6 is a rear elevation view of the single cup of
The cotyloid element.
Comme le montre le dessin, la prothèse totale de la hanche selon
l'lnventzon est du type comportant deux éléments, à savoir un élément
fémoral 2 et un élément cotyloîdien 3. L'élément fémoral comprend, comme
les prothèses totales connues de ce type, une tête sphérique 4 destinée à
remplacer la tête d'un fémur réséqué 5 et portée par une embase 6 solidaire d'une tige 7 engagée et fixée dans le canal médullaire 5a du fémur 5 du patient. L'élément cotyloîdien 3, qui est destiné à être fixé dans la cavité cotyloidlenne de la hanche 9 du patient, est de forme extérieure sensiblement tronconique et présente une cavité approximativement hémisphérique 8 destinée à recevoir la tête sphérique 4 de l'élément fémoral 2 pour lui servir de palier sphérique.As the drawing shows, the total hip prosthesis according to
the lnventzon is of the type comprising two elements, namely an element
femoral 2 and a cotyloid component 3. The femoral component includes, as
total known prostheses of this type, a spherical head 4 intended for
replace the head of a resected femur 5 and carried by a base 6 secured to a rod 7 engaged and fixed in the medullary canal 5a of the patient's femur 5. The acetabular element 3, which is intended to be fixed in the acetabular cavity of the patient's hip 9, is of substantially frustoconical external shape and has an approximately hemispherical cavity 8 intended to receive the spherical head 4 of the femoral element 2 for serve as a spherical bearing.
Dans la prothèse selon l'invention, la tige 7 de I'élément fémoral présente trois parties distinctes, à savoir
- une partie inférieure tronconique 10 dont les dimensions sont adaptées à celles de la partie du canal médullaire 5a dans laquelle elle se trouve engagée lorsque l'élément fémoral de cette prothèse est en place comme illustré sur la figure 1
- une partie supérieure incurvée Il reliant la partie inférieure tronconique 10 à l'embase 6 qui supporte la tête sphérique 4, avec ménagement d'un débordement 12 de l'embase 6, au moins dans le secteur de cette dernière correspondant au segment concave 13 de la partie supérieure incurvée 11 I
- et enfin, le long des génératrices les plus convexes 14 de cette partie supérieure Il, une partie 15 en forme d'aileron destinée à être engagée dans une gorge 16 de section complémentaire ménagée dans la paroi du canal médullaire 5a du fémur 5, du côté du grand trochanter 17 de ce fémur.In the prosthesis according to the invention, the rod 7 of the femoral element has three distinct parts, namely
- A frustoconical lower part 10 whose dimensions are adapted to those of the part of the medullary canal 5a in which it is engaged when the femoral element of this prosthesis is in place as illustrated in FIG. 1
- a curved upper part It connecting the frustoconical lower part 10 to the base 6 which supports the spherical head 4, with an overflow 12 from the base 6, at least in the sector of the latter corresponding to the concave segment 13 of the curved upper part 11 I
- And finally, along the most convex generatrices 14 of this upper part II, a part 15 in the form of a fin intended to be engaged in a groove 16 of complementary section formed in the wall of the medullary canal 5a of the femur 5, side of the greater trochanter 17 of this femur.
II faut noter que la section transversale de la partie inférieure tronconique 10 est évidemment circulaire, tandis que celle de la partie supérieure Incurvée 11 est rectangulaire aplatie dont le plan médian est cor,fondu fondu avec celui contenant sa génératrice la plus concave 13 et sa génératrice la plus convexe 14. It should be noted that the cross section of the frusto-conical lower part 10 is obviously circular, while that of the curved upper part 11 is flattened rectangular whose median plane is cor, molten molten with that containing its most concave generatrix 13 and its generatrix most convex 14.
Par rapport aux tiges des éléments fémoraux des prothèses connues, la tige 7 de I'élément fémoral de la prothèse de l'invention présente l'avantage de procurer non seulement une excellente immobilisation en rotation grâce à l'engagement de son aileron 15 dans la gorge ou saignée 16 aménagée pour le recevoir, mais aussi une excellente répartition des points d'appui qui sont disposés en trois zones distinctes, c'est-à-dire une première zone constituée par l'appui du débordement 12 de l'embase sur l'extrémité réséquée du fémur 5, une seconde zone constituée par l'appui des génératrices concaves 13 de la partie supérieure incurvée Il de la tige 7 sur l'éperon Nlerckel 18, la troisième zone étant constituée par l'appui du bord inférieur de l'aileron 15 contre le fond de la gorge 16. Compared to the rods of the femoral elements of known prostheses, the rod 7 of the femoral element of the prosthesis of the invention has the advantage of not only providing excellent immobilization in rotation thanks to the engagement of its fin 15 in the groove or groove 16 arranged to receive it, but also an excellent distribution of the support points which are arranged in three distinct zones, that is to say a first zone constituted by the support of the overflow 12 of the base on the resected end of the femur 5, a second zone constituted by the support of the concave generatrices 13 of the upper curved part II of the rod 7 on the spur Nlerckel 18, the third zone being constituted by the support of the lower edge of the fin 15 against the bottom of the groove 16.
Par ailleurs, la section transversale aplatie de la partie supérieure
Il de la tige 7 ménage en avant et en arrière de la métaphyse dans sa partie trochantérienne ainsi qu'au niveau de la métaphyse sous-jacente, des zones libres dans lesquelles l'os peut se développer et améliorer, par néo-formation osseuse, la fixation de I'élément fémoral 2 dans le fémur 5.In addition, the flattened cross section of the upper part
It of the stem 7 cleans in front and behind of the metaphysis in its trochanteric part as well as at the level of the underlying metaphysis, free zones in which the bone can develop and improve, by bone neo-formation, fixation of the femoral element 2 in the femur 5.
Cette fixation peut encore être améliorée en réalisant, sur la partie Inférieure tronconique 10 et éventuellement partiellement sur la partie supérieure incurvée 11, des stries circulaires ou hélicoldales, comme cela est visible sur la figure 2. This fixing can be further improved by making, on the frusto-conical lower part 10 and possibly partially on the curved upper part 11, circular or helical grooves, as can be seen in FIG. 2.
Ces stries présentent l'avantage de favoriser la repousse osseuse tout le long de la tige 7, elles favorisent aussi cette repousse osseuse dès l'origine car l'introduction de la tige 7 dans le canaJ médullaire 5a, grâce à leur présence, procure à la tige 7 un effet de lime. II en résulte que les stries se chargent immédiatement de particules d'os. These streaks have the advantage of promoting bone regrowth along the rod 7, they also promote this bone regrowth from the start because the introduction of the rod 7 into the medullary canal 5a, thanks to their presence, provides the stem 7 a lime effect. As a result, the streaks are immediately loaded with bone particles.
La présence des stries a aussi pour effet d'augmenter d'environ 40 ó la surface de contact entre l'os et la tige 7. The presence of the streaks also has the effect of increasing the contact surface between the bone and the rod by approximately 40%.
La tenue de la tige 7, et par conséquent de l'élément fémoral 2 dans le canal médullaire 5a du fémur 5, peut encore être améliorée par l'application, sur la tige 7, d'un revêtement de céramique d'alumine qui non seulement protège le matériau constitutif de cette tige, qui peut être du titane ou de l'acier inoxydable, contre la corrosion, notamment au fond des sillons formés par les stries, mais en outre engendre un effet de buvard qui attire, au contact intime de la tige fémorale 7, les cellules vectrices de néo-formation osseuse. The holding of the rod 7, and consequently of the femoral element 2 in the medullary canal 5a of the femur 5, can be further improved by the application, on the rod 7, of a coating of alumina ceramic which does not only protects the constituent material of this rod, which can be titanium or stainless steel, against corrosion, in particular at the bottom of the grooves formed by the streaks, but also generates a blotting effect which attracts, on the intimate contact of the femoral stem 7, the vector cells of bone neo-formation.
La micro-porosité de ce revêtement est encore un élément qui favorise la fixation mécanique de la tige 7 et surtout sa connexion intime avec l'os dans les micro-cavités intergranulaires de la céramique d'alumine. The micro-porosity of this coating is another element which favors the mechanical fixing of the rod 7 and above all its intimate connection with the bone in the intergranular micro-cavities of the alumina ceramic.
Ce revêtement présente en outre l'avantage d'être physiquement et chimiquement neutre. This coating also has the advantage of being physically and chemically neutral.
Comme le montre le dessin, pour faciliter l'adoption d'un posi tionnement angulaire correct de l'élément fémoral en fonction de l'anié- version désirée. L'embase 6 présente un périmètre polygonal et notamment hexagonal permettant son entraînement à l'aide d'un outil approprié tel qu'un outil à six pans creux. As shown in the drawing, to facilitate the adoption of a correct angular positioning of the femoral element according to the desired version. The base 6 has a polygonal and in particular hexagonal perimeter allowing it to be driven using a suitable tool such as a hexagon socket tool.
Comme le montre notamment la figure 2, suivant une autre caractéristique intéressante de l'invention, la tête sphérique 4 est fixée à l'élément fémoral 2 par coincement conique entre un doigt tronconique 19 porté par l'embase 6 et un logement 21 de forme complémentaire ménagé dans la tête sphérique 4. Cette disposition permet de disposer d'une gamme complète d'éléments fémoraux 2 avec différentes dimensions de cols ou doigts 19 et différentes dimensions de tiges 7, sans multiplier de la même manière le nombre des têtes sphériques 4 qui sont adaptables à tous les éléments fémoraux 2, quelles qu'en soient les dimensions. Cette disposition rend possible la réalisation des têtes 4 en un matériau onéreux mais à très faible coefficient de frottement, tel que la steilite. As shown in particular in Figure 2, according to another advantageous characteristic of the invention, the spherical head 4 is fixed to the femoral element 2 by conical wedging between a frustoconical finger 19 carried by the base 6 and a housing 21 of shape complementary formed in the spherical head 4. This arrangement makes it possible to have a complete range of femoral elements 2 with different dimensions of neck or fingers 19 and different dimensions of rods 7, without multiplying in the same way the number of spherical heads 4 which are adaptable to all the femoral elements 2, whatever the dimensions. This arrangement makes it possible to produce the heads 4 from an expensive material but with a very low coefficient of friction, such as steilite.
L'élément cotyloïdien 3 est en réalité constitué de deux pièces engageables l'une dans l'autre, à savoir un corps extérjeur 22 en métal, tel qu'en titane, acier inoxydable ou autre, et une cupule intérieure 23 en matière plastique biocompatible, telle que le polyéthylène la caX lté mté- rieure 22a du corps 22 et le profil extérieur 23a de la cupule 23 étant déterminés de manière à permettre leur mariage intime après engagement de la cupule 23 dans la cavité du corps 22. Dans l'exemple illustré sur le dessin, la cavité 22a du corps 22 et le profil externe 23a de la cupule 23 sont sensiblement tronconiques. The acetabular element 3 actually consists of two parts that can be engaged one inside the other, namely an outer body 22 made of metal, such as titanium, stainless steel or the like, and an inner cup 23 made of biocompatible plastic material. , such as polyethylene, the lower surface 22a of the body 22 and the external profile 23a of the cup 23 being determined so as to allow their intimate marriage after engagement of the cup 23 in the cavity of the body 22. In the example illustrated in the drawing, the cavity 22a of the body 22 and the external profile 23a of the cup 23 are substantially frustoconical.
Le corps 22 présente une forme extérieure tronconique fermée par un fond 22b du côté de sa petite base, et dont la paroi de révolution est munie d'un filetage conique 22c destiné à faciliter sa mise en place correcte dans le cotyle de la hanche 9 du patient, par simple vissage. The body 22 has a frustoconical external shape closed by a bottom 22b on the side of its small base, and the wall of revolution of which is provided with a conical thread 22c intended to facilitate its correct positioning in the acetabulum of the hip 9 of the patient, by simple screwing.
La forme tronconique du corps 22 de l'élément cotyloîdien 3 permet une répartition homogène des contraintes dans le cotyle et spécialement selon les trois branches anatomiques de l'Y cotyloldien visibles sur la figure 1. The frustoconical shape of the body 22 of the acetabular element 3 allows a homogeneous distribution of the stresses in the acetabulum and especially according to the three anatomical branches of the acetabulum Y visible in FIG. 1.
Le fond 22b du corps 22 présente une ouverture 24 non circulaire, tandis que le fond de la cupule 23 présente, sur sa face externe, une saillie 25 d'un profil complémentaire de celui de l'ouverture 2 du corps 22. Cette saillie 25 est destinée à être engagée dans l'ouverture 24 lors de la mise en place de la cupule 23 dans le corps 22. The bottom 22b of the body 22 has a non-circular opening 24, while the bottom of the cup 23 has, on its external face, a projection 25 of a profile complementary to that of the opening 2 of the body 22. This projection 25 is intended to be engaged in the opening 24 when the cup 23 is placed in the body 22.
Cette disposition permet un remplacement relativement facile de la cupule 23 après usure tout en assurant sa bonne tenue dans le corps 22 après mise en place de la prothèse sur un patient. This arrangement allows a relatively easy replacement of the cup 23 after wear while ensuring its good hold in the body 22 after fitting the prosthesis on a patient.
Pour éviter tout risque de rayure du corps 22 par l'élément fémoral 2 lors des mouvements du patient, la cupule 23 présente une collerette périphérique 26 destinée à recouvrir la tranche du corps 22 après sa mise en place dans la cavité 22a de ce dernier. To avoid any risk of scratching of the body 22 by the femoral element 2 during the patient's movements, the cup 23 has a peripheral flange 26 intended to cover the edge of the body 22 after it has been placed in the cavity 22a of the latter.
Claims (10)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8804466A FR2628967B1 (en) | 1988-03-23 | 1988-03-23 | TOTAL HIP PROSTHESIS |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8804466A FR2628967B1 (en) | 1988-03-23 | 1988-03-23 | TOTAL HIP PROSTHESIS |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| FR2628967A1 true FR2628967A1 (en) | 1989-09-29 |
| FR2628967B1 FR2628967B1 (en) | 1993-07-30 |
Family
ID=9364959
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8804466A Expired - Fee Related FR2628967B1 (en) | 1988-03-23 | 1988-03-23 | TOTAL HIP PROSTHESIS |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| FR (1) | FR2628967B1 (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6132469A (en) * | 1997-11-07 | 2000-10-17 | Biomet, Inc. | Acetabular liner extractor |
| WO2001005338A1 (en) * | 1999-07-15 | 2001-01-25 | Ceramtec Ag Innovative Ceramic Engineering | Ceramic sandwich insert for an artificial hip joint |
| WO2001024739A3 (en) * | 1999-10-07 | 2002-01-24 | Exactech Inc | Acetabular bearing assembly for total hip joints |
| US8123815B2 (en) | 2008-11-24 | 2012-02-28 | Biomet Manufacturing Corp. | Multiple bearing acetabular prosthesis |
| US8308810B2 (en) | 2009-07-14 | 2012-11-13 | Biomet Manufacturing Corp. | Multiple bearing acetabular prosthesis |
| US8679187B2 (en) | 2006-03-20 | 2014-03-25 | Smith & Nephew, Inc. | Acetabular cup assembly for multiple bearing materials |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2242065A1 (en) * | 1973-08-31 | 1975-03-28 | Oscobal Ag | |
| EP0025835A1 (en) * | 1979-09-03 | 1981-04-01 | Schunk & Ebe GmbH | Femoral part of a hip joint endoprosthesis |
| EP0112423A1 (en) * | 1982-12-17 | 1984-07-04 | Francis Henri Bréard | Joint prosthesis, especially femoral prosthesis with self-blocking, wedge-shaped intramedullary stem |
| EP0121491A1 (en) * | 1983-03-04 | 1984-10-10 | Mecron Medizinische Produkte Gmbh | Implant |
| DE8236213U1 (en) * | 1982-12-23 | 1985-08-08 | orthoplant Endoprothetik GmbH, 2800 Bremen | Total endoprosthesis for a hip joint |
-
1988
- 1988-03-23 FR FR8804466A patent/FR2628967B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2242065A1 (en) * | 1973-08-31 | 1975-03-28 | Oscobal Ag | |
| EP0025835A1 (en) * | 1979-09-03 | 1981-04-01 | Schunk & Ebe GmbH | Femoral part of a hip joint endoprosthesis |
| EP0112423A1 (en) * | 1982-12-17 | 1984-07-04 | Francis Henri Bréard | Joint prosthesis, especially femoral prosthesis with self-blocking, wedge-shaped intramedullary stem |
| DE8236213U1 (en) * | 1982-12-23 | 1985-08-08 | orthoplant Endoprothetik GmbH, 2800 Bremen | Total endoprosthesis for a hip joint |
| EP0121491A1 (en) * | 1983-03-04 | 1984-10-10 | Mecron Medizinische Produkte Gmbh | Implant |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6132469A (en) * | 1997-11-07 | 2000-10-17 | Biomet, Inc. | Acetabular liner extractor |
| WO2001005338A1 (en) * | 1999-07-15 | 2001-01-25 | Ceramtec Ag Innovative Ceramic Engineering | Ceramic sandwich insert for an artificial hip joint |
| WO2001024739A3 (en) * | 1999-10-07 | 2002-01-24 | Exactech Inc | Acetabular bearing assembly for total hip joints |
| US6368354B2 (en) | 1999-10-07 | 2002-04-09 | Exactech, Inc. | Acetabular bearing assembly for total hip joints |
| US8679187B2 (en) | 2006-03-20 | 2014-03-25 | Smith & Nephew, Inc. | Acetabular cup assembly for multiple bearing materials |
| US8123815B2 (en) | 2008-11-24 | 2012-02-28 | Biomet Manufacturing Corp. | Multiple bearing acetabular prosthesis |
| US9445903B2 (en) | 2008-11-24 | 2016-09-20 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Multi-bearing acetabular prosthesis |
| US8308810B2 (en) | 2009-07-14 | 2012-11-13 | Biomet Manufacturing Corp. | Multiple bearing acetabular prosthesis |
| US9445904B2 (en) | 2009-07-14 | 2016-09-20 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Multiple bearing acetabular prosthesis |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2628967B1 (en) | 1993-07-30 |
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