FR2568001A1 - CARTRIDGE FOR HUNTING RIFLES - Google Patents

Abstract

THE INVENTION RELATES TO FIREARMS AMMUNITION. A CARTRIDGE 1 INCLUDES A BOTTOM 2A AND AT LEAST ONE PORTION OF THE CYLINDRICAL BODY 2B OF THE BUSH 2, WHICH CONSTITUTE A SINGLE PIECE OF MECHANICALLY RESISTANT MATERIAL, SO AS TO DEFINE A CASE OPEN TOWARDS THE CLOSURE 6 OF THE SAME CARTRIDGE 1 IN WHICH THE BULKHEAD 4 INCLUDES A SENSITIVELY CYLINDRICAL ENVELOPE 5 HOSTING THE OFFENSIVE ELEMENT 7 AND DEFINING AT ONE OF ITS ENDS THE SAID CLOSURE 6, THIS BULLET BEING A SOFT MATERIAL. ORIGINALLY, THE OPENING OF THE CLOSURE 6 IS OBTAINED BY A DIAPHRAGM 8 MOBILE INSIDE THE SAID ENVELOPE 5 ON THE PULSE OF THE PROPULSIVE CHARGE 3, THIS DIAPHRAGM 8 FORMING A BASE 8A OF THE ENVELOPE 5 OPPOSED BY RELATION TO THAT DEFINED BY THE CLOSURE 6. APPLICATION TO HUNTING RIFLES.

Description

The present invention relates to a cartridge

  for shotguns of the type in which the charge

  sive is separated from the propelling charge by means of a

separation process called fluff.

  We know that hunting cartridges have a

  composite structure, that is to say formed of several ele-

  which perform clearly different functions.

referred to one another.

  In these cartridges one can recognize in the ex-

  inside the cylindrical sleeve that carries the

  base of the priming capsule of the powder, while c8-

  opposite, it is blocked so that it can be

  diatement open by the effect of the thrust of the combustion gases. Inside, in contact with said primer,

  is introduced the charge of powder which acts on the char-

  offensive or lead shots on the side of the said farm

  by interposition of a flock which, following

  desired ballistic effects, may take structural

  various types. But in any case the fluff performs two particular functions: on the one hand it retains the gases produced by the explosion in order to prevent them from penetrating between the pellets by scrambling them, while on the other hand it exerts a pressure on the same sinkers

  by pushing them neatly out of the barrel of the fu-

  sil. On the side of the pellets the floss may also be in the form of an open vase or "container" in order to house the

  same sinkers and avoid this way or reduce the effect

  fet sealing on the barrel and the deformation thereof.

  Many waders currently in existence

  Complement in various measures another function: they dampen the impact of the explosion on the weight of the pellets

  and therefore reduce the psychological effect of

-2-

ass caused by the shot.

  Leads or the like are contained, in the case of a cartridge of the aforementioned type, between the container of the flock and the front closure of the socket. This closure is generally called "star closure" and is obtained by means of folding radial sections of the front end of the socket. This type of closure is

  today universally adopted because it is

  ballistic point of view, superior to the previous types of closure in which the sleeve had to undergo at its end an annular folding which was intended to retain a piece of light cardboard or a small

closing plastic disc.

  Indeed we noticed that this light cardboard

  or small disk that remains in front of the shots when those

  they are thrown, scrambling these causing wreaths

relatively irregular.

  In these cartridges the bush,

  ie the envelope of the cartridge, is conditioned by

  this star closure, which requires the use of a

  flexible. This requirement of flexibility is in

  with the fact that the socket must withstand

  training to explode the launching charge and in

  in addition to the fact that the socket

  opposed to that of closing, a strong

  mechanical resistance in order to provide a valid grip

  of devices for extracting automatic rifles.

  These devices must exert a relatively

  important because with the explosion the cartridges tend to

  dent to adhere to the barrel explosion chamber, and

  that rifles that operate automatically

  the use of very fast-acting and violent extractors, which have a limited

the cartridge.

  These necessities in contrast led to the

  of sockets formed of three distinct elements: a base, usually of metal, arranged at the base of the

  socket on the primer side and shaped so as to allow

  put the attachment to the extractors of rifles; a cylindrical body ("tube") of resistive plastic material or cardboard particularly solid, a portion of which is used for said closure preferably star and the opposite portion is introduced into the base; and a buffer that gets into the pellet and forces the tube

  against the same pellet by preventing the detachment of

  it at the moment of the explosion of the charge. Buffer

  "inner reinforcement" or "cap" also provides the thick

necessary to house the primer.

  In this structure the extraction efforts

  of the rifle chamber after the shot are

  by the base which must be very rigid, while

  the cylindrical body (tube) must be sufficiently

  to avoid cracking or in any case give way to

  explosion and at the same time sufficiently flexible

  to make possible star closure.

  This bushing structure is rational only

  apparently because the above requirements

  can only be satisfied by having recourse to

  particularly important for the components of the bushing, which have always resulted in high prices for

production.

  In addition, the situation at the level of

  production is aggravated by the fact that, as

  specified, the only socket is already made up of three

  (base, cylindrical body or tube and buffer)

  which must be firmly engaged with each other by means of operations which require very complex machines, which entails very high costs for these installations, these costs obviously having a

  impact on the price of the cartridges produced.

  In this situation the technical task which is the basis of the present invention is the creation

  of a cartridge having overall a radical structure

  different from those currently

  with a view to making possible a reduction in

  mark of production prices and depreciation prices

  facilities, without reducing the effectiveness of the

tick of the same cartridge.

  In the context of this technical task it is an important object of the present invention to create a

  cartridge consisting of a number of

  and reduced to specific tasks, in order to avoid the current difficult compromise solutions. Another object of the invention is to create a cartridge of universal type, that is to say, which is suitable

  to be made in different calibers and for different

  offensive charges, which can also be used

  by existing rifles.

  The aforementioned technical task and the above-mentioned

  are affected by a cartridge according to the invention

  for shotguns, which comprises a socket forming a longitudinal bottom generally traversed by a hole for the primer, a closure opposite said bottom and which can be opened by pressure, and a cylindrical body extending from said bottom. at said closure and further comprising a wad introduced into said sleeve for separating the propellant charge from the

  cartridge of pellets or the like to be thrown; characterize

  in that in said socket said bottom and at least a portion of said cylindrical body are obtained from a

  only part made of mechanically resistant material,

  to define an open case towards the end of the

  same socket provided with said closure, in that

  said wad has a substantially cylindrical casing

  that housing said pellets or the like and defining itself at one of its ends said closure, this wadding being made of flexible material, and in that

  in said wad said envelope is provided with a

  tubular lateral king likely to engage solid-

  with said case, and from a base opposite to said case

  meture and defined by a diaphragm moving in the direction

  said closure, on the impulse of the propellant charge.

  ve on a sufficient portion to determine the opening of the same closure; stop elements being provided between said diaphragm and said side wall of the

aforementioned wad.

  Other characteristics and advantages

  more clearly from the description of a form

  preferred but not exclusive embodiment of the invention, illustrated by way of non-limiting example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: - Figure 1 shows the cartridge according to the invention, in section, at rest; - Figure 2 shows a cartridge similar to that of Figure 1 during the launch phase of the pellets; FIG. 3 is a variant of the solution shown.

in Figures 1 and 2.

  Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the cartridge

  che according to the invention is generally indicated in 1.

  It comprises a socket 2 comprising, from a single

  the part, the bottom 2a of the cartridge (corresponding in the known art to the base and the pad or inner reinforcement) and the cylindrical body 2b (corresponding in the known art tube), the latter being open on the opposite side

at the bottom 2a.

  The sleeve 2, as structured, practically defines an open case in which a primer 3 is introduced in known manner. The bottom or case 2 is of

  mechanically resistant material, for example plastic

  than rigid one-such as the one known under the brand name of

brick "Moplen".

  The case 2 lodges in its cavity unbourre, globally

  indicated in 4, comprising a cylindrical envelope 5

  drique and folded at the front to define

  a star 6 closure. In other words, it's the same

  fills me 4 which defines the closure 6 for the pellets

7, the opposite side to the bottom 2a.

  The flock 4 is therefore made of

  ple, this being imposed by the closure 6.

  The wall of the envelope or container 5 of the

  filler opposite closure 6 is defined by a dia-

  moving diaphragm 8 towards closure 6 on the

  impulse of the propelling charge arranged on the side of the

morce 3.

  The advance of the diaphragm 8 is allowed by the commitment

  tubular side wall 9 of the casing 5 with the casing 2. This engagement is of the forced type, which

will be better described later.

  In the embodiment shown in the figures it is provided, advantageously, that the wad 4 is in one piece and that the diaphragm 8 is first obtained secured to the envelope 5 for the pellets. Indeed, it is expected, in an original way, that he

  between the tubular sidewall 9 of the envelope

  pe 5 and the diaphragm 8 a thinned portion 10 intended

  to cut themselves off at the moment of the shot. In addition,

  advantageously sees that the diaphragm 8 of the flock 4

  comprises a base portion 8a shaped so as to

  hold the gases produced at the time of discharge,

  an active portion 8b introduced into the side wall

  tubular frame 9 and shaped to receive

  the basis of the load of the pellets 7.

  The base portion 8a of the diaphragm 8 has a di-

  meter equivalent to the inside diameter of the case 2 and

  envelope 5: therefore when

  charge, it abuts in 8 'against one end 9'

  of the tubular sidewall 9 when the amino portions

  10 are cut out and the diaphragm 8 advances in

  closing 6, as shown in FIG.

re 2.

  In an original way, the portion of diaphragm

  8 between the base portion 8a and the active portion 8b, indicated 8c, is of reduced dimensions,

  which allows the diaphragm 8 to be partially

  sure to dampen the impulse given by the propelling

  sive. The envelope 5 can be enclosed completely

  inside the case 2 or spill out of it

  and penetrate into the soul of the rifle barrel. In order to adjust the available space for the propellant charge,

  advantageously provides for pressure engagement

  tubular side wall 9 of the envelope and the

  This pressure engagement is defined by a tooth 11 protruding from the case 2 to the casing 5 and a series of corresponding cavities 12 arranged

  on the envelope 5 in correspondence of the lateral wall

  the tubular g, or vice versa; this commitment can

  also be obtained, for example, by gluing, welding

  and the like. As shown in Figure 2, the

  it can end immediately after tooth 11.

  In this case it is necessary to provide guns with a room of ex-

  plosion 13 of the holster measurement 2.

  It is for this reason that we prefer

  a case 2 extending as an outer sheath

  beyond tooth 11, in order to engage the current

  the explosion chambers 13, as shown in the

  Figure 1. Envelope 5 may in any case still be

  the explosion chamber 13 because it is

  sized for launching through the barrel.

  The operation of the cartridge I according to the invention is particularly obvious and is shown on the

figure 2.

  At the time of the firing the propellant charge forces the diaphragm 8 towards the closure 6 causing the rupture of the thinned portions 10 and the advance

  from the same diaphragm 8 to an abutment position

  the base portion 8a and the tubular wall 9 of the

Veloppe 5.

  During his advance to reach this position

  tion, while envelope 5 is blocked by means of

  the notch engagement with the case 2, the diaphragm 8 pushes

  pushes the leads 7 determining the opening of the

- g -

  closing 6. As soon as the diaphragm 8 has reached this po-

  it is practically interdependent in trans-

  of the envelope 5 and consequently the entire

  Re advance with the pellets along the soul of the barrel of the rifle. The invention achieves the desired goals and obtains

other important benefits.

  In fact we were able to obtain a cartridge whose

  socket is formed of a single piece structured according to

  the explosion resistance and the clinging to the

an extractor device.

  In an original way, the closure of the car-

  key has been arranged in correspondence of the wad, which thus plays the role of element containing the sinkers,

  possibly protruding outside the case.

  Closure in correspondence of the flock did not complicate it because the movable diaphragm intended to open the closure can also be formed in one piece with the remaining portion of the flange.

floss.

  All the elements mentioned can be executed

  cut using the most traditional techniques

  molding, for example by injection. The invention thus conceived is capable of numerous modifications and variants, without departing from its protective framework;

  for example, as shown in FIG. 3, the enve-

  loppe 5 and the diaphragm 8 may be formed from two separate pieces originally. In addition all the details

  may be replaced by technically

  equivalents. Practically, the materials used, the

  shapes and dimensions may be

the necessities.

- 10 -

Claims (11)

R E V E N D I C A T I 0 N S   1. Shotgun cartridge, comprising   a sleeve (2) forming a long bottom   tudinal (2a) traversed by a hole for the primer (3), a closure (6) opposite said bottom (2a) and which can be   open by pressure, and a cylindrical body (2b) extends   from said bottom (2a) to said closure (6) and further comprising a wad (4) introduced inside the sleeve (2) for separating the propellant charge (3) from the cartridge (1) of the pellets ( 7) or similar to launch, characterized in that in said sleeve (2) the bottom (2a) and at least a portion of the cylindrical body (2b) are obtained in one piece made of mechanically resistant material, so as to define a case open towards the end of the same sleeve (2) provided with said closure (6); in that said wad (4) comprises a substantially cylindrical casing (5) housing said pellets (7) or the like and defining itself,   one of its ends, the closure (6), this   re (4) being made of flexible material; and in that in   said wad (4) the envelope (5) is provided with a   lateral tubular king (9) capable of engaging   with said case (2), and a base (8a) opposite said closure (6) and defined by a diaphragm (8) movable towards the closure (6) on the impulse of the propellant charge (3). ), on a sufficient portion to determine the opening of the same closure (6); of the   stop elements (8 ', 9') being provided between said di-   the diaphragm (8) and said side wall (9) of the bell re (4).   2. Cartridge according to claim 1, characterized   in that in said wad (4) the envelope (5) - he -   and the diaphragm (8) consist of a single piece,   the diaphragm (8) being connected to the tubular side wall   (9) of the envelope (5) by means of an amine portion cie (10) of the same flock (4).   3. Cartridge according to claim 1, characterized   in that the diaphragm (8) is provided with a   widened basic base (8a) having the same extent as the internal section of said case and arranged outside   said envelope (5) and an active portion (8b)   troduced into the casing (5) having the same extent as the internal section of the tubular side wall (9), and in that said abutment members (8 ', 9') are represented by an end of said tubular side wall (9) and by the outer edge of the portion of base (8a).   4. Cartridge according to claim 3, characterized   in that said base portion (8a) and   the active portion (8b) are connected to each other by a thinner section portion (8c) for giving the diaphragm (8) the ability to damp the pulse of the propellant charge (3).   5. Cartridge according to claim 1, characterized   in that the tubular side wall (9) of   the envelope (5) is engaged notch with said case (2).   Cartridge according to claim 5, characterized   in that the case (2) and the tubular side wall   9 of the wad are respectively provided with a tooth-shaped protrusion (11) facing towards its interior.   and one or more annular cavities (12) parallel   the shape complementary to that of said projection (11).   Cartridge according to claim 1, characterized - 12 -   in that the closure (6) made in correspondence   of one end of the envelope (5) is a star closure.   Cartridge according to claim 1, characterized   in that said case (2) extends towards its end.   open the entire length of the room of ex-   plosion (13) in which the cartridge (1) is inserted pick.   9. Cartridge for shotguns, according to the   1, characterized in that said tubular side wall (9) of the envelope (5) is engaged by bonding with said case (2).   10. Cartridge according to claim 1, characterized   in that said tubular side wall (9) of   the envelope (5) is engaged by welding with said tui (2).   Cartridge according to claim 1, characterized   in that in said wad (4) the envelope (5) and the diaphragm (8) consist of two distinct pieces, the second being inside the   first with possibility of relative axial movement.