FI20245841A1 - Method and apparatus for producing a composition - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for producing a compositionInfo
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- FI20245841A1 FI20245841A1 FI20245841A FI20245841A FI20245841A1 FI 20245841 A1 FI20245841 A1 FI 20245841A1 FI 20245841 A FI20245841 A FI 20245841A FI 20245841 A FI20245841 A FI 20245841A FI 20245841 A1 FI20245841 A1 FI 20245841A1
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- composition
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
- B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
- B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/34—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with mechanical oscillations
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
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Abstract
Keksintö koskee menetelmää koostumuksen valmistamiseksi. Menetelmä käsittää aikaansaadaan ensimmäinen nestemäinen koostumus (LI), ensimmäinen kaasumainen koostumuksen (G) ja ensimmäinen kiinteä koostumus (S1); valmistetaan ensimmäinen seos, joka käsittää ensimmäisen kiinteän koostumuksen (S1), ensimmäisen nestemäisen koostumuksen (L1) ja kuplia, jotka käsittävät ensimmäisen kaasumaisen koostumuksen (G); aikaansaadaan säteilyä kuplien päälle; ja saadaan mikä tahansa yhdistelmä seuraavista: toinen nestemäinen koostumus (L2), toinen kaasumainen koostumus (G2) ja toinen kiinteä koostumus (S2). Keksintö koskee edelleen menetelmää koostumuksen valmistamiseksi.The invention relates to a method for preparing a composition. The method comprises providing a first liquid composition (LI), a first gaseous composition (G) and a first solid composition (S1); preparing a first mixture comprising the first solid composition (S1), the first liquid composition (L1) and bubbles comprising the first gaseous composition (G); providing radiation onto the bubbles; and obtaining any combination of the following: a second liquid composition (L2), a second gaseous composition (G2) and a second solid composition (S2). The invention further relates to a method for preparing a composition.
Description
Method and apparatus for producing a composition
The present invention relates to a method for producing a composition and more particularly to a method according to the preamble of claim 1. The present invention further relates to apparatus for producing a composition and more particularly to apparatus according to the preamble of claim 10.
Removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is essential to meeting international climate goals, scientists say. Without it, it's all but impossible to reach net-zero greenhouse gas emissions in time to limit global warming to 1.5 or 2 de- grees Celsius, the primary targets of the Paris climate agreement. Yet carbon diox- ide isn't the only climate-warming gas that needs a sharp cutback in the atmos- phere. Experts are turning their focus to methane as well.
There are a different compositions and substances which should be converted to other compositions and substances. For instance, greenhouse gases should be captured and converted substances which are not harmful for the earth.
It is known that when Carbon dioxide is injected into the liquid metal, — with the gas bubbles rising up just like bubbles in a champagne glass and as the bubbles move through the liquid metal, the gas molecule splits up to form flakes of solid carbon, with the reaction taking just a split second.
It is suggested that natural quasicrystals are formed by rapid quench- ing of a meteorite heated during an impact-induced shock. < 25 Even some greenhouse gas capturing, and quasicrystal production pro-
S cesses and composition converting methods are known, there is still needed to im-
O prove efficiency of these processes. x
> 30 An object of the present invention is to provide a method for produc- 3 ing a composition and apparatus for producing a composition so as to solve or at 3 least alleviate the prior art disadvantages.
N The objects of the invention are achieved by a method which is char- acterized by what is stated in the independent claim 1. The objects of the invention are further achieved by apparatus which is characterized by what is stated in the in- dependent claim 10.
The preferred embodiments of the invention are disclosed in the dependent claims.
The invention is based on the idea of providing a method for produc- ing a composition. The method comprises: providing a first liquid composition, a first gaseous composition, and a first solid composition, producing a first mixture comprising the first solid composition, the first liquid composition and bubbles com- prising the first gaseous composition, providing radiation on the bubbles, and ob- taining any combination of the following: a second liquid composition, a second gas- eous composition, and a second solid composition.
In some embodiments, the first solid composition consists of a first solid substance.
In some embodiments, the first gaseous composition consists of a first gaseous substance.
In some embodiments, the first liquid composition consists of a first liquid substance.
In some embodiments, the second solid composition consists of a sec- ond solid substance.
In some embodiments, the second gaseous composition consists of a second gaseous substance.
In some embodiments, the first liquid composition consists of a first liquid substance.
In the context of this application, a substance means a particular kind < 25 of matter with uniform properties.
S In some embodiments, the first solid composition consists of a first
O solid compound. © In some embodiments, the first gaseous composition consists of a first z gaseous compound. > 30 In some embodiments, the first liquid composition consists of a first 3 liquid compound. 3 In some embodiments, the second solid composition consists of a sec-
N ond solid compound.
In some embodiments, the second gaseous composition consists of a second gaseous compound.
In some embodiments, the first liquid composition consists of a first liquid compound.
In the context of this application, a compound means any substance composed of identical molecules or atoms.
In some embodiments, the first solid composition comprises metal at- oms.
In some embodiments, the first solid composition comprises metal ox- ide.
In some embodiments, the first solid composition being a metal or metal oxide.
In some embodiments, the first solid composition being copper, gold or iron oxide.
In some embodiments, the first solid composition comprises any com- bination of the following atoms: Au, Al, Li, Cu, Mn, Si, Ni, Co, Pd, Fe, V, Yb, Ti, Zr,
Zn, Mg, Ho, Sc, In and Ag.
In some embodiments, the first solid composition comprises any com- bination of the following atoms: Au, Al, Li, Cu, Mn, Si, Ni, Co, Pd, Fe, V, Yb, Ti, Zr,
Zn, Mg, Ho, Sc, In, Ag and O.
In some embodiments, the first solid composition comprises particles having a diameter less than 100 nm or less than 180 nm.
In some embodiments, the method comprises a step of decreasing a diameter of the bubbles comprising the gaseous composition with a nano bubble device and < 25 providing radiation onto the bubbles having the decreased diameter.
S Nano bubbles producing a shock wave when they burst.
O In some embodiments, the first gaseous composition comprises mole- © cules comprising carbon atoms.
I That enables greenhouse gas capturing. > 30 In some embodiments, the first gaseous composition comprises gase- 3 ous alkane. 3 That enables greenhouse gas capturing.
N In some embodiments, the first gaseous composition comprises or consists of methane or carbon dioxide.
That enables greenhouse gas capturing.
The method enables converting greenhouse gases to solid carbon.
That enables greenhouse gas capturing.
In some embodiments, the first gaseous composition comprises waste gas.
That enables greenhouse gas capturing and waste gas treatment.
In some embodiments, the first liguid composition comprises water.
In some embodiments, the first liguid composition is water.
Water is widely used in processes and suitable for converting process according to the present invention.
In some embodiments, the first mixture comprises a catalyst.
The catalyst enables increasing efficiency of the method.
In some embodiments, the method comprises a step of decreasing di- ameter of the bubbles comprising the first gaseous composition.
In some embodiments, the step of decreasing diameter of the bubbles is carried out with a nano bubble device providing bubbles having a diameter less than 100 nm or less than 180 nm.
Bursting of the nanobubbles provides extreme conditions.
In some embodiments, the step of decreasing diameter of the bub- bles is carried out with a nano bubble device comprising any one of the following: pressurized dissolution device, a rotational flow device, a turbulent static mixer, an ejector nozzle and an ultrasonic device and venturi device.
In some embodiments, the step of decreasing diameter of the bubbles is carried out with a nano bubble device comprising any one of the following: pres- < 25 — surized dissolution device, a rotational flow device, a turbulent static mixer, an ejec-
S tor nozzle and an ultrasonic device or venturi device, and the nano bubble device
O providing bubbles having a diameter less than 100 nm or less than 180 nm. © The nano bubbles enable unexpected conversion reactions.
I In some embodiments, the method comprises a step of decomposing a > 30 substance of the first gaseous composition, and the second solid composition com- 3 prises molecules of the decomposed first gaseous composition. 3 In some embodiments, the method comprises decomposing a sub-
N stance of the first gaseous composition, and the method comprises obtaining a third solid composition comprising molecules of the decomposed first gaseous composi- tion.
In some embodiments, the method comprises decomposing a sub- stance of the first gaseous composition, and the method comprises obtaining a third 5 solid composition comprising carbon molecules of the decomposed first gaseous composition.
In some embodiments, the method comprises composing a second solid composition with cavitation.
Cavitation means that bubble in a liquid rapidly collapses and produc- ing a shock wave.
This means that shock waves produced by the collapsing nano bubbles are evenly distributed in the first mixture.
That provides an energy efficient composing method of the second solid composition.
In some embodiments, the second solid composition being a crystal or a metallic crystal or a quasicrystal.
In some embodiments, the method comprises a step of obtaining a second gaseous composition, the second gaseous composition comprises molecules comprising oxygen atoms or hydrogen atoms.
This means converting greenhouse gases into non-harmful composi- tions.
In some embodiments, the method comprises a step of obtaining a second liquid composition, the second liquid composition comprises molecules com- prising oxygen atoms or hydrogen atoms. < 25 This means converting composition into valuable liquids.
S In some embodiments, the method is carried out at a temperature up
O to 30 degrees C or 50 degrees C or 90 degrees C or 120 degrees C. © In some embodiments, the method is carried out at a temperature in z the range of 5 degrees C - 30 degrees C. > 30 The present invention enables conversion reactions at a low tempera- 3 ture which provides an energy efficient method. 3 In some embodiments, the radiation in the step of providing radiation
N on the bubbles is electromagnetic radiation or acoustic radiation.
Electromagnetic radiation or acoustic radiation surprisingly enables the conversion reactions.
In some embodiments, the radiation in the step of providing radiation on the bubbles comprises any combination of the following electromagnetic radia- tion: sun light, infrared, visible light and ultraviolet light.
Light enables energy efficiently conversion reactions.
The present invention further relates to apparatus for producing a composition. The apparatus comprises a first inlet arrangement arranged to provide the apparatus with the first gaseous composition and arranged to form bubbles of comprising the first gaseous composition, a production vessel arranged to receive the bubbles comprising the first gaseous composition, and a radiation arrangement arranged to provide radiation on the bubbles comprising the first gaseous composi- tion having a decreased diameter.
In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises a nano bubble device arranged to decrease a diameter of the bubbles comprising the first gaseous com- position.
In some embodiments the apparatus comprises a nano bubble device arranged to decrease a diameter of the bubbles comprising the first gaseous com- position, and the radiation arrangement is arranged to provide radiation on the bub- bles having the decreased diameter.
In some embodiments, the first inlet arrangement is arranged to pro- vide the bubbles with the catalyst.
In some embodiments, the catalyst is provided in the liquid.
In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises a catalyst feeding ar- < 25 rangement arranged to provide the apparatus with the catalyst.
S The catalyst improves efficiency of the method or enables certain reac- 8 tions. © In some embodiments, the radiation arrangement is arranged to irri- z tate light. > 30 In some embodiments, the radiation arrangement is arranged to pro- 3 vide acoustic radiation. 3 In some embodiments, the radiation arrangement is arranged to pro-
N vide the production vessel with sun light.
In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises a gas recycling ar- rangement arranged to recycle unreacted gas from the production vessel to the nano bubble device.
That increases conversion of the gas.
In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises a liquid recycling ar- rangement arranged to recycle liquid from the production vessel to the nano bubble device.
In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises a gas recycling ar- rangement arranged to recycle unreacted gas from the production vessel to the nano bubble device, and a liquid recycling arrangement arranged to recycle liquid from the production vessel to the nano bubble device.
In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises a separating arrange- ment arranged to obtain from the apparatus any combination of the following: a second liquid composition, a second gaseous composition, and a second solid com- — position.
The separating arrangement provides an efficient way to obtain pro- duced compositions from the apparatus. In some embodiments, the separating ar- rangement is arranged to operate in continuous operation mode.
The apparatus may be arranged to carry out any above disclosed em- bodiment the method.
The method may be carried out with any above disclosed embodiment the apparatus.
An advantage of the invention is that different kind compositions can be converted energy efficiently to non-harmful or valuable compositions. x 25 2 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
O The invention is described in detail by means of specific embodiments © with reference to the enclosed drawings, in which:
I Figure 1 shows schematically a method according to one embodiment of the present > 30 invention, 3 Figure 2 shows schematically apparatus according to one embodiment of the pre- 3 sent invention,
N Figure 3 shows schematically apparatus according to one embodiment of the pre- sent invention, and
Figure 4 shows one embodiment of a nano bubble device.
The present invention will now be described more fully hereinafter.
This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodi- ments are provided for thoroughness and completeness, and for fully convey the scope of the invention to a skilled person. Although individual features may be in- cluded in different embodiments, these may possibly be combined in other ways, and the inclusion in different embodiments does not imply that a combination of features is not feasible. In addition, singular references do not exclude a plurality.
In the context of the present invention, the terms "a", "an" does not preclude a plu- rality.
As used herein, the term "comprising" includes the broader meanings of "including", "containing", and "comprehending", as well as the narrower expres- sions "consisting of" and "consisting only of”.
The present inventive concepts are, at least in part, based on unexpected realisa- tions that compositions may be converted energy efficiently with radiation when cavitation is present.
In the following, the invention and the embodiments thereof are described by means of non-limiting examples. A person skilled in the art would be able to modify < 25 — the parameters of the examples with support of the above description without de-
S parting from the present invention. 8 © Example 1 (Comparative)
I 10 I water, gold as a form of nano particles and methane were provided. > 30 Water was put in a vessel having a pressure approximately 1 atm. 3 The water was circulated from the vessel. Methane having 0,8 bar pressure was fed 3 to the water to provide a mixture of the water and bubbles comprising the me-
N thane.
The vessel was provided with light.
This experiment was carried out 5 min.
After the test gold was still gold and during the test methane was released from the vessel.
Example 2 (according to the invention) | water, gold as a form of nano particles and methane were provided.
Water was put in a vessel having a pressure approximately 1 atm.
The water was circulated from the vessel. Methane having 0,8 bar pressure was fed to the water to provide a mixture of the water and bubbles comprising the methane. 10 The mixture was fed to a nano bubble generator.
The vessel was provided with light so that the bubbles were illuminated.
This experiment was carried out 5 min.
Inventors surprisingly found out that all the gas was converted non-gaseous com- pounds. Furthermore, crystals having a quasicrystal was produced.
Example 3 (according to the invention) 10 | water, FeO particles and methane were provided.
Water was put in a vessel.
The water was circulated from the vessel. Methane having 0,8 bar pressure was fed to the water to provide a mixture of the water and bubbles comprising the methane.
The mixture was fed to a nano bubble generator.
The vessel was provided with light so that the bubbles were illuminated.
This experiment was carried out 5 min.
Inventors surprisingly found out that all the gas was converted non-gaseous com- < 25 — pounds. Furthermore, crystals having a quasicrystal was produced.
N
&
O Example 4 (according to the invention) © 10 | water, gold as a form of nano particles and CO2 were provided.
I Water was put in a vessel having a pressure approximately 1 atm. > 30 The water was circulated from the vessel. CO2 having 0,8 bar pressure was fed to 3 the water to provide a mixture of the water and bubbles comprising the CO2.
X The mixture was fed to a nano bubble generator.
N The vessel was provided with light so that the bubbles were illuminated.
This experiment was carried out 15 min.
Inventors surprisingly found out that all the gas was converted non-gaseous com- pounds. Furthermore, crystals having a quasicrystal was produced.
Example 5 (according to the invention) 101 water, copper as a form of nano particles and CO2 were provided.
Water was put in a vessel having a pressure approximately 1 atm.
The water was circulated from the vessel. CO2 having 0,8 bar pressure was fed to the water to provide a mixture of the water and bubbles comprising the CO2.
The mixture was fed to a nano bubble generator.
The vessel was provided with light so that the bubbles were illuminated. This experi- ment was carried out 15 min.
Inventors surprisingly found out that all the gas was converted non-gaseous com- pounds. Furthermore, crystals having a quasicrystal was produced.
Figure 1 shows schematically embodiment of a method according to the present invention.
The method 5000 according to the present invention comprises the following steps: -a step 5001, providing a first liquid composition L, a first gaseous composition G, and a first solid composition S1, -a step 5002, producing a first mixture comprising the first solid composition S1, the first liquid composition Land bubbles comprising the first gaseous composition
G, - a step 5004, providing radiation on the bubbles, and - a step 5005, obtaining any combination of the following: a second liquid composi- < 25 tion L2, a second gaseous composition G2, and a second solid composition S2.
S In the context of this application, providing radiation on the bubbles
O means that the bubbles are exposed to the radiation. © In other words, the bubbles facing the radiation.
I In the context of this application, a bubble of a gaseous composition > 30 means a ball of the gaseous composition that is surrounded by a liquid or by soft or 3 frozen material.
N In certain embodiments, the method comprises a step of adding water
N W.
In certain embodiments, the first gaseous composition G comprises molecules comprising carbon atoms.
In certain embodiments, the first gaseous composition G comprises molecules comprises hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms.
In certain embodiments, the first gaseous composition G consists of molecules con- sisting of hydrogen atoms and carbon atoms.
In certain embodiments, the first gaseous composition G comprises gaseous alkane.
In certain embodiments, the first gaseous composition G comprises or consists of methane or carbon dioxide.
In certain embodiments, a waste gas comprises any combination fol- lowing: Carbon oxides, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, aerosols, carbon monoxide, methane and greenhouse gases such as chlorofluorocarbon (CFC).
Waste gases may be originated from industry, households or agricul- ture.
In certain embodiments, the first gaseous composition comprises a waste gas from an industrial facility, the waste gas comprising carbon dioxide.
In certain embodiments, the first gaseous composition comprises a — waste gas from an industrial facility.
In certain embodiments, the first gaseous composition comprises a waste gas from an industrial facility, the waste gas comprises two or more different gaseous compounds.
In certain embodiments, the first liquid composition being water. < 25 In certain embodiments, the first liquid composition being purified wa-
S ter.
O In certain embodiments, the first liguid composition comprises water. © Purified water is water that's free from impurities. Impurities com-
I monly found in ordinary tap water are minerals such as Calcium, Magnesium, So- > 30 dium, Potassium and Phosphorus. In order to create purified water, specialised fil- 3 tration systems may be used which aim to remove single minerals. Distilled Water is 3 also a type of purified Water. Distilled water is water that is boiled into steam and
N then recondensed back into a liquid form.
In certain embodiments, the first solid composition being a catalyst.
In certain embodiments, the catalyst comprises nanoparticles.
In certain embodiments, the catalyst consists of nanoparticles.
In certain embodiments, the catalyst comprises nanoparticles having a diameter in the range of 1 nm — 500 nm or in the range of 1 nm — 100 nm.
In certain embodiments, the catalyst is heterogeneous catalyst.
In certain embodiments, the catalyst is homogeneous catalyst.
Heterogeneous catalysis is catalysis where the phase of catalysts differs from that of the reactants or products. The process contrasts with homogeneous catalysis where the reactants, products and catalyst exist in the same phase
In certain embodiments, the catalyst is metal catalyst or metal oxide catalyst.
In certain embodiments, the catalyst the catalyst comprises metal.
In certain embodiments, the catalyst comprises any combination of the following: ruthenium, palladium, copper, gold, platinum, nickel, molybdenum, co- — balt, silver.
In certain embodiments, the catalyst comprises gold or the catalyst consists of gold.
In certain embodiments, the method is carried out at a pressure in the range of 0,8 — 1, 2 atm.
In certain embodiments, the method comprises a step 5003 of de- creasing diameter of the bubbles comprising the first gaseous composition.
In certain embodiments, the step of decreasing diameter of the bub- bles is carried out with a nano bubble device 2 providing bubbles having a diameter less than 100 nm or less than 180 nm. < 25 In certain embodiments, the step of decreasing diameter of the bub-
S bles is carried out with a nano bubble device 2 comprising any one of the following:
O pressurized dissolution device, a rotational flow device, a turbulent static mixer, an © ejector nozzle and an ultrasonic device and venturi device.
I In certain embodiments, the step of decreasing diameter of the bub- > 30 bles is carried out with a nano bubble device 2 comprising any one of the following: 3 pressurized dissolution device, a rotational flow device, a turbulent static mixer, an
X ejector nozzle and an ultrasonic device or venturi device, and the nano bubble de-
N vice 2 providing bubbles having a diameter less than 100 nm or less than 180 nm.
In certain embodiments, the method comprises decomposing the first gaseous composition G, and the second solid composition comprises molecules of the decomposed first gaseous composition G.
In certain embodiments, the method comprises decomposing the first gaseous com- position G, and the method comprises obtaining a third solid composition comprises molecules of the decomposed first gaseous composition G.
In certain embodiments, the method comprises decomposing the first gaseous composition G, and the method comprises obtaining a third solid composi- tion comprises carbon molecules of the decomposed first gaseous composition G.
In some embodiments, the method comprises composing a second solid composition with cavitation.
In other words, the method comprises composing a second solid com- position with nano bubbles.
In certain embodiments, the second solid composition being a metallic — crystal or quasicrystal.
In the context of this application, a composition may consist of one specific compound or different compounds.
In the context of this application, metallic means a substance or com- position or compound which comprises atoms of any metal.
In the context of this application, crystal means a crystal structure.
Crystal structure is a description of ordered arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in a crystalline material. Ordered structures occur from intrinsic nature of constituent particles to form symmetric patterns that repeat along the principal directions of three-dimensional space in matter. The smallest group of par- < 25 ticles in material that constitutes this repeating pattern is unit cell of the structure.
S The unit cell completely reflects symmetry and structure of entire crystal, which is
O built up by repetitive translation of unit cell along its principal axes. © Quasicrystal is a structure that is ordered but not periodic.
I A quasicrystalline pattern can continuously fill all available space, but it > 30 lacks translational symmetry. While crystals, according to the classical crystallo- 3 graphic restriction theorem, can possess only two-, three-, four-, and six-fold rota- 3 tional symmetries, the Bragg diffraction pattern of quasicrystals shows sharp peaks
N with other symmetry orders—for instance, five-fold.
Since the original discovery by Dan Shechtman, hundreds of quasicrystals have been reported and confirmed. Quasicrystals are found most often in aluminium al- loys (Al-Li-Cu, Al-Mn-Si, AI-Ni-Co, Al-Pd-Mn, Al-Cu-Fe, AI-Cu-V, etc.), but nu- merous other compositions are also known (Cd-Yb, Ti-Zr-Ni, Zn-Mg-Ho, 2Zn-Mg-
Sc, In-Ag-Yb, Pd-U-Si, etc.).[53]
Two types of guasicrystals are known. The first type, polygonal (dihedral) guasicrys- tals, have an axis of 8-, 10-, or 12-fold local symmetry (octagonal, decagonal, or do- decagonal guasicrystals, respectively). They are periodic along this axis and gua- — siperiodic in planes normal to it. The second type, icosahedral quasicrystals, are aperiodic in all directions. Icosahedral guasicrystals have a three-dimensional gua- siperiodic structure and possess fifteen 2-fold, ten 3-fold and six 5-fold axes in ac- cordance with their icosahedral symmetry.
Stable guasicrystals grown by slow cooling or casting with subseguent annealing, metastable guasicrystals prepared by melt spinning, and metastable quasicrystals formed by the crystallization of the amorphous phase.
Some quasicrystals have ceramic-like properties including high thermal and electrical resistance, hardness and brittleness, resistance to corrosion, and non- stick properties.
It has also found out that there are superconducting quasicrystals.
Quasicrystals may be used in several ways as disclosed in the follow- ing examples. Metallic quasicrystalline coatings can be applied by Thermal spraying or magnetron sputtering. A problem that must be resolved is the tendency for cracking due to the materials’ extreme brittleness. The cracking could be sup- < 25 pressed by reducing sample dimensions or coating thickness. Recent studies show
S typically brittle guasicrystals can exhibit remarkable ductility of over 50% strains at
O room temperature and sub-micrometer scales (<500 nm). A low-friction guasicrys- © tals as a coating for frying pans. Food did not stick to it as much as to stainless steel
I making the pan moderately non-stick and easy to clean; heat transfer and durability > 30 — were better than PTFE non-stick cookware and the pan was free from perfluorooc- 3 tanoic acid (PFOA); the surface was very hard, claimed to be ten times harder than 3 stainless steel, and not harmed by metal utensils or cleaning in a dishwasher; and
N the pan could withstand temperatures of 1,000 °C without harm. A precipitation- hardened stainless steel is produced that is strengthened by small guasicrystalline particles. It does not corrode and is extremely strong, suitable for razor blades and surgery instruments. The small quasicrystalline particles impede the motion of dislo- cation in the material. Quasicrystals were also being used to develop heat insula- tion, LEDs, diesel engines, and new materials that convert heat to electricity. Also, the low coefficient of friction and the hardness of some quasicrystalline materials, for example embedding particles in plastic to make strong, hard-wearing, low-fric- tion plastic gears. The low heat conductivity of some quasicrystals makes them good for heat insulating coatings. One of the special properties of quasicrystals is their smooth surface, which despite the irregular atomic structure, the surface of quasicrystals can be smooth and flat. Other potential applications include selective solar absorbers for power conversion, broad-wavelength reflectors, and bone repair and prostheses applications where biocompatibility, low friction and corrosion re- sistance are required
In certain embodiments, the method comprises a step of obtaining a — second gaseous composition, the second gaseous composition comprises molecules comprising oxygen atoms or hydrogen atoms. - the method comprises a step of obtaining a second liquid composition, the second liquid composition comprises molecules comprising oxygen atoms or hydrogen at- oms.
In certain embodiments, the method is carried out at a temperature up to 30 degrees C or 50 degrees C or 90 degrees C or 120 degrees C; or
In certain embodiments, the method is carried out at a temperature in the range of 5 degrees C - 30 degrees C.
In the context of this application, the method is carried out at a certain < 25 temperature means that an average temperature of the mixture is the said certain
S temperature.
O In certain embodiments, the radiation in the step of providing radiation © on the bubbles is electromagnetic radiation or acoustic radiation.
I - the radiation in the step of providing radiation on the bubbles comprises any com- > 30 bination of the following electromagnetic radiation: sun light, infrared, visible light 3 and ultraviolet light. 3 In certain embodiments, the method comprises a step of increasing
N water W.
Figure 2 shows schematically apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention.
The apparatus 100 comprises: a first inlet arrangement 1 arranged to provide the apparatus 100 with the first gaseous composition G, and arranged to form bubbles of the first gaseous composition G, a production vessel 3 arranged to receive the bubbles comprising the first gaseous composition G, and a radiation ar- rangement 4 arranged to provide radiation onto the bubbles of the first gaseous G composition having a decreased diameter.
The apparatus 100 comprises a liquid inlet arrangement 6 arranged to — provide the apparatus 100 with the first liquid composition L.
In certain embodiments, the apparatus comprises a nano bubble de- vice 2 arranged to decrease a diameter of the bubbles comprising the gaseous com- position G and the production vessel 3 is arranged to receive the bubbles compris- ing the first gaseous composition G having the decreased diameter.
In certain embodiments, the first inlet arrangement 1 is arranged to provide the bubbles with the catalyst.
In certain embodiments, the catalyst is provided in the liquid.
In certain embodiments, the apparatus comprises a catalyst feeding arrangement arranged to provide the apparatus with the catalyst.
In the context of this application, a catalyst means a composition or a substance or a compound that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without it- self undergoing any permanent chemical change.
In certain embodiments, the radiation arrangement 4 is arranged to irritate light. < 25 The light may comprise any combination of the following electromag-
S netic radiation: sun light, infrared, visible light and ultraviolet light.
O In certain embodiments, the radiation arrangement 4 is arranged to provide acous- @ tic radiation.
I In certain embodiments, the light comprises any combination of the following elec- > 30 tromagnetic radiation: sun light, infrared, visible light and ultraviolet light. the radia- 3 tion arrangement 4 is arranged to provide the production vessel 3 with sun light
N In certain embodiments, the apparatus comprises a gas recycling ar-
N rangement 7 arranged to recycle unreacted gas G1 from the production vessel 3 to the nano bubble device 2.
In certain embodiments, the gas recycling arrangement 7 comprises a gas recycling pump 70.
In certain embodiments, the gas recycling arrangement 7 comprises a gas recycling pipeline 71, the gas recycling pipeline 71 is arranged to connect a top part 72 of the production vessel 3 to the nano bubble device 2.
In certain embodiments, the top part 72 of the production vessel 3 comprises only gaseous compositions.
In certain embodiments, the apparatus comprises a liquid recycling ar- rangement 5 arranged to recycle liquid L1 from the production vessel 3 to the nano bubble device 2.
In certain embodiments, the liquid recycling arrangement 5 comprises a liquid recycling pipeline 52 arranged to connect the production vessel 3 to the nano bubble device 2, and the liquid recycling arrangement 5 comprises a liquid re- cycling pump 51 arranged to transfer liquid L1 from the production vessel 3 to the nano bubble device 2.
In certain embodiments, the apparatus 100 comprises a separating ar- rangement 8 arranged to obtain from the apparatus 100 any combination of the fol- lowing: a second liquid composition, a second gaseous composition, and a second solid composition.
In certain embodiments, the separating arrangement 8 comprises any of the following: a gravity settler; a centrifuge; hydrocyclones, e.g., conical, circulat- ing bed; a filter and a floatation device.
In certain embodiments, the separating arrangement 8 comprises a distillation device. < 25 Figure 3 shows schematically apparatus according to one embodiment
S of the present invention.
O This embodiment differs from the embodiment shown in figure 2 so © that the apparatus 100 comprises a vessel inlet arrangement 33 arranged to provide z the apparatus 100 with the first solid composition S1. > 30 It should be noted that the apparatus 100 may be arranged to carry 3 out any above disclosed embodiment of the method.
X The figure 4 shows one embodiment of a nano bubble device.
N In this embodiment, the nano bubble device 2 bases on a pressurized dissolution method. Liguid is pumped into the unit under pressure. By narrowing the diameter of the pipe, the speed of the incoming liquid flow is increased, which converts most of the pump pressure into dynamic pressure, thus reducing static pressure and air being suctioned through negative pressure. After the liquid and suctioned gas be- come saturated with bubbles, the liquid/gas flow is sent through a wider pipe to re- duce the speed of the flow, where dynamic pressure is converted back to static pressure and the process of pressurized dissolution of gas takes place. After the gas is completely dissolved into the liquid, the liquid/gas is ejected at once using atmos- pheric pressure, causing the liquid to become over-saturated, and massive ultra-fine nanobubbles are released. A nano bubble device 2 shown in figure 4 may be incor- porated with embodiments shown in figures 2 and 3.
It is to be understood that the above description and the accompany- ing Figures are only intended to teach the best way known to the inventors to make and use the invention. It will be apparent to a person skilled in the art that the in- ventive concept can be implemented in various ways. The above-described embodi- ments of the invention may thus be modified or varied, without departing from the invention, as appreciated by those skilled in the art in light of the above teachings.
It is therefore to be understood that the invention and its embodiments are not lim- ited to the examples described above but may vary within the scope of the claims. < 25
N
O
N
O
<Q 00
N
I
= 5 00
LO
+
N
O
N
Claims (16)
1. A method for producing a composition, characterized in that the method comprises: - providing a first liquid composition (L1), a first gaseous composition (G), and a first solid composition (S1), - producing a first mixture comprising the first solid composition (S1), the first liquid composition (L1) and bubbles comprising the first gaseous composition (G), - providing radiation on the bubbles, and - obtaining any combination of the following: a second liquid composition (L2), a second gaseous composition (G2), and a second solid composition (S2).
2. A method according to claim 1, characterizedin that: - the first gaseous composition (G) comprises molecules comprising carbon atoms; or - the first gaseous composition (G) comprises gaseous alkane; or - the first gaseous composition (G) comprises or consists of methane or carbon di- oxide; or - the first gaseous composition (G) comprises a waste gas.
3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterizedin that: - the first liguid composition (L1) comprises water. < 25 4. A method according to any one of claims 1to3, characterized in that: S - the first mixture comprises a catalyst. 3
© 5. A method according to any one of claims 1to4, characterizedin that z the method comprises: > 30 - a step of decreasing diameter of the bubbles comprising the first gaseous compo- 3 sition (G); or 3 - a step of decreasing diameter of the bubbles carried out with a nano bubble de- N vice (2) providing bubbles having a diameter less than 100 nm or less than 180 nm; or
- a step of decreasing diameter of the bubbles carried out with a nano bubble de- vice (2) comprising any one of the following: pressurized dissolution device, a rota- tional flow device, a turbulent static mixer, an ejector nozzle and an ultrasonic de- vice and venturi device; or - a step of decreasing diameter of the bubbles carried out with a nano bubble de- vice (2) comprising any one of the following: pressurized dissolution device, a rota- tional flow device, a turbulent static mixer, an ejector nozzle and an ultrasonic de- vice or venturi device, and the nano bubble device (2) providing bubbles having a diameter less than 100 nm or less than 180 nm.
6. A method according to any one of claims 1to5, characterized in that: - the method comprises a step of decomposing a substance of the first gaseous composition (G), and the second solid composition (S2) comprises molecules of the decomposed first gaseous composition (G); or - the method comprises decomposing a substance of the first gaseous composition (G), and the method comprises obtaining a third solid composition (S3) comprising molecules of the decomposed first gaseous composition (G); or - the method comprises decomposing a substance of the first gaseous composition (G), and the method comprises obtaining a third solid composition (S3) comprising — carbon molecules of the decomposed first gaseous composition (G).
7. A method according to any one of claims 1 to6, characterizedin that: - the method comprises composing a second solid composition (S2) with cavitation; or < 25 - the second solid composition (S2) being a crystal or a metallic crystal or guasicrys- S tal; or O - the method comprises a step of obtaining a second gaseous composition (G2), the © second gaseous composition (G2) comprises molecules comprising oxygen atoms or I hydrogen atoms; or > 30 -the method comprises a step of obtaining a second liquid composition (L2), the 3 second liquid composition (L2) comprises molecules comprising oxygen atoms or N hydrogen atoms. Al
8. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that:
- the method is carried out at a temperature up to 30 degrees C or 50 degrees C or 90 degrees C or 120 degrees C; or - the method is carried out at a temperature in the range of 5 degrees C - 30 de- grees C.
9. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: - the radiation in the step of providing radiation on the bubbles is electromagnetic radiation or acoustic radiation; or - the radiation in the step of providing radiation on the bubbles comprises any com- bination of the following electromagnetic radiation: sun light, infrared, visible light and ultraviolet light.
10. Apparatus (100) for producing a composition, characterizedin that the apparatus comprises: - a first inlet arrangement (1) arranged to provide the apparatus (100) with the first gaseous composition (G), and arranged to form bubbles comprising the first gase- ous composition (G), - a production vessel (3) arranged to receive the bubbles comprising the first gase- ous composition (G), and - a radiation arrangement (4) arranged to provide radiation.
11. Apparatus (100) according to claim 10, characterizedin that: - the apparatus comprises a nano bubble device (2) arranged to decrease a diame- ter of the bubbles comprising the first gaseous composition (G); or < 25 - the apparatus comprises a nano bubble device (2) arranged to decrease a diame- S ter of the bubbles comprising the first gaseous composition (G), and the radiation O arrangement (4) is arranged to provide radiation on the bubbles having the de- @ creased diameter. I > 30 12. Apparatus (100) according to claim 11, characterize din that: 3 - a first inlet arrangement (1) is arranged to provide the bubbles with the catalyst; N or N - the catalyst is provided in the liguid (L); or
- the apparatus comprises a catalyst feeding arrangement arranged to provide the apparatus with the catalyst.
13. Apparatus (100) according to any one of claim 10 to 12, characterized in that: - the radiation arrangement (4) is arranged to irritate light; or - the radiation arrangement (4) is arranged to provide acoustic radiation; or - the radiation arrangement (4) is arranged to provide the production vessel (3) with sun light.
14. Apparatus (100) according to any one of claims 10 to 13, characterize d in that: - the apparatus comprises a gas recycling arrangement (7) arranged to recycle unreacted gas (G1) from the production vessel (3) to the nano bubble de- — vice (2); or - the apparatus comprises a liguid recycling arrangement (5) arranged to recycle liguid (L1) from the production vessel (3) to the nano bubble device (2); or - the apparatus comprises a gas recycling arrangement (7) arranged to recycle unreacted gas (G1) from the production vessel (3) to the nano bubble de- vice (2), and a liquid recycling arrangement (5) arranged to recycle liquid (L1) from the production vessel (3) to the nano bubble device (2).
15. Apparatus (100) according to any one of claims 10 to 14, characterize . 25 din that: S - the apparatus comprises a separating arrangement (8) arranged to O obtain from the apparatus (100) any combination of the following: a second liguid © composition (L2), a second gaseous composition (G2), and a second solid composi- E tion (S2). 3
16. Apparatus (100) according to any one of claims 10 to 15, characterize N d in that: N - the apparatus (100) is arranged to carry out the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FI20245841A FI20245841A1 (en) | 2024-06-28 | 2024-06-28 | Method and apparatus for producing a composition |
| PCT/FI2025/050363 WO2026003432A1 (en) | 2024-06-28 | 2025-06-26 | Method and apparatus for producing a composition |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FI20245841A FI20245841A1 (en) | 2024-06-28 | 2024-06-28 | Method and apparatus for producing a composition |
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| FI20245841A1 true FI20245841A1 (en) | 2025-12-29 |
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| FI20245841A FI20245841A1 (en) | 2024-06-28 | 2024-06-28 | Method and apparatus for producing a composition |
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| FI (1) | FI20245841A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2026003432A1 (en) |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101428924A (en) * | 2008-12-09 | 2009-05-13 | 江苏工业学院 | Treatment of wastewater from vitamin C production with reinforcement, catalysis and ozonization of physical means |
| US9169135B2 (en) * | 2010-09-03 | 2015-10-27 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Method and apparatus for hydrolyzing organic solid |
| CN110841471A (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2020-02-28 | 南京浩普环境科技有限公司 | Integrated multi-medium catalytic waste gas treatment device and use method thereof |
| US20240091758A1 (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2024-03-21 | Oxford University Innovation Limited | Catalytic cavitation-inducing agents for sonochemistry |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2009024976A2 (en) * | 2007-08-20 | 2009-02-26 | Do-Coop Technologies Ltd. | Enriched nanostructure composition |
| KR20160098189A (en) * | 2013-10-14 | 2016-08-18 | 콜드하버 마린 리미티드 | Apparatus and method using ultrasounds for gas conversion |
| KR102341186B1 (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2021-12-21 | 퍼포먼스 나노카본, 아이엔씨. | In situ production and functionalization of carbon materials via gas-liquid mass transfer and their use |
-
2024
- 2024-06-28 FI FI20245841A patent/FI20245841A1/en unknown
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101428924A (en) * | 2008-12-09 | 2009-05-13 | 江苏工业学院 | Treatment of wastewater from vitamin C production with reinforcement, catalysis and ozonization of physical means |
| US9169135B2 (en) * | 2010-09-03 | 2015-10-27 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Method and apparatus for hydrolyzing organic solid |
| CN110841471A (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2020-02-28 | 南京浩普环境科技有限公司 | Integrated multi-medium catalytic waste gas treatment device and use method thereof |
| US20240091758A1 (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2024-03-21 | Oxford University Innovation Limited | Catalytic cavitation-inducing agents for sonochemistry |
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