ES2410261B1 - PROCEDURE FOR RECYCLING AND ASSESSMENT OF ORGANIC WASTE PRODUCED IN KITCHENS IN NEIGHBORHOOD COMMUNITIES, BY PREFABRICATED BIOGAS PLANTS TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY AND PAYMENT. - Google Patents

Abstract

Procedure for recycling and valuation of organic waste produced in kitchens in neighboring communities through prefabricated biogas plants to produce electricity and fertilizer and heat water. The waste is crushed in a disposer disposed in the sinks of the kitchens conducted through a network separated from the faecal network to a biogas production plant formed by digesters in which biogas is produced as a result of anaerobic digestion. Safety and control mechanisms, a biogas consumer, a biogas tank and a place for the deposition of inert material resulting from biodigestion are available. This material can be used as fertilizer. Optionally the waste will come from gardens. Biogas is consumed in the consumer, and is used for the production of electrical, mechanical or water heating.

Description

Procedure for recycling and recovery of organic waste produced in kitchens in neighboring communities, through prefabricated biogas plants to produce electricity and fertilizer.

The invention relates to a process, as well as a device for recycling and recovery of all organic waste produced in the kitchens of homes in neighboring communities.

Technical Sector

The invention falls within the field of urban waste recycling and renewable energy

State of the Art

The MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, RURAL AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT, in its SPANISH STRATEGY FOR REDUCTION OF BIODEGRADABLE WASTE DESTINED TO THE LANDSCAPES on February 22, 2007 says:

"INTRODUCTION

According to article 5 of Royal Decree 1481/2001, of December 27, which regulates the disposal of waste through landfill, the General State Administration and the Autonomous Communities must develop a joint program of actions to reduce waste Biodegradable destined for landfill. This program must include measures to achieve the specific objectives that biodegradable urban waste includes in article 5.2. of the aforementioned Royal Decree, in particular through recycling, composting and other forms of recovery such as biogas production through anaerobic digestion.

This document constitutes the Spanish Strategy for the Reduction of the Quantity of Biodegradable Waste Destined for Landfills and will be applied to biodegradable waste destined for landfill.

1. SCOPE OF APPLICATION OF THE STRATEGY

Biodegradable waste means all waste that, in conditions of dumping, can be decomposed aerobically or anaerobically, such as food and garden waste, paper and cardboard (definition included in article 2 of Royal Decree 1481/2001 , of December 27, which regulates the disposal of waste through landfill deposit).

Apart from the residues cited by way of example in the previous definition, there are many other types that, with greater or lesser speed, are also susceptible to biological degradation under the conditions of discharge. The single annex to this document lists those residues that, in principle, should be considered as potentially biodegradable under discharge conditions, and which, in the future, and as information becomes available, will be included in the Strategy.

This document focuses mainly on urban waste, in order to verify compliance with the reduction objectives included in article 5.2. of Royal Decree 1481/2001, of December 27, which regulates the disposal of waste by landfill. Second, it refers generically to the measures or actions that are being put in place to reduce the discharge of sewage sludge and agricultural waste.

Article 5.2., Of Royal Decree 1481/2001, states that the following objectives must be achieved:

a) no later than July 16, 2006, the total amount (by weight) of biodegradable urban waste destined for landfill shall not exceed 75% of the total amount of biodegradable urban waste generated in 1995, 784

b) no later than July 16, 2009, the total amount (by weight) of biodegradable urban waste destined for landfill shall not exceed 50% of the total amount of biodegradable urban waste generated in 1995,

c) by July 16, 2016, the total amount (by weight) of biodegradable urban waste destined for landfill shall not exceed 35% of the total amount of biodegradable urban waste generated in 1995.

2. REASONS THAT ADVISE NOT TO DEPOSIT BIODEGRADABLE WASTE IN THE LANDSCAPES

The reasons for the diversion of biodegradable waste from landfills towards recovery are the following:

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a) Avoid the negative impacts that its discharge causes in the environment.

b) Value waste that has a high recycling potential and a possible beneficial use in agriculture or soil improvement.

The possible negative impacts of biodegradable waste in a landfill, from the point of view of its environmental significance, could be grouped into two categories:

• Those with a more direct environmental impact, whose ecological consequences can manifest themselves in a deferred way in time or space, and therefore often pose a burden on society as a whole:

-

 leachate emission

-

 gas emission

-

 instabilities and settlements of the waste mass

• Other impacts that affect not only the natural environment but also the social groups:

-

 odors, dirt, attraction of animals and insects

-

 occupation of a space that, frequently, will not support other later uses

-

 landscape impact

These impacts, which gain in incidence as human settlements grow in size and density, can and should be avoided with proper territorial planning and, especially, with good design and proper exploitation of the landfill

In general, all these impacts are related and are aggravated as the biodegradable fraction in the mass of waste increases.

In relation to the emission of leachate, it should be clarified that, in addition to the type of waste discharged, the amount of leachate emitted from a landfill depends largely on the average rainfall and evapotranspiration existing at the site. Thus, in wetlands, the generation of leachate can range between 15% and 25% of the average rainfall. In dry areas the leachate generation is much smaller.

The absence of leachate, contrary to what one might think, is not a positive indication of the operation of the landfill. Rapid degradation of organic matter only occurs if two conditions are available: temperature in the range 25-40 ° C and humidity. The lack of water can cause the processes to be inhibited resulting in the organic matter remaining without degrading in the landfill for many years.

Landfills with biodegradable waste generate leachate whose characteristics vary depending on their age. In general, these are leachates that initially have acidic pH (although over time years tend to unbalance pH), they have very high rates of BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) and COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), and may contain a high number of hazardous pollutants, when mobilized by dissolution due to their acidic pH.

Leachates with these characteristics, if not collected in a controlled manner, are a potential source of contamination for surface, underground and soil waters around the landfill, due to their high potential for ecotoxicity.

Even in the case of their collection in a controlled manner, they require very expensive treatments in general to be able to comply with the limits of discharge to channels imposed by water legislation.

Regarding the emission of gases, the degradation in anaerobic conditions (typical of current landfills) of the organic matter contained in biodegradable waste, generates the so-called "landfill gas" or "biogas" in significant quantities

Although the composition of the biogas depends on the age of the landfill, it is estimated that the average concentrations of the gases generated are as follows:

-

55% methane (CH4)

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44% CO2

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 1% other chemical compounds (hydrogen sulphide, mercaptans, etc.).

Under laboratory conditions 1 ton of mixed urban waste (whose content in organic matter quickly biodegradable as an average in Spain, is 45% by weight), can produce 150 to 250 cubic meters of biogas. Under normal conditions, it is not expected to be able to recover more than 80 or 100 cubic meters per ton, throughout the life of the landfill, and this through the use of complex design and exploitation technologies and only viable in large landfills. Thus, inevitably, and in the best case, about 100 cubic meters of biogas for each ton of waste will escape into the atmosphere.

Landfill gas has a lower calorific value (pci) of 5,000 kcal / m3, that is to say a cubic meter of biogas has a calorific value equivalent to 0.6 cubic meters of natural gas. It is explosive in concentrations in the air between 5% and 15% by volume.

Apart from being a source of energy that should be exploited and a risk that must be avoided, collecting it and at least burning it, its most important negative environmental effects have to do with the phenomenon of global warming of the Earth's atmosphere (climate change).

Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas: one m3 of methane has the same effect as 23 m3 of CO2.

In Spain, 35% of the methane generated comes from landfills, and represents about 5% of the total greenhouse gases. m. In this sense, although its contribution to the emission of greenhouse gases is small compared to other sources (such as livestock or rice cultivation), its reduction in landfills would help achieve the objective set for Spain under the Protocol from Kyoto.

To avoid the emission of landfill gases, it is necessary to submit the biodegradable fraction of the waste either to direct recycling treatments (e.g. paper and cardboard recycling), to aerobic degradation treatments (e.g. composting), to Anaerobic degradation treatments (e.g., biomethanization, or controlled anaerobic digestion with recovery of the generated biogas) or to oxidation treatments (e.g., incineration, gasification or pyrolysis).

Among other important negative effects of biodegradable waste in landfills, it is worth highlighting the instability they cause in the mass of deposited waste. In its degradation process, organic matter undergoes volume variations that are reflected in large settlements of the mass of waste, which can greatly hinder the final closure works of the landfill, especially if some subsequent use of the space occupied by East.

Waste with high organic matter content usually has low density, and in conditions of saturation of humidity can lead to dangerous situations as a result of its low internal friction angle, which can cause dangerous landslides of the mass of waste discharged.

On the other hand, landfill gas can cause the displacement of oxygen in the substrate in which it is intended to settle new vegetation in the closing works, preventing any plant growth.

Finally, the environmental problem that uncontrolled burning of the mass of waste involves the emission of a series of toxic compounds (dioxins, volatile organic compounds, etc.) should be mentioned.

Regarding the potential for recovery of biodegradable waste, it is necessary to distinguish between paper and cardboard waste, textiles, etc., which can be recycled or at least take advantage of its energy content, from biodegradable waste with possible use in agriculture or in soil improvement. The organic matter contained in biodegradable waste, conveniently selected at source and treated to achieve adequate mineralization by eliminating the pathogens that it may contain, is a matter that can be used as an agricultural fertilizer or as an amendment and in soil improvement, some of the that a country like Spain with a high deficit in organic matter in its soils cannot do without, especially if we take into account that the order of 20% of its surface has a high risk of desertification.

3. RB GENERATION AND RUB VERTIDO ECOLOGICAL REDUCTION OBJECTIVES 3.1. GENERATION OF BIODEGRADABLE URBAN RESIDUES (RUB)

E / MMA and EUROSTAT estimated that in 1995 11,633,000 tons of RUB (78% of the MSWs) were generated in Spain.

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In the I National Urban Waste Plan (I PNRU) it was estimated that in 1996 44.06% of the 17,175,186 t of urban waste generated were organic matter (7,567,387 t), 21.18% paper / cardboard (3,637,704 t), 0.96% wood (164,882), leaving a remainder of "Other waste" of 12.17% (2,090,220 t), part of which are RUB for the purposes of this strategy (fabrics , etc).

3.2. REDUCTION OBJECTIVES

Taking as the base year that of 1995, according to RD 1481/2001, the maximum percentages of RUB that may be deposited in landfills in the period 2006-2016, are the following, with respect to 1995:

Year Maximum amount of RUB authorized to landfill (t)

2006

75% 8,724,750

2009

50% 5,816,500

2016

35% 4,071,550

[...]

7. CRITERIA TO APPLY TO REDUCE THE RUB VERTIDO 7.1 Prevention

Although it is not in itself an alternative treatment, this Strategy on reduction of the deposit in RUB landfills must necessarily consider first the prevention of this type of waste, since it is the first priority in the scale of hierarchy that includes our law 10/1998, of Waste.

There are two reasons that justify it. The first is that the Strategy is framed within a legal and policy scheme on waste in which the emphasis is placed on the preventive aspect. The second reason derives from the fact that, although in some sectors it has gained in efficiency (as for example in the industrial one), in the sense that less waste is generated per unit produced, the total amount of waste generated in Spain continues to increase at an unstoppable pace in many other sectors and activities. With the current growth rates in the generation of waste and taking into account that a legal limitation to the discharge of biodegradable products has been established by reference to a percentage of the amount generated in 1995, a strategy based solely on the construction of facilities would not suffice of treatment. It is necessary to address the aspect of prevention, understanding this as the set of measures aimed at preventing the generation of waste or achieving its reduction, or that of the amount of hazardous substances or contaminants present in them (Law 10/1998, on Waste) . The ongoing work for the revision of the EU Waste Framework Directive will probably lead to some improvements that will have positive consequences in terms of reducing the discharge of RB.

For the generated RB, valuation should be prioritized, which includes any procedure that allows the use of the resources contained in them.

Within it, recycling can be identified, consisting of the transformation of waste into a production process for its initial purpose or for other purposes, including composting and biomethanization. The next option, according to the hierarchy principle, is energy recovery (incineration, gasification, pyrolysis, etc.).

Among the disposal treatments, alternative to the landfill deposit, two can be identified: the disposal in facilities specifically dedicated to the incineration (including gasification, pyrolysis, etc.) of waste, and the pre-discharge treatment (`` mechanical-biological treatment ", physical-chemical treatments) to the extent that its objective is to reduce the biodegradation capacity of waste.

In this section of the Strategy, the above alternatives are briefly analyzed, identifying their advantages and disadvantages both from a technical and economic point of view, the requirements to increase their effectiveness in the collection and transport phases and in the use of the products / residues obtained from the treatments, as well as the specific circumstances of Spain that condition the establishment of priorities in the election of some or other alternatives.

7.2 Composting

The treatment options to which the BRs can be assigned depend largely on the way in which their collection is carried out.

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Thus, to obtain quality compost through aerobic digestion processes in an installation that works with acceptable yields, it is necessary that the feeding to these plants comes from the selective collection of RB with sufficient cleaning and absence of contaminants. In addition to the most biodegradable waste (such as kitchen or garden waste, for example) it is necessary to add waste that gives structure to the dough to be composted (for example, chips).

This means investing resources in selective collection for this purpose and public awareness and education.

On the other hand, sufficient information should be available on the quality attainable by the compost and other products obtained at the plant and, therefore, from the destination markets that will be demanding of those products within the scope of the plant.

Average performance ratios that can be obtained in a composting process are:

•

 Compost production: 40-50% (by weight) of the amount of incoming RB in the plant (provided that the waste entering the plant comes from selective collection)

•

 Carbon degradation: 50% (by weight) in compost 50% in air

Composting at home or in small communities.- This alternative depends on the availability of surface in which to use the compost produced. Assuming that a 50% collection and treatment ratio of the generated RBs is reached, it would take the order of 5 m2 of surface area per person, to avoid over-fertilization with N and P.

One of the advantages of this composting alternative is that it reduces the need for collection and transport over long distances, apart from that it can be better adapted to local needs and involves citizens in the problem of managing their own waste, which has a beneficial effect on citizen awareness regarding the problem of waste in general.

It is necessary to evaluate what is the scope in volume of this treatment alternative with respect to the total biodegradable waste generated, which in any case will be moderated. This alternative is well adapted to rural areas and to a type of urbanization that, although it is increasingly present in Spain (single-family homes with gardens in extended urban centers), is not predominant. The most frequent type of urban planning in Spain there is day, in height and with a high household concentration and with few available spaces, typical of increasingly densely populated urban and peri-urban areas, it does not lend itself to this model, being necessary to go to large facilities Centralized composting.

7.3. Biomethanization

Biomethanization consists of anaerobic digestion. The result of this operation consists of biogas (mainly carbon dioxide and methane), which can be used to generate energy through combustion, as well as a semi-solid phase called digestate.

The digestate, subjected to additional treatment (usually composting), can then be used in agriculture. If it meets certain pollution and sanitation requirements, it could also be applied directly to the ground.

Other possible uses of digestate, depending on its better or worse quality, are applications as landfill cover material.

The quality of the waste that is destined for biomethanization has a great influence on the efficiency of the operation, as well as on the quality of the resulting digestate. The following types of waste, among others, could be directed to biomethanization:

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 food waste

-

sewage sludge

-

 waste from the agri-food industry

-

estuary

-

slurry

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Biomethanization is indicated for residues with a high moisture content (60-99% humidity), unlike composting that requires residues with less humidity. On the contrary, woody residues, which contain a high content of lignocellulose, are not suitable for biomethanization, and instead are suitable for composting.

7.4. Waste paper recycling

The recycling of newspaper and magazine paper in the manufacture of new paper is mostly accepted as a priority option compared to its energy recovery or its incineration with energy recovery.

Used paper can be recycled for other purposes (besides the manufacture of new paper), such as.

-

 manufacture of paper / cardboard containers

-

 manufacture of sound insulation products

7.5. Heat treatments

It is about energy recovery in all its variants: incineration with energy recovery, gasification, pyrolysis, plasma. This method of recovery allows to obtain heat or electrical energy, with the consequent saving of fuels, which can mean a reduction in CO2 emissions.

8. ENMARCHA OR EXPECTED ACTIONS THAT HAVE ANY INCIDENCE IN THIS STRATEGY DEREDUCCIÓNDE VERTIDO DE RUB.

Many of the Plans, Programs and Strategies implemented in Spain in recent years have consequences from the point of view of reducing the discharge of RUB. The most important are the following:

• National, regional and local waste plans:

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 PNRU + Autonomous Plans + Plans of Local Entities

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 Sewage Sludge NP + Autonomous Plans + Local Plans

• Business plans:

-

 Business plans for the prevention of packaging and packaging waste

•

 Spanish strategy on climate change

•

 Spanish strategy on soil protection

•

 Possible Community Directive on biological treatment of biodegradable waste

•

 Sector strategies and plans and legislation:

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 Agriculture and Livestock

-

 Forestry

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 Agricultural and agri-food industries

-

 tourism

9. GENERIC MEASURES TO BE DEVELOPED IN APPLICATION OF THIS STRATEGY

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 Establishment of criteria for admission of RB in landfill, as well as criteria for pre-discharge treatment (stabilization of RB).

-

Improve information about RUBs. It is considered necessary to improve the information available in relation to the production and management of RUBs, and, in particular, their discharge. Efforts should be made in the measurement of waste discharged and in the determination of its composition. The measurement, or failing that, the estimate of the

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Reductions achieved through treatments are of the utmost interest in order to achieve the objectives of the strategy.

In the treatment centers (ecoparks or similar) in which anaerobic composting and digestion operations are carried out, selective collection and mixed collection waste, a specific protocol must be established to clearly identify the routes in a way that allows monitoring of the flow of waste in the installation, the reduction achieved and the amount of RB discharged.

-

 Boosting the implementation of the selective collection of organic fraction and the waste from parks and gardens,

-

 Increase in the quantity and efficiency of selective collections of paper and cardboard, wood and biodegradable containers.

-

Boosting recycling of selectively collected biodegradable materials. Goal setting

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Economic measures

Quantification of discharge costs: it is necessary to make progress on the impact of the actual cost of the discharge, as required by Spanish and EU legislation. This is an effective measure for the reduction of spillage and prior to the implementation of other reduction measures.

Study of the possible establishment of a fee to penalize the spillage, in which the spillage of valued wastes could be discriminated against those that are not. The recommendation could be used to promote recovery.

-

Biodegradability Index It is necessary to include a parameter to determine the biodegradability of the waste discharged and to count as non-biodegradable waste those treaties whose biodegradation potential is invaluable.

-

Prevention measures: for biodegradable containers, according to the legislation on packaging (business prevention plans).

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 Promote the implementation of domestic and community composting and evaluate the scope of this initiative, taking into account that it may have more educational impact than a significant withdrawal of the RB discharge.

-

 Educational and dissemination measures: Campaigns to promote the selective collection of paper-cardboard, wood, green waste and organic fraction.

10. CONCRETE MEASURES CONTAINED IN THE II NATIONAL URBAN WASTE PLAN

PREVENTION

•

 Adoption of methodologies for the characterization of the RU. The Ministry of Environment, in collaboration with the Autonomous Communities and Local Entities, will propose a methodology before 2009.

RECYCLING

•

 Boosting selective collection of RU. Addition to the Law 10/1998, on Waste, of an explicit definition of the term '' selective collection ', in which the minimum fractions to be specified are specified: paper / cardboard, glass, containers, household hazardous waste and rest in certain cases or conditions, also the organic fraction.

Generalization to all Spanish municipalities of the obligation of selective collection before 2012.

•

 Development and implementation of the Spanish strategy for reducing biodegradable waste discharges. Among others, the following initiatives will be implemented:

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 Establishment of homogeneous criteria on biodegradable waste: development of a standardized statistical system that allows the control of its generation and management.

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 Proposal of alternative logistics models to improve the efficiency of selective collection of the UK, including the possibility of requiring them through municipal ordinances or technical tender documents for tenders for UK collection contracts.

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 Proposal to include the organic fraction of the UK among those of compulsory selective collection, at least in certain populations and for certain organic waste (pruning remains, garden waste, etc.)

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 Establishment of qualitative and quantitative objectives for biodegradable waste.

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 Expansion of the pilot management programs for this waste.

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•

 Adoption of a Spanish standard on selective collection of the organic fraction, biological treatment and production of quality compost. The Ministry of Environment, in collaboration with the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food and the Autonomous Communities will propose it before 2010.

•

 Preparation and approval of an agronomic quality standard for compost.

Promotion of its use by administrations and private entities in agricultural, forestry, gardening and restoration activities in areas affected by works.

•

 Voluntary agreements with the different sectors and organizations to promote the selective collection of certain fractions of the UK, especially the organic fraction in cases where it is not mandatory. Continuation and expansion of domestic composting promotion programs.

•

 Adoption of a program to promote agricultural use of quality compost, at the proposal of the Ministries of Environment and Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, before 2010.

•

 Development of technical works aimed at optimizing the ecological performance of the composting and biodigestion plants available. These works will be carried out in collaboration with specialized technological institutes and university departments. Application and implementation of the conclusions reached in these works. The Ministry of Environment will continue with its program of collaboration with the National Institute of Agricultural Research (INIA), CEDEX and the Polytechnic University of Valencia for the development of projects for this purpose.

•

 Proposal of measures to create demand and secondary markets for materials manufactured with products from the UK recycling. Development of a quality compost utilization program by publicly owned entities in agricultural, forestry, gardening, restoration of areas affected by public works, etc. Geographic inventory of organic waste streams and soil carbon deficits. The Ministry of Environment, in collaboration with the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food and the Autonomous Communities, will prepare it before 2011.

•

 Creation of the National Composting Center.

ENERGY VALUATION

•

 Characterization of the rest or rejection fraction of the RUs destined for energy recovery, before 2010. The Ministry of Environment, in collaboration with the Autonomous Communities, will carry out studies for this purpose.

ELIMINATION

•

 Adoption of methodologies for the characterization of the rest fractions or rejections of RU destined to elimination. Characterization of these fractions. Comparative environmental analysis and environmental impact of the management modalities of the rest fraction. The Ministry of Environment, in collaboration with the Autonomous Communities, will propose them before 2011.

•

 Adoption of an economic instrument that penalizes the dumping of waste, especially those that can be recovered. The Ministry of Environment, in collaboration with the Ministry of Economy and Finance, will propose it before 2012.

HORIZONTAL CHARACTER MEASURES

•

 Development of pilot experiences aimed at improving selective collection and treatment of UK.

•

 Voluntary agreements between the Ministry of Environment, the Autonomous Communities and the local Entities for the promotion of the prevention of UR, domestic composting, selective collection and awareness and training campaigns.

•

 These instruments are intended to achieve the following prevention and recycling objectives: PREVENTION

•

 Decrease in 60%, by weight, of the discharge of biodegradable organic matter from the year 2009, and of 70%, by weight from the year 20152. Implementation of the selective collection of the organic fraction of the UK in the populations of more than 100,000 inhabitants as of 2009. Selective collection and composting of green waste, both of public and private origin, as of 2009.

RECYCLING

•

 Valorization of the following percentages of the organic fraction of urban waste from the years indicated (%):

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  2009 2012

(one)

(2) (1) (2) Composting 10 50 50 30 Biomethanization and other similar techniques 5 10

(one)

 From selective collection of the organic fraction of RU and green waste

(2)

 From the UK without selective collection of the organic fraction "

The problem to be solved with this procedure is to eliminate the spillage, as well as the separate treatment of organic waste produced in kitchens, in accordance with the Strategy proposed by the Ministry of Environment, and the Directives of the European Union .

Additionally, the recovery of these wastes is proposed through the generation of electrical energy from renewable energy sources.

Once the guidelines expressed in the previous Strategy have been analyzed, it is decided to eliminate the organic waste produced in the kitchens through their biomethanisation.

After analyzing the facilities through which biodigestion of organic waste is carried out, it is decided to use prefabricated Biogas plants, together with generators that produce electricity, which is finally reverted to the public network.

For the biodigestion of the waste produced in the kitchens, a process is chosen that consists of: crushing the organic matter in the production center (kitchens).

Subsequently, the waste is transferred through pipes through an independent network to that of faeces, to a prefabricated biogas production plant.

The gas produced is stored in tanks designed for this purpose, to later be burned by an electricity generator, which is properly introduced into the public network.

In FIGURE 1 attached, the operation of the invention is schematically represented, consisting of the following elements:

-

Organic waste disposer in each of the community kitchens (1)

-

Separate network of sink wastes (2) from kitchens independent of the faecal network (3) from homes

-

Storage tank and pre-treatment of waste (6) (in community facilities) Valve to pour excess water (7) to the faecal network (3)

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Prefabricated biogas plant (4), which is schematically represented by:

-

Food of the digester

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Biodigester (waste treatment center and producer of BIOGAS) (8)

-

Biogas Storage (9)

-

Digestate collection systems (fertilizer effluent) (10)

-

Biogas electricity generator (5)

-

Gas excess burner (11)

-

Adapter to introduce the electricity generated in the Network

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Security systems The present invention is illustrated by the following example, which is not intended to limit its scope: Community of Neighbors No. of dwellings 50 No. of inhabitants 2.3 hab / dwelling Production of organic waste (RUB) 632 g / inhabitant and day (MSW: 1,567 kg / hab and 44% organic day - Ministerio

Environment - Madrid) Water consumption in the kitchen 2.65 m3 / day (165 l / hab and day sup. 14% consumption of the sink). Prefabricated biodigester of 40 m3. Biogas production would be 40 m3 / day. Electricity production would be 28651 kWh / year, which would be equivalent to a 3.2 kW power plant running 24

hours a day. They would have avoided sending 26,539 kg of waste to the landfill. 13,270 kg of fertilizer would have been generated. Additionally, through the sale of the electricity produced, the investment would be amortized in a few years.

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Claims (8)

1. Procedure for recycling and recovery of organic waste produced in kitchens in neighboring communities, through prefabricated biogas plants to produce electricity and fertilizer, comprising the following stages:

-

Crushing of all organic waste produced in each of the kitchens that make up the neighborhood community.

-

Transportation of all organic waste produced in the kitchens through a separate network, independent of the building's faecal network.

-

Previous storage of biomass.

-

Anaerobic digestion of waste through a prefabricated plant that produces biogas.

-

Proper treatment of digestate to produce fertilizer.

-

Production of electric energy by burning biogas thanks to an electric generator.

-

Process automation

-

Control through security systems throughout the process.

2.

 The procedure for recycling and recovery of organic waste produced in kitchens in neighboring communities, using prefabricated biogas plants to produce electricity and fertilizer, according to claim 1, is characterized in that the organic waste disposer installed in the kitchen has a dispenser of the precise amount of water that makes digestion and transport of waste compatible.

3.

 The procedure for recycling and recovery of organic waste produced in kitchens in neighboring communities, by means of prefabricated biogas plants to produce electricity and fertilizer, according to claim 1, is characterized in that the crushed waste transport network together with water, is independent of the building's faecal network, and is common to all homes in the building.

Four.

 The procedure for recycling and recovery of organic waste produced in kitchens in neighboring communities, by means of prefabricated biogas plants to produce electricity and fertilizer, according to claims 1, is characterized in that the waste is transformed, by means of a prefabricated biodigester in two stages, in biogas.

5.

 The procedure for recycling and recovery of organic waste produced in kitchens in neighboring communities, using prefabricated biogas plants to produce electricity and fertilizer, according to claims 1, is characterized in that a digestate is produced that can be used as Fertilizer in the home itself.

6.

 The procedure for recycling and recovery of organic waste produced in kitchens in neighboring communities, using prefabricated biogas plants to produce electricity and fertilizer, according to claim 1, is characterized in that the system will automatically control the amount of waste, pH, temperature, pressure, biogas and electricity production, being able to act on the system.

7.

 The procedure for recycling and recovery of organic waste produced in kitchens in neighboring communities, using prefabricated biogas plants to produce electricity and fertilizer, according to claim 1, is characterized in that the entire system is protected by safety devices against excess pressure and flame arrester.

ES 2 410 261 A1 SPANISH OFFICE OF THE PATENTS AND BRAND Application no .: 200900646 SPAIN Date of submission of the application: 12.27.2011 Priority Date: REPORT ON THE STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE 51 Int. Cl.: See Additional Sheet RELEVANT DOCUMENTS

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TO

DE 4446661 C1 (B.A.N.S BIOLOG ABFALL) 08.02.1996, summary & figures of the WPI database. Recovered from EPOQUE AN 1996-088526. 1-7

TO

WO 0206439 A2 (BEKON) 24.01.2002, the whole document. 1-7

Category of the documents cited X: of particular relevance Y: of particular relevance combined with other / s of the same category A: reflects the state of the art O: refers to unwritten disclosure P: published between the priority date and the date of priority submission of the application E: previous document, but published after the date of submission of the application

This report has been prepared • for all claims • for claims no:

Date of realization of the report 13.09.2012

Examiner V. Anguiano Mañero Page 1/4

REPORT OF THE STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE Application number: 200900646 CLASSIFICATION OBJECT OF THE APPLICATION C02F3 / 28 (2006.01) C02F11 / 04 (2006.01) C12M1 / 107 (2006.01) Minimum documentation sought (classification system followed by classification symbols) C02F, C12M Electronic databases consulted during the search (name of the database and, if possible, terms of search used) INVENTIONS, EPODOC State of the Art Report Page 2/4 WRITTEN OPINION Application number: 200900646 Date of Written Opinion: 13.09.2012 Statement

Novelty (Art. 6.1 LP 11/1986)

Claims Claims 1-7 IF NOT

Inventive activity (Art. 8.1 LP11 / 1986)

Claims Claims 1-7 IF NOT

The application is considered to comply with the industrial application requirement. This requirement was evaluated during the formal and technical examination phase of the application (Article 31.2 Law 11/1986). Opinion Base.- This opinion has been made on the basis of the patent application as published. State of the Art Report Page 3/4 WRITTEN OPINION Application number: 200900646 1. Documents considered.- The documents belonging to the state of the art taken into consideration for the realization of this opinion are listed below.

Document

Publication or Identification Number publication date

D01

DE 19800900 A1 (BSBG BREMER SONDERABFALL) 07.15.1999

D02

JP 8024891 A (CHIYODA CHEM ENG CONSTRUCT CO.) 30.01.1996

D03

DE 102008002812 A1 (BILFINGER BERGER) 01.10.2009

D04

DE 4446661 C1 (B.A.N.S BIOLOG ABFALL) 08.02.1996

D05

WO 0206439 A2 (BEKON) 01/24/2002

2. Statement motivated according to articles 29.6 and 29.7 of the Regulations for the execution of Law 11/1986, of March 20, on Patents on novelty and inventive activity; quotes and explanations in support of this statement In view of what is indicated in the documents mentioned in the report on the state of the art, the use of the recycling procedure is a technique known and disclosed in said documents, being in principle obvious to an expert in the field and not complying with the requirement of inventive activity indicated in article 8 of Law 11/1986 on Patents. State of the Art Report Page 4/4