ES2322525B1 - BRICK SEEN TO VENTILATE. - Google Patents

Abstract

Brick seen to ventilate.

Brick seen having a structure typical of cells and interior partitions has a system of holes that cross it from side to side, communicating two faces opposite of the brick, a visible face and its parallel, so that the passage of air through the brick is open to ventilate the inner air chamber of the enclosure wall of the built building.

Description

Brick seen to ventilate.

Object of the invention

The present invention consists of a brick of employees under construction, for preferential use as element of the exterior enclosures of buildings or brick seen from the facade, although it is also applicable to any other type of brick, block or similar construction part, provided it is seen material.

But it is a brick that has a system of air intakes and ducts that allow you to ventilate, so autonomous, the air chamber inside the enclosure wall of a building, without the need, therefore, to have to execute special form its installation and without requiring the use of others complementary elements or systems.

Background of the invention

The bricks to install seen on the facade they are pieces that have traditionally offered the work a Technical consistency very interesting. They have a resistance mechanical and important environmental exposure, its properties over time and have an aesthetic with a lot rooted in architectural and multi tastes possibilities.

Its facade installation is done in combination with other elements, executing several layers with different functions. Thus, the formation of a closing wall is common composed of an exterior sheet of exposed brick, another sheet or sheet of synthetic material and a third sheet, inside the local, made of brick and plaster (or mortar) or made with prefabricated plasterboards. And between the first and second sheets, that would be slightly separated, an air chamber.

The first of the sheets has the function of protection of the building against inclement weather, In addition to offering the aesthetics of the building. The second sheet has The mission of thermally insulating. The third sheet offers the finish interior, as it is in contact with the useful and habitable space. And the air chamber, meanwhile, complements the other sheets as thermal and acoustic insulator but it also has the function main to solve the problems related to humidity and the harmful effects derived from it.

The bricks seen from the facade are installed with bonding mortar and between both materials a block is formed continuous and compact, air tight. But the air chamber indoor works best when ventilated, especially in areas wet or high rainfall, and if the outer closure is Continuing this possibility is not viable. In this way the running holes in the brick sheet to get ventilate the existing chamber behind him. The holes may consist in spaces between two bricks lacking mortar board or in prefabricated sockets and its execution is always done both in the upper part of the wall as in the lower part, so that natural convection, circulate the air inside the chamber and, with it, that the accumulated heat is released and the humidity is dried existing, preventing moisture from condensing inside.

Obviously, this way of making the façade forces an execution with a certain degree of complexity and, in many cases, forces the use of
complementary elements.

There are other types of bricks that allow facade ventilation (such as the one collected in the patent application number P-200402347) doing so,  even inside the brick itself. They do it leaving openings to the outside and allowing the air they take circulate through the many pieces that make up the facade. This ventilation, although it may prove effective, is Shallow, it is done inside the shadow brick and very close to the outside of the sheet, so that the transmission of moisture by The brick structure itself.

Fully effective ventilation should stand between the insulation sheet and the outer sheet, better than inside the outer sheet.

On the other hand, in constructive customs is running the facade by first lifting the sheet of brick seen. Once this is done, the brick is projected with polyurethane foam or similar, to then lift the inner sheet leaving an air chamber between it and the projected. This is done for convenience of execution and is a Very widespread system today. Obviously, the camera is thus on the internal side of the insulation (with respect to the interior of the building) and not abroad as would be the right thing to do.

The new brick seen to ventilate, object of This document has a design that gives solution to this problem of ventilating the air chamber, which reports large advantages to the construction of any type of building and all this without notable variations in the way of using a brick conventional.

Description of the invention

This brick seen to ventilate has a design that allows you to take the ambient air, from the outside of the building, and transmit it to the indoor air chamber of the enclosure.

Having a typical cell structure and Interior tabs have a few air intakes located, hidden from view, behind its outer face, inside the first row of longitudinal brick perforations. Thus, the brick offers a smooth external face to the facade, similar to that of Any other brick seen.

Once the outside air outlet is located, the Driving this air will occur through a game transversal of brick perforations, perforations than in this  case are narrower, enough for the mortar poured on the brick does not slip through them, and whose Internal partitions are drilled with holes that communicate the various transversal perforations until reaching the exterior of the brick, but this time by its internal face, the oriented towards the interior of the building and attached to the chamber of internal air of the enclosure.

In this way we find that the brick, after being installed with mortar, has a conduction of its own air, which crosses it transversely, communicating with it its two long faces. Thus, the wide air chamber that found next to the brick cloth, inside the enclosure, is communicated with the outside and with capacity to ventilate

The ventilation will be done by convection natural, not conducted along the vertical of the facade, but that individually in each of the pieces that the make up. The interior air of the chamber will be renewed at the moment that there is an air pressure differential with respect to the outside and this will occur at the time that the thermal conditions do not Be the same It is the principle of natural convection, but occurring in the whole of the facade and not in a conducted way.  The effectiveness of this system is superior to convection conducted as this works like a coil and, therefore, of non-homogeneous way, losing capacity as the air progresses by the duct With this new brick ventilation occurs in the whole of the facade, with a tendency to take the air by  shots of the lower brick and release it from the sockets (or exits in this case) from the bricks of upper courses.

The parameters of interest for ventilation effective are the air intake section per square meter of cloth and the air flow that occurs. And so that the ventilation has building effect also has to take into account the volume of the chamber and the surface of material in contact with the air contained in it. In the new brick the air intake section will be determined according to the technical needs of the work and with This is the flow of air that occurs.

The outside air intakes will be hidden, fundamentally for an aesthetic effect, but also for minimize your exposure to rainwater.

The air intakes can be made in various design solutions, adapting to the characteristics of the Different existing brick models.

In the bricks that have a small ventilated outer chamber (such as the patent with number of application P-200402347), the air intakes would depart from inside this chamber. In this case it is essential that the mortar line respect the openings of the chambers, not covering them, so as not to blind the air intakes. This will be possible in bricks of a large format, since otherwise the tendel It would be very narrow and possibly very weak and not viable.

In bricks seen in a smaller format, with in order not to have to alter the execution of the line regarding a conventional brick, the air intake will go on one side of the brick, so that it is located, protected, on the board vertical between two adjacent bricks of the same course. In this case, the recess that the bricks incorporate in their design to make the vertical mortar joint will go slightly delayed or set back, to be able to place the shot in front of he.

To make it compatible to make a sheet of insulation by spraying polyurethane on brick and that the chamber is facing outside the insulation, is defined a brick solution seen to ventilate that incorporates, to older, a set of cameras inside, adjacent to the face contrary to the long view face, wide enough and arranged throughout the length of the brick. Ventilation in this case will come to this chamber and thus the brick can be projected directly, applying the insulating material on it.

Description of the drawings

To complement the description that is being performing and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, are attached herein descriptive, as an integral part of it, some drawings in perspective where, for illustrative and non-limiting purposes, represented the following:

In figure 1 we see a brick seen for ventilate (1) standing on your face (2). In it we can appreciate a set of vertical perforations (3) of the brick, in transversal arrangement, very narrow, which have their partitions drilled by smaller holes. So, they have a hole (4) or hole through the central partition, another hole (5) that crosses the inside face of the brick, which will communicate with the inner air chamber of the enclosure, and one last hole (6) that communicates to the set of transversal perforations (3) with the exterior of the brick, just behind its face (2) and in one of its sides, in front of the recess (7) of the brick in the one that will execute the vertical joint of the brick. The last hole (6) described will be the one that acts as an air intake outside generating a conduction of air in the brick that It goes through completely.

In figure 2 we see two bricks seen for ventilate (1) lying down and turned 180 ° with respect to each other. He pictured on the left has its face seen (2) back and the  from the right forward. In them we can appreciate a vertical drilling (8) of the brick that runs practically the entire useful width of the brick (although it could be divided into a set of two perforations or more) and that is very narrow, so you don't  the mortar slips inside. This vertical perforation (8) It is connected to the chamber attached to the brick by a hole (5) that crosses the inner face of the brick, and outwards of the brick by a second hole (6) that will act as an outlet of air. This second hole (6) communicates with a camera (9) of external brick air, consisting of a new set of longitudinal perforations that will not be covered with mortar during the execution on site, so it is a camera (9) for which the air will circulate freely.

Figure 3 shows a section of the wall of complete enclosure with its different elements: the bricks seen to ventilate (1) in number of three, forming the leaf exterior, with its expensive views (2) backwards, towards the outside of the building; a sheet of synthetic material (10) that conforms the insulating sheet, resting on the bricks (1) on small ones heels (11) that incorporates (although it could be trailed) and that allow the creation of an air chamber (12) between these two first sheets described; and a third sheet (13) inwards of the premises consisting of a prefabricated plasterboard or Similary. In the bricks (1) we see some air chambers (9) exteriors that do not affect the mortar line (14), so  Inside is the air intake, as a hole (6), which communicates the inside of the brick with the outside. He hole (5) that crosses the inner face of the brick will be the one connect the outside of the enclosure with the air chamber (12) internal of him. The vertical perforation (8) through which the air, which is what has tabs drilled by holes, it is very narrow and although it is covered by mortar (14) This will not blind the air passage.

Finally, in figure 4 a perspective of a section of enclosure similar to the previous one but with different elements, although in equal disposition. In this case the bricks seen to ventilate (1) are of a design that incorporate in themselves the inner air chamber of the enclosure. This is why so they have a last set of vertical perforations (15), arranged longitudinally in the brick. So, to the brick you can directly project and apply the material on it insulator (16), maintaining the enclosure wall, despite the projected, with a ventilated air chamber outside the isolation, in proper positioning.

Preferred Embodiment of the Invention

In view of Figure 1 it can be seen as the new brick seen to ventilate (1) has a structure similar to that of any other brick seen drilled, but with the incorporation of an air conduction system through he.

It is so, that this brick seen to ventilate (1) has a set of vertical perforations (3), in transversal arrangement, communicated both with each other and with the exterior of the brick on both long faces. A hole (4) communicates the two perforations (3), another hole (5) to these (which are communicated with each other) with the exterior of the brick by its internal face, that is, by the face attached to the internal air chamber of the enclosure, and a third hole (6) communicates to said vertical perforations (3) with the exterior of the brick, but this time by his face seen (2). In this way we allow the air conduction through the brick, which will move through convection, to ventilate the inner chamber of the wall of enclosure.

The materials, shape, size and layout of the elements will be susceptible to variation, as long as this does not imply an alteration in the essence of the invention. The terms in which this report has been written must be taken always in a broad and non-limiting sense.

Claims (4)

1. Brick seen to ventilate, with multiple perforations that cross it vertically, characterized by having a system of holes, perpendicular to the vertical perforations, that cross it communicating one or more cavities inside the brick, of the cavities produced by them perforations, with the exterior of the brick on two opposite faces, one of them a visible face and the other its parallel; where the hole that communicates the inside of the brick with the outside through the exposed face of the brick, outside the building, is located behind the brick's own face, being hidden, so that behind the face seen there is, at less, a cavity or chamber open to the outside that is reached by the hole from inside the brick, which will not be blinded in the final execution of the brick in
work. 2. Brick seen to ventilate, with multiple perforations that cross it vertically, according to claim one, characterized by being the internal cavities that are communicated with the exterior by the system of holes narrow enough so that the cement mortar is not strain them by filling them. 3. Brick seen to ventilate, with multiple perforations that cross it vertically, according to claim one, characterized by having a set of vertical perforations attached to the inner face of the brick larger than those of the rest of the brick. 4. Construction system derived from the use of a brick seen to ventilate with multiple perforations that cross it vertically, according to the previous claims, characterized by being applied directly on the brick itself, once the brick factory has been lifted and its internal face , which gives the interior of the building, an insulation material, well projected, glued or supported, having executed the installation of the brick so that the set of cameras attached to its inner face, the immediate one to the insulation material, is not covered by mortar.