ES2038483T3 - Procedimiento para la realizacion de recubrimientos de fosfato sobre superficies metalicas. - Google Patents
Procedimiento para la realizacion de recubrimientos de fosfato sobre superficies metalicas.Info
- Publication number
- ES2038483T3 ES2038483T3 ES199090202148T ES90202148T ES2038483T3 ES 2038483 T3 ES2038483 T3 ES 2038483T3 ES 199090202148 T ES199090202148 T ES 199090202148T ES 90202148 T ES90202148 T ES 90202148T ES 2038483 T3 ES2038483 T3 ES 2038483T3
- Authority
- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- water
- bath
- rinsing
- phosphating
- phosphate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 title abstract 3
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 title abstract 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 5
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 4
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract 2
- VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe3+ Chemical compound [Fe+3] VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- -1 nitrate ions Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrous oxide Inorganic materials [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000008237 rinsing water Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H zinc phosphate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000165 zinc phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/07—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing phosphates
- C23C22/08—Orthophosphates
- C23C22/18—Orthophosphates containing manganese cations
- C23C22/182—Orthophosphates containing manganese cations containing also zinc cations
- C23C22/184—Orthophosphates containing manganese cations containing also zinc cations containing also nickel cations
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/07—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing phosphates
- C23C22/08—Orthophosphates
- C23C22/12—Orthophosphates containing zinc cations
- C23C22/13—Orthophosphates containing zinc cations containing also nitrate or nitrite anions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/07—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing phosphates
- C23C22/08—Orthophosphates
- C23C22/22—Orthophosphates containing alkaline earth metal cations
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/34—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides
- C23C22/36—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides containing also phosphates
- C23C22/362—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides containing also phosphates containing also zinc cations
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/73—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals characterised by the process
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
Abstract
EL INVENTO SE REFIERE A UN PROCEDIMIENTO QUE SE UTILIZA PARA PRODUCIR RECUBRIMIENTOS DE SUPERFICIES METALICAS A BASE DE FOSFATOS; CONSISTE EN TRATAR LAS SUPERFICIES METALICAS CON SOLUCIONES ACUOSAS DE FOSFATACION FORMADAS POR UN 0,4 A 30 G/L ZN, 4 A 30 G/L DE P2O5, 5 A 50 G/L NO3, 10 G/L DE FE (III) Y 0,3 G/L Y SE CARACTERIZA PORQUE NO SE PRODUCEN AGUAS RESIDUALES; LA RELACION DE P2O5 LIBRE/P2O5 TOTAL VARIA ENTRE 0,04 A 0,5:1; LA SOLUCION DE FOSFATO DE CURVA SE COMPLETA CON ZN, NO3 Y P2O5 EN UNA RELACION ZN:NO3:P2O5 = 0,60 A 0,30: 0,2 A 0,4:1; SE AJUSTA EL CONTENIDO DE FE(III) POR OXIDACION CON NITRATO; SE CONTROLA EL CONTENIDO DE NITRITO FORMADO JUNTAMENTE CON GAS OXIGENO, H2O2 Y GASES NITROSOS; EL BAÑO DE FOSFATADO POST-CONECTA A UNA CARCASA DE BAÑOS DE ENJUAGUE ; EL ULTIMO BAÑO DE ENJUAGUE ESTA LIBRE DE AGUA SALINA; EL REBOSE DE AGUA DEL BAÑO DE FOSFATADO Y DEL BAÑO DE FOSFATADO SE ELIMINA EL AGUA LIBRE DE CAL, YA QUE EL AGUA DE ENJUAGUE ENRIQUECIDA CON FOSFATO SE TOMA DE LA CASACADA.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3927613A DE3927613A1 (de) | 1989-08-22 | 1989-08-22 | Verfahren zur erzeugung von phosphatueberzuegen auf metalloberflaechen |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2038483T3 true ES2038483T3 (es) | 1993-07-16 |
Family
ID=6387565
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES199090202148T Expired - Lifetime ES2038483T3 (es) | 1989-08-22 | 1990-08-07 | Procedimiento para la realizacion de recubrimientos de fosfato sobre superficies metalicas. |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5203930A (es) |
| EP (1) | EP0414301B1 (es) |
| JP (1) | JP3000108B2 (es) |
| AT (1) | ATE85987T1 (es) |
| AU (1) | AU633611B2 (es) |
| BR (1) | BR9004128A (es) |
| CA (1) | CA2023663C (es) |
| DD (1) | DD299661A5 (es) |
| DE (2) | DE3927613A1 (es) |
| ES (1) | ES2038483T3 (es) |
| PL (1) | PL164655B1 (es) |
| ZA (1) | ZA906672B (es) |
Families Citing this family (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2654440B1 (fr) * | 1989-11-16 | 1993-07-30 | Produits Ind Cie Fse | Procede de conversion chimique de substrats metalliques, bain mis en óoeuvre dans ce procede et concentre pour la preparation du bain. |
| DE4307591A1 (de) * | 1992-06-22 | 1994-09-15 | Eisenmann Kg Maschbau | Verfahren zur Nitritkonzentrationssenkung in Phosphatbad-Anlagen |
| DE4238242C2 (de) * | 1992-09-17 | 2003-04-24 | Rieger Franz Metallveredelung | Verfahren zur Vorbehandlung von Leichtmetallen nach Patent DE 4231052 C2 |
| DE4306446A1 (de) * | 1993-03-02 | 1994-09-08 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Verfahren zur Erleichterung der Kaltumformung |
| DE19523919A1 (de) * | 1995-06-30 | 1997-01-02 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Verfahren zur Ergänzung von Phosphatierungslösung |
| US5797987A (en) * | 1995-12-14 | 1998-08-25 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Zinc phosphate conversion coating compositions and process |
| RU2120495C1 (ru) * | 1997-03-17 | 1998-10-20 | Закрытое акционерное общество "РЕНТЕХ" | Композиция для обработки металлической поверхности |
| DE19743933B4 (de) * | 1997-10-04 | 2009-11-19 | Volkswagen Ag | Verfahren zur Oberflächenbehandlung fester Körper, insbesondere Kraftfahrzeug-Karosserien |
| DE19754109A1 (de) | 1997-12-05 | 1999-06-10 | Henkel Kgaa | Abwasseraufbereitung bei der Phosphatierung |
| WO1999048819A1 (de) * | 1998-03-25 | 1999-09-30 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Abwasseraufbereitung bei der phosphatierung |
| JP3479609B2 (ja) | 1999-03-02 | 2003-12-15 | 日本パーカライジング株式会社 | スラッジ発生のないリン酸亜鉛処理液およびリン酸亜鉛処理方法 |
| JP4720830B2 (ja) * | 1999-07-08 | 2011-07-13 | Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 | 耐穴あき性およびプレス加工性に優れた亜鉛めっき鋼板の製造方法 |
| CA2345929C (en) * | 2000-05-15 | 2008-08-26 | Nippon Paint Co., Ltd. | Metal surface-treating method |
| JP4658339B2 (ja) * | 2001-01-17 | 2011-03-23 | 日本ペイント株式会社 | 金属表面処理方法 |
| WO2001096627A1 (en) * | 2000-06-16 | 2001-12-20 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Improved phosphating operation |
| WO2002033141A1 (en) | 2000-10-19 | 2002-04-25 | Nkk Corporation | Zinc-plated steel sheet and method for preparation thereof, and method for manufacturing formed article by press working |
| US8062435B2 (en) * | 2001-06-18 | 2011-11-22 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Phosphating operation |
| JP4544970B2 (ja) * | 2004-11-09 | 2010-09-15 | Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 | 酸洗廃液の処理方法および酸洗廃液用処理装置 |
| JP2007190322A (ja) * | 2006-01-23 | 2007-08-02 | Aisin Seiki Co Ltd | ベッド装置 |
| KR102070497B1 (ko) * | 2018-02-01 | 2020-01-28 | 한양대학교 에리카산학협력단 | 나노 결정체를 포함하는 금속 구조물, 및 그 제조 방법 |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1031083B (de) * | 1952-11-12 | 1958-05-29 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Verfahren zur Regenerierung von nitrit- und nitrathaltigen Zinkphosphatloesungen |
| US3533859A (en) * | 1966-06-18 | 1970-10-13 | Hooker Chemical Corp | Coating process for ferrous metal surfaces |
| GB1361489A (en) * | 1971-05-12 | 1974-07-24 | Carrier Drysys Ltd | Removing sludge formed in solutions used in metal pre-treatment processes |
| JPS555590B2 (es) * | 1974-08-30 | 1980-02-07 | ||
| JPS5159035A (ja) * | 1974-11-21 | 1976-05-22 | Nippon Packaging Kk | Kuroozudoshisutemuyorinsanenhimakukaseishorieki |
| DE2738283A1 (de) * | 1977-08-25 | 1979-03-01 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Verfahren zur phosphatierung von metallen |
| DE3345498A1 (de) * | 1983-12-16 | 1985-06-27 | Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Verfahren zur herstellung von phosphatueberzuegen |
| FR2569203B1 (fr) * | 1984-08-16 | 1989-12-22 | Produits Ind Cie Fse | Procede de traitement par conversion chimique de substrats en zinc ou en l'un de ses alliages, concentre et bain utilises pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede |
| DE3636390A1 (de) * | 1986-10-25 | 1988-04-28 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Verfahren zur erzeugung von phosphatueberzuegen auf metallen |
| DE3840668A1 (de) * | 1988-12-02 | 1990-06-07 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Verfahren beim phosphatieren von metalloberflaechen |
-
1989
- 1989-08-22 DE DE3927613A patent/DE3927613A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1990
- 1990-08-07 EP EP90202148A patent/EP0414301B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-08-07 DE DE9090202148T patent/DE59000923D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-08-07 ES ES199090202148T patent/ES2038483T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-08-07 AT AT90202148T patent/ATE85987T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-08-20 DD DD90343537A patent/DD299661A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-08-21 PL PL90286573A patent/PL164655B1/pl unknown
- 1990-08-21 CA CA002023663A patent/CA2023663C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-08-21 US US07/570,350 patent/US5203930A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-08-21 AU AU61185/90A patent/AU633611B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1990-08-21 BR BR909004128A patent/BR9004128A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1990-08-22 JP JP2220941A patent/JP3000108B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-08-22 ZA ZA906672A patent/ZA906672B/xx unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BR9004128A (pt) | 1991-09-03 |
| US5203930A (en) | 1993-04-20 |
| EP0414301B1 (de) | 1993-02-24 |
| PL164655B1 (pl) | 1994-08-31 |
| DD299661A5 (de) | 1992-04-30 |
| CA2023663A1 (en) | 1991-02-23 |
| PL286573A1 (en) | 1991-07-15 |
| JPH0387375A (ja) | 1991-04-12 |
| EP0414301A1 (de) | 1991-02-27 |
| ZA906672B (en) | 1992-04-29 |
| ATE85987T1 (de) | 1993-03-15 |
| DE3927613A1 (de) | 1991-02-28 |
| JP3000108B2 (ja) | 2000-01-17 |
| CA2023663C (en) | 1998-11-03 |
| AU6118590A (en) | 1991-02-28 |
| AU633611B2 (en) | 1993-02-04 |
| DE59000923D1 (de) | 1993-04-01 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FG2A | Definitive protection |
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