ES1299552U - CLOSURE OF FACADES FOR BUILDING (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

Enclosure (1) of facades for building, of the type of building with facades exposed to north and south, and its variants from northeast to northwest and from southeast to southwest; characterized in that: -the facades exposed to the north include a vertical garden (2) on a ventilated facade (3) with ecological thermal insulation (30), and -the facades exposed to the south include a trombe wall (5). (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

DESCRIPTION

CLOSURE OF FACADES FOR BUILDING

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

The present invention refers to an enclosure for building façades, which optimizes the performance of the insulation and minimizes the energy cost of air conditioning.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Until the entry of the Technical Building Code, and even until later years, most of the existing building, both public and private, is not energy efficient in terms of the construction elements of its envelope, since its construction systems have deficient technical characteristics -by not having sufficient thermal insulation to reduce energy consumption- and deficient technical solutions in the meeting of the different enclosure systems, or with structural elements. This generates a large number of thermal bridges and condensation in the construction elements, all of which causes an increase in the energy consumption necessary to air-condition the interior.

To this we must add the arrangement of the construction systems - and their characteristics - indiscriminately in the envelope of current buildings, without taking into account their orientations, sunlight, existing shadows, and the effects that this entails thermally within the spaces of the buildings. buildings.

This inconvenience is solved, or at least minimized, with the use of the façade enclosure for building of the invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The building façade enclosure of the invention is applied to building façades, in the façades exposed to north and south (and its variants: from northeast to northwest and from southeast to southwest); where according to the invention:

-facades facing north (including those oriented from northeast to northwest) They include a vertical garden on a ventilated façade with ecological thermal insulation, and

-The facades facing south (including those oriented from southeast to southwest) comprise a trombe wall.

In this way, an enclosure with totally passive elements is obtained, which achieve high energy efficiency that allows both a thermal gain for the building and the control of thermal transmission: the vertical garden produces the benefits of reducing temperature and improving acoustic insulation inside the building; generation of oxygen and filtration of harmful gases, reducing environmental pollution, while the trombe wall generates a greenhouse effect, preventing radiation from returning to the outside once captured. That is, the trombe wall provides solar capture, which will radiate it into the interior of the building, providing more stable temperatures in said interior; while the ventilated façade with a vertical garden will moderate the thermal transmission of the enclosure, regulating the temperature in the interior space throughout the year on the façades where it is applied.

The configuration on north façades will help to stabilize the temperature, through the green wall, and avoid heat transfer through insulation, avoiding the entry or exit of heat, depending on the time of year, in such a way that heat does not enter the summer and that it does not "escape" from the interior in winter. This improves the interior temperature of the building by up to 5°C in summer with a balanced water consumption. In addition, it also reduces noise pollution due to the vegetation layer on the outside of the system , through the absorption of sound pressure waves in the substrate and reflection in the vegetation.In addition, each m2 of vegetation cover generates the oxygen required by one person throughout the year, and is architecturally integrated, saving space when plants are found hung vertically, taking advantage of existing spaces.

In the southern configuration, the trombe wall will take advantage of solar radiation in winter, and in summer it will ventilate its interior.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Figure 1 shows a section through the north façade and south façade of a building with the enclosure of the invention.

DESCRIPTION OF A PRACTICAL EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

The enclosure (1) of façades for building of the invention is applied to buildings with façades exposed to north and south, and its variants: from northeast to northwest and from southeast to southwest, where according to the invention:

-The facades facing north include a vertical garden (2) on a ventilated facade (3) with ecological thermal insulation (30), and

-The facades facing south include a trombe wall (5).

In the preferred variant of the invention, the ventilated façade (3) with ecological thermal insulation (30) comprises the following layers, from the inside out:

-A conventional closing sheet (31), normally made of brick, and that can be existing in reform works,

-an ecological thermal insulation (30),

- a first air chamber (32), and

- A vertical garden (2), comprising an anchoring metal substructure (20), a waterproof layer (21) that is directly anchored to said substructure (20), a substrate (22) or plant support layer, and plant species (23) exterior, arranged on said substrate (22), which will be selected according to the project, the climatic zone and its orientation; Ideally counting on a quantity of 20-40 plants/m2. This provides direct thermal insulation to the conventional closing sheet, and also creates a temperature similar to that of the subsoil in the first air chamber, warm, both in winter and in summer, reinforcing the effect of the insulation by reducing the thermal jump with the outside environment.

It is preferred that the thermal insulation (30) comprises agglomerated panels of expanded cork, thickness to be determined depending on the case, of vegetable origin, sustainable and recyclable, manufactured through a calcination process, since it does not require the addition of chemical resins. and uses the same natural resins as cork, with a density between 90 and 110 kg/m3, thermal conductivity 0.04 W/(mK), resistance factor to water vapor diffusion between 7 and 14, Euroclass E for reaction to fire and compression resistance >= 100 kPa.

For its part, the metal anchoring substructure (20) is in the shape of a grid, being contained inside the first air chamber (32), so that the total thickness of the enclosure is reduced.

In addition, the substrate (22) is ideally composed of rock wool panels fixed to the waterproof layer (21), since it also provides additional insulation, even acoustic, while it is preferred that the waterproof layer (21) comprises PVC panels foamed cell, fixed by means of screws to the metal substructure (20), due to its effectiveness and low cost.

Similarly, the vertical garden (2) will include integrated drip irrigation elements, not shown, and water collection elements, not shown.

As for the trombe wall (5), it ideally comprises the following layers, from the inside out: - a wall with high heat capacity and high thermal conductivity and transmission (50), dark in color, to store heat, transmit it to its inner face and irradiate it inside at the right speed. These characteristics are determined by the density, conductivity, specific heat, and thermal capacity of the material.

- A second air chamber (51), provided with internal accesses (51a) and external accesses (51b) for adjustable ventilation according to the external and internal conditions. The ideal thickness of this second air chamber is between 3 and 15 cm, its optimum thickness being 9 cm, and

- An exterior glass enclosure sheet (52).

It is preferred that the wall of high calorific capacity and high thermal conductivity and transmission (50) comprise blocks of compressed earth (50a) taken with lime mortar and painted with mineral silicate paint. These Compressed Earth Blocks (BTC) are uniform, raw building blocks of compressed clay earth, suitable for use in load-bearing walls, normal walls, heat storage walls, heat walls and Finnoven kilns. They are produced from sifted sandy soil to avoid the presence of stones and gravel. This is introduced into a press, which can be manual or mechanical, which produces a block that does not need to be fired, unlike conventional bricks. In order for the BTC to withstand significant loads, it is necessary to add a hydraulic binder (usually cement or lime) to the mix in a proportion that varies between 4% and 8%. This material manages to bring together optimal properties of density, conductivity, specific heat, and thermal capacity for the desired purpose. In addition, it is preferred that the compressed earth blocks (50a) are painted in a dark color for better capture of solar radiation.

For its part, the glass enclosure sheet (52) ideally comprises double glazing formed by two 4-mm low-emissivity panes (52a) and a 16-mm chamber (52b), with an aluminum spacer profile and double perimeter sealing. and moon of 4 mm. The use of glasses with a high transmittance (monolithic) maximizes the solar gains to the mass wall, so it can also be used in the invention, but the use of double insulating glazing will improve the performance of the system by having a lower thermal transmittance and retain inward a greater amount of captured energy. External glazing must be durable, since. it will be directly exposed to harsh weather conditions and ultraviolet rays, but the temperatures reached by the outer glazing will not be as high as those of the inner glass. There will be means of cleaning the interior.

The glass surface must perform well in winter and not compromise cooling in summer. Ordinary glass is generally used vertically, although it is also possible to rotate it to obtain the inclination through which the greatest amount of radiation can be captured.

In addition, the arrangement on the trombe wall (5) of sensors, not represented, of light and/or temperature associated with a home automation control center, also not represented, associated in turn with actuation elements (not represented) of closures is preferred. (55) arranged, at least, in the interior accesses (51a). In this way, the home automation center will be in charge of opening these closures according to the temperatures, which allows the thermal gains of the camera to be introduced into the interior of the building and its ventilation when it is not in use, in summer, allowing in turn the ventilation of the rooms in which it is located.

To achieve a good functioning of the wall throughout the year, a solar protection must be designed that casts shade on the glazed area in summer, for this reason. For this reason, the provision on the southern facades of overhangs (9) for sun protection has been planned. Said cantilevers (9) are constituted in this specific embodiment by L-shaped plates (90) fixed on lateral profiles (91).

Finally, it should be noted that in the figures, the covers (10) comprise an inverted flat cover in this example of embodiment, and may be of other solutions.

Having sufficiently described the nature of the invention, as well as the manner of carrying it out in practice, it should be noted that the provisions indicated above and represented in the attached drawings are subject to modifications in detail as long as they do not alter the fundamental principle.

Claims (14)

1. -Enclosure (1) of facades for building, of the type of building with facades exposed to north and south, and its variants from northeast to northwest and from southeast to southwest; characterized by : -The facades facing north include a vertical garden (2) on a ventilated facade (3) with ecological thermal insulation (30), and -The facades facing south include a trombe wall (5). 2. -Enclosure (1) of building facades according to claim 1, where the ventilated facade (3) with ecological thermal insulation (30) comprises the following layers, from the inside out: -a conventional closing sheet (31), - the ecological thermal insulation (30), - a first air chamber (32), and - A vertical garden (2), comprising an anchoring metal substructure (20), a waterproof layer (21) that is directly anchored to said substructure (20), a substrate (22) or plant support layer, and plant species (23) outside, arranged on said substrate (22). 3. - Enclosure (1) of building facades according to claim 2, wherein the thermal insulation (30) comprises agglomerated panels of expanded cork. 4. - Enclosure (1) of facades for building according to any of claims 2 or 3, wherein the metal anchoring substructure (20) comprises a grid shape, being contained inside the first air chamber (32). 5. - Enclosure (1) of building facades according to any of claims 2 to 4, wherein the substrate (22) is made up of rock wool panels fixed to the waterproof layer (21). 6. - Enclosure (1) of building facades according to any of claims 2 to 5, wherein the waterproof layer (21) comprises foamed cellular PVC panels. 7. -Enclosure (1) of facades for building according to any of the preceding claims, where the vertical garden (2) comprises integrated drip irrigation elements, and water collection elements. 8. -Enclosure (1) of facades for building according to any of the previous claims, where the trombe wall (5) comprises the following layers, from the inside out: -a wall with high heat capacity and high conductivity and thermal transmission (50), - a second air chamber (51), provided with internal accesses (51a) and external accesses (51b) for adjustable ventilation and -a sheet of glass enclosure (52). 9. -Enclosure (1) of facades for building according to claim 8, where the wall of high heat capacity and high conductivity and thermal transmission (50) comprises blocks of compressed earth (50a) taken with lime mortar and painted with mineral paint al silicate. 10. - Enclosure (1) of facades for building according to claim 9, where the blocks of compressed earth (50a) are painted in a dark color. 11. -Enclosure (1) of facades for building according to any of the preceding claims, where the glazed enclosure sheet (52) comprises a double glazing formed by two 4-mm low-emissivity panes (52a) and a chamber (52b). ) of 16 millimetres, with aluminum separator profile and double perimeter sealing. 12. -Enclosure (1) of facades for building according to any of the preceding claims, where the trombe wall (5) comprises light and/or temperature sensors associated with a home automation control center associated in turn with closure actuation elements (55) arranged in, at least, the interior accesses (51a). 13. - Enclosure (1) of facades for building according to any of the preceding claims, where the southern facades include overhangs (9) for sun protection. 14. - Enclosure (1) of facades for building according to claim 13, where the cantilevers (9) are made up of L-shaped plates (90) fixed on lateral profiles (91).