ES1291644U - Coating with magnetic properties for ceramic substrates (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents
Coating with magnetic properties for ceramic substrates (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) Download PDFInfo
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- ES1291644U ES1291644U ES202032561U ES202032561U ES1291644U ES 1291644 U ES1291644 U ES 1291644U ES 202032561 U ES202032561 U ES 202032561U ES 202032561 U ES202032561 U ES 202032561U ES 1291644 U ES1291644 U ES 1291644U
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- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 8
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005307 ferromagnetism Effects 0.000 description 3
- LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000005381 magnetic domain Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229910021569 Manganese fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
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- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HPYIMVBXZPJVBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium(2+);iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Ba+2] HPYIMVBXZPJVBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- CTNMMTCXUUFYAP-UHFFFAOYSA-L difluoromanganese Chemical compound F[Mn]F CTNMMTCXUUFYAP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000005308 ferrimagnetism Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229910001172 neodymium magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052572 stoneware Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001238 wet grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
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- JZQOJFLIJNRDHK-CMDGGOBGSA-N alpha-irone Chemical compound CC1CC=C(C)C(\C=C\C(C)=O)C1(C)C JZQOJFLIJNRDHK-CMDGGOBGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005524 ceramic coating Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- UBEWDCMIDFGDOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Co+2].[Co+3].[Co+3] UBEWDCMIDFGDOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical class [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005293 ferrimagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006112 glass ceramic composition Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005302 magnetic ordering Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010434 nepheline Substances 0.000 description 1
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- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MMKQUGHLEMYQSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);praseodymium(3+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Pr+3].[Pr+3] MMKQUGHLEMYQSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005298 paramagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
Description
DESCRIPCIÓNDESCRIPTION
Recubrimiento con propiedades magnéticas para sustratos cerámicosCoating with magnetic properties for ceramic substrates
CAMPO DE LA INVENCIÓNFIELD OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención se refiere a un recubrimiento con propiedades magnéticas, que resulta especialmente idóneo para su deposición sobre piezas cerámicas, dotando a las mismas de adherencia magnética sobre superficies con un campo magnético intenso por alineación de sus dominios magnéticos.The present invention refers to a coating with magnetic properties, which is especially suitable for its deposition on ceramic pieces, providing them with magnetic adherence on surfaces with an intense magnetic field by aligning their magnetic domains.
Aunque la invención esta fundamentalmente destinada a proporcionar características magnéticas principalmente a soportes cerámicos, la invención es aplicable también a soportes de otra naturaleza, tales como metales o plásticos.Although the invention is fundamentally intended to provide magnetic characteristics mainly to ceramic supports, the invention is also applicable to supports of another nature, such as metals or plastics.
PROBLEMA TÉCNICO A RESOLVER Y ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓNTECHNICAL PROBLEM TO SOLVE AND BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Haciendo referencia a la patente en España con número de publicación ES1232466U, en la actualidad las distintas estructuras de revestimiento de naturaleza cerámica para paredes y suelos se adhieren a las bases estructurales del suelo y/o pared mediante un material adhesivo, mortero u otros materiales.Referring to the patent in Spain with publication number ES1232466U, currently the different ceramic coating structures for walls and floors are adhered to the structural bases of the floor and/or wall by means of an adhesive material, mortar or other materials.
También son conocidas otras técnicas para adherir estructuras de revestimiento de naturaleza cerámica al suelo o a la pared mediante adherencia magnética (véanse por ejemplo los documentos GB2564104 A, WO2019/00837 A1, US2008202053 A1, US 2017254094 A1, ES1025004U).Other techniques for adhering ceramic-like coating structures to the floor or wall by magnetic adhesion are also known (see, for example, documents GB2564104 A, WO2019/00837 A1, US2008202053 A1, US 2017254094 A1, ES1025004U).
Sin embargo estas técnicas requieren etapas adicionales en el proceso productivo para la inclusión y/o adhesión de los materiales magnéticos al soporte, lo cual provoca un encarecimiento y un mayor tiempo de proceso, puesto que se deben suplementar etapas adicionales al proceso productivo de las baldosas cerámicas.However, these techniques require additional stages in the production process for the inclusion and/or adhesion of the magnetic materials to the support, which causes an increase in cost and a longer process time, since additional stages must be supplemented to the production process of the tiles. ceramics.
El documento de la patente europea EP1857993 A2 describe una invención en donde se dota de una propiedad magnética a un soporte mediante la aplicación de un sustrato polimérico seguido de un recubrimiento de minerales magnéticos, para su potencial uso en vallas publicitarias, señales de tráfico y otro tipo de aplicaciones.European patent document EP1857993 A2 describes an invention in which a support is provided with a magnetic property by applying a substrate polymeric followed by a coating of magnetic minerals, for its potential use in billboards, traffic signs and other types of applications.
Así, no se conoce en el estado de la técnica un material capaz de dotar a un soporte cerámico de características magnéticas sin que sean necesarias etapas de proceso de adhesión. Este hecho se deriva de la dificultad que conlleva el uso de materiales magnéticos en aplicaciones de elevada temperatura, muy por encima de la temperatura de curie (Tc) de los materiales magnéticos, como son los ciclos de cocción cerámicos.Thus, no material is known in the state of the art that is capable of providing a ceramic support with magnetic characteristics without the need for adhesion process steps. This fact stems from the difficulty involved in using magnetic materials in high-temperature applications, well above the Curie temperature (Tc) of magnetic materials, such as ceramic firing cycles.
En la presente descripción y reivindicaciones, cualquier referencia a los términos "magnético”, "magnetismo” y similares incluye tanto ferromagnetismo como ferrimagnetismo.In the present description and claims, any reference to the terms "magnetic", "magnetism" and the like includes both ferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism.
El ferromagnetismo es un fenómeno físico en el que se produce un ordenamiento magnético de todos los momentos magnéticos de una muestra en la misma dirección y sentido. La interacción ferromagnética es la interacción magnética que hace que los momentos magnéticos tiendan a disponerse en la misma dirección y sentido.Ferromagnetism is a physical phenomenon in which a magnetic ordering of all the magnetic moments of a sample is produced in the same direction and direction. The ferromagnetic interaction is the magnetic interaction that makes the magnetic moments tend to be arranged in the same direction and sense.
Generalmente, los ferromagnetos están divididos en dominios magnéticos separados por superficies denominadas paredes de Bloch. En cada uno de estos dominios, todos los momentos magnéticos están alineados. En las fronteras entre dominios hay cierta energía potencial, pero la formación de dominios está compensada por la ganancia en entropía.Generally, ferromagnets are divided into magnetic domains separated by surfaces called Bloch walls. In each of these domains, all the magnetic moments are aligned. At the boundaries between domains there is some potential energy, but the domain formation is offset by the gain in entropy.
Al someter un material ferromagnético a un campo magnético intenso, los dominios tienden a alinearse con éste, de forma que aquellos dominios en los que los dipolos están orientados con el mismo sentido y dirección que el campo magnético inductor aumentan su tamaño. Este aumento de tamaño se explica por las características de las paredes de Bloch, que avanzan en dirección a los dominios cuya dirección de los dipolos no coincide; dando lugar a monodomínios. Al eliminar el campo, el dominio permanece durante cierto tiempo.When a ferromagnetic material is subjected to an intense magnetic field, the domains tend to align with it, so that those domains in which the dipoles are oriented in the same sense and direction as the inducing magnetic field increase in size. This increase in size is explained by the characteristics of the Bloch walls, which advance in the direction of the domains whose direction of the dipoles does not coincide; giving rise to monodomains. By removing the field, the domain remains for a certain time.
El ferrimagnetismo, es una sutil variación del ferromagnetismo donde el ordenamiento magnético no presenta una alineación en la misma dirección y sentido de todos los momentos magnéticos Estos materiales pierden su magnetismo por encima de una cierta temperatura, la temperatura de curie (Tc), que es la temperatura por encima de la cual un cuerpo ferromagnético pierde su magnetismo, comportándose como un material puramente paramagnético [(Wolhlfarth, E.P., Ferromagnetic Materials (North-Holland, 19080) y Kittel, Charles: Introduction to Solid State Physics (Wiley:New York, 1996)]. Ferrimagnetism is a subtle variation of ferromagnetism where the magnetic arrangement does not present an alignment in the same direction and direction of all the magnetic moments. These materials lose their magnetism above a certain temperature, the Curie temperature (Tc), which is the temperature above which a ferromagnetic body loses its magnetism, behaving like a material purely paramagnetic [ ( Wolhlfarth, EP, Ferromagnetic Materials ( North-Holland, 19080) and Kittel, Charles: Introduction to Solid State Physics ( Wiley:New York, 1996)].
La solución propuesta en esta invención se basa en la posibilidad de dotar a un sustrato cerámico con propiedades ferromagnéticas/ferrimagnéticas para su potencial adherencia magnética sobre superficies con un campo magnético por alineación de sus dominios magnéticos. La deposición de la capa magnética sobre el sustrato cerámico se realiza o bien antes de la cocción o bien tras la misma.The solution proposed in this invention is based on the possibility of providing a ceramic substrate with ferromagnetic/ferrimagnetic properties for its potential magnetic adherence on surfaces with a magnetic field by aligning its magnetic domains. The deposition of the magnetic layer on the ceramic substrate is carried out either before or after firing.
BREVE DESCRIPCIÓN DE LAS FIGURASBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
Figura 1: Difracción de rayos X de la superficie de un soporte cerámico magnético de la invención después del tratamiento térmico.Figure 1: X-ray diffraction of the surface of a magnetic ceramic support of the invention after heat treatment.
Figura 2: Fotografía de un soporte cerámico de la invención con propiedades magnéticas bajo el efecto de un campo magnético externo.Figure 2: Photograph of a ceramic support of the invention with magnetic properties under the effect of an external magnetic field.
Figura 3: Difracción de rayos X de una superficie del recubrimiento magnético de la invención después de tratamiento térmico.Figure 3: X-ray diffraction of a surface of the magnetic coating of the invention after heat treatment.
DESCRIPCIÓN DETALLADA DE LA INVENCIÓNDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
La invención proporciona un recubrimiento para sustratos cerámicos de naturaleza inorgánica vitrocerámica o bien hibrida inorgánica/orgánica, en función de la aplicación deseada y de la temperatura de cocción de las piezas cerámicas.The invention provides a coating for ceramic substrates of an inorganic glass-ceramic nature or a hybrid inorganic/organic nature, depending on the desired application and the firing temperature of the ceramic pieces.
El recubrimiento magnético utilizado como revestimiento de un soporte cerámico de la presente invención presenta cristales de hierro alfa o ferrita, con una estructura cristalina cúbico centrada en el cuerpo (o BCC por sus siglas en inglés, ver Figura 1). En particular, los elementos inorgánicos que proporcionan al recubrimiento magnético propiedades magnéticas se seleccionan del grupo consistente en magnetita (Fe3O4), hematita (Fe2O3), hexaferrita de estroncio (SrFe^O^), hexaferrita de bario (BaFe^O^), acero inoxidable.The magnetic coating used as a coating for a ceramic support of the present invention has crystals of alpha iron or ferrite, with a body-centered cubic crystal structure (or BCC for its acronym in English, see Figure 1). In particular, the inorganic elements that provide the magnetic coating with magnetic properties are selected from the group consisting of magnetite (Fe3O4), hematite (Fe2O3), strontium hexaferrite (SrFe^O^), barium hexaferrite (BaFe^O^), steel stainless.
Para la obtención del sustrato cerámico revestido con el recubrimiento magnético de la invención, entre un 40% y 80% de los materiales magnéticos anteriormente descritos, entre un 40% y 5% en peso de la frita descrita en la tabla 1 y entre un 0%-30% de diferentes materias primas seleccionadas de entre óxido de silicio, silicato de zirconio, óxido de aluminio, óxido de zinc, nitruro de silicio, carbonato de calcio, óxido de cerio, mullita, caolín, feldespato sódico, wollastonita, nefelina, óxido de praseodimio, óxido de bario, óxido de boro, carbonato de magnesio, arcilla, carbonato de estroncio, carburo de silicio y residuos industriales, preferiblemente entre un 50% y 80% de los materiales magnéticos antes descritos, entre un 5% y 20% de la frita descrita en la tabla 1 y entre un 5% y un 20% las materias primas citadas, se molturan por vía húmeda junto a los aditivos necesarios, siendo éstos carboximetilcelulosa y tripolifosfato sódico, en cantidades de entre un 0% y un 2% respecto a la suspensión acuosa, incluyendo también el conservante necesario. La suspensión resultante se acondiciona reológicamente y se aplica sobre un soporte de gres porcelánico para su posterior tratamiento térmico a alta temperatura, obteniéndose una capa fina del material vitrocerámico.To obtain the ceramic substrate coated with the magnetic coating of the invention, between 40% and 80% of the previously described magnetic materials, between 40% and 5% by weight of the frit described in table 1 and between 0%-30% of different raw materials selected from silicon oxide, zirconium silicate, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, silicon nitride , calcium carbonate, cerium oxide, mullite, kaolin, sodium feldspar, wollastonite, nepheline, praseodymium oxide, barium oxide, boron oxide, magnesium carbonate, clay, strontium carbonate, silicon carbide and industrial residues, preferably between 50% and 80% of the magnetic materials described above, between 5% and 20% of the frit described in table 1 and between 5% and 20% of the aforementioned raw materials, are wet milled together with the necessary additives, these being carboxymethylcellulose and sodium tripolyphosphate, in quantities of between 0% and 2% with respect to the aqueous suspension, also including the necessary preservative. The resulting suspension is rheologically conditioned and applied to a porcelain stoneware support for subsequent heat treatment at high temperature, obtaining a thin layer of glass-ceramic material.
Tabla 1. Porcentaje aproximado en peso de óxidos equivalentes de la frita utilizadaTable 1. Approximate percentage by weight of equivalent oxides of the frit used
Según realizaciones particulares la frita tiene los óxidos mencionados en la Tabla 3, en las cantidades indicadas en dicha tabla, y en cuyo caso el recubrimiento tiene la composición dada en el ejemplo 1, o según la composición dada en la Tabla 5, en las cantidades indicadas en dicha tabla y en cuyo caso el recubrimiento tiene la composición dada en el ejemplo 2.According to particular embodiments, the frit has the oxides mentioned in Table 3, in the amounts indicated in said table, and in which case the coating has the composition given in Example 1, or according to the composition given in Table 5, in the amounts indicated in said table and in which case the coating has the composition given in example 2.
La densidad y la viscosidad son las magnitudes más relevantes de las suspensiones de esmalte. Los valores que deben poseer estos parámetros dependerán directamente del sistema concreto de aplicación del esmalte que se vaya a utilizar en cada caso particular, pero en cualquier caso deben ser tales que aseguren la obtención de una capa consolidada de esmalte seco de características adecuadas. En la presente invención la suspensión resultante, preferiblemente, presenta valores de densidad entre 1,85 y 2,3 g/cm3.Density and viscosity are the most relevant magnitudes of enamel suspensions. The values that these parameters must have will depend directly on the specific enamel application system to be used in each particular case, but in any case they must be such as to ensure that a consolidated layer of dry enamel with adequate characteristics is obtained. In the present invention, the resulting suspension preferably has density values between 1.85 and 2.3 g/cm3.
El tratamiento térmico se lleva a cabo en ciclos de cocción industriales de duración entre 30-90 minutos y 700 °C y 1.220 °C de temperatura. El vidriado cerámico resultante de este tratamiento térmico presenta una apariencia oscura (ver figura 2) con propiedades magnéticas bajo el efecto de un campo magnético externo.The heat treatment is carried out in industrial firing cycles lasting between 30-90 minutes and at a temperature of 700 °C and 1,220 °C. The ceramic glaze resulting from this heat treatment has a dark appearance (see figure 2) with magnetic properties under the effect of an external magnetic field.
En otra aplicación de la invención, el recubrimiento magnético se deposita sobre el sustrato cerámico tras el tratamiento térmico a alta temperatura. En este caso, se prepara una mezcla de naturaleza hibrida orgánica/ inorgánica capaz de adherirse al sustrato cerámico no poroso que le proporciona propiedades magnéticas.In another application of the invention, the magnetic coating is deposited on the ceramic substrate after heat treatment at high temperature. In this case, a hybrid organic/inorganic mixture capable of adhering to the non-porous ceramic substrate is prepared, providing it with magnetic properties.
En este caso, el componente orgánico es un polímero seleccionado del grupo consistente en polietileno (PE), polipropileno (PP), poliestireno (PS), polimetilmetacrilato (PMMA), policloruro de vinilo (PVC), politereftalato de etileno (PET), teflón (o politetrafluoretileno, PTFE), poliacrilato de sodio (PANa), poliacrilato potásico (PAK) y poliamida, o combinaciones de los mismos.In this case, the organic component is a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), Teflon (or polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE), sodium polyacrylate (PANa), potassium polyacrylate (PAK), and polyamide, or combinations thereof.
Los elementos inorgánicos que proporcionan al material hibrido propiedades magnéticas se seleccionan del grupo consistente en magnetita (Fe3O4), hematita (Fe2O3), hexaferrita de estroncio (SrFei2Oi9), hexaferrita de bario (BaFei2Oi9) óxidos de cobalto (CoO, Co3O4), aceros inoxidables, fluoruro de manganeso (MnF), níquel metálico, aleación de neodimio, hierro y boro (NdFeB), aleaciones de níquel aluminio cobalto (AlNiCo). The inorganic elements that provide the hybrid material with magnetic properties are selected from the group consisting of magnetite (Fe3O4), hematite (Fe2O3), strontium hexaferrite (SrFei2Oi9), barium hexaferrite (BaFei2Oi9), cobalt oxides (CoO, Co3O4), stainless steels , manganese fluoride (MnF), nickel metal, neodymium iron boron alloy (NdFeB), nickel aluminum cobalt alloys (AlNiCo).
La mezcla inorgánico-orgánica se lleva a cabo utilizando un porcentaje en peso de entre un 40%-80% de los polímeros descritos anteriormente y un 40%-80% en peso de los materiales inorgánicos descritos anteriormente. Adicionalmente se puede añadir entre un porcentaje en peso de entre un 5% - 40% de agua.The inorganic-organic mixture is carried out using a percentage by weight of between 40%-80% of the polymers described above and 40%-80% by weight of the inorganic materials described above. Additionally, a percentage by weight of between 5% - 40% of water can be added.
La mezcla de estos materiales se realiza mediante agitación, durante un periodo comprendido entre 1 minuto y 20 minutos, en función de las proporciones y cantidad total de la mezcla.The mixture of these materials is carried out by stirring, for a period between 1 minute and 20 minutes, depending on the proportions and total amount of the mixture.
La suspensión resultante, se acondiciona reológicamente y se aplica sobre un soporte de gres porcelánico previamente cocido, obteniéndose una capa magnética con una adhesión adecuada.The resulting suspension is rheologically conditioned and applied to a previously fired porcelain stoneware support, obtaining a magnetic layer with adequate adhesion.
En una realización preferente, esta aplicación se puede realizar a la salida del horno, a una temperatura de entre 80 °C y 150 °C, con un tiempo de secado entre 5 y 15 segundos.In a preferred embodiment, this application can be carried out at the oven exit, at a temperature between 80 °C and 150 °C, with a drying time between 5 and 15 seconds.
En otra realización preferente, esta aplicación se puede realizar sobre el sustrato cerámico a temperatura ambiente, con un tiempo de secado entre 5 y 30 segundos.In another preferred embodiment, this application can be carried out on the ceramic substrate at room temperature, with a drying time between 5 and 30 seconds.
EJEMPLOSEXAMPLES
Ejemplo 1: Soporte cerámico dotado de un recubrimiento con propiedades magnéticas a alta temperatura de cocciónExample 1: Ceramic support provided with a coating with magnetic properties at high firing temperature
Para la elaboración del soporte cerámico dotado de un recubrimiento magnético se dosifican inicialmente las materias primas tal como se muestra en la siguiente tabla 2.For the elaboration of the ceramic support provided with a magnetic coating, the raw materials are initially dosed as shown in the following table 2.
Tabla 2. Dosificación de las materias primas a alta temperaturaTable 2. Dosage of raw materials at high temperature
El porcentaje en peso de óxidos equivalentes de la frita A se muestra en la siguiente tabla 3.The percentage by weight of equivalent oxides of frit A is shown in the following table 3.
Tabla 3. Porcentaje en peso de óxidos equivalentes de la frita utilizadaTable 3. Weight percentage of equivalent oxides of the frit used
El acero inoxidable utilizado es del tipo 316 austenítico de cromo níquel con molibdeno, proveniente de residuos de la industria metalúrgica. Para su uso se le ha realizado un tratamiento previo de limpieza y purificación.The stainless steel used is type 316 austenitic chrome nickel with molybdenum, from waste from the metallurgical industry. For its use, a previous cleaning and purification treatment has been carried out.
Posteriormente, se llevaron a cabo las molturaciones por vía húmeda de las materias primas en un molino de bolas de alúmina, con un 75% de contenido en sólidos y un 25% de agua durante 20 minutos. Las barbotinas se acondicionaron reológicamente y se aplicaron a campana sobre una pieza de porosa pasta blanca previamente cocida y decorada, por la parte opuesta a la decoración.Subsequently, the wet grinding of the raw materials was carried out in an alumina ball mill, with a 75% solids content and 25% water for 20 minutes. The slips were rheologically conditioned and applied to a piece of porous white paste previously cooked and decorated, on the opposite side to the decoration.
El gramaje de aplicación fue de alrededor de 630 g/m2. El acondicionamiento reológico de la viscosidad se realizó mediante una copa Ford de 4mm, ajustando la viscosidad a 45 segundos.The application grammage was around 630 g/m2. The rheological conditioning of the viscosity was carried out using a 4mm Ford cup, adjusting the viscosity to 45 seconds.
Las piezas obtenidas se sometieron a una cocción en un horno de rodillos monocanal en un ciclo de 50 minutos a una temperatura máxima de 1.080 °C durante 7 minutos.The pieces obtained were subjected to firing in a single-channel roller kiln in a 50-minute cycle at a maximum temperature of 1,080 °C for 7 minutes.
La figura 1 muestra la difracción de rayos X de la superficie del recubrimiento magnético de la invención, después del tratamiento térmico.Figure 1 shows the X-ray diffraction of the surface of the magnetic coating of the invention, after heat treatment.
Se observan los picos de difracción asociados a la presencia de cristales de silicato de zirconio (ZrSiO4), oxido de cromo (C2O3) y hierro con una estructura cúbica.The diffraction peaks associated with the presence of crystals of zirconium silicate (ZrSiO4), chromium oxide (C2O3) and iron with a cubic structure are observed.
La figura 2 muestra el aspecto del recubrimiento magnético, aplicado por la parte opuesta a la decoración.Figure 2 shows the appearance of the magnetic coating, applied on the opposite side to the decoration.
El recubrimiento presentó atracción magnética por acción de un campo magnético externo.The coating presented magnetic attraction due to the action of an external magnetic field.
Ejemplo 2: Soporte cerámico dotado de un recubrimiento con propiedades magnéticas a temperatura de cocción baja Example 2: Ceramic support provided with a coating with magnetic properties at low firing temperature
Para la elaboración del soporte cerámico dotado de un recubrimiento magnético se dosifican inicialmente las materias primas tal como se muestra en la siguiente tabla 4.For the elaboration of the ceramic support provided with a magnetic coating, the raw materials are initially dosed as shown in the following table 4.
Tabla 4. Dosificación de las materias primas a baja temperaturaTable 4. Dosage of raw materials at low temperature
El porcentaje en peso de óxidos equivalentes de la frita B se muestra en la siguiente tabla 5.The percentage by weight of equivalent oxides of frit B is shown in the following table 5.
Tabla 5. Porcentaje en peso de óxidos equivalentes de la frita utilizadaTable 5. Percentage by weight of equivalent oxides of the frit used
Posteriormente, se llevaron a cabo las molturaciones por vía húmeda de las materias primas en un molino de bolas de alúmina, con un 75% de contenido en sólidos y un 25% de agua durante 20 minutos. Las barbotinas se acondicionaron reológicamente y se aplicaron a campana sobre una pieza de porosa pasta blanca previamente cocida y decorada, por la parte opuesta a la decoración.Subsequently, the wet grinding of the raw materials was carried out in an alumina ball mill, with a 75% solids content and 25% water for 20 minutes. The slips were rheologically conditioned and applied to a piece of porous white paste previously cooked and decorated, on the opposite side to the decoration.
El gramaje de aplicación fue de alrededor de 630 g/m2. El acondicionamiento reológico de la viscosidad se realizó mediante una copa Ford de 4mm, ajustando la viscosidad a 45 segundos.The application grammage was around 630 g/m2. The rheological conditioning of the viscosity was carried out using a 4mm Ford cup, adjusting the viscosity to 45 seconds.
Las piezas obtenidas se sometieron a una cocción en un horno de rodillos monocanal en un ciclo de 50 minutos a una temperatura máxima de 700 °C durante 7 minutos.The pieces obtained were subjected to firing in a single-channel roller kiln in a 50-minute cycle at a maximum temperature of 700 °C for 7 minutes.
La figura 3 muestra la difracción de rayos X de la superficie del recubrimiento magnético de la invención, después del tratamiento térmico.Figure 3 shows the X-ray diffraction of the surface of the magnetic coating of the invention, after heat treatment.
Se observan los picos de difracción asociados a la presencia de cristales de hexaferrita de estroncio (SrFei2Oi9), así como de hierro (Fe2O3) en forma de hematita.The diffraction peaks associated with the presence of strontium hexaferrite crystals (SrFei2Oi9), as well as iron (Fe2O3) in the form of hematite, are observed.
El recubrimiento presentó atracción magnética por acción de un campo magnético externo. The coating presented magnetic attraction due to the action of an external magnetic field.
Claims (3)
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| ES202131669U ES1303282Y (en) | 2020-11-25 | 2021-08-12 | Coating with magnetic properties for coating parts and magnetic adhesion system |
| PCT/ES2021/070852 WO2022112639A1 (en) | 2020-11-25 | 2021-11-25 | Magnetic cladding for covering structures and magnetic adhesion system |
| EP21897251.1A EP4253349A4 (en) | 2020-11-25 | 2021-11-25 | Magnetic cladding for covering structures and magnetic adhesion system |
| ES21897251T ES2987917T1 (en) | 2020-11-25 | 2021-11-25 | Magnetic coating for coating structures and magnetic adhesion system |
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