ES1289734U - Protective system of the water of the lagoons and lagoons - Google Patents

Abstract

Protective system for the water in the lagoons and lagoons, which includes a water pumping installation between the lagoon and the outer or larger sea, some pumps, some conduits, some retention valves, some electrovalves that regulate the transfer flow, some reflectors of solar rays and some solar concentrators, characterized in that it consists of a) Some conduits, channels or conduits-hoses, which send the water between the outer or larger sea and the lagoon. b) Some pumps that send the water through the ducts or channels, c) An automatic pumping system through the ducts or channels, taking advantage of the height difference between the lagoon and the outer sea during high tide, d) A pumping system using water currents and those created by the action of the wind and deflector plates. e) Rows of multiple mirrors that reflect the sun's rays, f) Reflective or white foam or liquid films on the water, g) Using large-area solar concentrators on the water that transform the energy of the sun's rays into electrical energy, and h) A control and actuation system by means of a microprocessor.

Description

DESCRIPTION

Protective system of the water of the lagoons and lagoons

Technical sector

In the conservation of water, the environment and in the control of the heating of the lagoons and lagoons.

The object of the invention consists of:

To provide a simple, economical and practical system to protect the fauna and flora of the lagoons and lagoons, especially those that are close to the sea, such as the MAR MENOR. Provide a system that reduces the temperature and contamination (nitrates, nitrites, phosphates, brines, agricultural residues, etc.) of the water through an important transfer of cold water. A temperature reduction system can also be added by reflecting the sun's rays, by means of sheet mirrors, foams or floating liquids placed on the water, especially in the summer. In winter, water renewal is sufficient and heating by solar radiation may be necessary.

Use a simple and powerful system that facilitates the renewal of water by activating the transfer pumps using renewable energy, especially, or mainly, with solar thermal plants.

Use a water recirculation system with two coils, heat exchangers with low energy consumption.

Apply multiple grooves, underground channels or conduits-hoses on the ground.

They automatically inject a large amount of water from the Mediterranean during the tides and take advantage of the sea currents and those created by the winds in the area.

Apply turbines that drive electric generators in the channels or ducts. Use a microprocessor to control the action of the pumps, valve gates, warnings and installation.

Background of the invention

Due to the heat and also to climate change, the lagoons and lagoons, generally due to their shallow depth and lack of water supply, are greatly affected by solar radiation, causing their heating and evaporation. It is said that in the Mar Menor the water is not renewed even once a year. As a consequence, its pollution and salinity increase, and the fauna and flora deteriorate or become extinct. Simultaneously producing the invasion, among others, of unicellular microorganisms that greatly harm the marine ecosystem. The water must be maintained with its typical salinity, which is slightly higher than that of the Mediterranean. They are also affected by waste from urbanizations and some chemical products from adjoining agro-industries, a group of industries that is responsible for producing, transforming and marketing the different agricultural, livestock, fishing, natural resource products. biological etc. with a large amount of nitrates about 1575 tons a year in the case of the Mar Menor, nitrites and phosphates. Pollution from brines from some treatment plants also increases. All this is avoided or reduced by increasing the transfer of sea water, taking advantage of the fact that it is next to the coast, with cleaner water and that it is also salt water. With fresh water it is practically impossible in that area, and it would also not protect the ecosystem.

Explanation of the invention

The present invention tries to avoid the accumulation and concentration of chemical products in the water of the lagoons and reservoirs, as well as what usually happens more frequently, which is its heating and evaporation, especially in summer or summer times. It also avoids or reduces the effects of heavy rains.

The present protective system of the water of the lagoons and lagoons consists mainly of a massive renewal of their water, which is carried out:

a) Pumping, using renewable energy, with pumps and surface conduits or conduits-hoses, a large quantity of seawater, with which it is purified and cooled in the summer.

b) Pumping seawater automatically and free of charge, taking advantage of the tides, through multiple grooves or channels, preferably underground.

c) Using the displacement of water, taking advantage of the water currents of the greater or outer sea and those created by the action of the surface wind.

d) Pumping the water using energy from the network when there is no possibility of the others mentioned, and said action is urgent.

Open ducts and channels can be used, which allow circulation through bridges. Over the conduits-hoses, it is traveled by means of bridges with ramps. In the channels or ducts, check valves and regulating solenoid valves controlled by a microprocessor and driven by actuators or electric motors can be used. Additionally, some cooling systems are applied that consist of:

a) Reflect the sun's rays by means of mirrors that take advantage of the water's surface and b) Using large-area solar concentrators on the water that transform the energy of the sun's rays into electrical energy, and simultaneously prevent heating.

The water can be driven with pumps, compressors or fans and with ducts, channels or grooves through:

a) Constant transfer of large amounts of water (cold in summer) from the sea to the lagoon. b) Transferring cold water from the sea to a heat exchanger (a simple coil), cooler of the water from the lagoon.

c) Recirculation of cold sea water through a closed circuit with a heat exchanger in the lagoon, where it cools the water, and another heat exchanger in the outer sea that transfers heat to the outside sea. The recirculation of the water has very little energy expenditure since there are two branches, one of a slight rise of the water and another of descent that practically balance each other. Both heat exchangers consist exclusively of two coils without any cover or shell.

The renovation of the water is the most appropriate system to be able to maintain the current contamination systems, although they must be gradually reduced. That is, with larger channels or grooves, or with more of them.

Using part of the temperature regulator system reflecting the sun's rays that fall on the water, Title: GLOBAL TEMPERATURE REGULATOR SYSTEM REFLECTING AND CAPTURING THE SOLAR RAYS THAT IMPACT ON THE EARTH OR ITS ATMOSPHERE. U 202100336. Various reflection systems are used in this.

Likewise, a layer of reflective foam, biodegradable and immiscible with water, can be used. Both the foam and the liquid films or floating reflective sheets are applied by sectors to facilitate the oxygenation of the water. The sectors are delimited by barriers or cords of floats.

Other types of renewable energies can also be used in addition to solar, such as wind power and that of waves or marine currents.

In addition, in a complementary way, polluting discharges must be reduced or eliminated. In 2019, 212 ideas were proposed for the Mar Menor lagoon, but, although good, because they were partial, they did not reduce or eliminate discharges or heating. The discharges and the low renewal of the water and its oxygenation are the main causes of its current state, producing eutrophication due to an excess of nutrients, including nitrogen and phosphorus. Degradation of organic matter and invasion of harmful organisms that increase decomposition.

In principle it is not advisable to remove the bottom, it is dangerous, since a total cleaning is not possible due to the dimensions of the lagoon. Cleaning should be done little by little and when the current situation has been resolved.

Initially, to speed up the operation, large communications between the two seas could be made through La Manga. In this way, in a short time, the water would be renewed by means of the tides. This is equivalent to using the multiple ducts or channels that are proposed open. It can also be started with multiple pipes-hoses superimposed on the ground.

The valves or solenoid valves can be used to close the flow of current when necessary.

The system must be performed with some urgency, since some operations can be performed while a deeper study is being done.

Brief description of the drawings

Figure 1 shows a schematic plan view of the Mar Menor lagoon.

Figure 2 shows a schematic and partially sectioned view of a concentrating lens for solar rays, of a type used in solar thermal plants.

Figure 3 shows a schematic plan view of a solar thermal power plant that captures solar energy and generates electricity. Said energy is applied to the installation and to the pumps that supply decontaminated and cold water from the Mediterranean, to the lagoon. Figures 4 and 5 show two schematic and partially sectioned views for taking advantage of the tides, pumping water towards the lagoon.

Figure 6 shows a partially sectioned view of a lagoon in communication with the sea in two generally distant areas.

Figures 7 and 8 show plan views of the Mar Menor lagoon, where the sea currents and those produced by the action of the surface wind are used.

Figures 9 and 10 show two plan views of portions of La Manga with fins or plates that direct the flow of water from the water currents through the channels or ducts.

Figure 11 shows a schematic and sectional view of some conduits-hoses superimposed on the La Manga land.

Figure 12 shows a block diagram of the system to control the different devices and valves of the installation.

Preferred embodiment of the invention

Figure 1 shows the lagoon (20), in which the water from the outside sea (Mediterranean) is injected by means of the pump (22) through the conduit or channel (21e) after being sucked through the filter (23). Several of these ducts can be used to achieve a greater renewing effect of the water. In the summer the water can be taken from a deep area where the coldest water is found. The polluted water, saltier and hotter, overflows through the conduit or channel (21s). Partially it can be made to pass through a purification station (24) before launching it into the sea. Several channels or outlet ducts can be placed in the shallowest or hottest areas.

Figure 2 shows a Fresnel-type linear lens (6f) that receives the solar rays (11) and concentrates them (11a) in the focal duct (2) through which water, water vapor or air circulates. The focal duct has an insulating layer (18) on its bottom. The lens, very useful for solar thermal plants, has a large surface area. These may be the largest lenses ever built.

Figure 3 shows a solar thermal plant formed by the water pump (29) that receives filtered water, feeds and pressurizes the chamber (14) from where the water is sent through the conduit (15) to multiple focal concentrators formed by the lenses. (6f) and the focal ducts (2) that converge and apply the water vapor to the turbine (7) which drives the electric generator (8) that mainly feeds the water impeller pumps towards the reservoir or lagoon. The water vapor leaves the turbine and is fed back through the conduit (12) through the check valve (16). If saline water is used, the salt could separate.

Figure 4 shows a section of the Manga (25) between the Mar Menor (20) and the Mediterranean Sea (30). They intercommunicate through multiple channels or underground conduits (21).

When there is high tide, the height of the Mediterranean is greater and the water, preferably cold, is automatically transferred through the filter (23). The exit from the Mar Menor can be done through the same channels, but it must be done through others distant from these.

Figure 5 shows a section of the Manga (25) between the Mar Menor (20) and the Mediterranean Sea (30). They intercommunicate through multiple channels or underground conduits (21). When there is high tide, the height of the Mediterranean is greater and the water, preferably cold, is automatically transferred through the filter (23). The valve plate (28) is actuated by the hydraulic or pneumatic actuator (31) regulates the flow of water and rotates around an edge through the axis (27). The outlet of the water from the Mar Menor can be done through other channels, which, if they are open, will do so by overflow.

The underground ducts allow a large number of them without affecting the circulation through the Manga. Its performance is constant and uses the system of communicating vessels.

Figure 6 shows the deflector plates (28) of two valves, which regulate the flow of water, by means of the motor (32), which at high tide circulates through the inlet conduit (21e) coming from the main sea (30) after pass through the filter (23) and discharge into the lagoon (20) and at low tide after passing through the filter (23), it is regulated by the deflector plate activated by the hydraulic actuator (31), by the outlet conduit (21s) and it is discharged into the main sea (30).

Figure 7 shows the deflector plates (28), which by the action of sea currents or by the action of the wind, white arrows, produce the displacement of the water as shown by the black arrows. Entering in this case through the upper area and exiting through the lower part of the lagoon (20).

Figure 8 shows the deflector plates (28), which by the action of sea currents or by the action of the wind, white arrows, produce the displacement of the water as shown by the black arrows. Entering in this case through the lower area and exiting through the upper part of the lagoon (20).

Figure 9 shows the portion of La Manga (25) and the pair of deflector plates (28f) which take advantage of the external water currents (30). The first plate redirects the flow of water towards the channel (21) and sends it to the Mar Menor (20). The second plate is directed with the current, not affecting it. This system is very valid for the Mar Menor when the prevailing winds are from the NE and NW. For prevailing winds from the SE, the effect of the plates is inverted, the first one with lines directs the flow towards the conduit (21) and the later one is directed with the current. The stops (34) contribute to this.

Figure 10 shows the portion of La Manga (25) and the deflector plate (28d), which is oriented and directs the external water current towards the channel (21) whether it comes from the north or from the south. The deflector plate rotates around the axis (31) until its end stops on the supports (34). Some turbines (29) in the channel current capture the energy and activate electric generators not shown in the figure. The arrows indicate the current of water and the corresponding position of the plate according to the origin of the current. These systems are very valid for the Mar Menor because the prevailing winds are from the SE, NE and NW.

Figure 11 shows the conduit-hose (21m) that runs between the lagoon (20) above La Manga (25) and the main sea (30). The water can flow in both directions but it is more convenient to send it from the Mar Mayor (30) to the Mar Menor (20). Filters (23) that are easy to remove and replace are placed at both ends to prevent fauna and flora from communicating between the two ecosystems. Multiple of these conduits-hoses (21m) are used and they may have a reduced height in the area above the sleeve (they have little vertical thickness or are relatively flattened) to facilitate the movement of people or vehicles by means of a ramp-bridge (35). In the sea area (30), the end of the hose is placed at a great distance to avoid contamination on the coast or to obtain colder water in the summer.

Figure 12 shows a microprocessor that receives signals of: day of the year, time, sea and air temperature, humidity, whether sunny or cloudy, wind intensity, wind direction, water temperatures, water pollution (including degree of oxygenation) and the control panel, processes and sends them through a transmitter, receiving them in receivers in the areas of the gates and pumps. It also receives visual and audible warnings of operation, With an appropriate program it can be controlled with a mobile phone.

Claims (16)

1. Protective system for the water in the lagoons and lagoons, which includes a water pumping installation between the lagoon and the outer or larger sea, pumps, pipes, retention valves, electrovalves that regulate the transfer flow, solar ray reflectors and solar concentrators, characterized in that it consists of: a) Some conduits, channels or conduits-hoses, which send the water between the outer or greater sea and the lagoon, b) Some pumps that send the water through the pipes or channels, c) An automatic pumping system through ducts or channels, taking advantage of the height difference between the lagoon and the outer sea during high tide, d) A pumping system using water currents and those created by the action of the wind and deflector plates, e) Rows of multiple mirrors that reflect solar rays, f) Films of reflective or white foams or liquids on water, g) Using large-area solar concentrators on water that transform the energy of the sun's rays into electrical energy and h) A control and actuation system by means of a microprocessor. 2. Protective system according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a purification station. 3. Protective system according to claim 1, characterized in that it has filters in the ducts. 4. Protective system according to claim 1, characterized in that the channels or conduits carry check valves that prevent or reduce the circulation of water to or from the lagoons. 5. Protective system according to claim 1, characterized in that the channels or ducts carry solenoid valves that regulate the flow of water, whose plates or gates are actuated with hydraulic or pneumatic actuators. 6. Protective system according to claim 1, characterized in that the channels or ducts carry regulating solenoid valves, whose plates or gates are driven by electric motors. 7. Protective system according to claim 1, characterized in that the channels or ducts carry filters at their ends. 8. Protective system according to claim 1, characterized in that deflector plates redirect the water current towards the channels or ducts. 9. Protective system according to claim 1, characterized by having multiple hose ducts on the ground between the lagoon and the outer sea. 10. Protective system according to claim 9, characterized in that the hose-ducts on the ground have little vertical thickness. 11. Protective system according to claim 9, characterized in that on the hose ducts and on the ground, it carries bridge-ramps. 12. Protective system according to claim 1, characterized in that the mirrors consist of sheets or reflective or white floating liquids arranged on the surface of the water. 13. Protective system according to claim 1, characterized in that reflective foam, biodegradable and immiscible with water, is used as mirrors on the water, in sectors which are delimited by barriers or cords of floats. 14. Protective system according to claim 1, characterized in that liquid films or white or reflective floating sheets are used on the water as mirrors in some sectors, and are delimited by barriers or cords of floats. 15. Protective system according to claim 1, characterized in that among the signals received by the microprocessor are those of the. day of the year, time, sea and air temperature, humidity, whether sunny or cloudy, wind intensity, wind direction, water temperatures, water pollution, including the degree of oxygenation, from the control panel, visual warnings and operating audibles. 16. Protective system according to claim 1, characterized in that remote operation is controlled by means of a program and a mobile phone.