ES1259498U - Thermal energy capture system (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

System and application to visualize the external reality while using phones and mobile devices (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

DESCRIPTION

Thermal energy capture system

Field of the invention

In the generation and use of electrical and mechanical energy and in the propulsion of ships. State of the art

Alternative energies are highly variable since they are a function of the sun, wind, waves, ocean currents, etc., they are not used optimally and neither are surpluses from the network. Pneumatic energy storage is not carried out or is done incorrectly due to the volume and cost of the facilities. Systems that use the seabed, technique (CAES), are not possible in all places due to lack of water depth in the area. The PSH system, where water transport is expensive, and large dams also have many losses. The invention uses a system for capturing the thermal energy in which we are immersed and it is not used, with which storage is not needed either. Description of the invention

Object of the invention and advantages

Use systems for the extraction of heat energy from water, air or land. Taking advantage of two points of different temperatures, as the high point the surface temperature of the sea water, between approximately 17 and 28 ° C, and the low point at about 20m and until the end of the permanent thermocline, about 4 ° C.

Use an economic system, that simple, practical that provides a lot of energy.

Contribute to a system that takes advantage of the energy produced in the evaporation of a fluid, for its expansion and subsequent cooling. Taking for it the heat energy of the water.

Use a system that regulates the depth to which the condenser must be placed to compensate for temperature variations.

To be able to fully or partially propel boats.

Contribute to the protection of the environment and avoid climate change. It could be one of the best solvers of this problem.

It provides energy continuously, not needing its storage, without noise and without cost. It only has installation and maintenance costs.

Problems to solve

The still high cost of alternative energies, their discontinuity and the difficulty of storage. Storage systems are being tested, expensive and not very competitive yet.

The thermal energy capturing system of the invention, using the temperature difference between two points, consists of extracting the heat energy from sea water, lakes, rivers or reservoirs, land or air, using a) a conduit or closed circuit in which a fluid circulates, making said circuit pass through, or applying to, two points of different temperatures: At the one with the highest temperature, the fluid evaporates by means of a coil or heat exchanger where the fluid absorbs heat and in the one with a lower temperature, the fluid is condensed with another coil or heat exchanger, where the fluid gives up heat. The expanded fluid in the form of gas drives a turbine or pneumatic motor and these to an electric generator, then it passes to the condenser where it cools and condenses, going back to the evaporator where it expands, closing and repeating the cycle, or b) An actuator Pneumatic whose piston presents an alternative movement when the gas or steam expands or contracts, driving a linear electric generator, or the piston drives air under pressure and introduces it into a chamber from where it comes out regulated, driving a turbine and this to an electric generator . The fluid has a boiling point between the highest and lowest temperatures. Optionally, a fluid limiting and regulating valve controls the flow of the same and therefore the temperatures. This can be done by a servomechanism or a microprocessor, acting on the speed of the pump depending on the temperatures. The pump or motor pump drives the fluid towards the evaporator, simultaneously preventing its backward movement.

The air motor can be vane, piston, lobe, etc.

In the mechanical propulsion of boats it uses the temperature of the water next to the boat as a hot point and the condenser or coil, at a certain depth as a cold point. Water can also be sucked in as a cold point for the condenser.

Although it is not usually always necessary, the evaporator and especially the condenser can be raised or lowered by means of electric motors, winches or winches, cables and conduits, flexible at their ends, to adjust or adapt their operation to the temperature of the water . This is done taking as a reference the temperature in the condenser, in the evaporator or in the intermediate point of both, data controlled by the microprocessor which determines the most suitable position of the same at all times. In this way you can avoid having to change fluids, which is another alternative. A servomechanism can also be used to raise and lower the condenser and evaporator.

The installation can be controlled by means of the microprocessor, a control panel, some filters, valves, thermostats, thermometers, pressure gauges or pressure switches and other elements necessary in an installation, processing the data and acting on the different elements, pump, turbine or pneumatic motor, Condenser depth control motors, valve, acoustic and visual warnings of faults and operation.

The outer shape of the evaporator and condenser coil can be conical, or they can take a divergent or convergent shape respectively, with the volume varying.

In all cases, the high temperature of the hottest point produces the evaporation of the fluid, which absorbs the heat energy of the water. The energy produced in evaporation is used to drive the turbine, motor or pneumatic actuator.

Water has two missions, in a first it produces the changes of state of the fluid and in a second, during evaporation it applies the heat energy of the water to the fluid, and in the closed circuit or loop system the rest of the energy not used by the turbine, or the pneumatic motor, discharges it into the water causing condensation of the fluid in the condenser. This energy can be fed back from the turbine outlet to the evaporator before passing to the condenser.

Four methods are used: a) The system uses water as the hot and cold point, b) The system uses the surface water as the hottest point and the cold with water that is sucked and raised through a conduit to the heat exchanger, condenser or cold point, this can also be done with a circuit or loop that raises the cold temperature of the water c) The system uses surface water as a cold point and the ground as a hot point, which in this case must have a great thermal conduction , being very humid or having a pond of water and d) the system uses surface water as a cold point and air as a hot point. These last two are less interesting, as they require larger installations or fans to increase the speed of the heat exchangers.

As fluids, those that, in addition to having an intermediate evaporation temperature (the arithmetic mean) between the two evaporation and condensation points, must be used, which have other characteristics: That they are not explosive, flammable, that are low cost, non-corrosive, that do not irritate the skin or mucous membranes, that do not produce harmful effects inside the body, that do not produce polluting waste or harmful gases and that do not affect the ozone layer. As all this is impossible, the least damaging ones will be sought, mainly among coolants, fire extinguishing liquids, anesthetics, hydrocarbons, etc., which at this time are very well controlled.

Examples: R245fa boiling at 14.9 ° C, Dimethylpropane at 9.5 ° C, Ethyl Chloride at 12 ° C, CH3-o.CH2-OH2 Neopentane at 9.5 ° C, Dimethyl Propane at 10 ° C or 9.5 ° C, 1.2 Butydiene at 10.9 ° C, and Cyclobutane at 12.6 ° C. Future improved fluids can be obtained, special for the temperatures used in this invention.

However, as they are used in closed installations or ducts and also in water, the dangers are considerably reduced. Unlike the fuels used in vehicles, which, in addition to being dangerous, end up producing a large amount of waste polluting the atmosphere.

Stainless, galvanized or anti-corrosion materials will be used.

You can use batteries or mains power for starting. To do this, a motor can be added that drives the turbine or current is applied to the generator to drive it.

ONCE IN OPERATION, THE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM IS SELF-POWERED FROM THE LINEAR ELECTRIC GENERATOR OR THE ONE THAT DRIVES THE TURBINE.

ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL ENERGY IS OBTAINED, NOT NEEDING ITS STORAGE, WITHOUT NOISE AND WITHOUT COST.

Turbines or propellers can be applied to evaporators and condensers to increase evaporation and condensation. But since water has great conductivity and thermal absorption, increasing the size of the coils may be enough.

Liquids used for evaporation have a boiling temperature between 8 ° C and 24 ° C.

This energy can be stored in bags or containers at the bottom of the sea.

It is not necessary to resort to other alternative energies as a complement, although they can be used to increase the temperature of the hot spot or reduce that of the cold spot. Instead of coils, evaporators and condensers can consist of conduits with perpendicular fins, absorbing or dissipating heat.

The figures show the two temperatures, using as fluid one that has approximately the intermediate temperature.

A boat anchored and far from the coast can be used, which through electrical cables sends the energy to the coast.

Fluids that boil or evaporate around 10 ° C:

1,2 Butadiene 10.3 ° C. 2,2 Dimethylpropane (Neopentane) 9.4 ° C. Dimethylpropane 9.5 ° C.

1-Butino (Ethyl acetylene) 8.7 ° C. Ethylene chloride 12 ° C. Cyclobutane 12.6 ° C.

Fluids that boil or evaporate around 15 ° C:

1,1,3,3,3-Pentafluoropropane, (R245fa) 14.9 ° C, Ethylamine 16.6 ° C.

Fluids that boil or evaporate around 20 ° C:

Ethanal (Acetaldehyde) 20.3 ° C. 3-MethiM-Butene (Isomylene) 20.2 ° C. NO2 NITROGEN DIOXIDE 21.2 ° C, FLUORIDIC ACID HF 19.5 ° C.

Fluids that boil or evaporate around 23 ° C:

R11 23.77 ° C, DESFLURANE - ILO 23 ° C, GRITENE SR-276323 ° C (this is a mixture of various solvents).

Fluids that boil or evaporate around 27 ° C:

1,4 Pentadiene 26.1 ° C, 2-Butino 26.9 ° C.

These examples are not limiting, being able to use any of the fluids that comply with these characteristics or have approximate, current and future boiling values that improve the characteristics of the current ones.

Brief description of the drawings

Figure 1 shows a schematic elevation view of a closed-circuit conduit of a system of the invention.

Figure 1a shows a schematic elevation view of a variant of a closed-circuit conduit partially inserted into the sea.

Figure 1b shows a schematic elevation view of a variant of a closed-circuit conduit with a recirculation system for cold water from a deeper area.

Figures 2 and 3 show graphs with typical temperature curves for an area. Figures 4 and 5 show graphs with the curves of temperature as a function of depth.

Figures 6 to 9 show schematic and partially sectioned views of variants of alternative pneumatic actuator systems of the invention.

Figure 10 shows a schematic and partially sectioned view of a closed circuit system of the invention.

Figure 11 shows a schematic and partially sectioned view of a closed-loop system of the invention with a feedback system.

Figure 12 shows a block diagram of a system of the invention.

More detailed description of an embodiment

Figure 1 shows the conduit (19), with a fluid (DESFLURANE) that boils at 23.5 ° C. The evaporator (4 or E) is surrounded by a temperature of 27 ° C, or hot spot, where the fluid evaporates by activating the turbine (1) and at its outlet the fluid is sent to the condenser (2 o C) which is surrounded for a temperature of 20 ° C, or cold point. Where the condensed liquid is then driven by the pump (17) feeding the evaporator (4), closing the cycle, which is repeated continuously.

Figure 1a shows the conduit (19), with a fluid (DESFLURANE) that boils at 23.5 ° C. The system is located in the sea or lake with a surface temperature of 27 ° C, or hot spot, where the fluid evaporates, activates the turbine (1) and at its outlet the fluid is sent to the condenser (2 o C) which is found at a depth where the temperature is 20 ° C. The condensed liquid is driven by the pump (17) towards the evaporator (4), closing the cycle, which is repeated continuously.

Figure 1b shows the conduit (19), with a fluid (DESPURANE) that boils at 23.5 ° C. The system is located in the sea or lake with a surface temperature of 27 ° C, or hot spot, where the fluid evaporates, activates the turbine (1) and at its outlet the fluid is sent to the condenser (2 o C) which is It is located in the chamber (49a) at 20 ° C, which receives cold water through the circuit (49) and the pump (1a) from a depth where the temperature is about 15 ° C. The condensed liquid is driven by the pump (17) towards the evaporator (E), closing the cycle, which is repeated continuously.

Figures 2 and 3 show the temperature curves of some graphs for different oceanic points and stations west of Costa Rica, according to the article: Spatiotemporal distribution of temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen around the Thermal Dome of Costa Rica, by Omar G Lizano.

Figure 4 shows the temperature versus depth curve, showing the mixed layer, the seasonal thermocline and the permanent thermocline.

Figure 5 shows a typical curve with a shallower depth. In which the evaporator (4) is placed at 25 ° C and at a superficial level, and the condenser (2) at 21 ° C, at about 17 m.

Figure 6 shows the exchanger (2, 4) that alternately acts as an evaporator and a condenser. In the figure hot water is applied causing the fluid (46) to evaporate and expand by extending the piston of the pneumatic actuator (40).

Figure 6a shows the exchanger (2, 4) that alternately acts as an evaporator and a condenser. In the figure cold water is applied causing the fluid (46) to contract by retracting the plunger of the pneumatic actuator (40).

Figure 7 shows the exchanger (2, 4) that alternately acts as an evaporator and condenser. In the figure, hot water is applied causing the fluid (46) to evaporate and expand by extending the piston of the pneumatic actuator (40). The cold and hot water is fed alternately with the pump (1c). The direction of rotation is determined by the position of the actuator piston (40).

Figure 7a shows the exchanger (2, 4) that alternately acts as an evaporator and condenser. In the figure cold water is applied to it causing the fluid (46) to condense and contract the pneumatic actuator piston (40). The cold and hot water is fed alternately with the pump (1c). The actuator piston compresses air in the chamber (45) entering through the door (42) and the actuation of the suction pump through the valves (43 and 44). The air leaves the chamber (45) regulated by a conduit by its own pressure and drives the turbine (1).

Figure 8 shows the exchanger (2, 4) that acts alternately as evaporator and condenser. In the figure hot water is applied causing the fluid (46) to evaporate and expand by extending the piston of the pneumatic actuator (40). The cold and hot water is fed alternately with the pump (1c). The cold water is obtained with the circuit formed by the conduit (49) and the pump (1a). It is in the evaporation and expansion phase.

Figure 8a shows the exchanger (2, 4) that alternately acts as an evaporator and condenser. In the figure cold water is applied, causing the fluid (46) to condense and contract by retracting the piston of the pneumatic actuator (40). The cold and hot water is fed alternately with the pump (1c). The cold water is obtained through the circuit formed by the conduit (49) and the pump (1a). It is in the condensation and retraction phase.

Figure 9 shows the exchanger (2, 4) that alternately acts as an evaporator and condenser. In the figure, hot water is applied causing the fluid (46) to evaporate and expand by extending the bellows (48), which alternately actuates the magnet (50), inside the electric linear generator (51) obtaining the current in the conductors (52).

Figure 10 shows a closed circuit system, with the pneumatic motor or turbine (1), the pre-condenser duct (2a), the condenser (2) and the evaporator (4) separated by the dashed line in which the water temperature equals the boiling temperature of the fluid (BP), in this case NO2, with a boiling point of 21.2 ° C. The hottest point is 25 ° C and the coldest 19 ° C. The pump (17) drives the liquid fluid towards the evaporator. To this system is added a system that regulates the temperature of the condenser area by varying its depth, raising or lowering it by means of a winch or winch (30) and the cable (31). For which a thermometer in the area of the separation line, which must have the boiling point of the fluid, when detecting a change, especially an increase in temperature, by means of a servomechanism or the microprocessor raises or lowers it until the temperature is equal in said intermediate line with that of the fluid used.

Figure 11 shows the closed circuit fed with the condensed fluid by the pump (17) and which, once evaporated, drives the turbine (1). In the external zone it shows another parallel and attached circuit, which, driven by the pump (1r), returns the heat extracted by the condenser to the evaporator. As cold and hot points, 20 ° C and 27 ° C are used respectively and Desflurane with a boiling point of 23.5 ° C as fluid. The others temperatures are those estimated at each point of both circuits. The lower wide arrows show the heat that is extracted from the condenser and the upper ones that same heat that is returned to the evaporator.

Figure 12 shows a microprocessor, which receives data from a control panel, valves, thermostats, thermometers, pressure gauges and other necessary elements in a pneumatic and hydraulic installation, processing the data and acting on the different elements, pump, turbine, motor or pneumatic actuator, motors that raise or lower the condenser, valves, acoustic and visual warnings of faults and operation. The system is initially powered by the battery (18).

Valves, filters, pressure gauges, thermometers, fluid reservoir quantity indicator, or said reservoir, etc. are not shown.

In the drawings, the evaporator and condenser heat exchangers are not shown with their coil, since in many cases the conduit is sufficient to perform this function.

Claims (22)

1. Thermal energy capturing system, using facilities with fluid evaporators and condensers, which extract heat energy from sea water, lakes, rivers or reservoirs, from the ground or from the air, consisting of a pneumatic device, which carries a fluid, to which two points of different temperature are applied, in the one with the highest temperature the evaporation of the fluid is carried out by means of a coil or heat exchanger where the fluid absorbs heat and in the one with a lower temperature the condensation of the fluid is carried out with an exchanger heat, where the fluid yields heat, the fluid expanded in the form of gas drives a turbine, motor or pneumatic actuator and these in turn to an electric generator, then it is sent to the condenser where it is cooled and condensed, and again driven by a pump, to the evaporator where it expands, closing and repeating the cycle, the fluid has an intermediate boiling point between the point of highest and lowest temperature, u Using as hot and cold spots, water, terrain and air. 2. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the pneumatic device consists of a closed circuit which passes through the two points of different temperatures, producing evaporation or expansion, or condensation or contraction of the fluid. 3. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the pneumatic device consists of an alternative actuator, actuated by the expansion or contraction of the fluid in a common heat exchanger where both temperatures are applied alternately producing their evaporation or expansion, and the condensation or contraction of the fluid, actuating the plunger of said actuator. 4. System according to claim 3, characterized in that in the pneumatic actuator the plunger adopts an alternative movement with the expansion and contraction of the gas, its axis actuating a magnet that acts as the core of the linear electric generator. 5. System according to claim 3, characterized in that the plunger drives pressurized air and introduces it into a chamber from where it comes out regulated, driving a turbine and this to an electric generator. System according to claim 1, characterized by using the rotary movement of the turbines to drive the propellers of the boats, using the temperature of the water next to the boat as a hot point and as a cold point that of a deeper area, applying the condenser in said area or by sucking the cold water from said point to the condenser. 7. System according to claim 2, characterized in that an external water circuit is added to the closed circuit duct, parallel or attached to the evaporator fluid which returns the energy or heat that the condenser sends or discards to the outside. 8. System according to claim 7, characterized in that the external circuit attached to the evaporator circuit is independent of the water system. 9. System according to claim 2, characterized in that the evaporators and condensers of the closed-circuit conduits are made up of conduits of greater relative length or with perpendicular fins, absorbing or dissipating the temperature. 10. System according to claim 2, characterized in that in the closed circuit duct the evaporator and especially the condenser are raised or lowered by means of motors and winches or winches, which adjust or adapt their operation to the temperature of the water, this is done taking as a reference the intermediate temperature between the condenser and the evaporator, data controlled by a servomechanism or the microprocessor which determines the most suitable position of the same at all times. 11. System according to claim 2, characterized in that in the closed circuit the outer shape of the evaporator coil and the condenser take a conical shape, or divergent or convergent shape respectively, with the variable volume. 12. System according to claim 2, characterized in that in the closed circuit a fluid limiting and regulating valve controls the flow of the same and therefore the temperatures. 13. System according to claim 1, characterized in that a servomechanism or a microprocessor controls the speed of the pump as a function of temperatures, the pump drives the fluid in liquid state towards the evaporator, simultaneously avoiding its backward movement. 14. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the fluids used have a boiling temperature preferably between 8 ° C and 24 ° C. 15. System according to claim 1, characterized in that fluids with an evaporation or boiling point of about 10 ° C are used: 1,2 Butadiene 10.3 ° C, 2,2 Dimethylpropane (Neopentane) 9.4 ° C, Dimethylpropane 9.5 ° C, 1 -Butino (Ethyl acetylene) 8.7 ° C, Ethylene Chloride 12 ° C and Cyclobutane 12.6 ° C. 16. System according to claim 1, characterized in that fluids with an evaporation or boiling point of about 15 ° C are used: 1,1,3,3,3-Pentafluoropropane, (R245fa) 14.9 ° C and Ethylamine 16.6 ° C. 17. System according to claim 1, characterized by using fluids with a boiling or evaporation point of about 20 ° C: Ethanal (Acetaldehyde) 20.3 ° C, 3-Methyl-1-Butene (Isomylene) 20.2 ° C, NO2, NITROGEN DIOXIDE 21.2 ° C and FLUORIDRIC ACID HF 19.5 ° C. 18. System according to claim 1, characterized in that fluids with an evaporation or boiling point of about 23 ° C are used: R11 23.77 ° C, DESFLURANE - ILO 23 ° C and GRITENE SR-276323 ° C. 19. System according to claim 1, characterized in that fluids with an evaporation or boiling point of about 27 ° C are used: 1,4 Pentadiene 26.1 ° C, 2-Butino 26.9 ° C. 20. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the fluids preferably used must not be explosive, flammable, corrosive, must not irritate the skin or mucous membranes, or produce harmful effects inside the body, not produce polluting waste or harmful gases, no affect the ozone layer and must be inexpensive. 21. System according to claim 1, characterized in that turbines or fans fed with alternative energies are applied to the evaporators and condensers to increase the flow of the fluid and therefore evaporation and condensation. 22. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the system is controlled by a servomechanism or a microprocessor powered electrically by a battery, receives signals from the control panel, thermometers, pressure gauges or pressure switches, processing the data and operating the different elements, pump, motor pneumatic, motors controlling the depth of condenser and evaporator, valves, acoustic and visual warnings of faults and operation.