EP4534888A1 - Installation for storing and supplying liquid carbon dioxide as refrigerant, particularly for filling air conditioning systems - Google Patents

Abstract

A system for storing and supplying liquid carbon dioxide as a refrigerant comprises a carbon dioxide tank system with at least one storage tank in which liquid carbon dioxide can be stored at a temperature in a first temperature range and at a pressure in a first pressure range, and which has at least one inlet connection for supplying liquid carbon dioxide from a tank truck and at least one outlet connection; at least one pressure boosting station, which is connected at least one inlet connection via a pipeline to the outlet connection of the storage tank and is designed to provide liquid carbon dioxide at an outlet connection of the pressure boosting station at a pressure in a second pressure range that is higher than the first pressure range; a temperature control arrangement with at least one carbon dioxide buffer storage device connected directly or indirectly via at least one pipeline to the outlet connection of the pressure boosting station, which is designed to store liquid carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide buffer storage device at a temperature in a second temperature range that is higher than the first temperature range and at a pressure in a third pressure range; and at least one carbon dioxide recooler connected to an inlet connection via at least one pipe to an outlet connection of the carbon dioxide buffer storage, which is designed to provide liquid carbon dioxide to at least one consumer at a temperature in a target temperature range at a pressure in a target temperature range via an outlet connection of the carbon dioxide recooler.

Description

The present invention relates to a system for storing and supplying liquid carbon dioxide ( _CO2 ; hereinafter generally referred to as CO2) as a refrigerant, in particular for filling air conditioning systems. This is primarily intended for air conditioning systems in the automotive sector. The present invention thus also relates to an R744 supply concept for filling air conditioning systems in the automotive sector and a system designed for this purpose for storing and supplying the refrigerant R744.

Carbon dioxide has a long history of use as a natural refrigerant in refrigeration technology, dating back to the 19th century. More recently, carbon dioxide has experienced a renaissance as an alternative refrigerant, known as R744. Carbon dioxide as a refrigerant is environmentally friendly, as it has a very low greenhouse gas impact (GHG) of one and an ozone depletion potential (ODP) of zero. Carbon dioxide is also readily available from natural sources and technological advances in its recovery from process gas. Compared to conventional fluorinated refrigerants, carbon dioxide is environmentally friendly and cost-effective. It is non-flammable, non-toxic, and colorless.

The high operating pressure of this refrigerant, its low critical point, the possibility of dry ice formation when the triple point is exceeded, and its comparatively high standstill pressure are all challenging. This results in correspondingly demanding requirements for a system used to store and supply the refrigerant, as well as for devices and systems using this refrigerant, such as a vehicle air conditioning system.

According to the invention, the use of special supply technology for carbon dioxide liquid R744 (CO2) is proposed, which advantageously meets these requirements.

The invention specifically provides a system for storing and supplying liquid carbon dioxide as a refrigerant, which is characterized by the features of claim 1 of the appended set of claims. Advantageous embodiments of the system are defined in the dependent claims (subclaims) of the set of claims.

Preferably, the first temperature range is between minus 25 °C and minus 20 °C.

Preferably the first pressure range is 16 bar to 20 bar.

The third pressure range may substantially correspond to the second pressure range. The target pressure range may substantially correspond to the third pressure range.

Preferably, the second pressure range and/or the third pressure range and/or the target pressure range is the range 60 bar to 70 bar.

The third temperature range may substantially correspond to the second temperature range. The target temperature range may substantially correspond to the third temperature range.

Preferably, the second temperature range and/or the third temperature range and/or the target temperature range is the range 15 °C to 20 °C.

Fig. 1

zeigt eine Gesamtübersicht eines Fließdiagramms eines Beispiels für eine erfindungsgemäße Anlage.

Fig. 2

zeigt in den Teilfiguren Fig. 2a bis Fig. 2g vergrößerte Teilausschnitte des Fließdiagramms der Fig. 1.

The invention is explained in more detail below using an embodiment, for which reference is made to the attached drawing, the figures of which show the following:

Fig. 1

shows an overall overview of a flow diagram of an example of a plant according to the invention.

Fig. 2

shows in the subfigures Fig. 2a to Fig. 2g enlarged sections of the flow chart of the Fig. 1 .

• CO2-Tankanlage (1)
• CO2-Druckerhöhungsstation (2), vorzugsweise mit einem redundanten Kompressor
• CO2-Luftanwärmer (3)
• CO2-Pufferbehälter (4) mit Heizung und Kühlung für die Konditionierung des CO2
• CO2-Rückkühler (5), d.h. ein sog. Kaltwassersatz, vorzugsweise redundant, besonders zweckmäßig vor ggf. vorgesehener R744-Befülltechnik an einer Montagelinie
• Versorgungsrohrleitungen (6) zwischen Lagertank → Druckerhöhungsstation → Luftanwärmer → Pufferbehälter → Rückkühlung vor der Befülltechnik → Befülltechnik

An advantageous system for storing and distributing the refrigerant R744 (CO2 / carbon dioxide liquid) of an embodiment, for example, according to or based on the Figures 1 and 2 may, in accordance with the present invention, comprise, for example, the following main components:

• CO2 filling station (1)
• CO2 booster station (2), preferably with a redundant compressor
• CO2 air heaters (3)
• CO2 buffer tank (4) with heating and cooling for conditioning the CO2
• CO2 recooler (5), ie a so-called chiller, preferably redundant, particularly useful before any R744 filling technology on an assembly line
• Supply pipes (6) between storage tank → pressure booster station → air heater → buffer tank → recooling before filling technology → filling technology

Liquid carbon dioxide is stored in a liquefied form under pressure in the carbon dioxide tank system (1). Temperature and pressure can typically be between -25 and -20 °C and 16 - 20 bar. The tank system can be a double-walled tank system with a stainless steel inner vessel. The intermediate space can be filled with a highly insulating material and additionally provided with a high vacuum. The fill level can be transmitted to a supplier via remote data transmission. The tank system can then be filled automatically via a commissioned CO2 liquid distribution system, depending on the tank level and consumption profile.

Carbon dioxide is fed to a pressure booster station (2) or to one of several pressure booster stations (2) via an insulated pipeline (6). This pumps the CO2 into the downstream pipeline (6) and increases the pressure to the process-required value of typically approximately 70 bar. The pressure booster station(s) is/are designed redundantly for maximum availability. If a compressor fails, the system control automatically switches to the redundant compressor within the pressure booster station.

After the pressure increase, the CO2 is warmed to approximately ambient temperature using an air-heated heater (3) and pumped into the downstream buffer tank (4). This reduces the electrical energy required and reduces the CO2 footprint to bring the R744 to the temperature required for the process.

In the downstream, insulated buffer tank (4), R744 is stored under the process-specific parameters and kept ready for transfer to the filling systems. An integrated, redundant heater and a chiller ensure compliance with the process parameters despite varying ambient temperatures. The buffer tank is filled based on weight using weighing technology.

After being transported through the pressure line (6) to the consumers in the production hall, the liquid carbon dioxide is cooled to the desired temperature level via at least one recooling unit and at least one heat exchanger of the CO2 recooler or chiller (5) (or one of several CO2 recoolers or chillers (5)) directly upstream of the filling equipment on the line and transferred to the filling equipment. The pressure and temperature of the carbon dioxide are measured and recorded upstream of the base unit.

Advantageously, the system for storing and distributing the refrigerant R744 (CO2 / carbon dioxide liquid) can comply with an appropriate safety concept.

Due to its design and the materials used, the carbon dioxide tank system can advantageously be considered type-tested. The pressure in the tank system can be kept constant by a pressure regulator. However, the pressure in the tank system could rise due to ambient heat if no CO2 is extracted for an extended period.

To reliably prevent the tank system from exceeding its maximum permissible pressure when heated, the system can be equipped with redundant mechanical safety valves. To prevent overfilling by a CO2 tanker, the tank system can be equipped with a safety shut-off valve.

Pressurized liquefied carbon dioxide heats up in the pipes and system components if there is no or little extraction, or if the system is shut down for a long time. This leads to a pressure increase. To prevent the pressure from rising above the permissible pressure of the components, all system sections in which carbon dioxide is or could be trapped during normal operation can be equipped with type-tested safety valves.

It is advantageous if the adjustment of the relief pressure of the safety valves can be carried out under the professional supervision of an employee of a certification or monitoring organization (such as the so-called TÜV).

Safety valves are advantageously provided in the building to relieve the pressure that increases due to thermal expansion when shut-off valves are incorrectly operated. The relief lines can be conveniently routed, for example, above the roof.

The pipelines used are preferably made of stainless steel pipes. The individual pipe segments can be welded together for practical purposes. The pipeline should be tested for strength and leak tightness after completion and before commissioning. Due to the welded joints, the pipeline is considered to be permanently technically leak-tight.

In the following, possible concrete designs of the components of the system discussed above are presented as examples without limiting the generality:

CO2 filling station (1)

• Tank system: Horizontal or vertical tank, vacuum insulated
• Geometric volume: as required, for example, between 6,400 and 30,000 liters (L) (larger volumes, such as 100,000 liters, are not excluded)
• Tank height: for example 8,150 mm
• Tank diameter: for example between 1,600 mm and 3,600 mm max. operating pressure: 22 bar
• Self-evaporation: 0.35% CO2/day (without recooling, depending on tank size)
• Outer container material: structural steel, S235 JRG 2 / 1.0038
• Inner container material: stainless steel, X5CrNi1810 / 1.4301

The tank system preferably consists of a double-walled, vacuum-insulated vertical tank (pressure vessel) equipped with all the fittings and control devices required for automatic operation. The inner tank is preferably made of stainless steel, and the outer tank is preferably made of structural steel.

The system can be designed for outdoor installation and placed on a concrete foundation.

CO2 pressure booster station (2)

CO2 pressure booster station with pneumatic drive for outdoor installation in a heated control cabinet. The system can be advantageously equipped with two redundant compressors.

• Standard-Liefermenge (kontinuierlicher Betrieb) max. 80 kg CO2/h (bei max. 70 bar)
• Druckluftverbrauch: ca. 0,4 Nm3/kg CO2
• Druckluftnetzdruck: 6 bar ü
• Anzahl Kompressoren: 2 Stück

Example technical data:

• Standard delivery quantity (continuous operation) max. 80 kg CO2/h (at max. 70 bar)
• Compressed air consumption: approx. 0.4 Nm3/kg CO2
• Compressed air network pressure: 6 bar g
• Number of compressors: 2 pieces

Dimensions of compressor station (example approximate information): Depth: 500 mm Width: 1,200 mm Height: 1,900 mm

CO2 air heaters (3) Gas heater for carbon dioxide e.g. type L400-8F3-HD

Air-heated high-pressure finned tube heater with media-carrying pipes made of stainless steel, preferably designed for outdoor installation.

• Druckstufe: PS 400 bar
• Elektrische Leistungsaufnahme: entfällt
• Anschlussspannung: entfällt
• Abmessungen (LxBxH): beispielsweise ca. 1.120 x 720 x 4.000 mm

Example performance data:

• Pressure level: PS 400 bar
• Electrical power consumption: not applicable
• Connection voltage: not applicable
• Dimensions (LxWxH): for example, approx. 1,120 x 720 x 4,000 mm

CO2 buffer tank (4)

Insulated buffer tank, preferably in horizontal design. The tank can advantageously stand on an electronic load cell, which is mounted in a (possibly galvanized) Steel frame can be installed. The vessel pressure can be maintained within the process-technically required range by a built-in, redundant heater and a chiller.

• Druckstufe: PS 80 bar
• Isolierung:100 mm mit Blechmantel, 1mm
• Behälterwerkstoff: P355NL o. vgl.
• Heizung: z.B. zwei Heizregister mit je ca. 5,0 kW Heizleistung
• Kältemaschine: ca. 2,0 kW
• Anschlussspannung:400 V / 50 Hz
• Abmessungen (LxBxH): ca. 2.400 x 2.500 x 2.000 mm
• Betriebsgewicht: ca. 4.000 kg

Example performance data:

• Pressure level: PS 80 bar
• Insulation: 100 mm with sheet metal jacket, 1 mm
• Container material: P355NL or similar
• Heating: e.g. two heating registers with approx. 5.0 kW heating output each
• Chiller: approx. 2.0 kW
• Supply voltage: 400 V / 50 Hz
• Dimensions (LxWxH): approx. 2,400 x 2,500 x 2,000 mm
• Operating weight: approx. 4,000 kg

These are examples for illustrative purposes only. The design of the buffer tank (size, volume, dimensions) depends on consumption and the specifications of the filling system technology.

CO2 recooler before the filling system / chiller (5)

Recooler for liquid carbon dioxide to ensure the transfer specification at the transfer point to the consumers, especially the vehicle filling systems.

The number of recoolers included in the system depends on the number of consumers or filling stations. Recooling is achieved using water or an ethylene glycol/water mixture as the heat transfer medium. In conjunction with the built-in buffer tank, compliance with the R744 transfer specification is ensured even with significantly fluctuating consumption profiles. The heat transfer tank is pressureless.

• Pufferbehälter
• Kältemaschine frequenzgeregelt
• Umwälzpumpe (redundant)
• Wasser/CO2 Wärmetauscher
• Elektrischer Steuerung
• Absperr- und Sicherheitsarmaturen

The cooling unit can advantageously consist essentially of:

• Buffer tank
• Frequency-controlled chiller
• Circulation pump (redundant)
• Water/CO2 heat exchanger
• Electrical control
• Shut-off and safety valves

• Druckstufe: PS 10/100 bar
• Elektrische Leistungsaufnahme gesamt: 5,0 kW
• Anschlussspannung:400 V / 50 Hz
• Maximaler Betriebsstrom16 A
• Kältemittel: R513A
• Kältemittelmenge: 3,0 kg
• Abmessungen (LxBxH): je 1000 x 1500 x 2.000 mm
• Gewicht: je ca. 500 kg

Regarding the chiller, for example, the following performance data is considered:

• Pressure level: PS 10/100 bar
• Total electrical power consumption: 5.0 kW
• Supply voltage: 400 V / 50 Hz
• Maximum operating current 16 A
• Refrigerant: R513A
• Refrigerant quantity: 3.0 kg
• Dimensions (LxWxH): 1000 x 1500 x 2,000 mm each
• Weight: approx. 500 kg each

• Medien: CO2 / Wasser-Ethylenglykol-Gemisch oder reines Wasser
• Anzahl Platten: 40
• Volumen: 2 x 2 Liter
• Gewicht: 28 kg
• Abmessung (LxBxH): 98 x 425 x 203 mm
• Isolierung: Ggfs. Armaflex

Regarding the heat exchanger, for example, the following performance data is considered:

• Media: CO2 / water-ethylene glycol mixture or pure water
• Number of plates: 40
• Volume: 2 x 2 liters
• Weight: 28 kg
• Dimensions (LxWxH): 98 x 425 x 203 mm
• Insulation: Armaflex if necessary

CO2 pipeline construction (6)

1. A) Tank system -> pressure booster station:
   Stainless steel pipeline, welded
2. B) Pressure booster station -> heating -> buffer tank -> CO2 filling system including recooler and heat exchanger at the inlets of the R744 filling systems on the filling platform above the assembly line:
   Stainless steel pipeline, welded.

• Druckstufe: ND: PS 40/ HD: PS 100
• Nennweite: DN 15/25 (18x1,5; 28x1,5 mm) Werkstoff: 1.4571
• Isolation: nicht zwingend erforderlich

Relevant characteristics:

• Pressure stage: ND: PS 40/ HD: PS 100
• Nominal diameter: DN 15/25 (18x1.5; 28x1.5 mm) Material: 1.4571
• Isolation: not mandatory

The pipelines are equipped with the necessary fittings and safety valves for safe plant operation as well as for maintenance and repair purposes.

Electrical engineering/automation (7)

To control the supply system, a control system can be used which can advantageously provide the following functions, for example:

1 General functions 1.1 Reports

All occurring danger, fault, warning, and maintenance messages are summarized into a collective fault message and cause an indicator lamp on the control cabinet to flash. The messages are displayed individually on the control panel. Messages can be differentiated, for example, as follows:

1.1.1 Operational messages

Operating messages are information about the system status without any further reaction regarding the system and are only displayed.

An operating message has no influence on the collective fault lamp.

1.1.2 Maintenance messages

Maintenance messages are signaled on the control unit. No switching operations are performed.

The collective fault lamp flashes. This condition remains until the fault is rectified and acknowledged.

1.1.3 Warning messages

Warning messages are signaled on the control panel and can shut down the affected system. The collective fault lamp flashes. This status remains until the fault is rectified and acknowledged.

1.1.4 Fault messages without system shutdown

Fault messages without system shutdown are signaled on the control unit and only switch off the faulty unit.

The collective fault lamp flashes. This condition remains until the fault is rectified and acknowledged.

1.1.5 Fault messages with system shutdown

Fault messages with system shutdown are signaled on the control unit and lead to immediate shutdown of the system.

The collective fault lamp flashes. This condition remains until the fault is rectified and acknowledged.

1.1.6 Danger messages with system shutdown

Danger messages are signaled on the control unit and lead to the immediate shutdown of the system or to the achievement of a safe state (e.g. frost protection circuit).

The collective fault lamp flashes. This condition remains until the fault is rectified and acknowledged.

1.2 Switching commands

All switching commands are monitored by a feedback signal with a runtime monitor. If no feedback is received after the runtime has expired, the switching command is reported as faulty. This switching command fault can be used to shut down systems or system components.

2.1 Automation system (DDC)

A DDC system can be advantageously used, where the DDC programs can be edited, downloaded, and uploaded from the control room via the system bus (Ethernet). The automation stations, preferably using standardized and tested function modules for utility technology and other building services systems, perform all automation and optimization tasks independently and reliably. The modular software modules from a standardized library can be freely combined and configured with the necessary operating parameters depending on the requirements of the individual system.

A Siemens 1515F-2 PN/DP DDC with IM155-6PN ST expansion modules can be conveniently installed in the control cabinet. The system can be operated and monitored via a touch panel, such as the 1200 Comfort. The DDC can be programmed in TIA Portal V16 and connected to the building management system via an Ethernet interface.

Alternatively, other controllers (e.g. Rockwell, B&R, Bosch, etc.) can be used.

The system can advantageously be connected to a higher-level control system. The control system can then assume higher-level functions for optimal operational management and can serve as a centralized control and monitoring system for all utility systems. The control system could provide access to all connected systems and handle optimization, management, and statistical functions.

2.2 Level monitoring of supply tank

The storage tank (1) preferably operates autonomously. By default, the fill level and pressure of the supply tank can only be displayed locally. However, a display in the main cabinet is also possible and appropriate. It can be provided that the tank fill level is communicated directly to the CO2 supplier via remote data transmission.

2.3 Pressure increase (2)

The compressors used primarily can be used in a wide variety of applications. They are used to convey liquefied gases under pressure and compress them to high pressures. The compressors can be advantageously driven by compressed air in the range of 1 to 10 bar and are released depending on the mass in the buffer tank.

• Masse < 400 kg START Kompressoren
• Masse > 800 kg STOP Kompressoren

Setting for example:

• Mass < 400 kg START Compressors
• Mass > 800 kg STOP compressors

2.4 Buffer tank (4)

Buffer storage keeps the refrigerant CO2 available for consumers or production.

A shut-off ball valve can be provided in front of the buffer tank, which closes in the event of an emergency stop, a gas warning, or when the buffer tank reaches the maximum fill level.

A further shut-off ball valve can be provided after the buffer tank, which closes in the event of an emergency stop or gas warning.

The buffer tank fill level can be conveniently measured in [kg] and displayed in the main cabinet. The buffer tank pressure can be measured in [bar] and displayed in the main cabinet.

2.5 Gas warning system used

For gas monitoring, a gas warning system can be advantageously used, which includes, for example, a Regard 2410 evaluation unit and PIR 7000 sensors.

2.6 Chiller / CO2 chiller (5)

Compact, water-cooled units can be used as chillers, which are available with ready-to-connect piping and wiring. Common designs and sizes are available, for example, with scroll compressors, separate condensers and fans, and robust coaxial evaporators. It is recommended to provide these units with large tank volumes relative to their relatively low power, making them suitable for a wide range of applications. The chillers can be equipped with proven compact controllers.

The proposed overall concept and appropriate, precise measurement and control technology with a microprocessor controller specifically tailored to the application enable precise temperature control. Upon request, the chillers are enabled, and faults are displayed on the main cabinet and control panel, as well as on the control system.

2.7 BMZ report

A fire alarm control panel that can be used advantageously can signal the requirements for hazard shutdown via an open contact.

The switchgear of the CO2 supply system can signal with a closed potential-free contact that there is no main alarm of the gas warning system.

2.8 Emergency stop button

An emergency stop button can be provided outside the container area and an emergency stop button on the control cabinet, which operate in a safety circuit and deactivate all components. The emergency stop button can be acknowledged on the control cabinet in the technical center.

Example parts/component list

In addition to the Figures 1 and 2 A list of parts and components suitable for the realization of a corresponding system is hereby communicated, the designations of which refer to the parts and components listed in the Figures 1 and 2 contained designations: CO2 tank system (1) Vacuum insulated storage container Depending on needs Pressure booster station (2) Redundant pump station to increase pressure to 70 bar Size depends on requirements Air heaters (3) Atmospheric evaporator Size depends on requirements Control cabinet (7) Control cabinet for controlling the system according to customer specifications CO2 buffer tanks (4) Insulated pressure vessel with integrated temperature control (heating and cooling) 1,450 liters CO2 - recoolers (5) Heat exchanger unit with connected chiller Size depends on requirements CO2 pipeline Stainless steel pipe, partially insulated as connection between buffer tank (4) and recooler (5) Dn25 H01 Shut-off valve, manually operated DN25 H02 Drain ball valve - welded DN15 H03 Drain ball valve - welded DN15 H04 Shut-off valve, manually operated DN25 H05 Drain ball valve - welded DN15 H06 Shut-off valve, manually operated DN40 H07 Shut-off valve, manually operated DN20 H08 Shut-off valve, manually operated DN40 H09 Shut-off valve, manually operated DN40 H10 Shut-off valve, manually operated DN40 H11 Shut-off valve, manually operated DN15 H12 Drain ball valve - welded DN15 H16 Shut-off valve, manually operated DN15 H17 Shut-off valve, manually operated DN15 H18 Drain ball valve - welded DN15 H25 Shut-off valve, manually operated DN15 H26 Drain ball valve - welded DN15 H27 Shut-off valve, manually operated DN15 H31 Shut-off valve, manually operated DN20 H32 Shut-off valve, manually operated DN20 H33 Shut-off valve, manually operated DN20 H38 Shut-off valve, manually operated DN20 H39 Ball valve, general DN20 H12 Shut-off valve, manually operated DN15 SV01 20 bar Safety valve in angle shape DN25 SV02 20 bar Safety valve in angle shape DN25 SV03 80 bar Safety valve in angle shape DN25 SV06 80 bar Safety valve in angle shape DN25 SV07 80 bar Safety valve in angle shape DN25 SV09 80 bar Safety valve in angle shape DN25 PV02 with GOS ± Ball valve with pneumatic actuator, spring-loaded closing, including position indicator DN25 D02 Pressure reducing valve general DN20 PI 01 Manometer unit 0-100 bar PI 03 Manometer unit 0-10 bar PISA 03 Electronic pressure measuring device with display 0-100 bar PISA 05 Electronic pressure measuring device with display 0-100 bar R01 Check valve DN25 TISA01 Electronic temperature measurement with display WICR01 Weighing technology as level measurement of the buffer tank (4)

Of course, other parts or components can also be used in the concrete implementation of a system according to the invention, and parts or components can also be omitted and/or added.

Claims (15)

Plant for the storage and supply of liquid carbon dioxide as a refrigerant, comprising: - a carbon dioxide tank system (1) with at least one storage tank in which liquid carbon dioxide can be stored at a temperature in a first temperature range at a pressure in a first pressure range and which has at least one inlet connection for supplying liquid carbon dioxide from a tank truck and at least one outlet connection; - at least one pressure boosting station (2) which is connected to at least one inlet connection via a pipeline (6) at the outlet connection of the storage tank and is designed to provide liquid carbon dioxide at an outlet connection of the pressure boosting station (2) in a second pressure range at a pressure which is higher than the first pressure range; - a temperature control arrangement with at least one carbon dioxide buffer storage (4) connected directly or indirectly via at least one pipe (6) to the outlet connection of the pressure boosting station (2), which is designed to hold liquid carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide buffer storage (4) at a temperature which is higher than the first temperature range in a second temperature range at a pressure in a third pressure range; - at least one carbon dioxide recooler (5) connected to an inlet connection via at least one pipe (6) at an outlet connection of the carbon dioxide buffer storage (4), which is designed to provide liquid carbon dioxide to at least one consumer at a temperature in a target temperature range at a pressure in a target temperature range via an outlet connection of the carbon dioxide recooler (5). Plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the first temperature range is or comprises the range from minus 25 °C to minus 20 °C and/or that the first pressure range is or comprises the range from 16 bar to 20 bar. System according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the third pressure range substantially corresponds to the second pressure range and/or that the target pressure range substantially corresponds to the third pressure range. System according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the second pressure range and/or the third pressure range and/or the target pressure range is or includes the range 60 bar to 70 bar. System according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the third temperature range substantially corresponds to the second temperature range and/or that the target temperature range substantially corresponds to the third temperature range. System according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the second temperature range and/or the third temperature range and/or the target temperature range is or includes the range 15 °C to 20 °C. Plant according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the temperature control arrangement comprises at least one air-heated heater (3) connected upstream of the carbon dioxide buffer storage (4). System according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the carbon dioxide buffer storage (4) has at least one heating unit integrated therein, for example comprising an electrical resistance heater, and/or that the carbon dioxide buffer storage (4) has at least one cooling unit, for example comprising a refrigeration machine. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the carbon dioxide buffer storage (4) is designed with at least one weighing device, on the basis of which the carbon dioxide buffer storage (4) can be filled with liquid carbon dioxide in a weight-controlled manner. Plant according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the carbon dioxide recooler (5) has at least one cooling unit which serves to cool a liquid heat transfer medium which is in heat exchange connection with the liquid carbon dioxide flowing through at least one heat exchanger in order to provide the liquid carbon dioxide to the at least one consumer at a temperature in the target temperature range. System according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the at least one consumer is a filling station belonging to the system for filling an air conditioning system, in particular a motor vehicle air conditioning system in a motor vehicle, with liquid carbon dioxide as a refrigerant. System according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized by a system control system which is designed or programmed to control components of the system such that the liquid carbon dioxide corresponds to temperature and pressure parameters provided at reference locations of the system; wherein the system control system is preferably designed or programmed to bring the pressure of the liquid carbon dioxide to the pressure in the second pressure range by appropriately controlling at least one compressor of the pressure boosting station (2) and/or to bring the temperature of the liquid carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide buffer storage (4) to the temperature in the second temperature range and to maintain it in the second temperature range by appropriately controlling at least one component of the temperature control system, in particular its heating unit and/or its cooling unit. System according to claim 12, characterized in that the system control is designed or programmed to cool the liquid carbon dioxide as required by appropriately controlling at least one component of the carbon dioxide recooler (5), in particular its cooling unit, in order to provide the liquid carbon dioxide to the at least one consumer with a temperature in the target temperature range, even if an increase in the temperature above the target temperature range has occurred during an inflow of the liquid carbon dioxide via a pipeline (6) between the carbon dioxide buffer storage (4) and the carbon dioxide recooler (5). Plant according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that a/the pipeline (6) between the carbon dioxide buffer storage (4) and the carbon dioxide recooler (5) is substantially longer than pipelines (6) between other components of the plant. Plant according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the carbon dioxide recooler (5), if desired, together with the at least one consumer on the one hand and the carbon dioxide buffer storage (4) on the other hand are arranged in different buildings or rooms, for example of a motor vehicle manufacturing plant.

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