EP4454423A1 - Method for establishing electrical contact in an electric machine - Google Patents
Method for establishing electrical contact in an electric machineInfo
- Publication number
- EP4454423A1 EP4454423A1 EP22839327.8A EP22839327A EP4454423A1 EP 4454423 A1 EP4454423 A1 EP 4454423A1 EP 22839327 A EP22839327 A EP 22839327A EP 4454423 A1 EP4454423 A1 EP 4454423A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- contacting
- coupling element
- contacting element
- coupling
- laser
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/30—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor
- H05K3/32—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits
- H05K3/328—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits by welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/0008—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering specially adapted for particular articles or work
- B23K1/0016—Brazing of electronic components
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/005—Soldering by means of radiant energy
- B23K1/0056—Soldering by means of radiant energy soldering by means of beams, e.g. lasers, E.B.
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/19—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering taking account of the properties of the materials to be soldered
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
- B23K26/123—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure in an atmosphere of particular gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
- B23K26/22—Spot welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/32—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/36—Electric or electronic devices
- B23K2101/42—Printed circuits
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/12—Copper or alloys thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R43/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors
- H01R43/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors for soldered or welded connections
- H01R43/0221—Laser welding
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/18—Printed circuits structurally associated with non-printed electric components
- H05K1/182—Printed circuits structurally associated with non-printed electric components associated with components mounted in the printed circuit board, e.g. insert mounted components [IMC]
- H05K1/184—Components including terminals inserted in holes through the printed circuit board and connected to printed contacts on the walls of the holes or at the edges thereof or protruding over or into the holes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
- H05K2201/10—Details of components or other objects attached to or integrated in a printed circuit board
- H05K2201/10007—Types of components
- H05K2201/1009—Electromotor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
- H05K2201/10—Details of components or other objects attached to or integrated in a printed circuit board
- H05K2201/10227—Other objects, e.g. metallic pieces
- H05K2201/10287—Metal wires as connectors or conductors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
- H05K2201/10—Details of components or other objects attached to or integrated in a printed circuit board
- H05K2201/10613—Details of electrical connections of non-printed components, e.g. special leads
- H05K2201/10742—Details of leads
- H05K2201/1075—Shape details
- H05K2201/10757—Bent leads
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits covered by H05K3/00
- H05K2203/10—Using electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields; Using laser light
- H05K2203/107—Using laser light
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits covered by H05K3/00
- H05K2203/14—Related to the order of processing steps
- H05K2203/1446—Treatment after insertion of lead into hole, e.g. bending, cutting, caulking or curing of adhesive but excluding soldering
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a contact of a contact element in an electrical machine and an electrical machine with an electrical contact.
- Insulation displacement connections have the disadvantage that a clamp with a complex design and a corresponding space requirement, as well as local accessibility for the clamping tool, is required.
- a connection using resistance welding also requires space and accessibility for the welding electrodes and the electrode holder.
- break-through contacts pin in a hole
- the process control for selective soldering is very complex.
- the process of selective soldering is classified as not robust and always requires a subsequent check of the connection quality - optically directly or in combination with an X-ray system.
- the object of the present invention is to to overcome this disadvantage and to provide methods which can be used even when the space available is small.
- the present invention describes a method for producing contacting of a contacting element, in particular a contacting wire and/or a contacting pin, in an electrical machine (10) on an electronic unit, in particular a printed circuit board and/or an intermediate element which is designed to make electrical contact with the printed circuit board.
- a contacting element for the electronics unit and arranging the contacting element on the coupling element
- the process time for contacting can be advantageously reduced using the method according to the invention, so that a corresponding cost advantage can be achieved.
- the space required during the joining of the joining partners can be significantly reduced.
- the use of the hold-down means advantageously also enables larger distances to be bridged between the contacting element and the coupling element, so that they do not have to be arranged in the immediate vicinity of one another.
- By bending and holding down the electrically conductive contacting element free spaces in the electronics unit can advantageously be bridged by the contacting element. Due to the selected wavelength, neighboring structures can be prevented from being damaged when there is little space available in the electrical machine. This is ensured in particular by the significantly better absorption of the radiation when it is coupled into the base material.
- a coupling element can be understood in particular as an element which has an absorptivity for “green” or “blue” laser radiation which is at least greater than 20%, preferably greater than 30%, particularly advantageously greater than 40%.
- a laser-emitting green laser radiation- is to be understood as meaning a laser which emits laser light with a wavelength of approximately 512 nm, with approximately a tolerance range of +/-20 nm being understood.
- a laser-emitting blue laser radiation- is to be understood as meaning a laser which emits laser light with a wavelength of approximately 445 nm, with approximately also meaning a tolerance range of +/-20 nm.
- a “green” or “blue” laser will be discussed in this context.
- An intermediate element of the type in question here can be, for example, a wiring board for electronics.
- a contacting element can be a contacting wire or a contacting pin, for example. It is conceivable that the contacting wire itself is part of the winding of an electrical machine. Contacting pins are also conceivable for the electrical and/or mechanical contacting of the winding with the control electronics. It is conceivable that such a contacting pin is welded to the printed circuit board by means of the method according to the invention, wherein the contacting pin can have an additional insulation displacement section on the motor side for connection to the windings.
- a materially bonded connection is to be understood in particular as a contact that has materially bonded connection sections dimensioned in this way between the contacting element and the Coupling element has that the external loads and requirements for conductivity in an electrical machine of the type in question is provided sufficient conducting support structure.
- the laser advantageously has a continuous laser power of between 1 kW and 3 kW.
- contacting wires with a diameter between 0.2 mm and 3 mm, particularly advantageously between 0.3 and 2.6 mm, very particularly advantageously between 0.5 mm and 2 mm can be advantageously connected to the electronic unit by means of laser welding. According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, it is conceivable that the welding process takes place in a protective gas atmosphere.
- the material connection is preferably provided by hardening a molten bath.
- the melt pool is preferably formed both on the contacting element and on the coupling element.
- a hold-down means can be understood in particular as a tool which is advantageously designed to hold the contacting element in a final joining position.
- the hold-down element is advantageously able to absorb a restoring force of the contacting element.
- the hold-down means is advantageously removed after the contacting has been lasered.
- the hold-down means is advantageously designed as a hold-down die.
- the production of an electrical contact by means of a “green” or “blue” laser has the advantage that the contacting element with the coupling element can be produced particularly efficiently.
- the formation of spatter which can be particularly critical in the area of the electronics unit, can be reduced in a particularly advantageous manner. Due to the high degree of absorption for aluminum and copper in these wavelength ranges, the damage to neighboring structures can be reduced in a particularly advantageous manner.
- "Green" and “blue” laser radiation is very well absorbed by copper compared to the infrared wavelength range. This allows lower use of a laser with lower power and intensities.
- the contacting element is reshaped, in particular bent over, from a preassembled position on the coupling element into a joining position before it is melted by the laser.
- the bending over advantageously brings the contacting element into a region close to the coupling element, so that a stable material connection can be provided by melting the contacting element with the laser.
- the hold-down means is preferably designed to bend the contacting element into the joining position.
- the joining position is preferably a contacting position between the contacting element and the coupling element.
- the coupling element has an insertion groove.
- the insertion groove is preferably designed to at least partially accommodate the joining section of the contacting element to be joined.
- a predominant part of the joining section can preferably be inserted into the insertion groove.
- the insertion groove preferably has a contour that is matched to the contacting element.
- the insertion groove is preferably made as a channel-shaped recess in the surface of the coupling element.
- the contacting element is preferably at least partially inserted into the insertion groove after the forming. In this way, the contacting element and the coupling element can be melted together in a particularly simple and precise manner in a minimal melting range.
- the main extension direction of the joining section of the contacting element is aligned essentially parallel to the main extension direction of the coupling element in the joining position.
- the contacting element is preferably arranged essentially perpendicularly to the main direction of extension of the contacting element before it is bent over.
- the contacting element is preferably bent over springs during the forming, in particular bent by more than 90°.
- the joining section of the contacting element is guided past the side of the coupling element, with the hold-down means preferably being designed to bend the contacting element onto the coupling element.
- the joining section of the coupling element is preferably at least partially flattened, in particular designed as a flat copper element, particularly preferably as a copper strip
- the coupling element and, alternatively or additionally, also the contacting element are designed to absorb the green and/or blue laser radiation.
- an absorption element can be understood in particular as an element that has an absorptivity for “green” or “blue” laser radiation that is at least greater than 20%, preferably greater than 30%, particularly advantageously greater than 40%.
- the contacting element and, alternatively or additionally, the coupling element are made of a non-ferrous metal, in particular copper or aluminum. It is also conceivable that the coupling element and, alternatively or additionally, also the contacting element are made of copper. Since copper has a particularly high degree of absorption for "green” and “blue” laser radiation, the coupling of the laser radiation into the base material can be fundamentally improved and damage to surrounding electronic components can thus be advantageously prevented.
- the coupling element has a recess for the contacting element.
- the receiving section preferably has a through-opening, in particular a through-hole, in which the contacting element is arranged.
- the diameter of the through hole is larger than the diameter of the contacting element.
- a particularly optimized contacting can be provided in that the contacting element is pushed through the through-opening to such an extent that it has an overhang, in particular a free joining section, to the surface of the coupling element.
- the contacting element preferably penetrates both the electronics unit and the coupling element completely. After pushing through the Contacting element through the coupling element, the contacting element is preferably pressed by the hold-down means on the coupling element and held there. The contacting element and alternatively also the coupling element are then melted by the laser.
- the electronics unit is a board, in particular a printed circuit board or an interconnection board.
- a plate is to be understood in particular as a substantially flat, preferably substantially planar element, the flat surface of which is very large in relation to its thickness. In this case, the plate extends essentially in a plate plane.
- the contacting element After being bent over, the contacting element has a main direction of extension.
- the main extension direction is preferably to be understood as meaning the axis of symmetry of the contacting wire in the region of the joining section.
- An advantageous development of the invention provides that the main extension direction of the contacting element is arranged essentially parallel to the electronics unit.
- the coupling element is designed as a connecting plate which is arranged on the electronics unit, in particular connected to the electronics unit by means of a solder or is designed embedded in the electronics unit.
- the coupling element extends essentially parallel to the electronics unit.
- the connecting plate can be understood as a substantially flat, preferably substantially planar element, the planar area of which is very large in relation to its thickness.
- the connecting plate is preferably aligned parallel to the plane of the printed circuit board.
- a particularly preferred development of the invention provides that the connecting plate is arranged in the plane of the printed circuit board.
- the connecting plate is firmly connected to the coupling element. If the connection plate is embedded in the printed circuit board, it can be of particular advantage for the process if it is flush with the printed circuit board.
- the extent of the connecting plate in the plane of the board is preferably many times smaller than the extent of the printed circuit board in plate level.
- the size of the connection plate is preferably adapted to the size of the laser spot.
- the volume of the connecting plate is preferably dimensioned in such a way that a sufficiently stable, materially bonded, electrically conductive connection can be provided between the coupling element and the contacting element. It is advantageous that such a coupling element can be matched to the wire in terms of its dimensions, ie its material cross section and its thermal absorption, so that the laser evenly heats the contacting element and coupling element and thus provides ideal boundary conditions for particularly fast
- the coupling element can be equipped with an embedded solder paste. If this point is sufficiently heated by the laser, a solder joint is created. It is also conceivable that the solder is also supplied laterally as a tubular solder. The solder can be arranged on the coupling element either before or after the contacting element is passed through.
- the invention also relates to an electrical machine - in particular an electronically commutated electric motor - with a stator having electrical windings with at least one contact element forming the winding or at least one contact element for interconnecting the windings, with an electronic unit having a coupling element being provided for energizing the windings. It is proposed that a hold-down means presses the contacting element onto the coupling element and the electrical contacting between the contacting element and the coupling element is formed by melting the contacting element with a laser emitting green or blue laser radiation until an electrically conductive, materially bonded connection is formed between the contacting element and the coupling element is, is manufactured.
- FIGS. 2a-2c sectional representations of an electronic unit with a contacting element according to one embodiment of the invention
- FIGS. 3a-3c sectional representations of an electronic unit with a contacting element according to a further embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 1 schematically shows the process sequence of a method 100 for producing the contacting of a contacting element 20.
- a contacting element 20 can be, for example, a contacting wire or a contacting pin.
- a coupling element 40 is provided and the contacting element 20 is then arranged 120 on the coupling element 40.
- the coupling element 40 is preferably arranged on a circuit board 44a or an intermediate element 44b, such as a wiring board of an electronic unit 44.
- the coupling element 40 can have, for example, a receiving section 15 through which the contacting element can be passed.
- the receiving section 15 can be a through-opening in the coupling element 40, for example.
- a further embodiment of the invention can provide that the contacting element 20 is guided past the side of the coupling element.
- the contacting element 20 is preferably arranged in the vicinity of the coupling element 40 .
- the contacting element 20 is preferably brought as close as possible to the coupling element 40 .
- the hold-down means 80 is advantageously designed to reshape the contacting element in such a way that distances greater than 1 mm from the contacting element can also be bridged and joined to the coupling element.
- the contacting element 20a is preferably moved into a joining position 70 .
- the contacting element 20 is then held 130 in the joining position 70 by means of a hold-down means 80.
- a hold-down means 70 can be, for example, a bonding tool such as a joining die or the like. This is done in a subsequent method step 140
- Contacting element 20 is melted with a laser 64 emitting green or blue laser radiation 210a, 210b until an electrically conductive, material connection between the contacting element 20 and the coupling element 40 is formed.
- the contacting element is preferably held in the joining position 70 by the hold-down means 80 throughout the joining process.
- the method is shown according to an embodiment of the invention.
- the contacting element is pushed through the coupling element itself when it is arranged on the coupling element.
- FIG. 2a shows the contacting element 20a after it has been arranged on the coupling element 40a in a preassembled position 69.
- the electronics unit 44 is designed as a printed circuit board 44a.
- the printed circuit board 44a essentially extends in a horizontal plane.
- the printed circuit board 44a has a through opening 90 .
- the coupling element 40 is advantageously arranged in the area of the through opening 90 of the printed circuit board 44a.
- the coupling element 40 is preferably connected to the circuit board 44a by means of a coupling means 42, such as a solder.
- the coupling element 40a advantageously extends essentially parallel to the printed circuit board 44a.
- the coupling element 40a preferably has a connection section 15 .
- the two through openings 90, 91 of the coupling element 40 and the printed circuit board 44a are preferably arranged essentially collinear, in particular axially parallel to one another.
- the through-openings 90, 91 are preferably arranged one above the other in such a way that a common through-opening for the contacting element 20 is provided.
- the coupling element 40a is preferably designed as a copper plate.
- a contacting element 20a preferably a copper wire or copper pin, is guided through the receiving area 15 of the coupling element 40a.
- the contacting element 40a is passed through the common passage opening of the coupling element 40a and the printed circuit board 44a
- the contacting element 20a is designed as a copper wire and optionally has an insulated section 22a.
- the stripped free end 21a of the copper wire is preferably passed through the coupling element 40 in such a way that it protrudes beyond the coupling element 40a.
- the contacting element 20a After its arrangement on the coupling element 40a (method step 120), the contacting element 20a thus preferably has a free joining section 54 which protrudes beyond the surface of the coupling element 40a.
- the contacting element 40a preferably has a main extension direction 62 in this preassembled position 69 .
- the main extension direction 62 in the preassembled position 69 is preferably aligned essentially perpendicularly to the extension plane of the printed circuit board 44a.
- the joining section 54 can be bent over by the hold-down means 80 according to an advantageous development of the invention.
- the hold-down means 80 preferably bends the joining section 54 from the vertical direction of main extension 62 in such a way that it bears against the coupling element 40a in the joining position 70 (FIG. 2v).
- the joining section 54 is preferably bent over in such a way that it is bent via a parallel displacement of the main extension direction 62 .
- the contacting element 20a is bent more than 90° according to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 2a-2c. If the contacting element 20a is aligned in the joining position, the joining section 54 is melted with a laser 64 emitting green or blue laser radiation 210a, 210b until an electrically conductive, material connection is formed between the contacting element 20 and the coupling element 40 ( Figure 2c). This results in a very good conductive material connection between the contacting element 20a and the coupling element 40a.
- the melting zone 220 preferably extends into the coupling element 40a.
- the joining section 54 is held in position by the hold-down means 80 throughout the laser welding process.
- the hold-down means 80 preferably has at least two force application points 81a, 81b on the contacting element 20a.
- the dimensions and material selection (e.g. thermal absorption) of the coupling element are matched to the contacting element 20 in such a way that the laser 64 heats both the coupling element 40 and the contacting element 20 essentially simultaneously, thereby reducing the cycle time and Quality of the process can be significantly improved.
- a laser 64 which emits green or blue laser radiation 210a, 210b
- the laser radiation 210a, 210b can be absorbed particularly well by the coupling element 40 and contacting element 20 (in comparison to the infrared wavelength range).
- This allows the use of a laser 64 of particularly low power and intensity.
- the use of green or blue lasers minimizes the risk of damaging neighboring parts or components in such an electric motor through a reflex.
- both the coupling element 40a and the contacting element 20a are preferably designed as absorption elements for absorbing the laser radiation 210a, 210b.
- Both the coupling element 40 and the contacting element 20 preferably have a non-ferrous metal, in particular copper or aluminum. Both the coupling element 40 and the contacting element 20 are preferably made of copper. Both the coupling element 40 and the contacting element 20 are preferably made of copper.
- the coupling element 40 preferably has a through-opening 90 with an opening diameter 50, through which the contacting element 20 is passed or pushed through.
- the contacting element 20 and the through-opening 90 of the coupling element 40 are preferably dimensioned such that after the contacting element 20 has been passed through the through-opening 90 a gap 92 remains between the coupling element 40 and the contacting element 20 .
- the gap 92 is circumferential.
- the spacing between the contacting element 20 and the coupling element is equidistant around the circumference.
- the contacting wire 20 preferably has a wire diameter of between 0.2 and 3 mm, in particular between 0.3 mm and 2.6 mm, particularly preferably between 0.5 mm and 2 mm.
- the joining section 54 of the contacting element has a length of a few mm.
- FIG. 2a A further exemplary embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG.
- the following description and the drawing are essentially limited to the differences between the exemplary embodiments, whereby with regard to components with the same designation, in particular with regard to components with the same reference numbers, in principle also to the drawings and/or the description of the other exemplary embodiments, in particular FIG. 2a , can be referenced.
- FIG. 3a shows an arrangement before the laser welding of the contacts.
- the contacting element 20b is guided past the side of the coupling element 40b.
- the coupling element 40b is arranged on a printed circuit board 44b by means of a solder 24 .
- the joining section 54 of the contacting element 40b is bent over by the hold-down means 80 .
- the coupling element 40b preferably has an insertion groove 300.
- the insertion groove 30b is preferably an open, preferably essentially channel-shaped groove in the Coupling element 40b introduced.
- the insertion groove 300 is preferably designed to accommodate a substantial part of the joining section 54 of the contacting element 20b.
- FIG. 3c shows a section through the contacting element 40b along the section line CC according to FIG. 2.
- the insertion groove 300 is formed in the surface of the coupling element 40b according to this embodiment.
- the cross section of the insertion groove 30b is preferably matched to the contour of the contacting element 20b.
- the contacting element 20b is preferably pressed into the insertion groove 300 by means of the hold-down means 80 and held there.
- FIG. 3b shows the melting of the contacting element 20b. Both the contacting element 20b and the coupling element 40b are preferably melted on together.
- the melting front 301 preferably extends into the coupling element 40b, in this way a stable connection can be provided.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Electric Connection Of Electric Components To Printed Circuits (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Beschreibung Description
Titel title
Verfahren zur Herstellung einer elektrischen Kontaktierung in einer elektrischen Maschine Method for producing an electrical contact in an electrical machine
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Kontaktierung eines Kontaktierelementes in einer elektrischen Maschine sowie eine elektrische Maschine mit einer elektrischen Kontaktierung. The invention relates to a method for producing a contact of a contact element in an electrical machine and an electrical machine with an electrical contact.
Stand der Technik State of the art
Derzeit werden Kupferdrähte von Spulen von elektrischen Maschinen zur Bestromung häufig mit Kaltkontaktiertechniken wie Schneidklemmverbindung realisiert, es sind jedoch andere auch Kontaktierungsformen, wie beispielsweise Widerstandsschweißungen oder Lötverbindung bekannt. Schneidklemmverbindungen weisen den Nachteil auf, dass eine konstruktiv aufwändige Klemme mit entsprechendem Bauraumbedarf, sowie eine örtliche Zugänglichkeit für das Klemmwerkzeug benötigt wird. Currently, copper wires from coils of electrical machines for energizing are often realized with cold contacting techniques such as insulation displacement connections, but other forms of contacting are also known, such as resistance welding or soldering connections. Insulation displacement connections have the disadvantage that a clamp with a complex design and a corresponding space requirement, as well as local accessibility for the clamping tool, is required.
Bei einer Verbindung mittels Widerstandsschweißen wird ebenfalls Bauraum und Zugänglichkeit für die Schweißelektroden und den Elektrodenhalter benötigt. Bei Durchbruchkontaktierungen (Pin in einer Bohrung), die mittels Selektivlöten verbunden werden, ist um die Lötstelle ein Freiraum für die Zugänglichkeit notwendig und als Sicherheitsabstand für benachbarte Bauteile erforderlich. Zudem ist die Prozessführung beim Selektivlöten sehr komplex. A connection using resistance welding also requires space and accessibility for the welding electrodes and the electrode holder. In the case of break-through contacts (pin in a hole) that are connected using selective soldering, there must be free space around the soldering point for accessibility and as a safety distance for neighboring components. In addition, the process control for selective soldering is very complex.
Der Prozess des Selektivlötens wird als nicht robust eingestuft und erfordert immer eine nachgelagerte Prüfung der Verbindungsqualität - optisch direkt oder in Kombination mit einem Röntgensystem. Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, diesen Nachteil zu überwinden und Verfahren bereitzustellen, welche auch bei kleinem zur Verfügung stehendem Bauraum eingesetzt werden können. The process of selective soldering is classified as not robust and always requires a subsequent check of the connection quality - optically directly or in combination with an X-ray system. The object of the present invention is to to overcome this disadvantage and to provide methods which can be used even when the space available is small.
Offenbarung der Erfindung Disclosure of Invention
Vorteile Advantages
Die vorliegende Erfindung beschreibt ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Kontaktierung eines Kontaktierelementes, insbesondere eines Kontaktierungsdrahtes und/oder eines Kontaktierungspins, in einer elektrischen Maschine (10) auf einer Elektronikeinheit, insbesondere einer Leiterplatte und/ oder einem Zwischenelement, welches elektrisch kontaktierend zur Leiterplatte ausgebildet ist, aufweisend die folgenden Schritte: a) Bereitstellen eines Kopplungselementes für die Elektronikeinheit und Anordnen des Kontaktierelementes am Kopplungselement, b) Halten des Kontaktierelementes in einer Fügeposition mittels eines Niederhaltemittels, c) Aufschmelzen des Kontaktierelementes mit einem, grüne oder blaue Laserstrahlung emittierenden Laser bis eine elektrisch leitfähige, stoffschlüssige Verbindung zwischen dem Kontaktierelement und dem Kopplungselement ausgebildet ist. The present invention describes a method for producing contacting of a contacting element, in particular a contacting wire and/or a contacting pin, in an electrical machine (10) on an electronic unit, in particular a printed circuit board and/or an intermediate element which is designed to make electrical contact with the printed circuit board. having the following steps: a) providing a coupling element for the electronics unit and arranging the contacting element on the coupling element, b) holding the contacting element in a joining position by means of a hold-down means, c) melting the contacting element with a laser emitting green or blue laser radiation until an electrically conductive , Cohesive connection between the contacting element and the coupling element is formed.
Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren ist es möglich, eine Kontaktierung eines Kontaktierelementes in einer elektrischen Maschine bereitzustellen, die einen deutlich reduzierten Bauraum benötigt. Darüber hinaus kann die Prozesszeit für die Kontaktierung mittels des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens vorteilhaft reduziert werden, sodass sich ein entsprechender Kostenvorteil erreichen lässt. Der benötigte Platzbedarf während des Fügens der Fügepartner kann deutlich reduziert werden. Die Verwendung des Niederhaltemittels ermöglicht in vorteilhafterweise auch eine Überbrückung größerer Abstände zwischen dem Kontaktierungselement und dem Kopplungselement, sodass diese nicht in unmittelbarer Nähe zueinander angeordnet sein müssen. Durch das Umbiegen und Niederhalten des elektrisch leitenden Kontaktierelementes können Freiräume der Elektronikeinheit vorteilhaft vom Kontaktierelement überbrückt werden. Aufgrund der gewählten Wellenlänge kann verhindert werden, dass, bei geringem vorhandenen Platzangebot in der elektrischen Maschine, benachbarte Strukturen beschädigt werden. Dies ist insbesondere durch die deutlich bessere Absorption der Strahlung beim Einkoppeln ins Grundmaterial gewährleistet. With the method according to the invention, it is possible to provide contacting of a contacting element in an electrical machine that requires a significantly reduced installation space. In addition, the process time for contacting can be advantageously reduced using the method according to the invention, so that a corresponding cost advantage can be achieved. The space required during the joining of the joining partners can be significantly reduced. The use of the hold-down means advantageously also enables larger distances to be bridged between the contacting element and the coupling element, so that they do not have to be arranged in the immediate vicinity of one another. By bending and holding down the electrically conductive contacting element, free spaces in the electronics unit can advantageously be bridged by the contacting element. Due to the selected wavelength, neighboring structures can be prevented from being damaged when there is little space available in the electrical machine. This is ensured in particular by the significantly better absorption of the radiation when it is coupled into the base material.
Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung kann unter einem Kopplungselement insbesondere ein Element verstanden werden, welches einen Absorptionsgrad für „grüne“ oder „blaue“ Laserstrahlung aufweist, welcher zumindest größer als 20%, vorzugweise größer als 30%, besonders vorteilhafterweise größer als 40% ist. In the context of the present invention, a coupling element can be understood in particular as an element which has an absorptivity for “green” or “blue” laser radiation which is at least greater than 20%, preferably greater than 30%, particularly advantageously greater than 40%.
Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung ist unter einem -grüne Laserstrahlung emittierenden Laser- ein Laser zur verstehen, welcher Laserlicht mit einer Wellenlänge von näherungsweise 512nm emittiert, wobei unter näherungsweise ein Toleranzrahmen von +/- 20nm zu verstehen ist. Entsprechend ist im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung unter einem -blaue Laserstrahlung emittierenden Laser- ein Laser zur verstehen, welcher Laserlicht mit einer Wellenlänge von näherungsweise 445nm emittiert, wobei unter näherungsweise ebenfalls ein Toleranzrahmen von +/- 20nm zu verstehen ist. Im Folgenden wird in diesem Zusammenhang von einem „grünen“ bzw. „blauen“ Laser die Rede sein. In the context of the present invention, a laser-emitting green laser radiation-is to be understood as meaning a laser which emits laser light with a wavelength of approximately 512 nm, with approximately a tolerance range of +/-20 nm being understood. Correspondingly, within the scope of the present invention, a laser-emitting blue laser radiation-is to be understood as meaning a laser which emits laser light with a wavelength of approximately 445 nm, with approximately also meaning a tolerance range of +/-20 nm. In the following, a “green” or “blue” laser will be discussed in this context.
Ein Zwischenelement der hier zur Rede stehenden Art kann beispielsweise eine Verschalteplatte für eine Elektronik sein. Bei einem Kontaktierelement kann es sich beispielsweise um einen Kontaktierungsdraht oder einen Kontaktierungspin handeln. Es ist denkbar, dass der Kontaktierungsdraht selbst Teil der Wicklung einer elektrischen Maschine ist. Zur elektrischen und/oder mechanischen Kontaktierung der Wicklung mit der Ansteuerelektronik sind auch Kontaktierungspins denkbar. Es ist denkbar, dass ein derartiger Kontaktierungspin mittels des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens mit der Leiterplatte verschweißt ausgebildet ist, wobei der Kontaktierungspin motorseitig einen zusätzlichen Schneidklemmabschnitt zur Verbindung mit den Wicklungen aufweisen kann. An intermediate element of the type in question here can be, for example, a wiring board for electronics. A contacting element can be a contacting wire or a contacting pin, for example. It is conceivable that the contacting wire itself is part of the winding of an electrical machine. Contacting pins are also conceivable for the electrical and/or mechanical contacting of the winding with the control electronics. It is conceivable that such a contacting pin is welded to the printed circuit board by means of the method according to the invention, wherein the contacting pin can have an additional insulation displacement section on the motor side for connection to the windings.
Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung ist unter einer stoffschlüssigen Verbindung insbesondere eine Kontaktierung zu verstehen, die derart dimensionierte stoffschlüssige Verbindungsabschnitte zwischen dem Kontaktierelement und dem Kopplungselement aufweist, dass eine den äußeren Belastungen und Anforderungen an die Leitfähigkeit in einer elektrischen Maschine der hier zur Rede stehenden Art genügende Leitstützstruktur bereitgestellt wird. Vorteilhafterweise weist der Laser eine kontinuierliche Laserleistung zwischen 1 kW und 3kW auf. Vorteilhaft lassen sich insbesondere Kontaktierungsdrähte mit einem Durchmesser zwischen 0,2mm und 3mm, besonders vorteilhaft zwischen 0,3 und 2,6mm ganz besonders vorteilhaft zwischen 0,5mm und 2mm mittels Laserschweißen mit der Elektronikeinheit verbinden. Gemäß einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist es denkbar, dass der Schweißprozess in einer Schutzgasatomsphäre stattfindet. Vorzugweise wird die stoffschlüssige Verbindung durch das Aushärten eines Schmelzbades bereitgestellt. Vorzugweise ist das Schmelzbad sowohl am Kontaktierelement als auch am Kopplungselement ausgebildet. In the context of the present invention, a materially bonded connection is to be understood in particular as a contact that has materially bonded connection sections dimensioned in this way between the contacting element and the Coupling element has that the external loads and requirements for conductivity in an electrical machine of the type in question is provided sufficient conducting support structure. The laser advantageously has a continuous laser power of between 1 kW and 3 kW. In particular, contacting wires with a diameter between 0.2 mm and 3 mm, particularly advantageously between 0.3 and 2.6 mm, very particularly advantageously between 0.5 mm and 2 mm, can be advantageously connected to the electronic unit by means of laser welding. According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, it is conceivable that the welding process takes place in a protective gas atmosphere. The material connection is preferably provided by hardening a molten bath. The melt pool is preferably formed both on the contacting element and on the coupling element.
Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung kann unter einem Niederhaltemittel insbesondere ein Werkzeug verstanden werden, welches vorteilhaft dazu ausgebildet ist das Kontaktierelement in einer finalen Fügeposition zu halten. Vorteilhaft ist das Niederhalteelement in der Lage eine Rückstellkraft des Kontaktierelementes aufzunehmen. Vorteilhaft wird das Niederhaltemittel nach dem Lasern der Kontaktierung entfernt. Vorteilhaft ist das Niederhaltemittel als ein Niederhaltestempel ausgebildet. In the context of the present invention, a hold-down means can be understood in particular as a tool which is advantageously designed to hold the contacting element in a final joining position. The hold-down element is advantageously able to absorb a restoring force of the contacting element. The hold-down means is advantageously removed after the contacting has been lasered. The hold-down means is advantageously designed as a hold-down die.
Die Herstellung einer elektrischen Kontaktierung mittels eines “grünen“ oder „blauen“ Lasers weist den Vorteil auf, dass das Kontaktierelement mit dem Kopplungselement besonders effizient hergestellt werden kann. Gleichzeitig kann die Spritzerbildung, welche insbesondere im Bereich der Elektronikeinheit kritisch sein kann besonders vorteilhaft reduziert werden. Aufgrund des hohen Absorptionsgrades für Aluminium und Kupfer in diesen Wellenlängenbereichen, kann die Beschädigungen benachbarter Strukturen besonders vorteilhaft reduziert werden. „Grüne“ und „blaue“ Laserstrahlung wird von Kupfer im Vergleich zum infraroten Wellenlängenbereich sehr gut absorbiert. Das erlaubt geringere die Verwendung eines Lasers mit geringerer Leistung und Intensitäten. Durch die Verwendung von „grünen oder „blauen“ Lasern kann somit im Vergleich zu Lasern im infraroten Wellenlängenbereich das Risiko benachbarte Bauteile oder Komponenten durch einen Reflex zu beschädigen, vorteilhaft minimiert werden. Durch die in den Unteransprüchen aufgeführten Merkmale sind vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens möglich. The production of an electrical contact by means of a “green” or “blue” laser has the advantage that the contacting element with the coupling element can be produced particularly efficiently. At the same time, the formation of spatter, which can be particularly critical in the area of the electronics unit, can be reduced in a particularly advantageous manner. Due to the high degree of absorption for aluminum and copper in these wavelength ranges, the damage to neighboring structures can be reduced in a particularly advantageous manner. "Green" and "blue" laser radiation is very well absorbed by copper compared to the infrared wavelength range. This allows lower use of a laser with lower power and intensities. Compared to lasers in the infrared wavelength range, the use of "green" or "blue" lasers can advantageously minimize the risk of damaging neighboring parts or components through a reflection. Advantageous developments of the method according to the invention are possible as a result of the features listed in the dependent claims.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung wird das Kontaktierelement vor dem Aufschmelzen vom Laser von einer vormontierten Position am Kopplungselement in eine Fügeposition umgeformt, insbesondere umgebogen. Durch das Umbiegen wird das Kontaktierelement vorteilhaft in einen Nahbereich des Kopplungselementes gebracht, sodass durch das Aufschmelzen des Kontaktierelementes mit dem Laser eine stabile stoffschlüssige Verbindung bereitgestellt werden kann. Vorzugweise ist das Niederhaltemittel dazu ausgebildet das Kontaktierelement in die Fügeposition umzubiegen. Vorzugweise ist die Fügeposition eine kontaktierende Position zwischen de, Kontaktierelement und Kopplungselement. According to an advantageous development of the invention, the contacting element is reshaped, in particular bent over, from a preassembled position on the coupling element into a joining position before it is melted by the laser. The bending over advantageously brings the contacting element into a region close to the coupling element, so that a stable material connection can be provided by melting the contacting element with the laser. The hold-down means is preferably designed to bend the contacting element into the joining position. The joining position is preferably a contacting position between the contacting element and the coupling element.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung weist das Kopplungselement eine Einlegenut auf. Die Einlegenut ist vorzugweise dazu ausgebildet den zu fügenden Fügeabschnitt des Kontaktierelementes zumindest teilweise aufzunehmen. According to an advantageous development of the invention, the coupling element has an insertion groove. The insertion groove is preferably designed to at least partially accommodate the joining section of the contacting element to be joined.
Vorzugweise kann der Fügeabschnitt zu einem überwiegenden Teil in die Einlegenut eingelegt werden. Vorzugweise weist die Einlegenut eine auf das Kontaktierelement abgestimmte Kontur auf. Vorzugweise ist die Einlegenut als rinnenförmige Ausnehmung in der Oberfläche des Kopplungselementes eingebracht. Vorzugweise wird das Kontaktierelement nach dem Umformen zumindest teilweise in die Einlegenut eingelegt. Auf diese Weisekönnen besonders einfach und präzise Kontaktierelement und Kopplungselement in einem minimalen Schmelzbereich gemeinsam aufgeschmolzen werden. A predominant part of the joining section can preferably be inserted into the insertion groove. The insertion groove preferably has a contour that is matched to the contacting element. The insertion groove is preferably made as a channel-shaped recess in the surface of the coupling element. The contacting element is preferably at least partially inserted into the insertion groove after the forming. In this way, the contacting element and the coupling element can be melted together in a particularly simple and precise manner in a minimal melting range.
Eine vorteilhafte Weiterbildung der Erfindung sieht vor, dass die Haupterstreckungsrichtung des Fügeabschnittes des Kontaktierelementes in der Fügeposition im Wesentlichen parallel zur Haupterstreckungsrichtung des Kopplungselementes ausgerichtet ist. Vorzugweise ist das Kontaktierelement vor dem Umbiegen im Wesentlichen senkrecht zur Haupterstreckungsrichtung des Kontaktierelementes angeordnet. Vorzugweise wird das Kontaktierelement bei der Umformung überfedert gebogen, insbesondere um mehr als 90° gebogen. Gemäß einer konstruktiv vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird bei der Anordnung des Kontaktierelementes am Kopplungselement der Fügeabschnitt des Kontaktierelementes seitlich am Kopplungselement vorbeigeführt, wobei das Niederhaltemittel vorzugweise dazu ausgebildet ist das Kontaktierelement auf das Kopplungselement umzubiegen. Vorzugweise ist der Fügeabschnitt des Kopplungselementes zumindest teilweise abgeflacht, insbesondere als flaches Kupferelement, besonders vorzugweise als Kupferband ausgebildet An advantageous development of the invention provides that the main extension direction of the joining section of the contacting element is aligned essentially parallel to the main extension direction of the coupling element in the joining position. The contacting element is preferably arranged essentially perpendicularly to the main direction of extension of the contacting element before it is bent over. The contacting element is preferably bent over springs during the forming, in particular bent by more than 90°. According to a structurally advantageous embodiment of the invention, when the contacting element is arranged on the coupling element, the joining section of the contacting element is guided past the side of the coupling element, with the hold-down means preferably being designed to bend the contacting element onto the coupling element. The joining section of the coupling element is preferably at least partially flattened, in particular designed as a flat copper element, particularly preferably as a copper strip
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung ist das Kopplungselement und alternativ hierzu oder zusätzlich auch das Kontaktierelement als zur Absorption der grünen und/ oder blauen Laserstrahlung ausgebildet. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung kann unter einem Absorptionselement insbesondere ein Element verstanden werden, welches einen Absorptionsgrad für „grüne“ oder „blaue“ Laserstrahlung aufweist, welcher zumindest größer als 20%, vorzugweise größer als 30%, besonders vorteilhaft größer als 40% ist. Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung weisen das Kontaktierelement und alternativ hierzu oder zusätzlich das Kopplungselement aus einem Buntmetall, insbesondere Kupfer oder Aluminium auf. Es ist auch denkbar, dass das Kopplungselement und alternativ hierzu oder zusätzlich auch das Kontaktierelement aus Kupfer besteht. Da Kupfer einen besonders hohen Absorptionsgrad für „grüne“ und „blaue“ Laserstrahlung aufweist kann die Einkopplung der Laserstrahlung ins Grundmaterial grundsätzlich verbessert werden und somit die Beschädigung umliegender Elektronikbauteile vorteilhaft verhindert werden. According to an advantageous development, the coupling element and, alternatively or additionally, also the contacting element are designed to absorb the green and/or blue laser radiation. In the context of the present invention, an absorption element can be understood in particular as an element that has an absorptivity for “green” or “blue” laser radiation that is at least greater than 20%, preferably greater than 30%, particularly advantageously greater than 40%. According to an advantageous development of the invention, the contacting element and, alternatively or additionally, the coupling element are made of a non-ferrous metal, in particular copper or aluminum. It is also conceivable that the coupling element and, alternatively or additionally, also the contacting element are made of copper. Since copper has a particularly high degree of absorption for "green" and "blue" laser radiation, the coupling of the laser radiation into the base material can be fundamentally improved and damage to surrounding electronic components can thus be advantageously prevented.
Eine vorteilhafte Weiterbildung der Erfindung sieht vor, dass das Kopplungselement eine Ausnehmung für das Kontaktierelement aufweist. Vorzugweise weist der Aufnahmeabschnitt eine Durchgangsöffnung, insbesondere eine Durchgangsbohrung aufweist, in welcher das Kontaktierelement angeordnet ist. Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist der Durchmesser der Durchgangsbohrung größer als der Durchmesser des Kontaktierelementes. Eine besonders optimierte Kontaktierung kann dadurch bereitgestellt werden, dass das Kontaktierelement durch die Durchgangsöffnung soweit durchgesteckt wird, dass es einen Überhang, insbesondere einen freien Fügeabschnitt zur Oberfläche des Kopplungselementes aufweist. Das Kontaktierelement durchgreift vorzugweise sowohl die Elektronikeinheit als auch das Kopplungselement vollständig. Nach dem Durchstecken des Kontaktierelementes durch das Kopplungselement wird das Kontaktierelement vorzugweise vom Niederhaltemittel auf das Kopplungselement gedrückt und dort gehalten. Anschließend wird das Kontaktierelement und alternativ auch zusätzlich das Kopplungselement vom Laser aufgeschmolzen. An advantageous development of the invention provides that the coupling element has a recess for the contacting element. The receiving section preferably has a through-opening, in particular a through-hole, in which the contacting element is arranged. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the diameter of the through hole is larger than the diameter of the contacting element. A particularly optimized contacting can be provided in that the contacting element is pushed through the through-opening to such an extent that it has an overhang, in particular a free joining section, to the surface of the coupling element. The contacting element preferably penetrates both the electronics unit and the coupling element completely. After pushing through the Contacting element through the coupling element, the contacting element is preferably pressed by the hold-down means on the coupling element and held there. The contacting element and alternatively also the coupling element are then melted by the laser.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist die Elektronikeinheit eine Platte, insbesondere eine Leiterplatte oder eine Verschalteplatte. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung ist unter einer Platte insbesondere ein im Wesentlichen flaches, vorzugweise im Wesentlichen planes Element zu verstehen, dessen ebene Fläche im Verhältnis zu seiner Dicke sehr groß ist. Die Platte erstreckt sich dabei im Wesentlichen in einer Plattenebene. Das Kontaktierelement weist nach dem Umbiegen eine Haupterstreckungsrichtung auf. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung ist unter der Haupterstreckungsrichtung vorzugweise die Symmetrieachse des Kontaktierungsdrahtes im Bereich des Fügeabschnittes zu verstehen. Eine vorteilhafte Weiterbildung der Erfindung sieht vor, dass die Haupterstreckungsrichtung des Kontaktierelementes im Wesentlichen parallel zur Elektronikeinheit angeordnet ist. According to a preferred development of the invention, the electronics unit is a board, in particular a printed circuit board or an interconnection board. In the context of the present invention, a plate is to be understood in particular as a substantially flat, preferably substantially planar element, the flat surface of which is very large in relation to its thickness. In this case, the plate extends essentially in a plate plane. After being bent over, the contacting element has a main direction of extension. In the context of the present invention, the main extension direction is preferably to be understood as meaning the axis of symmetry of the contacting wire in the region of the joining section. An advantageous development of the invention provides that the main extension direction of the contacting element is arranged essentially parallel to the electronics unit.
Eine vorteilhafte Weiterbildung der Erfindung sieht vor, dass das Kopplungselement als Verbindungsplatte ausgebildet ist, welche auf der Elektronikeinheit angeordnet, insbesondere mittels einem Lot mit der Elektronikeinheit verbunden ausgebildet ist oder in die Elektronikeinheit eingelassen ausgebildet ist. Gemäß einer besonders vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung erstreckt sich das Kopplungselement im Wesentlichen parallel zur Elektronikeinheit. Die Verbindungsplatte kann insbesondere als ein im Wesentlichen flaches, vorzugweise im Wesentlichen planes Element verstanden werden, dessen ebene Fläche im Verhältnis zu seiner Dicke sehr groß ist. An advantageous development of the invention provides that the coupling element is designed as a connecting plate which is arranged on the electronics unit, in particular connected to the electronics unit by means of a solder or is designed embedded in the electronics unit. According to a particularly advantageous development of the invention, the coupling element extends essentially parallel to the electronics unit. In particular, the connecting plate can be understood as a substantially flat, preferably substantially planar element, the planar area of which is very large in relation to its thickness.
Die Verbindungsplatte ist vorzugsweise parallel zur Plattenebene der Leiterplatte ausgerichtet. Eine besonders bevorzugte Weiterbildung der Erfindung sieht vor, dass die Verbindungsplatte in der Plattenebene der Leiterplatte angeordnet ist. Vorteilhafterweise ist die Verbindungsplatte fest mit dem Kopplungselement verbunden ausgebildet. Ist die Verbindungsplatte in die Leiterplatte eingelassen ausgebildet, so kann es von besonderem Vorteil für den Prozess sein, wenn diese bündig mit der Leiterplatte abschließt. Die Erstreckung der Verbindungsplatte in Plattenebene ist vorzugweise um ein Vielfaches kleiner als die Erstreckung der Leiterplatte in Plattenebene. Die Größe der Verbindungsplatte ist vorzugweise an die Größe des Laserspots angepasst. Das Volumen der Verbindungsplatte ist vorzugweise derart dimensioniert, dass eine ausreichend stabile stoffschlüssige, elektrisch leitende Verbindung zwischen dem Kopplungselement und dem Kontaktierelement bereitgestellt werden kann. Es ist dabei von Vorteil, dass ein derartiges Kopplungselement in seiner Dimensionierung, d.h. in seinem Materialquerschnitt und seiner thermischen Absorption so auf den Draht abgestimmt werden kann, dass der Laser Kontaktierelement und Kopplungselement gleichmäßig erwärmt und so ideale Randbedingungen für eine besonders schnelle Prozessführung vorliegen. The connecting plate is preferably aligned parallel to the plane of the printed circuit board. A particularly preferred development of the invention provides that the connecting plate is arranged in the plane of the printed circuit board. Advantageously, the connecting plate is firmly connected to the coupling element. If the connection plate is embedded in the printed circuit board, it can be of particular advantage for the process if it is flush with the printed circuit board. The extent of the connecting plate in the plane of the board is preferably many times smaller than the extent of the printed circuit board in plate level. The size of the connection plate is preferably adapted to the size of the laser spot. The volume of the connecting plate is preferably dimensioned in such a way that a sufficiently stable, materially bonded, electrically conductive connection can be provided between the coupling element and the contacting element. It is advantageous that such a coupling element can be matched to the wire in terms of its dimensions, ie its material cross section and its thermal absorption, so that the laser evenly heats the contacting element and coupling element and thus provides ideal boundary conditions for particularly fast process management.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung des Verfahrens kann das Kopplungselement mit einer eingebetteten Lotpaste bestückt ausgebildet sein. Wird diese Stelle vom Laser ausreichend erwärmt entsteht eine Lötstelle. Es ist auch denkbar, dass das Lot auch als Röhrenlot seitlich zugeführt wird. Das Lot kann sowohl vor, als auch nach dem Durchführen des Kontaktierelementes am Kopplungselement angeordnet werden. According to an advantageous further development of the method, the coupling element can be equipped with an embedded solder paste. If this point is sufficiently heated by the laser, a solder joint is created. It is also conceivable that the solder is also supplied laterally as a tubular solder. The solder can be arranged on the coupling element either before or after the contacting element is passed through.
Die Erfindung betrifft weiterhin eine elektrische Maschine - insbesondere ein elektronisch kommutierter Elektromotor - mit einem Stator aufweisend elektrische Wicklungen mit zumindest einem die Wicklung bildenden Kontaktierelement oder zumindest einem Kontaktierelement zum Verschalten der Wicklungen, wobei zur Bestromung der Wicklungen eine Elektronikeinheit, aufweisend ein Kopplungselement vorgesehen ist. Es wird vorgeschlagen, dass ein Niederhaltemittel das Kontaktierelement auf das Kopplungselement drückt und die elektrische Kontaktierung zwischen dem Kontaktierelement und dem Kopplungselement durch Aufschmelzen des Kontaktierelementes mit einem, grüne oder blaue Laserstrahlung emittierenden Laser bis eine elektrisch leitfähige, stoffschlüssige Verbindung zwischen dem Kontaktierelement und dem Kopplungselement ausgebildet ist, hergestellt wird. The invention also relates to an electrical machine - in particular an electronically commutated electric motor - with a stator having electrical windings with at least one contact element forming the winding or at least one contact element for interconnecting the windings, with an electronic unit having a coupling element being provided for energizing the windings. It is proposed that a hold-down means presses the contacting element onto the coupling element and the electrical contacting between the contacting element and the coupling element is formed by melting the contacting element with a laser emitting green or blue laser radiation until an electrically conductive, materially bonded connection is formed between the contacting element and the coupling element is, is manufactured.
Zeichnungen drawings
In den Zeichnungen sind Ausführungsbeispiele des Verfahrens zur Herstellung einer Kontaktierung eines Kontaktierelementes dargestellt und in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Es zeigen In den verschiedenen Ausführungsvarianten erhalten gleiche Teile die gleichen Bezugszahlen. In the drawings, exemplary embodiments of the method for producing contacting of a contacting element are shown and explained in more detail in the following description. Show it The same parts are given the same reference numbers in the different design variants.
Figur 1 eine schematische Darstellung des Verfahrens, Figuren 2a-2c Schnittdarstellungen einer Elektronikeinheit mit einem Kontaktierungselement gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung, Figuren 3a-3c Schnittdarstellungen einer Elektronikeinheit mit einem Kontaktierungselement gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung, 1 shows a schematic representation of the method, FIGS. 2a-2c sectional representations of an electronic unit with a contacting element according to one embodiment of the invention, FIGS. 3a-3c sectional representations of an electronic unit with a contacting element according to a further embodiment of the invention,
Figur 1 zeigt schematisch den Verfahrensablauf eines Verfahrens 100 zur Herstellung der Kontaktierung eines Kontaktierelementes 20. Ein derartiges Kontaktierungselement 20 kann beispielsweise ein Kontaktierungsdraht oder ein Kontaktierungspin sein. In einem ersten Verfahrensschritt 110 wird ein Kopplungselement 40 bereitgestellt und das Kontaktierelement 20 anschließend am Kopplungselement 40 angeordnet 120. Das Kopplungselement 40 wird vorzugweise an einer Leiterplatte 44a oder einem Zwischenelement 44b, wie beispielsweise einer Verschalteplatte einer Elektronikeinheit 44 angeordnet. Zur Anordnung des Kontaktierelementes 20 am Kopplungselement 40, kann das Kopplungselement 40 beispielsweise einen Aufnahmeabschnitt 15 aufweisen, durch welches das Kontaktierelement durchgeführt werden kann. Der Aufnahmeabschnitt 15 kann beispielsweise eine Durchgangsöffnung im Kopplungselement 40 sein. Eine weitere Ausführungsform der Erfindung kann vorsehen, dass das Kontaktierelement 20 seitlich am Kopplungselement vorbeigeführt wird. Das Kontaktierelement 20 wird dabei vorzugweise in einem Nahbereich des Kopplungselementes 40 angeordnet. Vorzugweise wird das Kontaktierelement 20 möglichst nah an das Kopplungselement 40 herangeführt. Das Niederhaltemittel 80 ist jedoch vorteilhaft dazu ausgebildet das Kontaktierelement derart umzuformen, das auch Distanzen größer 1 mm vom Kontaktierelement überbrückt und auf dem Kopplungselement gefügt werden können. FIG. 1 schematically shows the process sequence of a method 100 for producing the contacting of a contacting element 20. Such a contacting element 20 can be, for example, a contacting wire or a contacting pin. In a first method step 110, a coupling element 40 is provided and the contacting element 20 is then arranged 120 on the coupling element 40. The coupling element 40 is preferably arranged on a circuit board 44a or an intermediate element 44b, such as a wiring board of an electronic unit 44. To arrange the contacting element 20 on the coupling element 40, the coupling element 40 can have, for example, a receiving section 15 through which the contacting element can be passed. The receiving section 15 can be a through-opening in the coupling element 40, for example. A further embodiment of the invention can provide that the contacting element 20 is guided past the side of the coupling element. The contacting element 20 is preferably arranged in the vicinity of the coupling element 40 . The contacting element 20 is preferably brought as close as possible to the coupling element 40 . However, the hold-down means 80 is advantageously designed to reshape the contacting element in such a way that distances greater than 1 mm from the contacting element can also be bridged and joined to the coupling element.
Das Kontaktierelement 20a wird nach dem Anordnen 120 am Kopplungselement vorzugweise in eine Fügeposition 70 bewegt. Anschließend wird das Kontaktierelement 20 in der Fügeposition 70 mittels eines Niederhaltemittels 80 gehalten 130. Ein derartiges Niederhaltemittel 70 kann beispielsweise ein Bondtool, wie ein Fügestempel oder dergleichen sein. In einem anschließenden Verfahrensschritt 140 wird das Kontaktierungselement 20 mit einem, grüne oder blaue Laserstrahlung 210a, 210b emittierenden Laser 64 aufgeschmolzen, bis eine elektrisch leitfähige, stoffschlüssigen Verbindung zwischen dem Kontaktierelement 20 und dem Kopplungselement 40 ausgebildet ist. Vorzugweise wird das Kontaktierelement während des gesamten Fügeprozesses vom Niederhaltemittel 80 in der Fügeposition 70 gehalten. After the arrangement 120 on the coupling element, the contacting element 20a is preferably moved into a joining position 70 . The contacting element 20 is then held 130 in the joining position 70 by means of a hold-down means 80. Such a hold-down means 70 can be, for example, a bonding tool such as a joining die or the like. This is done in a subsequent method step 140 Contacting element 20 is melted with a laser 64 emitting green or blue laser radiation 210a, 210b until an electrically conductive, material connection between the contacting element 20 and the coupling element 40 is formed. The contacting element is preferably held in the joining position 70 by the hold-down means 80 throughout the joining process.
In den Figuren 2a bis 2c ist das Verfahren gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung dargestellt. Gemäß der in den Figuren 2a-2c gezeigten Ausführungsform wird das Kontaktierelement beim Anordnen am Kopplungselement durch das Kopplungselement selbst durchgesteckt. In the figures 2a to 2c, the method is shown according to an embodiment of the invention. According to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 2a-2c, the contacting element is pushed through the coupling element itself when it is arranged on the coupling element.
Figur 2a zeigt das Kontaktierelement 20a nach seiner Anordnung am Kopplungselement 40a in einer vormontierten Position 69. Gemäß der in Figur 2a dargestellten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist die Elektronikeinheit 44 als Leiterplatte 44a ausgebildet. Die Leiterplatte 44a erstreckt sich im Wesentlichen in einer Horizontalebene. Die Leiterplatte44a weist eine Durchgangsöffnung 90 auf. Im Bereich der Durchgangsöffnung 90 der Leiterplatte 44a ist vorteilhaft das Kopplungselement 40 angeordnet. Das Kopplungselement 40 ist vorzugweise mittels eines Kopplungsmittels 42, wie beispielsweise einem Lot mit der Leiterplatte 44a verbunden. Das Kopplungselement 40a erstreckt sich gemäß der in Figur 2 dargestellten Ausführungsform der Erfindung vorteilhaft im Wesentlichen parallel zur Leiterplatte 44a. FIG. 2a shows the contacting element 20a after it has been arranged on the coupling element 40a in a preassembled position 69. According to the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 2a, the electronics unit 44 is designed as a printed circuit board 44a. The printed circuit board 44a essentially extends in a horizontal plane. The printed circuit board 44a has a through opening 90 . The coupling element 40 is advantageously arranged in the area of the through opening 90 of the printed circuit board 44a. The coupling element 40 is preferably connected to the circuit board 44a by means of a coupling means 42, such as a solder. According to the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 2, the coupling element 40a advantageously extends essentially parallel to the printed circuit board 44a.
Vorzugweise weist das Kopplungselement 40a einen Anbindungsabschnitt 15 auf. Der Anbindungsabschnitt 15 ist gemäß der in Figur 2 dargestellten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ebenfalls als Durchgangsöffnung 91 ausgebildet. Vorzugweise sind die beiden Durchgangsöffnungen 90, 91 von Kopplungselement 40 und Leiterplatte 44a im Wesentlichen kollinear, insbesondere achsparallel zueinander angeordnet. The coupling element 40a preferably has a connection section 15 . According to the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. The two through openings 90, 91 of the coupling element 40 and the printed circuit board 44a are preferably arranged essentially collinear, in particular axially parallel to one another.
Vorzugweise sind die Durchgangsöffnungen 90, 91 derart übereinander angeordnet, dass sie eine gemeinsame Durchgangsöffnung für das Kontaktierelement 20 bereitgestellt wird. The through-openings 90, 91 are preferably arranged one above the other in such a way that a common through-opening for the contacting element 20 is provided.
Gemäß der in Figur 2a dargestellten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist das Kopplungselement 40a vorzugweise als Kupferplatte ausgebildet. Nach dem ersten Verfahrensschritt 110, dem Bereitstellen des Kopplungselements 40a, insbesondere dem Anordnen oder Anlöten des Kopplungselementes 40a auf der Leiterplatte 44a, wird ein Kontaktierungselement 20a, vorzugweise ein Kupferdraht oder Kupferpin durch den Aufnahmebereich 15 des Kopplungselementes 40a geführt. Gemäß der in Figur 2a dargestellten Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird das Kontaktierungselement 40a durch die gemeinsame Durchgangsöffnung von Kopplungselement 40a und Leiterplatte 44a geführt According to the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 2a, the coupling element 40a is preferably designed as a copper plate. After the first Method step 110, the provision of the coupling element 40a, in particular the arrangement or soldering of the coupling element 40a on the printed circuit board 44a, a contacting element 20a, preferably a copper wire or copper pin, is guided through the receiving area 15 of the coupling element 40a. According to the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 2a, the contacting element 40a is passed through the common passage opening of the coupling element 40a and the printed circuit board 44a
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist das Kontaktierungselement 20a als Kupferdraht ausgebildet und weist gegebenenfalls einen isolierten Abschnitt 22a auf. Das abisolierte freie Ende 21a des Kupferdrahtes wird vorzugweise derart durch das Kopplungselement 40 durchgeführt, dass es zur über das Kopplungselement 40a steht. Das Kontaktierungselement 20a weist somit nach seiner Anordnung am Kopplungselement 40a (Verfahrensschritt 120) vorzugweise einen freien, über die Fläche des Kopplungselementes 40a überstehenden Fügeabschnitt 54 auf. Das Kontaktierelement 40a weist vorzugweise in dieser vormontierten Position 69 eine Haupterstreckungsrichtung 62 auf. Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist die Haupterstreckungsrichtung 62 in der vormontierten Position 69 vorzugweise im Wesentlichen senkrecht zur Erstreckungsebene der Leiterplatte 44a ausgerichtet. According to an advantageous development of the invention, the contacting element 20a is designed as a copper wire and optionally has an insulated section 22a. The stripped free end 21a of the copper wire is preferably passed through the coupling element 40 in such a way that it protrudes beyond the coupling element 40a. After its arrangement on the coupling element 40a (method step 120), the contacting element 20a thus preferably has a free joining section 54 which protrudes beyond the surface of the coupling element 40a. The contacting element 40a preferably has a main extension direction 62 in this preassembled position 69 . According to an advantageous development of the invention, the main extension direction 62 in the preassembled position 69 is preferably aligned essentially perpendicularly to the extension plane of the printed circuit board 44a.
Nach dem Durchführen des Kontaktierungselementes 20a ist es denkbar, dass das Kontaktierelement 20a aus der vormontierten Position 69 in eine Fügeposition 54 umgeformt, insbesondere umgebogen wird. Dieser Verfahrensschritt ist in Figur 2b dargestellt. Wie in Figur 2b zu erkennen ist, kann der Fügeabschnitt 54 gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung durch das Niederhaltemittel 80 umgebogen werden. Das Niederhaltemittel 80 biegt dabei vorzugweise den Fügeabschnitt 54 von der senkrechten Haupterstreckungsrichtung 62 derart, dass es in der Fügeposition 70 (Figur 2v) am Kopplungselement 40a anliegt. Vorzugweise wird der Fügeabschnitt 54 dabei derart überbogen, dass er über eine Parallelverschiebung der Haupterstreckungsrichtung 62 gebogen wird. Das Kontaktierelement 20a wird dabei gemäß der in den Figuren 2a-2c dargestellten Ausführungsform mehr als 90° gebogen. Ist das Kontaktierungselement 20a in der Fügeposition ausgerichtet, wird der Fügeabschnitt 54 mit einem, grüne oder blaue Laserstrahlung 210a, 21 Ob emittierenden Laser 64 aufgeschmolzen, bis eine elektrisch leitfähige, stoffschlüssigen Verbindung zwischen dem Kontaktierelement 20 und dem Kopplungselement 40 ausgebildet ist (Figur2c). Dabei ergibt sich eine sehr gut leitende stoffschlüssige Verbindung zwischen dem Kontaktierelement 20a und dem Kopplungselement 40a. Die Schmelzzone 220 erstreckt sich dabei vorzugweise bis in das Kopplungselement 40a. Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung wird der Fügeabschnitt 54 während des gesamten Laserschweißprozesses vom Niederhaltemittel 80 in Position gehalten. Das Niederhaltemittel 80 weist vorzugweise zumindest zwei Kraftangriffspunkte 81 a, 81 b am Kontaktierelement 20a auf. After the contacting element 20a has been passed through, it is conceivable that the contacting element 20a is reshaped, in particular bent over, from the preassembled position 69 into a joining position 54 . This method step is shown in FIG. 2b. As can be seen in FIG. 2b, the joining section 54 can be bent over by the hold-down means 80 according to an advantageous development of the invention. The hold-down means 80 preferably bends the joining section 54 from the vertical direction of main extension 62 in such a way that it bears against the coupling element 40a in the joining position 70 (FIG. 2v). The joining section 54 is preferably bent over in such a way that it is bent via a parallel displacement of the main extension direction 62 . The contacting element 20a is bent more than 90° according to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 2a-2c. If the contacting element 20a is aligned in the joining position, the joining section 54 is melted with a laser 64 emitting green or blue laser radiation 210a, 210b until an electrically conductive, material connection is formed between the contacting element 20 and the coupling element 40 (Figure 2c). This results in a very good conductive material connection between the contacting element 20a and the coupling element 40a. The melting zone 220 preferably extends into the coupling element 40a. According to an advantageous development of the invention, the joining section 54 is held in position by the hold-down means 80 throughout the laser welding process. The hold-down means 80 preferably has at least two force application points 81a, 81b on the contacting element 20a.
Gemäß einer besonders vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist das Kopplungselement in seiner Dimensionierung und der Materialauswahl (z.B. thermische Absorption) derart auf das Kontaktierelement 20 abgestimmt, dass der Laser 64 sowohl das Kopplungselement 40, als auch das Kontaktierungselement 20 im Wesentlichen gleichzeitig erwärmt, wodurch Taktzeit und Qualität des Prozesses signifikant verbessert werden können. Durch die Verwendung eines Lasers 64, welcher grüne oder blaue Laserstrahlung 210a, 210b emittiert, kann die Laserstrahlung 210a, 210b vom Kopplungselement 40 und Kontaktierelement 20 besonders gut (im Vergleich infraroten Wellenlängenbereich) absorbiert werden. Das erlaubt die Verwendung eines Lasers 64 von besonders geringer Leistung und Intensität. Zum anderen wird durch die Verwendung von grünen oder blauen Lasern das Risiko benachbarte Bauteile oder Komponenten in einem derartigen Elektromotor durch einen Reflex zu beschädigt, minimiert. According to a particularly advantageous development of the invention, the dimensions and material selection (e.g. thermal absorption) of the coupling element are matched to the contacting element 20 in such a way that the laser 64 heats both the coupling element 40 and the contacting element 20 essentially simultaneously, thereby reducing the cycle time and Quality of the process can be significantly improved. By using a laser 64, which emits green or blue laser radiation 210a, 210b, the laser radiation 210a, 210b can be absorbed particularly well by the coupling element 40 and contacting element 20 (in comparison to the infrared wavelength range). This allows the use of a laser 64 of particularly low power and intensity. On the other hand, the use of green or blue lasers minimizes the risk of damaging neighboring parts or components in such an electric motor through a reflex.
Gemäß der in den Figuren 2a -2c dargestellten Ausführungsform der Erfindung sind sowohl das Kopplungselement 40a als auch das Kontaktierelement 20a vorzugweise als Absorptionselemente zur Absorption der Laserstrahlung 210a, 210b ausgebildet. Sowohl das Kopplungselement 40 als auch das Kontaktierelement 20 weisen vorzugweise ein Buntmetall, insbesondere Kupfer oder Aluminium auf. Vorzugweise sind Sowohl das Kopplungselement 40 als auch das Kontaktierelement 20 aus Kupfer ausgebildet. Vorzugweise bestehen sowohl das Kopplungselement 40 als auch das Kontaktierelement 20 aus Kupfer. Gemäß der in Figur 2a dargestellten Ausführungsform der Erfindung weist das Kopplungselement 40 vorzugweise eine Durchgangsöffnung 90 mit einem Öffnungsdurchmesser 50 auf, durch welche das Kontaktierelement 20 durchgeführt beziehungsweise durchgesteckt wird. Vorzugweise sind das Kontaktierelement 20 und die Durchgangsöffnung 90 des Kopplungselementes 40 derart dimensioniert, dass nach dem Durchführen des Kontaktierelementes 20 durch die Durchgangsöffnung 90 zwischen dem Kopplungselement 40 und dem Kontaktierelement 20 ein Spalt 92 verbleibt. Vorzugweise ist der Spalt 92 umlaufend ausgebildet. Vorzugsweise ist der Abstand zwischen dem Kontaktierelement 20 und dem Kopplungselement umlaufend äquidistant ausgebildet. According to the embodiment of the invention shown in FIGS. 2a-2c, both the coupling element 40a and the contacting element 20a are preferably designed as absorption elements for absorbing the laser radiation 210a, 210b. Both the coupling element 40 and the contacting element 20 preferably have a non-ferrous metal, in particular copper or aluminum. Both the coupling element 40 and the contacting element 20 are preferably made of copper. Both the coupling element 40 and the contacting element 20 are preferably made of copper. According to the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 2a, the coupling element 40 preferably has a through-opening 90 with an opening diameter 50, through which the contacting element 20 is passed or pushed through. The contacting element 20 and the through-opening 90 of the coupling element 40 are preferably dimensioned such that after the contacting element 20 has been passed through the through-opening 90 a gap 92 remains between the coupling element 40 and the contacting element 20 . Preferably, the gap 92 is circumferential. Preferably, the spacing between the contacting element 20 and the coupling element is equidistant around the circumference.
Vorzugweise weist der Kontaktierungsdraht 20 einen Drahtdurchmesser zwischen 0,2 und 3mm, insbesondere zwischen 0,3mm und 2,6mm, besonders vorzugweise zwischen 0,5mm und 2mm auf. Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung weist der Fügeabschnitt 54 des Kontaktierungselementes eine Länge von einigen mm auf. The contacting wire 20 preferably has a wire diameter of between 0.2 and 3 mm, in particular between 0.3 mm and 2.6 mm, particularly preferably between 0.5 mm and 2 mm. According to an advantageous development of the invention, the joining section 54 of the contacting element has a length of a few mm.
In der Figur 3 ist ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung gezeigt. Die nachfolgende Beschreibung und die Zeichnung beschränken sich im Wesentlichen auf die Unterschiede zwischen den Ausführungsbeispielen, wobei bezüglich gleich bezeichneter Bauteile, insbesondere in Bezug auf Bauteile mit gleichen Bezugszeichen, grundsätzlich auch auf die Zeichnungen und/oder die Beschreibung der anderen Ausführungsbeispiele, insbesondere der Figur 2a, verwiesen werden kann. A further exemplary embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. The following description and the drawing are essentially limited to the differences between the exemplary embodiments, whereby with regard to components with the same designation, in particular with regard to components with the same reference numbers, in principle also to the drawings and/or the description of the other exemplary embodiments, in particular FIG. 2a , can be referenced.
Figur 3a zeigt eine Anordnung vor dem Laserschweißen der Kontaktierung. Gemäß der in Figur 3a dargestellten Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird das Kontaktierelement 20b seitlich am Kopplungselement 40b vorbeigeführt. Das Kopplungselement 40b ist mittels einem Lot 24 auf einer Leiterplatte 44b angeordnet. Der Fügeabschnitt 54 des Kontaktierelementes 40b wird vom Niederhaltemittel 80 umgebogen. Gemäß der in den Figuren 3a-3c dargestellten Ausführungsform der Erfindung weist das Kopplungselement 40b vorzugweise eine Einlegenut 300 auf. Die Einlegenut 30b ist vorzugweise als Offene, vorzugweise im Wesentlichen rinnenförmige Nut in das Kopplungselement 40b eingebracht. Vorzugweise ist die Einlegenut 300 dazu ausgebildet einen wesentlichen Teil des Fügeabschnittes 54 des Kontaktierelementes 20b aufzunehmen. FIG. 3a shows an arrangement before the laser welding of the contacts. According to the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 3a, the contacting element 20b is guided past the side of the coupling element 40b. The coupling element 40b is arranged on a printed circuit board 44b by means of a solder 24 . The joining section 54 of the contacting element 40b is bent over by the hold-down means 80 . According to the embodiment of the invention shown in FIGS. 3a-3c, the coupling element 40b preferably has an insertion groove 300. The insertion groove 30b is preferably an open, preferably essentially channel-shaped groove in the Coupling element 40b introduced. The insertion groove 300 is preferably designed to accommodate a substantial part of the joining section 54 of the contacting element 20b.
Figur 3c zeigt einen Schnitt durch das Kontaktierelement 40b entlang der Schnittlinie C-C gemäß Figur 2. Wie in Figur 3c deutlich zu erkennen ist, ist gemäß dieser Ausführungsform die Einlegenut 300 in der Oberfläche des Kopplungselementes 40b eingeformt. Die Einlegenut 30b ist in ihrem Querschnitt vorzugsweise auf die Kontur des Kontaktierelementes20b angestimmt. Mittels des Niederhaltemittels 80 wird das Kontaktierelement 20b vorzugweise in die Einlegenut 300 eingedrückt und dort gehalten. Durch das Einlegen des Kontaktierungsdrahtes 20b in die Einlegenut 300 vor dem Aufschmelzen mit dem Laser 64 kann zum einen die Fügeposition eindeutig definiert werden, zum anderen kann durch die Ausbildung der gemeinsamen Schmelzfront 301 eine besonders stabile Kontaktierung bereitgestellt werden. FIG. 3c shows a section through the contacting element 40b along the section line CC according to FIG. 2. As can be clearly seen in FIG. 3c, the insertion groove 300 is formed in the surface of the coupling element 40b according to this embodiment. The cross section of the insertion groove 30b is preferably matched to the contour of the contacting element 20b. The contacting element 20b is preferably pressed into the insertion groove 300 by means of the hold-down means 80 and held there. By inserting the contacting wire 20b into the insertion groove 300 before melting with the laser 64, the joining position can be clearly defined on the one hand, and on the other hand a particularly stable contact can be provided by forming the common melting front 301.
In Figur 3b ist das Aufschmelzen des Kontaktierungselementes 20b dargestellt. Vorzugweise werden sowohl das Kontaktierungselement 20b als auch das Kopplungselement 40b gemeinsam aufgeschmolzen. Vorzugweise erstreckt sich die Schmelzfront 301 bis in das Kopplungselement 40b auf diese Weise kann eine stabile Verbindung bereitgestellt werden. FIG. 3b shows the melting of the contacting element 20b. Both the contacting element 20b and the coupling element 40b are preferably melted on together. The melting front 301 preferably extends into the coupling element 40b, in this way a stable connection can be provided.
Claims
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102021214719.4A DE102021214719A1 (en) | 2021-12-20 | 2021-12-20 | Method for producing an electrical contact in an electrical machine |
| PCT/EP2022/086912 WO2023118084A1 (en) | 2021-12-20 | 2022-12-20 | Method for establishing electrical contact in an electric machine |
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| EP4454423A1 true EP4454423A1 (en) | 2024-10-30 |
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| EP22839327.8A Withdrawn EP4454423A1 (en) | 2021-12-20 | 2022-12-20 | Method for establishing electrical contact in an electric machine |
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| EP (1) | EP4454423A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102021214719A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2023118084A1 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102024200047A1 (en) * | 2024-01-04 | 2025-07-10 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Positioning unit for a busbar element in a module pocket element |
| DE102024201482A1 (en) * | 2024-02-19 | 2025-08-21 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Capacitor unit |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5092412B2 (en) * | 2007-01-12 | 2012-12-05 | 日本電産株式会社 | Resolver and method for producing resolver |
| DE102012013027A1 (en) * | 2012-07-02 | 2014-01-02 | Sew-Eurodrive Gmbh & Co Kg | System, useful for electrically connecting winding wire to conductive path of printed circuit board, comprises wire interconnected with press-in element that comprises foot for pressing recess of multilayer printed circuit board |
| KR102762732B1 (en) * | 2017-01-31 | 2025-02-04 | 누부루 인크. | Methods and systems for welding copper using blue laser |
| DE102017206545A1 (en) * | 2017-04-19 | 2018-08-09 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Method for connecting a first metallic workpiece to a second metallic workpiece by means of a laser beam |
| DE102019211070B3 (en) * | 2019-07-25 | 2020-12-10 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Manufacturing process for welding a copper conductor to a workpiece, workpiece and vehicle |
-
2021
- 2021-12-20 DE DE102021214719.4A patent/DE102021214719A1/en active Pending
-
2022
- 2022-12-20 EP EP22839327.8A patent/EP4454423A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2022-12-20 WO PCT/EP2022/086912 patent/WO2023118084A1/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102021214719A1 (en) | 2023-06-22 |
| WO2023118084A1 (en) | 2023-06-29 |
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