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EP4449041B1 - Heat exchange device comprising flow restriction devices, air conditioning system and vehicle - Google Patents

Heat exchange device comprising flow restriction devices, air conditioning system and vehicle

Info

Publication number
EP4449041B1
EP4449041B1 EP22835344.7A EP22835344A EP4449041B1 EP 4449041 B1 EP4449041 B1 EP 4449041B1 EP 22835344 A EP22835344 A EP 22835344A EP 4449041 B1 EP4449041 B1 EP 4449041B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flow
transfer fluid
heat
internal layer
fluid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP22835344.7A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP4449041A1 (en
Inventor
Florian BONNIVARD
Grégoire HANSS
Anthony SERIEYE
Vincent Letellier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Liebherr Aerospace Toulouse SAS
Original Assignee
Liebherr Aerospace Toulouse SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Liebherr Aerospace Toulouse SAS filed Critical Liebherr Aerospace Toulouse SAS
Publication of EP4449041A1 publication Critical patent/EP4449041A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4449041B1 publication Critical patent/EP4449041B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D9/0062—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
    • F28F3/025—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being corrugated, plate-like elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2250/00—Arrangements for modifying the flow of the heat exchange media, e.g. flow guiding means; Particular flow patterns
    • F28F2250/10—Particular pattern of flow of the heat exchange media
    • F28F2250/106—Particular pattern of flow of the heat exchange media with cross flow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
    • F28F9/028—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits by using inserts for modifying the pattern of flow inside the header box, e.g. by using flow restrictors or permeable bodies or blocks with channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
    • F28F9/0282—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits by varying the geometry of conduit ends, e.g. by using inserts or attachments for modifying the pattern of flow at the conduit inlet or outlet

Definitions

  • the invention relates in particular to a plate heat exchange device, two different heat transfer fluids circulating between said plates so as to cool or heat a first fluid using a second fluid, the two fluids being separated from each other by plates in contact with which said heat exchange takes place.
  • Plate heat exchangers integrated into naturally aspirated vehicles are often subject to strong temperature gradients.
  • thermomechanical resistance linked to the temperature gradients experienced by the heat exchange devices of atmospheric vehicles, and in particular aircraft have already been proposed to increase the thermomechanical resistance linked to the temperature gradients experienced by the heat exchange devices of atmospheric vehicles, and in particular aircraft.
  • EP 2 840 345 offers for example a cross-flow heat exchanger whose spacers arranged in the hot pass and the cold pass of the exchanger have slots intended to reinforce the mechanical resistance of the spacers and to limit the propagation of a crack which would be formed following thermal deformation.
  • thermomechanical resistance of a heat exchange device does not allow the thermomechanical resistance of a heat exchange device to temperature gradients to be satisfactorily increased.
  • a heat exchanger according to EP 2 840 345 does not prevent deterioration of the elements of the exchanger block under the effect of the various stresses undergone by such a heat exchanger, in particular in an aircraft.
  • the invention therefore aims to propose a heat exchange device making it possible to overcome these drawbacks.
  • a plate heat exchanger comprising a casing inside which are arranged the plates forming cells for circulating a first fluid, another fluid circulating in the casing around said cells.
  • Corrugated sheets on either side of a flat sheet may be provided in the cells so as to increase the heat transmitting surface, the corrugations of these sheets forming channels extending parallel to the direction of circulation of the fluid in said cells.
  • the invention aims to provide a heat exchange device having very low sensitivity to temperature gradients.
  • the invention aims in particular to provide a heat exchange device having excellent structural cohesion which is stable over time.
  • the invention also aims to provide a heat exchange device having excellent efficiency.
  • a heat exchange device therefore makes it possible to limit the heat exchanges in at least one internal end layer, in particular a cold layer, of such a heat exchange device in order to limit the temperature drop in this layer compared to the temperature at the core of the exchanger block.
  • a heat exchange device therefore makes it possible to limit the temperature differences between the ends and the core of the bundle of such an exchanger as well as the resulting deformations. This results in better structural continuity of said heat exchange device over time as well as greater mechanical resistance to thermo-mechanical conditions. This thus makes it possible to avoid the breakage of certain parts, which may occur for example following a rotation of a closing bar of the bundle of a heat exchange device around its initial longitudinal axis.
  • only said internal end layers comprise one (or more) flow limiting device(s).
  • said flow limiting devices are only present in said internal end layers, i.e. the first internal circulation layer of said first heat transfer fluid and the last internal circulation layer of said first heat transfer fluid.
  • the heat exchange device also comprises a passage, called the passage of the second heat transfer fluid, allowing the circulation of a flow of the second heat transfer fluid in the circulation enclosure between the second inlet and the second outlet.
  • the heat exchange device is adapted to allow the circulation of the second heat transfer fluid in the passage of the second heat transfer fluid, in a direction, called the circulation direction of the second fluid, orthogonal to the circulation direction of the first fluid.
  • the first heat transfer fluid circulates, in said circulation enclosure, in a direction, called the main circulation direction of the first fluid, extending between the first inlet and the first outlet, said circulation direction of the first fluid being orthogonal to the direction, called the direction of circulation of the second fluid, in which the second heat transfer fluid circulates, in said circulation enclosure, between the second inlet and the second outlet.
  • the second heat transfer fluid is adapted to form a second flow of heat transfer fluid circulating, in said circulation enclosure, according to the direction of circulation of the second fluid, between the second inlet and the second outlet, said direction of circulation of the second fluid being orthogonal to the main direction of circulation of the first fluid.
  • the first heat transfer fluid and the second heat transfer fluid circulate in the spaces between the internal plates closed laterally by closing bars (or rods).
  • the second heat transfer fluid may correspond to the fluid whose temperature is higher than the temperature of the first heat transfer fluid or vice versa.
  • the second heat transfer fluid corresponds to the heat transfer fluid whose temperature is higher than the temperature of the first heat transfer fluid.
  • the first heat transfer fluid may be called the “cold” fluid and the second heat transfer fluid may be called the “hot” fluid.
  • each internal end layer is configured to allow the passage of a non-zero flow of said first heat transfer fluid, the temperature of said second heat transfer fluid being higher than the temperature of said first heat transfer fluid.
  • said internal end layers are layers inside which the “cold” fluid circulates, that is to say the first heat transfer fluid whose temperature is lower than the temperature of the second heat transfer fluid.
  • each heat transfer fluid may be in liquid or gaseous form.
  • the state of the first heat transfer fluid may be identical to or different from the state of the second heat transfer fluid.
  • the first heat transfer fluid and the second heat transfer fluid are in gaseous form.
  • each flow limiting device comprises at least one portion extending substantially along a plane intersecting (non-parallel) to the main direction of circulation of the first fluid so as to be able to at least partially hinder the circulation of said first flow of fluid in said internal end layer.
  • each flow limiter device comprises at least one flat portion (or face) extending substantially orthogonally to the main direction of circulation of the first fluid.
  • each flow limiting device comprises at least one flow guide adapted to be in the form of a plurality of channels substantially parallel to each other, each flow guide being arranged in each first internal layer and in each last internal layer so that said channels extend in a direction substantially orthogonal to the main direction of circulation of the first fluid.
  • the channels of each flow guide are at least partly formed by side walls, these walls forming said flat portions extending mainly in a direction not substantially parallel to the main direction of circulation of the first fluid so as to be able to at least partly hinder the circulation of said first flow of fluid in said end internal layer.
  • Such a flow guide may extend throughout said first internal layer and said last internal layer of the exchanger block.
  • each flow limiting device extends throughout said first internal layer and said last internal layer of the exchanger block.
  • Such a flow guide may also extend only in one or more portions of said first internal layer and said last internal layer of the exchanger block.
  • each flow limiting device consisting of a flow guide so that the channels are arranged forming an angle of less than 90° with the main direction of circulation of the first fluid in the end layer, in particular an angle of between 35° and 90°.
  • said flow limiting device comprises at least one flow guide having a corrugated shape.
  • a flow guide can take various forms and appear for example in the form of a corrugated sheet or a corrugated strip or even zig-zag fins.
  • each flow guide is formed from a plurality of successive sections each having a crenellated profile, so as to form guide walls and surface contact zones with the plates.
  • a flow guide commonly called an “offset” flow guide
  • two successive sections are laterally offset, so that the guide walls of a section located directly adjacent to another section are laterally offset (in a direction parallel to the external plates of the exchanger block) relative to the guide walls of the latter.
  • the flow limiting device comprises at least one bar, called a flow limiting bar, extending mainly in a longitudinal direction, said bar being arranged so that the longitudinal direction of said bar is orthogonal to the main direction of circulation of said first fluid, said bar having at least one through opening, in particular at least two through openings, adapted to allow the passage of a flow of said first heat transfer fluid through said through openings.
  • Said flow limiting bar may be arranged at the inlet or at the outlet of the inner end layer (the inlet and the outlet being defined relative to the direction of circulation of the heat transfer fluid in said inner layer) or in any intermediate position between the inlet and the outlet of said inner end layer.
  • said flow limiting bar is arranged at the inlet of each inner end layer.
  • said flow limiting bar partially or completely closes the heat transfer fluid passage section of the first internal end layer and/or of the last internal end layer, with the exception of said through openings.
  • the number, distribution, size and shape of said through openings provided in each flow limiting bar may vary.
  • Such flow guides may also be interposed between the so-called central internal plates, distinct from the end internal plates, i.e. arranged between the first and last end internal plates of the exchanger block.
  • each internal layer called the central internal layer, arranged between said first internal layer and said last internal layer of said exchanger block, is provided with at least one flow guide adapted to form a plurality of channels substantially parallel to each other, each flow guide being arranged in said central internal layer so that said channels extend in a direction substantially parallel to the main direction of circulation of the heat transfer fluid in said central internal layer.
  • Each flow guide may have a corrugated shape, the height of the corrugations being substantially equal to the distance between central internal plates.
  • each flow guide has a plurality of external zones and internal zones in surface contact with the inner face of the internal plates.
  • Each flow guide may have a plurality of undulations so as to form a plurality of circulation channels for the first heat transfer fluid and the second heat transfer fluid in the circulation enclosure.
  • Each flow guide may have a regularly undulating profile in a periodic shape, for example of the sinusoidal or crenellated type.
  • Each flow guide may be secured to the central internal plates by a plurality of surface contacts.
  • each flow guide may be secured to the central internal plates, for example by brazing or welding.
  • the internal layers, called central internal layers, arranged between said first internal layer and said last internal layer are devoid of a flow limiting device.
  • the flow guides possibly provided within said internal layers and arranged in such a way that the circulation channels of said flow guides are oriented substantially parallel to the direction of circulation of the fluid in the internal layer, are not considered as flow limiting within the meaning of the present invention. In this way, the heat exchanges being reduced only within the internal end layers of the exchanger block, this makes it possible to limit the thermal gradient between the internal end layers and the central internal layers of such an exchanger block.
  • the circulation enclosure has a closed periphery that is impervious to heat transfer fluids (at least in operation and without taking into account the inlets and outlets for the first heat transfer fluid and for the second heat transfer fluid).
  • the first inlet has an inlet for the first heat transfer fluid into the circulation enclosure.
  • the first outlet has an outlet for the first heat transfer fluid out of the circulation enclosure.
  • each outlet has a single orifice forming an inlet or outlet, an opening towards the circulation enclosure and/or towards the plate exchanger block, and a solid peripheral wall between this orifice and this opening.
  • Each orifice of each mouth can be connected to an inlet or outlet pipe for the first heat transfer fluid.
  • the path of the first flow of heat transfer fluid and the path of the second flow of heat transfer fluid inside the exchanger block can be substantially rectilinear. It is of course also possible to use any other type of plate exchanger block, for example in which the flow of one and/or the other of the first or second heat transfer fluid follows a U-shaped or S-shaped path.
  • the heat exchange device according to the invention can be formed from at least one material chosen from metallic materials, composite materials, polymer materials, ceramic materials, in particular graphite, glass, etc.
  • the plates are formed from metallic material, in particular from at least one material chosen from the group formed from steels, copper, aluminum, metal alloys (superalloys in particular) and mixtures thereof.
  • the invention also relates to a heat exchange device, an air conditioning system and a vehicle comprising at least one such air conditioning system characterized in combination by all or part of the characteristics mentioned above or below.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an exchanger block 12 of a heat exchange device according to a first embodiment of the invention.
  • a first and a second heat transfer fluid circulate in the spaces between the internal plates 13, 14, 15, 16 and closed laterally by closing bars 60, 62.
  • the internal plates 13, 14, 15, 16 are arranged parallel to each other.
  • the first heat transfer fluid called the “cold” fluid, circulates in circulation zones of the first heat transfer fluid according to a main direction of circulation of the first fluid between a first inlet 4 and a first outlet 6.
  • the second heat transfer fluid circulates in circulation zones of the second heat transfer fluid, distinct from the circulation zones of the first heat transfer fluid, between a second inlet 8 and a second outlet 10.
  • the internal plates 13, 14, 15, 16 are arranged parallel to the external plates 2.
  • a first internal layer allows the circulation of the first heat transfer fluid between the first internal end plate 14 and an internal plate 18 adjacent to said first internal end plate (the internal plate 18 being the second internal plate of the exchanger block 12), and a last internal layer allows the circulation of the first heat transfer fluid between the last internal plate 16 of the exchanger block and an internal plate adjacent to said last internal plate.
  • At least one flow limiting device is arranged in each end layer, i.e. in the first inner layer and in the last inner layer, the latter extending substantially orthogonally to the main direction of circulation of the first fluid, so as to at least partially hinder the circulation of the first fluid flow in the first inner layer and in the last inner layer.
  • each flow limiting device continues to allow the circulation of a non-zero fluid flow in the first inner layer and in the last inner layer.
  • Only the end inner layers comprise a flow limiting device, the flow limiting devices being exclusively present in the end inner layers, i.e. the first inner layer for circulation of said first heat transfer fluid and the last inner layer for circulation of said first heat transfer fluid, so as to more significantly hinder the circulation of the first heat transfer fluid in each end inner layer than in the central inner layers.
  • such an exchanger block is placed in a circulation enclosure delimited by at least two external side plates 2.
  • each end layer being in contact with a single other internal heat exchange plate, it only contributes to cooling one internal layer, unlike the central internal layers which cool two.
  • the temperature within the cold end internal layers is therefore lower than that within the other central internal layers of the exchanger block.
  • the flow limiting device consists of a flow guide 20, 25 forming a plurality of channels parallel to each other, but arranged transversely to the flow of the first heat transfer fluid.
  • Each flow guide 20, 25 is therefore arranged in the first internal layer (see Figure 2 ) and in the last inner layer so that said channels extend in a direction substantially orthogonal to the main direction of circulation of the first fluid. It is also possible to arrange each flow limiting device consisting of a flow guide so that the channels are arranged forming an angle of less than 90° with the main direction of circulation of the first fluid in the end layer, for example an angle of between 35° and 90°.
  • Each flow guide 20, 25, 51 is formed from a plurality of successive sections each having a crenellated profile, so as to form guide walls and surface contact zones with the internal plates.
  • a flow guide commonly called an “offset” flow guide as illustrated in Figure 3 two successive sections are offset laterally by a distance called half-step 52, so that the guide walls of a section located directly adjacent to another section are laterally offset (in a direction parallel to the external plates of the exchanger block) relative to the guide walls of the latter. It is therefore possible to choose, depending on the case, the height of the corrugations, the pitch 53 of each flow guide or the pitch 54 of offset between each section ("offset").
  • the 90° arrangement with the main direction of circulation of the first fluid makes it possible to limit as much as possible the flow rate of the heat transfer fluid flow in the end layer, and therefore limits as much as possible the temperature gradients in the exchanger block 12.
  • the closer said angle is to 90° relative to the main direction of circulation of the first fluid the more the flow rate of the heat transfer fluid flow is hindered.
  • the flow guide 20, 25 extends throughout the first internal layer and the last internal layer of the exchanger block 12. This has the particular advantage of making it possible to maintain the structural continuity of the exchanger block.
  • the heat exchange device comprises only two end layers, i.e. the first inner layer and the last inner layer provided with a flow limiting device (only the first cold inner layer from each end).
  • the heat exchange device further comprises a flow limiting device in the third inner layer and/or in the antepenultimate inner layer (i.e. the second cold inner layer from each end of the exchanger block 12).
  • the flow limiting device is made up of a flow limiting bar 30 arranged so that its longitudinal direction is orthogonal to the main direction of circulation of said first fluid.
  • Each flow limiting bar 30 has through openings 32 adapted to allow the passage of a flow of the first heat transfer fluid through said through openings.
  • the flow limiting bar 30 may be arranged at the inlet and/or outlet of the inner end layer or in any intermediate position between the inlet and the outlet of the inner end layer.
  • the flow limiting bar 30 is arranged at the inlet of the first inner end layer ( Figure 4 ) and at the entrance of the last internal end layer, i.e. along an edge of each of the internal plates 14, 18, 16 defining the internal end layers.
  • each inner layer called the central inner layer, arranged between said first inner layer and said last inner layer of said exchanger block, may also comprise at least one flow guide 50 arranged so that said channels extend in a direction substantially parallel to the main direction of circulation of the heat transfer fluid in this central inner layer.
  • a flow guide 50 may extend throughout the entire inner layer or only in certain portions. In the embodiments shown, flow guides 50 extend in each of the central inner layers and in the integrity of each central inner layer.
  • FIG. 5 represents the variation of the temperature in an exchanger block such as that described according to the second embodiment, under conditions of use in an aircraft, the temperature in °C of each internal plate of the exchanger block 12 being represented along the ordinate axis and the number of plates internal plates of the exchanger block according to the abscissa axis (here 42 internal plates, each point represented on the Figure 5 corresponding to an internal plate).
  • a heat exchange device therefore effectively limits temperature gradients likely to damage the exchanger block.
  • the invention is not limited to the embodiments described.
  • the flow guides or the openings provided through the closing bar may be of different shapes, etc.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Description

Domaine technique de l'inventionTechnical field of the invention

L'invention concerne un dispositif d'échange thermique, notamment un échangeur de chaleur pour un aéronef, comprenant au moins un dispositif limiteur de débit.The invention relates to a heat exchange device, in particular a heat exchanger for an aircraft, comprising at least one flow limiting device.

L'invention concerne en particulier un dispositif d'échange thermique à plaques, deux fluides caloporteurs différents circulant entre lesdites plaques de façon à refroidir ou à réchauffer un premier fluide à l'aide d'un deuxième fluide, les deux fluides étant séparés l'un de l'autre par des plaques au contact desquelles s'effectue ledit échange thermique.The invention relates in particular to a plate heat exchange device, two different heat transfer fluids circulating between said plates so as to cool or heat a first fluid using a second fluid, the two fluids being separated from each other by plates in contact with which said heat exchange takes place.

Les échangeurs de chaleur à plaques intégrés dans des véhicules atmosphériques sont souvent soumis à de forts gradients de température.Plate heat exchangers integrated into naturally aspirated vehicles are often subject to strong temperature gradients.

Ces sollicitations répétées font encourir des risques de rupture prématurée des éléments du bloc échangeur (également appelé « faisceau ») et d'apparition de fuites de fluide circulant dans l'échangeur.These repeated stresses create risks of premature rupture of the elements of the exchanger block (also called "bundle") and of the appearance of leaks of fluid circulating in the exchanger.

Or, il est nécessaire de conserver une continuité structurelle du faisceau de tels échangeurs de chaleur, en particulier au cours de sa fabrication, susceptible d'impliquer notamment des étapes de brasage. Il est également souhaitable de conserver une rigidité structurelle vis-à-vis des efforts induits par les contraintes extérieures (efforts aux interfaces, pression, vibrations...).However, it is necessary to maintain structural continuity of the bundle of such heat exchangers, particularly during its manufacture, which may involve brazing steps. It is also desirable to maintain structural rigidity with respect to the forces induced by external constraints (forces at the interfaces, pressure, vibrations, etc.).

Arrière-plan technologiqueTechnological background

Différentes solutions ont déjà été proposées pour augmenter la résistance thermo-mécanique liée aux gradients de température subis par les dispositifs d'échange thermique de véhicules atmosphériques, et en particulier d'aéronefs.Various solutions have already been proposed to increase the thermomechanical resistance linked to the temperature gradients experienced by the heat exchange devices of atmospheric vehicles, and in particular aircraft.

EP 2 840 345 propose par exemple un échangeur de chaleur à flux croisés dont les intercalaires disposés dans la passe chaude et la passe froide de l'échangeur présentent des fentes destinées à renforcer la résistance mécanique des intercalaires et à limiter la propagation d'une fissure qui serait formée suite à une déformation thermique. EP 2 840 345 offers for example a cross-flow heat exchanger whose spacers arranged in the hot pass and the cold pass of the exchanger have slots intended to reinforce the mechanical resistance of the spacers and to limit the propagation of a crack which would be formed following thermal deformation.

Un tel dispositif ne permet pas d'augmenter de façon satisfaisante la résistance thermo-mécanique d'un dispositif d'échange thermique aux gradients de température.Such a device does not allow the thermomechanical resistance of a heat exchange device to temperature gradients to be satisfactorily increased.

Un échangeur de chaleur selon EP 2 840 345 ne permet pas d'empêcher la détérioration des éléments du bloc échangeur sous l'effet des diverses sollicitations subies pas un tel échangeur de chaleur, en particulier dans un aéronef.A heat exchanger according to EP 2 840 345 does not prevent deterioration of the elements of the exchanger block under the effect of the various stresses undergone by such a heat exchanger, in particular in an aircraft.

L'invention vise donc à proposer un dispositif d'échange thermique permettant de pallier ces inconvénients.The invention therefore aims to propose a heat exchange device making it possible to overcome these drawbacks.

On connait également de GB 654 395 un échangeur de chaleur à plaques comprenant un carter à l'intérieur duquel sont disposées les plaques formant des cellules de circulation d'un premier fluide, un autre fluide circulant dans le carter autour desdites cellules. Des feuillets ondulés de part et d'autre d'un feuillet plan peuvent être prévus dans les cellules de façon à augmenter la surface transmettrice de chaleur, les ondulations de ces feuillets formant des canaux s'étendant parallèlement à la direction de circulation du fluide dans lesdites cellules.We also know of GB 654 395 a plate heat exchanger comprising a casing inside which are arranged the plates forming cells for circulating a first fluid, another fluid circulating in the casing around said cells. Corrugated sheets on either side of a flat sheet may be provided in the cells so as to increase the heat transmitting surface, the corrugations of these sheets forming channels extending parallel to the direction of circulation of the fluid in said cells.

On connait également de US 2013/191079 un échangeur de chaleur à plaques et intercalaires à courants croisés comprenant des barres bloquantes poreuses disposées parallèlement à la direction selon laquelle s'écoule le flux de fluide froid, chaque barre bloquante comprenant des pores permettant de contrôler le flux de fluide chaud en entrée de la passe chaude.We also know of US 2013/191079 a cross-flow plate and spacer heat exchanger comprising porous blocking bars arranged parallel to the direction in which the cold fluid flow is flowing, each blocking bar comprising pores for controlling the flow of hot fluid entering the hot pass.

Objectifs de l'inventionObjectives of the invention

L'invention vise à fournir un dispositif d'échange thermique présentant une très faible sensibilité aux gradients de température.The invention aims to provide a heat exchange device having very low sensitivity to temperature gradients.

L'invention vise en particulier à fournir un dispositif d'échange thermique présentant une excellente cohésion structurelle stable dans le temps.The invention aims in particular to provide a heat exchange device having excellent structural cohesion which is stable over time.

L'invention vise également à fournir un dispositif d'échange thermique présentant une excellente efficacité.The invention also aims to provide a heat exchange device having excellent efficiency.

Exposé de l'inventionStatement of the invention

Pour ce faire, l'invention concerne un dispositif d'échange thermique comprenant :

  • une enceinte de circulation délimitée par au moins une première plaque latérale, dite première plaque externe, et au moins une deuxième plaque latérale, dite deuxième plaque externe,
  • une première entrée d'un premier fluide caloporteur dans l'enceinte de circulation,
  • une première sortie du premier fluide caloporteur hors de l'enceinte,
  • une deuxième entrée d'un deuxième fluide caloporteur dans l'enceinte de circulation,
  • une deuxième sortie du deuxième fluide caloporteur hors de l'enceinte,
  • un bloc échangeur à plaques disposé dans l'enceinte de circulation de façon à être en communication de fluide avec les entrées et les sorties pour permettre la circulation du premier fluide caloporteur et du deuxième fluide caloporteur dans et à travers ce bloc échangeur et le transfert de calories entre eux, ledit bloc échangeur étant adapté pour permettre la circulation d'un premier flux de fluide caloporteur dans ladite enceinte de circulation selon une direction, dite direction principale de circulation du premier fluide, entre la première entrée et la première sortie,
  • ledit bloc échangeur comprenant une pluralité de plaques internes disposées sensiblement parallèlement les unes par rapport aux autres entre deux extrémités dudit bloc échangeur, chaque espace entre deux plaques internes adjacentes définissant une couche, dite couche interne, de circulation d'un dudit premier fluide caloporteur et dudit deuxième fluide caloporteur, lesdites plaques internes étant disposées sensiblement parallèlement aux plaques externes,
caractérisé en ce que la première couche interne de circulation dudit premier fluide caloporteur et la dernière couche interne de circulation dudit premier fluide caloporteur, dites couches internes d'extrémité, comprennent chacune au moins un dispositif, dit dispositif limiteur de débit, configuré pour pouvoir entraver au moins en partie la circulation dudit premier flux de fluide dans ladite couche interne d'extrémité, tout en permettant la circulation d'un flux de fluide non nul.To do this, the invention relates to a heat exchange device comprising:
  • a circulation enclosure delimited by at least a first side plate, called the first external plate, and at least a second side plate, called the second external plate,
  • a first entry of a first heat transfer fluid into the circulation enclosure,
  • a first exit of the first heat transfer fluid from the enclosure,
  • a second inlet of a second heat transfer fluid into the circulation enclosure,
  • a second outlet of the second heat transfer fluid outside the enclosure,
  • a plate exchanger block arranged in the circulation enclosure so as to be in fluid communication with the inlets and outlets to allow the circulation of the first heat transfer fluid and the second heat transfer fluid in and through this exchanger block and the transfer of calories between them, said exchanger block being adapted to allow the circulation of a first flow of heat transfer fluid in said circulation enclosure in a direction, called the main direction of circulation of the first fluid, between the first inlet and the first outlet,
  • said exchanger block comprising a plurality of internal plates arranged substantially parallel to each other between two ends of said exchanger block, each space between two adjacent internal plates defining a layer, called internal layer, for circulation of one of said first heat transfer fluid and said second heat transfer fluid, said internal plates being arranged substantially parallel to the external plates,
characterized in that the first internal layer for circulation of said first heat transfer fluid and the last internal layer for circulation of said first heat transfer fluid, called internal end layers, each comprise at least one device, called a flow limiter device, configured to be able to at least partially hinder the circulation of said first flow of fluid in said internal layer end, while allowing the circulation of a non-zero fluid flow.

Un dispositif d'échange thermique selon l'invention permet donc de limiter les échanges thermiques dans au moins une couche interne d'extrémité, en particulier une couche froide, d'un tel dispositif d'échange thermique afin de limiter la baisse de température dans cette couche par rapport à la température au cœur du bloc échangeur. Un dispositif d'échange thermique selon l'invention permet par conséquent de limiter les différences de température entre les extrémités et le cœur du faisceau d'un tel échangeur ainsi que les déformations en résultant. Il en résulte une meilleure continuité structurelle dudit dispositif d'échange thermique au cours du temps ainsi qu'une plus grande résistance mécanique aux conditions thermo-mécaniques. Ceci permet ainsi d'éviter la rupture de certaines pièces, susceptible de se matérialiser par exemple suite à une rotation d'une barre de fermeture du faisceau d'un dispositif d'échange thermique autour de son axe longitudinal initial.A heat exchange device according to the invention therefore makes it possible to limit the heat exchanges in at least one internal end layer, in particular a cold layer, of such a heat exchange device in order to limit the temperature drop in this layer compared to the temperature at the core of the exchanger block. A heat exchange device according to the invention therefore makes it possible to limit the temperature differences between the ends and the core of the bundle of such an exchanger as well as the resulting deformations. This results in better structural continuity of said heat exchange device over time as well as greater mechanical resistance to thermo-mechanical conditions. This thus makes it possible to avoid the breakage of certain parts, which may occur for example following a rotation of a closing bar of the bundle of a heat exchange device around its initial longitudinal axis.

Ainsi, avantageusement et selon l'invention, seules lesdites couches internes d'extrémité comprennent un (ou plusieurs) dispositif(s) limiteur de débit. En d'autres termes, lesdits dispositifs limiteurs de débit sont uniquement présents dans lesdites couches internes d'extrémité, c'est-à-dire la première couche interne de circulation dudit premier fluide caloporteur et la dernière couche interne de circulation dudit premier fluide caloporteur.Thus, advantageously and according to the invention, only said internal end layers comprise one (or more) flow limiting device(s). In other words, said flow limiting devices are only present in said internal end layers, i.e. the first internal circulation layer of said first heat transfer fluid and the last internal circulation layer of said first heat transfer fluid.

Le dispositif d'échange thermique selon l'invention comprend également un passage, dit passage du deuxième fluide caloporteur, permettant la circulation d'un flux du deuxième fluide caloporteur dans l'enceinte de circulation entre la deuxième entrée et la deuxième sortie.The heat exchange device according to the invention also comprises a passage, called the passage of the second heat transfer fluid, allowing the circulation of a flow of the second heat transfer fluid in the circulation enclosure between the second inlet and the second outlet.

Le dispositif d'échange thermique selon l'invention est adapté pour permettre la circulation du deuxième fluide caloporteur dans le passage du deuxième fluide caloporteur, selon une direction, dite direction de circulation du deuxième fluide, orthogonale à la direction de circulation du premier fluide. Avantageusement et selon l'invention, le premier fluide caloporteur circule, dans ladite enceinte de circulation, selon une direction, dite direction principale de circulation du premier fluide, s'étendant entre la première entrée et la première sortie, ladite direction de circulation du premier fluide étant orthogonale à la direction, dite direction de circulation du deuxième fluide, selon laquelle circule le deuxième fluide caloporteur, dans ladite enceinte de circulation, entre la deuxième entrée et la deuxième sortie.The heat exchange device according to the invention is adapted to allow the circulation of the second heat transfer fluid in the passage of the second heat transfer fluid, in a direction, called the circulation direction of the second fluid, orthogonal to the circulation direction of the first fluid. Advantageously and according to the invention, the first heat transfer fluid circulates, in said circulation enclosure, in a direction, called the main circulation direction of the first fluid, extending between the first inlet and the first outlet, said circulation direction of the first fluid being orthogonal to the direction, called the direction of circulation of the second fluid, in which the second heat transfer fluid circulates, in said circulation enclosure, between the second inlet and the second outlet.

Avantageusement et selon l'invention, le deuxième fluide caloporteur est adapté pour former un deuxième flux de fluide caloporteur circulant, dans ladite enceinte de circulation, selon la direction de circulation du deuxième fluide, entre la deuxième entrée et la deuxième sortie, ladite direction de circulation du deuxième fluide étant orthogonale à la direction principale de circulation du premier fluide.Advantageously and according to the invention, the second heat transfer fluid is adapted to form a second flow of heat transfer fluid circulating, in said circulation enclosure, according to the direction of circulation of the second fluid, between the second inlet and the second outlet, said direction of circulation of the second fluid being orthogonal to the main direction of circulation of the first fluid.

Le premier fluide caloporteur et le deuxième fluide caloporteur circulent dans les espaces entre les plaques internes fermés latéralement par des barres (ou tiges) de fermeture.The first heat transfer fluid and the second heat transfer fluid circulate in the spaces between the internal plates closed laterally by closing bars (or rods).

Le deuxième fluide caloporteur peut correspondre au fluide dont la température est plus importante que la température du premier fluide caloporteur ou inversement. Ainsi, avantageusement et selon l'invention, le deuxième fluide caloporteur correspond au fluide caloporteur dont la température est supérieure à la température du premier fluide caloporteur. En d'autres termes, le premier fluide caloporteur peut être dénommé le fluide « froid » et le deuxième fluide caloporteur peut être dénommé le fluide « chaud ». Ainsi, chaque couche interne d'extrémité est configurée pour permettre le passage d'un flux non nul dudit premier fluide caloporteur, la température dudit deuxième fluide caloporteur étant supérieure à la température dudit premier fluide caloporteur.The second heat transfer fluid may correspond to the fluid whose temperature is higher than the temperature of the first heat transfer fluid or vice versa. Thus, advantageously and according to the invention, the second heat transfer fluid corresponds to the heat transfer fluid whose temperature is higher than the temperature of the first heat transfer fluid. In other words, the first heat transfer fluid may be called the “cold” fluid and the second heat transfer fluid may be called the “hot” fluid. Thus, each internal end layer is configured to allow the passage of a non-zero flow of said first heat transfer fluid, the temperature of said second heat transfer fluid being higher than the temperature of said first heat transfer fluid.

Avantageusement et selon l'invention, lesdites couches internes d'extrémités sont des couches à l'intérieur desquelles circulent le fluide « froid », c'est-à-dire le premier fluide caloporteur dont la température est inférieure à la température du deuxième fluide caloporteur.Advantageously and according to the invention, said internal end layers are layers inside which the “cold” fluid circulates, that is to say the first heat transfer fluid whose temperature is lower than the temperature of the second heat transfer fluid.

Avantageusement et selon l'invention, chaque fluide caloporteur peut être sous forme liquide ou gazeuse. En particulier, l'état du premier fluide caloporteur peut être identique ou différent de l'état du deuxième fluide caloporteur. Avantageusement et selon l'invention, le premier fluide caloporteur et le deuxième fluide caloporteur sont sous forme gazeuse.Advantageously and according to the invention, each heat transfer fluid may be in liquid or gaseous form. In particular, the state of the first heat transfer fluid may be identical to or different from the state of the second heat transfer fluid. Advantageously and according to the invention, the first heat transfer fluid and the second heat transfer fluid are in gaseous form.

Avantageusement et selon l'invention, chaque dispositif limiteur de débit comprend au moins une portion s'étendant sensiblement selon un plan sécant (non parallèle) à la direction principale de circulation du premier fluide de façon à pouvoir entraver au moins en partie la circulation dudit premier flux de fluide dans ladite couche interne d'extrémité. Avantageusement et selon l'invention, chaque dispositif limiteur de débit comprend au moins une portion (ou face) plane s'étendant sensiblement orthogonalement à la direction principale de circulation du premier fluide.Advantageously and according to the invention, each flow limiting device comprises at least one portion extending substantially along a plane intersecting (non-parallel) to the main direction of circulation of the first fluid so as to be able to at least partially hinder the circulation of said first flow of fluid in said internal end layer. Advantageously and according to the invention, each flow limiter device comprises at least one flat portion (or face) extending substantially orthogonally to the main direction of circulation of the first fluid.

Avantageusement et selon l'invention, chaque dispositif limiteur de débit comprend au moins un guide-flux adapté pour se présenter sous la forme d'une pluralité de canaux sensiblement parallèles entre eux, chaque guide-flux étant disposé dans chaque première couche interne et dans chaque dernière couche interne de sorte que lesdits canaux s'étendent selon une direction sensiblement orthogonale à la direction principale de circulation du premier fluide. Les canaux de chaque guide-flux sont au moins en partie formés par des parois latérales, ces parois formant lesdites portions planes s'étendant principalement selon une direction non sensiblement parallèle à la direction principale de circulation du premier fluide de façon à pouvoir entraver au moins en partie la circulation dudit premier flux de fluide dans ladite couche interne d'extrémité. Un tel guide-flux peut s'étendre dans l'intégralité de ladite première couche interne et de ladite dernière couche interne du bloc échangeur. Avantageusement et selon l'invention, chaque dispositif limiteur de débit s'étend dans l'intégralité de ladite première couche interne et de ladite dernière couche interne du bloc échangeur. Un tel guide-flux peut également s'étendre uniquement dans une portion ou plusieurs portions de ladite première couche interne et de ladite dernière couche interne du bloc échangeur.Advantageously and according to the invention, each flow limiting device comprises at least one flow guide adapted to be in the form of a plurality of channels substantially parallel to each other, each flow guide being arranged in each first internal layer and in each last internal layer so that said channels extend in a direction substantially orthogonal to the main direction of circulation of the first fluid. The channels of each flow guide are at least partly formed by side walls, these walls forming said flat portions extending mainly in a direction not substantially parallel to the main direction of circulation of the first fluid so as to be able to at least partly hinder the circulation of said first flow of fluid in said end internal layer. Such a flow guide may extend throughout said first internal layer and said last internal layer of the exchanger block. Advantageously and according to the invention, each flow limiting device extends throughout said first internal layer and said last internal layer of the exchanger block. Such a flow guide may also extend only in one or more portions of said first internal layer and said last internal layer of the exchanger block.

Il est également possible de disposer chaque dispositif limiteur de débit constitué d'un guide-flux de façon à ce que les canaux soit disposés en formant un angle inférieur à 90° avec la direction principale de circulation du premier fluide dans la couche d'extrémité, notamment un angle compris entre 35° et 90°.It is also possible to arrange each flow limiting device consisting of a flow guide so that the channels are arranged forming an angle of less than 90° with the main direction of circulation of the first fluid in the end layer, in particular an angle of between 35° and 90°.

Avantageusement et selon l'invention, ledit dispositif limiteur de débit comprend au moins un guide-flux présentant une forme ondulée. Un tel guide-flux peut prendre diverses formes et se présenter par exemple sous la forme d'une tôle ondulée ou d'une bande ondulée ou encore d'ailettes en zig-zag.Advantageously and according to the invention, said flow limiting device comprises at least one flow guide having a corrugated shape. Such a flow guide can take various forms and appear for example in the form of a corrugated sheet or a corrugated strip or even zig-zag fins.

Selon une variante particulièrement avantageuse d'un dispositif d'échange thermique selon l'invention, chaque guide-flux est formé d'une pluralité de tronçons successifs présentant chacun un profil crénelé, de façon à former des parois de guidage et des zones de contact surfacique avec les plaques. Dans un tel guide-flux, couramment appelé guide-flux « offset » (décalage en anglais) deux tronçons successifs sont décalés latéralement, de sorte que les parois de guidage d'un tronçon situé directement adjacent à un autre tronçon sont décalées latéralement (selon une direction parallèle aux plaques externes du bloc échangeur) par rapport aux parois de guidage de ce dernier.According to a particularly advantageous variant of a heat exchange device according to the invention, each flow guide is formed from a plurality of successive sections each having a crenellated profile, so as to form guide walls and surface contact zones with the plates. In such a flow guide, commonly called an “offset” flow guide, two successive sections are laterally offset, so that the guide walls of a section located directly adjacent to another section are laterally offset (in a direction parallel to the external plates of the exchanger block) relative to the guide walls of the latter.

Chaque guide-flux peut être solidarisé avec les plaques internes par exemple par brasage ou par soudure. Chaque guide-flux peut être solidarisé avec les plaques externes par une pluralité de contacts surfaciques. Plus particulièrement, les zones (externes et internes) de contact de chaque guide-flux sont avantageusement brasées aux faces intérieures d'une plaque interne et de la première ou deuxième plaque interne (plaques d'extrémité).Each flux guide may be secured to the internal plates, for example by brazing or welding. Each flux guide may be secured to the external plates by a plurality of surface contacts. More particularly, the contact zones (external and internal) of each flux guide are advantageously brazed to the internal faces of an internal plate and of the first or second internal plate (end plates).

Avantageusement et selon l'invention, le dispositif limiteur de débit comprend au moins une barre, dite barre limitatrice de débit, s'étendant principalement selon une direction longitudinale, ladite barre étant disposée de sorte que la direction longitudinale de ladite barre est orthogonale à la direction principale de circulation dudit premier fluide, ladite barre présentant au moins une ouverture traversante, en particulier au moins deux ouvertures traversantes, adaptées pour permettre le passage d'un flux dudit premier fluide caloporteur au travers desdites ouvertures traversantes. Ladite barre limitatrice de débit peut être disposée au niveau de l'entrée ou au niveau de la sortie de la couche interne d'extrémité (l'entrée et la sortie étant définies par rapport au sens de circulation du fluide caloporteur dans ladite couche interne) ou dans toute position intermédiaire entre l'entrée et la sortie de ladite couche interne d'extrémité. Avantageusement et selon l'invention, ladite barre limitatrice de débit est disposée à l'entrée de chaque couche interne d'extrémité. Rien n'empêche toutefois de prévoir (en variante ou en combinaison) deux barres limitatrices de débit au sein de chaque couche interne d'extrémité, par exemple une première barre limitatrice de débit à l'entrée et une deuxième barre limitatrice de débit en sortie de ladite couche interne. Plus particulièrement, ladite barre limitatrice de débit obture, partiellement ou intégralement, la section de passage du fluide caloporteur de la première couche interne d'extrémité et/ou de la dernière couche interne d'extrémité, à l'exception desdites ouvertures traversantes. D'autre part, le nombre, la répartition, la taille et la forme desdites ouvertures traversantes ménagées dans chaque barre limitatrice de débit peuvent varier.Advantageously and according to the invention, the flow limiting device comprises at least one bar, called a flow limiting bar, extending mainly in a longitudinal direction, said bar being arranged so that the longitudinal direction of said bar is orthogonal to the main direction of circulation of said first fluid, said bar having at least one through opening, in particular at least two through openings, adapted to allow the passage of a flow of said first heat transfer fluid through said through openings. Said flow limiting bar may be arranged at the inlet or at the outlet of the inner end layer (the inlet and the outlet being defined relative to the direction of circulation of the heat transfer fluid in said inner layer) or in any intermediate position between the inlet and the outlet of said inner end layer. Advantageously and according to the invention, said flow limiting bar is arranged at the inlet of each inner end layer. However, nothing prevents the provision (as a variant or in combination) two flow limiting bars within each internal end layer, for example a first flow limiting bar at the inlet and a second flow limiting bar at the outlet of said internal layer. More particularly, said flow limiting bar partially or completely closes the heat transfer fluid passage section of the first internal end layer and/or of the last internal end layer, with the exception of said through openings. Furthermore, the number, distribution, size and shape of said through openings provided in each flow limiting bar may vary.

Il est donc possible d'optimiser les paramètres géométriques de tels dispositif limiteurs de débit d'un dispositif d'échange thermique selon l'invention et de moduler le flux de fluide caloporteur (en particulier le flux de fluide dit froid) et ainsi d'optimiser la diminution du gradient thermique aux extrémités du faisceau d'un dispositif d'échange thermique selon l'invention. En ce qui concerne un dispositif limiteur de débit se présentant sous la forme d'un guide-flux il est possible de choisir en fonction des cas la hauteur des ondulations, le pas de chaque guide-flux, le pas de décalage entre chaque tronçon (« offset »)...It is therefore possible to optimize the geometric parameters of such flow limiting devices of a heat exchange device according to the invention and to modulate the flow of heat transfer fluid (in particular the flow of so-called cold fluid) and thus to optimize the reduction of the thermal gradient at the ends of the bundle of a heat exchange device according to the invention. With regard to a flow limiting device in the form of a flow guide, it is possible to choose, depending on the case, the height of the corrugations, the pitch of each flow guide, the offset pitch between each section ("offset"), etc.

De tels guides-flux peuvent également être intercalés entre les plaques internes dites centrales, distinctes des plaques internes d'extrémité, c'est-à-dire disposées entre les première et dernière plaques internes d'extrémité du bloc échangeur. Avantageusement et selon l'invention, chaque couche interne, dite couche interne centrale, disposée entre ladite première couche interne et ladite dernière couche interne dudit bloc échangeur, est munie d'au moins un guide-flux adapté pour former une pluralité de canaux sensiblement parallèles entre eux, chaque guide-flux étant disposé dans ladite couche interne centrale de sorte que lesdits canaux s'étendent selon une direction sensiblement parallèle à la direction principale de circulation du fluide caloporteur dans ladite couche interne centrale. Chaque guide-flux peut présenter une forme ondulée, la hauteur des ondulations est sensiblement égale à la distance entre plaques internes centrales. Ainsi, chaque guide-flux présente une pluralité de zones externes et de zones internes en contact de surface avec la face intérieure des plaques internes. Chaque guide-flux peut présenter une pluralité d'ondulations de façon à former une pluralité de canaux de circulation du premier fluide caloporteur et du deuxième fluide caloporteur dans l'enceinte de circulation. Chaque guide-flux peut présenter un profil ondulé régulièrement selon une forme périodique, par exemple du type sinusoïdal ou crénelé.Such flow guides may also be interposed between the so-called central internal plates, distinct from the end internal plates, i.e. arranged between the first and last end internal plates of the exchanger block. Advantageously and according to the invention, each internal layer, called the central internal layer, arranged between said first internal layer and said last internal layer of said exchanger block, is provided with at least one flow guide adapted to form a plurality of channels substantially parallel to each other, each flow guide being arranged in said central internal layer so that said channels extend in a direction substantially parallel to the main direction of circulation of the heat transfer fluid in said central internal layer. Each flow guide may have a corrugated shape, the height of the corrugations being substantially equal to the distance between central internal plates. Thus, each flow guide has a plurality of external zones and internal zones in surface contact with the inner face of the internal plates. Each flow guide may have a plurality of undulations so as to form a plurality of circulation channels for the first heat transfer fluid and the second heat transfer fluid in the circulation enclosure. Each flow guide may have a regularly undulating profile in a periodic shape, for example of the sinusoidal or crenellated type.

Chaque guide-flux peut être solidarisé avec les plaques internes centrales par une pluralité de contacts surfaciques. En particulier, chaque guide-flux peut être solidarisé avec les plaques internes centrales par exemple par brasage ou par soudure.Each flow guide may be secured to the central internal plates by a plurality of surface contacts. In particular, each flow guide may be secured to the central internal plates, for example by brazing or welding.

L'utilisation de tels guides-flux entre les plaques internes centrales du bloc échangeur est facultative mais permet d'améliorer l'efficacité des échanges thermiques. Des plaques internes à cannelures peuvent également être utilisées.The use of such flow guides between the central internal plates of the exchanger block is optional but improves the efficiency of heat exchange. Fluted internal plates can also be used.

Avantageusement et selon l'invention, les couches internes, dites couches internes centrales, disposées entre ladite première couche interne et ladite dernière couche interne sont dénuées de dispositif limiteur de débit. Les guide-flux éventuellement prévus au sein desdites couches internes et disposés de telle sorte que les canaux de circulation desdits guides-flux soient orientés sensiblement parallèlement à la direction de circulation du fluide dans la couche interne, ne sont pas considérés comme limiteur de débit au sens de la présente invention. De cette façon, les échanges thermiques étant uniquement diminués au sein des couches internes d'extrémité du bloc échangeur, cela permet de limiter le gradient thermique entre les couches internes d'extrémité et les couches internes centrales d'un tel bloc échangeur.Advantageously and according to the invention, the internal layers, called central internal layers, arranged between said first internal layer and said last internal layer are devoid of a flow limiting device. The flow guides possibly provided within said internal layers and arranged in such a way that the circulation channels of said flow guides are oriented substantially parallel to the direction of circulation of the fluid in the internal layer, are not considered as flow limiting within the meaning of the present invention. In this way, the heat exchanges being reduced only within the internal end layers of the exchanger block, this makes it possible to limit the thermal gradient between the internal end layers and the central internal layers of such an exchanger block.

L'enceinte de circulation présente une périphérie fermée étanche aux fluides caloporteurs (au moins en fonctionnement et sans tenir compte des entrées et sorties pour le premier fluide caloporteur et pour le deuxième fluide caloporteur).The circulation enclosure has a closed periphery that is impervious to heat transfer fluids (at least in operation and without taking into account the inlets and outlets for the first heat transfer fluid and for the second heat transfer fluid).

Avantageusement et selon l'invention, la première entrée présente une bouche d'entrée du premier fluide caloporteur dans l'enceinte de circulation. Avantageusement et selon l'invention, la première sortie présente une bouche de sortie du premier fluide caloporteur hors de l'enceinte de circulation. Dans une variante particulièrement avantageuse et selon l'invention, chaque bouche présente un seul orifice formant entrée ou sortie, une ouverture vers l'enceinte de circulation et/ou vers le bloc échangeur à plaques, et une paroi pleine périphérique entre cet orifice et cette ouverture. Chaque orifice de chaque bouche peut être connecté à un conduit d'arrivée ou d'évacuation du premier fluide caloporteur.Advantageously and according to the invention, the first inlet has an inlet for the first heat transfer fluid into the circulation enclosure. Advantageously and according to the invention, the first outlet has an outlet for the first heat transfer fluid out of the circulation enclosure. In a particularly advantageous variant and according to the invention, each outlet has a single orifice forming an inlet or outlet, an opening towards the circulation enclosure and/or towards the plate exchanger block, and a solid peripheral wall between this orifice and this opening. Each orifice of each mouth can be connected to an inlet or outlet pipe for the first heat transfer fluid.

Avantageusement et selon l'invention, le parcours du premier flux de fluide caloporteur et le parcours du deuxième flux de fluide caloporteur à l'intérieur du bloc échangeur peuvent être sensiblement rectilignes. Il est bien sûr également possible d'utiliser tout autre type de bloc échangeur à plaques, par exemple dans lequel le flux de l'un et/ou de l'autre du premier ou du deuxième fluide caloporteur suit un parcours en U ou encore en S.Advantageously and according to the invention, the path of the first flow of heat transfer fluid and the path of the second flow of heat transfer fluid inside the exchanger block can be substantially rectilinear. It is of course also possible to use any other type of plate exchanger block, for example in which the flow of one and/or the other of the first or second heat transfer fluid follows a U-shaped or S-shaped path.

Le dispositif d'échange thermique selon l'invention peut être formé en au moins un matériau choisi parmi les matériaux métalliques, les matériaux composites, les matériaux polymères, les matériaux céramiques, notamment le graphite, le verre... En particulier, dans un mode de réalisation particulièrement avantageux d'un dispositif d'échange thermique selon l'invention, les plaques sont formées en matériau métallique, notamment en au moins un matériau choisi dans le groupe formé des aciers, du cuivre, de l'aluminium, des alliages métalliques (superalliages notamment) et de leurs mélanges.The heat exchange device according to the invention can be formed from at least one material chosen from metallic materials, composite materials, polymer materials, ceramic materials, in particular graphite, glass, etc. In particular, in a particularly advantageous embodiment of a heat exchange device according to the invention, the plates are formed from metallic material, in particular from at least one material chosen from the group formed from steels, copper, aluminum, metal alloys (superalloys in particular) and mixtures thereof.

L'invention s'étend à un système de conditionnement d'air comprenant au moins un dispositif d'échange thermique selon l'invention. Il peut notamment s'agir d'un échangeur sans contact à flux croisés.The invention extends to an air conditioning system comprising at least one heat exchange device according to the invention. It may in particular be a non-contact cross-flow exchanger.

L'invention s'étend à un véhicule, notamment un aéronef, comprenant au moins un système de conditionnement d'air selon l'invention.The invention extends to a vehicle, in particular an aircraft, comprising at least one air conditioning system according to the invention.

L'invention concerne aussi un dispositif d'échange thermique, un système de conditionnement d'air et un véhicule comprenant au moins un tel système de conditionnement d'air caractérisés en combinaison par tout ou partie des caractéristiques mentionnées ci-dessus ou ci-après.The invention also relates to a heat exchange device, an air conditioning system and a vehicle comprising at least one such air conditioning system characterized in combination by all or part of the characteristics mentioned above or below.

Liste des figuresList of figures

D'autres buts, caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description suivante donnée à titre uniquement non limitatif et qui se réfère aux figures annexées dans lesquelles :

  • [Fig. 1] est une vue schématique d'un bloc échangeur d'un dispositif d'échange thermique selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention,
  • [Fig. 2] est une vue schématique en coupe d'un bloc échangeur d'un dispositif d'échange thermique selon le premier mode de réalisation de l'invention,
  • [Fig. 3] est une vue schématique en perspective d'un détail d'un bloc échangeur d'un dispositif d'échange thermique selon l'invention,
  • [Fig. 4] est une vue schématique en coupe d'un bloc échangeur d'un dispositif d'échange thermique selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention,
  • [Fig. 5] est un graphique illustrant le gradient de température au sein d'un bloc échangeur d'un dispositif d'échange thermique selon le deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention,
  • [Fig. 6] est un graphique illustrant le gradient de température au sein d'un bloc échangeur d'un dispositif d'échange thermique non conforme à l'invention.
Other aims, characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the following description given solely for non-limiting purposes and which refers to the appended figures in which:
  • [ Fig. 1 ] is a schematic view of an exchanger block of a heat exchange device according to a first embodiment of the invention,
  • [ Fig. 2 ] is a schematic sectional view of an exchanger block of a heat exchange device according to the first embodiment of the invention,
  • [ Fig. 3 ] is a schematic perspective view of a detail of an exchanger block of a heat exchange device according to the invention,
  • [ Fig. 4 ] is a schematic sectional view of an exchanger block of a heat exchange device according to a second embodiment of the invention,
  • [ Fig. 5 ] is a graph illustrating the temperature gradient within an exchanger block of a heat exchange device according to the second embodiment of the invention,
  • [ Fig. 6 ] is a graph illustrating the temperature gradient within an exchanger block of a heat exchange device not in accordance with the invention.

Description détaillée d'un mode de réalisation de l'inventionDetailed description of an embodiment of the invention

Sur les figures, les échelles et les proportions ne sont pas strictement respectées et ce, à des fins d'illustration et de clarté.In the figures, scales and proportions are not strictly respected, for the purposes of illustration and clarity.

En outre, les éléments identiques, similaires ou analogues sont désignés par les mêmes références dans toutes les figures.Furthermore, identical, similar or analogous elements are designated by the same references in all figures.

La figure 1 illustre schématiquement un bloc échangeur 12 d'un dispositif d'échange thermique selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention.There Figure 1 schematically illustrates an exchanger block 12 of a heat exchange device according to a first embodiment of the invention.

Le bloc échangeur à plaques peut par exemple comprendre un empilement de plaques internes planes. Les plaques internes du bloc échangeur comprennent :

  • au moins deux plaques internes centrales 13, 15 disposées entre une première plaque externe 2 et une deuxième plaque externe 2,
  • au moins une première plaque 14 interne d'extrémité disposée entre les plaques internes centrales 13, 15 et la première plaque externe 2,
  • et au moins une deuxième plaque 16 interne d'extrémité, distincte de la première plaque interne 14 d'extrémité et disposée entre les plaques internes centrales 13, 15 et la deuxième plaque externe 2.
The plate exchanger block may, for example, comprise a stack of flat internal plates. The internal plates of the exchanger block comprise:
  • at least two central internal plates 13, 15 arranged between a first external plate 2 and a second external plate 2,
  • at least one first internal end plate 14 arranged between the central internal plates 13, 15 and the first external plate 2,
  • and at least one second internal end plate 16, distinct from the first internal end plate 14 and arranged between the central internal plates 13, 15 and the second external plate 2.

Un premier et un deuxième fluide caloporteur circulent dans les espaces entre les plaques internes 13, 14, 15, 16 et fermés latéralement par des barres 60, 62 de fermeture.A first and a second heat transfer fluid circulate in the spaces between the internal plates 13, 14, 15, 16 and closed laterally by closing bars 60, 62.

Les plaques internes 13, 14, 15, 16 sont disposées parallèlement les unes avec les autres. Le premier fluide caloporteur, dit fluide « froid », circule dans des zones de circulation du premier fluide caloporteur selon une direction principale de circulation du premier fluide entre une première entrée 4 et une première sortie 6. Le deuxième fluide caloporteur circule dans des zones de circulation du deuxième fluide caloporteur, distinctes des zones de circulation du premier fluide caloporteur, entre une deuxième entrée 8 et une deuxième sortie 10.The internal plates 13, 14, 15, 16 are arranged parallel to each other. The first heat transfer fluid, called the “cold” fluid, circulates in circulation zones of the first heat transfer fluid according to a main direction of circulation of the first fluid between a first inlet 4 and a first outlet 6. The second heat transfer fluid circulates in circulation zones of the second heat transfer fluid, distinct from the circulation zones of the first heat transfer fluid, between a second inlet 8 and a second outlet 10.

Les plaques internes 13, 14, 15, 16 sont disposées parallèlement aux plaques externes 2. Une première couche interne permet la circulation du premier fluide caloporteur entre la première plaque interne d'extrémité 14 et une plaque interne 18 adjacente à ladite première plaque interne d'extrémité (la plaque interne 18 étant la deuxième plaque interne du bloc échangeur 12), et une dernière couche interne permet la circulation du premier fluide caloporteur entre la dernière plaque interne 16 du bloc échangeur et une plaque interne adjacente à ladite dernière plaque interne.The internal plates 13, 14, 15, 16 are arranged parallel to the external plates 2. A first internal layer allows the circulation of the first heat transfer fluid between the first internal end plate 14 and an internal plate 18 adjacent to said first internal end plate (the internal plate 18 being the second internal plate of the exchanger block 12), and a last internal layer allows the circulation of the first heat transfer fluid between the last internal plate 16 of the exchanger block and an internal plate adjacent to said last internal plate.

Au moins un dispositif limiteur de débit est disposé dans chaque couche d'extrémité, c'est-à-dire dans la première couche interne et dans la dernière couche interne, celui-ci s'étendant sensiblement orthogonalement à la direction principale de circulation du premier fluide, de façon à entraver au moins en partie la circulation du premier flux de fluide dans la première couche interne et dans la dernière couche interne. Toutefois, bien entendu, chaque dispositif limiteur de débit continue à permettre la circulation d'un flux de fluide non nul dans la première couche interne et dans la dernière couche interne. Seules les couches internes d'extrémité comprennent un dispositif limiteur de débit, les dispositifs limiteurs de débit étant exclusivement présents dans les couches internes d'extrémité, c'est-à-dire la première couche interne de circulation dudit premier fluide caloporteur et la dernière couche interne de circulation dudit premier fluide caloporteur, de sorte à entraver de façon plus importante la circulation du premier fluide caloporteur dans chaque couche interne d'extrémité que dans les couches internes centrales.At least one flow limiting device is arranged in each end layer, i.e. in the first inner layer and in the last inner layer, the latter extending substantially orthogonally to the main direction of circulation of the first fluid, so as to at least partially hinder the circulation of the first fluid flow in the first inner layer and in the last inner layer. However, of course, each flow limiting device continues to allow the circulation of a non-zero fluid flow in the first inner layer and in the last inner layer. Only the end inner layers comprise a flow limiting device, the flow limiting devices being exclusively present in the end inner layers, i.e. the first inner layer for circulation of said first heat transfer fluid and the last inner layer for circulation of said first heat transfer fluid, so as to more significantly hinder the circulation of the first heat transfer fluid in each end inner layer than in the central inner layers.

Dans un dispositif d'échange thermique un tel bloc échangeur est placé dans une enceinte de circulation délimitée par au moins deux plaques latérales externes 2.In a heat exchange device, such an exchanger block is placed in a circulation enclosure delimited by at least two external side plates 2.

Dans un dispositif d'échange thermique non conforme à l'invention, chaque couche d'extrémité étant en contact avec une unique autre plaque interne d'échange thermique elle ne contribue à refroidir qu'une couche interne, au contraire des couches internes centrales qui en refroidissent deux. La température au sein des couches internes froides d'extrémité est donc moins importante que celle au sein des autres couches internes centrales du bloc échangeur.In a heat exchange device not in accordance with the invention, each end layer being in contact with a single other internal heat exchange plate, it only contributes to cooling one internal layer, unlike the central internal layers which cool two. The temperature within the cold end internal layers is therefore lower than that within the other central internal layers of the exchanger block.

Le fait de limiter les échanges thermiques dans les couches internes d'extrémité par rapport aux couches internes centrales au sein d'un bloc échangeur 12 permet donc de limiter ce gradient de température habituel.Limiting the heat exchanges in the internal end layers relative to the central internal layers within an exchanger block 12 therefore makes it possible to limit this usual temperature gradient.

Dans le premier mode de réalisation d'un dispositif d'échange thermique selon l'invention illustré aux figures 1 à 3, le dispositif limiteur de débit est constitué d'un guide-flux 20, 25 formant une pluralité de canaux parallèles entre eux, mais disposés transversalement au flux du premier fluide caloporteur. Chaque guide-flux 20, 25 est donc disposé dans la première couche interne (voir figure 2) et dans la dernière couche interne de sorte que lesdits canaux s'étendent selon une direction sensiblement orthogonale à la direction principale de circulation du premier fluide. Il est également possible de disposer chaque dispositif limiteur de débit constitué d'un guide-flux de façon à ce que les canaux soit disposés en formant un angle inférieur à 90° avec la direction principale de circulation du premier fluide dans la couche d'extrémité, par exemple un angle compris entre 35° et 90°.In the first embodiment of a heat exchange device according to the invention illustrated in figures 1 to 3 , the flow limiting device consists of a flow guide 20, 25 forming a plurality of channels parallel to each other, but arranged transversely to the flow of the first heat transfer fluid. Each flow guide 20, 25 is therefore arranged in the first internal layer (see Figure 2 ) and in the last inner layer so that said channels extend in a direction substantially orthogonal to the main direction of circulation of the first fluid. It is also possible to arrange each flow limiting device consisting of a flow guide so that the channels are arranged forming an angle of less than 90° with the main direction of circulation of the first fluid in the end layer, for example an angle of between 35° and 90°.

Chaque guide-flux 20, 25, 51 est formé d'une pluralité de tronçons successifs présentant chacun un profil crénelé, de façon à former des parois de guidage et des zones de contact surfacique avec les plaques internes. Dans un tel guide-flux, couramment appelé guide-flux « offset » (décalage en anglais) tel qu'illustré en figure 3 deux tronçons successifs sont décalés latéralement d'une distance dite demi-pas 52, de sorte que les parois de guidage d'un tronçon situé directement adjacent à un autre tronçon sont décalées latéralement (selon une direction parallèle aux plaques externes du bloc échangeur) par rapport aux parois de guidage de ce dernier. Il est donc possible de choisir en fonction des cas la hauteur des ondulations, le pas 53 de chaque guide-flux ou encore le pas 54 de décalage entre chaque tronçon (« offset »). Pour un guide-flux à décalage identique, la disposition à 90° avec la direction principale de circulation du premier fluide permet de limiter au maximum le débit du flux de fluide caloporteur dans la couche d'extrémité, et donc limite au maximum les gradients de température dans le bloc échangeur 12. Ainsi, plus ledit angle par rapport à la direction principale de circulation du premier fluide est proche de 90°, plus le débit du flux de fluide caloporteur est entravé.Each flow guide 20, 25, 51 is formed from a plurality of successive sections each having a crenellated profile, so as to form guide walls and surface contact zones with the internal plates. In such a flow guide, commonly called an “offset” flow guide as illustrated in Figure 3 two successive sections are offset laterally by a distance called half-step 52, so that the guide walls of a section located directly adjacent to another section are laterally offset (in a direction parallel to the external plates of the exchanger block) relative to the guide walls of the latter. It is therefore possible to choose, depending on the case, the height of the corrugations, the pitch 53 of each flow guide or the pitch 54 of offset between each section ("offset"). For a flow guide with identical offset, the 90° arrangement with the main direction of circulation of the first fluid makes it possible to limit as much as possible the flow rate of the heat transfer fluid flow in the end layer, and therefore limits as much as possible the temperature gradients in the exchanger block 12. Thus, the closer said angle is to 90° relative to the main direction of circulation of the first fluid, the more the flow rate of the heat transfer fluid flow is hindered.

Le trajet que doit alors emprunter le premier fluide caloporteur dans un canal de circulation de la première couche interne et de la dernière couche interne du bloc échangeur 12 munies d'un tel guide-flux à décalage suit alors la forme d'une succession de S disposés les uns à la suite des autres ou de créneaux.The path that the first heat transfer fluid must then take in a circulation channel of the first internal layer and the last internal layer of the exchanger block 12 provided with such an offset flow guide then follows the form of a succession of S shapes arranged one after the other or of notches.

Dans le mode de réalisation représenté, le guide-flux 20, 25 s'étend dans l'intégralité de la première couche interne et de la dernière couche interne du bloc échangeur 12. Ceci présente notamment l'avantage de permettre de conserver la continuité structurelle du bloc échangeur.In the embodiment shown, the flow guide 20, 25 extends throughout the first internal layer and the last internal layer of the exchanger block 12. This has the particular advantage of making it possible to maintain the structural continuity of the exchanger block.

Toutefois, il est également possible de disposer le guide-flux 20, 25 uniquement dans certaines zones de la première couche interne et de la dernière couche interne du bloc échangeur 12.However, it is also possible to arrange the flow guide 20, 25 only in certain areas of the first internal layer and the last internal layer of the exchanger block 12.

Dans le premier mode de réalisation, le dispositif d'échange thermique comprend uniquement deux couches d'extrémité, c'est-à-dire la première couche interne et la dernière couche interne pourvue d'un dispositif limiteur de débit (uniquement la première couche interne froide de chaque extrémité). Toutefois, il est également possible de prévoir que le dispositif d'échange thermique comprenne en outre un dispositif limiteur de débit dans la troisième couche interne et/ou dans l'antépénultième couche interne (c'est-à-dire la deuxième couche interne froide à partir de chaque extrémité du bloc échangeur 12).In the first embodiment, the heat exchange device comprises only two end layers, i.e. the first inner layer and the last inner layer provided with a flow limiting device (only the first cold inner layer from each end). However, it is also possible to provide that the heat exchange device further comprises a flow limiting device in the third inner layer and/or in the antepenultimate inner layer (i.e. the second cold inner layer from each end of the exchanger block 12).

Dans un deuxième mode de réalisation d'un dispositif d'échange thermique selon l'invention illustré à la figure 4, le dispositif limiteur de débit est constitué d'une barre 30 limitatrice de débit disposée de sorte que sa direction longitudinale soit orthogonale à la direction principale de circulation dudit premier fluide. Chaque barre 30 limitatrice de débit présente des ouvertures 32 traversantes adaptées pour permettre le passage d'un flux du premier fluide caloporteur au travers desdites ouvertures traversantes. La barre 30 limitatrice de débit peut être disposée au niveau de l'entrée et/ou de la sortie de la couche interne d'extrémité ou dans toute position intermédiaire entre l'entrée et la sortie de la couche interne d'extrémité. Dans le présent deuxième mode de réalisation, la barre 30 limitatrice de débit est disposée à l'entrée de la première couche interne d'extrémité (figure 4) et à l'entrée de la dernière couche interne d'extrémité, c'est-à-dire le long d'un bord de chacune des plaques internes 14, 18, 16 définissant les couches internes d'extrémité.In a second embodiment of a heat exchange device according to the invention illustrated in Figure 4 , the flow limiting device is made up of a flow limiting bar 30 arranged so that its longitudinal direction is orthogonal to the main direction of circulation of said first fluid. Each flow limiting bar 30 has through openings 32 adapted to allow the passage of a flow of the first heat transfer fluid through said through openings. The flow limiting bar 30 may be arranged at the inlet and/or outlet of the inner end layer or in any intermediate position between the inlet and the outlet of the inner end layer. In the present second embodiment, the flow limiting bar 30 is arranged at the inlet of the first inner end layer ( Figure 4 ) and at the entrance of the last internal end layer, i.e. along an edge of each of the internal plates 14, 18, 16 defining the internal end layers.

Dans les exemples représentés, le parcours du premier et du deuxième flux de fluide caloporteur à l'intérieur du bloc échangeur est sensiblement rectiligne (sans considérer les sinuosités éventuelles dans le cas d'un guide-flux utilisé à titre de dispositif limiteur de débit selon l'invention dans les couches d'extrémité). Il est bien sûr également possible d'utiliser tout autre type de bloc échangeur à plaques, par exemple dans lequel le flux de l'un et/ou de l'autre du premier ou du deuxième fluide caloporteur suit un parcours en U ou encore en S.In the examples shown, the path of the first and second heat transfer fluid flows inside the exchanger block is substantially rectilinear (without considering any possible sinuosities in the case of a flow guide used as a flow limiting device according to the invention in the end layers). It is of course also possible to use any other type of plate exchanger block, for example in which the flow of one and/or the other of the first or second heat transfer fluid follows a U-shaped or S-shaped path.

Dans chaque mode de réalisation, chaque couche interne, dite couche interne centrale, disposée entre ladite première couche interne et ladite dernière couche interne dudit bloc échangeur, peut également comprendre au moins un guide-flux 50 disposé de façon à ce que lesdits canaux s'étendent selon une direction sensiblement parallèle à la direction principale de circulation du fluide caloporteur dans cette couche interne centrale. Un tel guide-flux 50 peut s'étendre dans la totalité de la couche interne ou uniquement dans certaines portions. Dans les modes de réalisation représentés, des guides-flux 50 s'étendent dans chacune des couches internes centrales et dans l'intégrité de chaque couche interne centrale.In each embodiment, each inner layer, called the central inner layer, arranged between said first inner layer and said last inner layer of said exchanger block, may also comprise at least one flow guide 50 arranged so that said channels extend in a direction substantially parallel to the main direction of circulation of the heat transfer fluid in this central inner layer. Such a flow guide 50 may extend throughout the entire inner layer or only in certain portions. In the embodiments shown, flow guides 50 extend in each of the central inner layers and in the integrity of each central inner layer.

La figure 5 représente la variation de la température dans un bloc échangeur tel que celui décrit selon le deuxième mode de réalisation, en conditions d'utilisation dans un aéronef, la température en °C de chaque plaque interne du bloc échangeur 12 étant représentée selon l'axe des ordonnées et le nombre de plaques internes du bloc échangeur selon l'axe des abscisses (ici 42 plaques internes, chaque point représenté sur la figure 5 correspondant à une plaque interne).There Figure 5 represents the variation of the temperature in an exchanger block such as that described according to the second embodiment, under conditions of use in an aircraft, the temperature in °C of each internal plate of the exchanger block 12 being represented along the ordinate axis and the number of plates internal plates of the exchanger block according to the abscissa axis (here 42 internal plates, each point represented on the Figure 5 corresponding to an internal plate).

La figure 6 représente également la variation de la température en °C de chaque plaque interne dans un bloc échangeur d'un dispositif d'échange thermique distinct d'un dispositif d'échange thermique selon l'invention, dénué de dispositif limiteur de débit dans les couches d'extrémité. En comparaison avec la courbe obtenue par les mêmes méthodes de mesure représentée en figure 5, on peut constater qu'il existe un important gradient de température aux extrémités du bloc échangeur dans le cas de la courbe représentée en figure 6 contrairement à la figure 5.There Figure 6 also represents the variation in temperature in °C of each internal plate in an exchanger block of a heat exchange device distinct from a heat exchange device according to the invention, without a flow limiter device in the end layers. In comparison with the curve obtained by the same measurement methods represented in Figure 5 , we can see that there is a significant temperature gradient at the ends of the exchanger block in the case of the curve represented in Figure 6 unlike the Figure 5 .

Un dispositif d'échange thermique selon l'invention permet donc effectivement de limiter efficacement les gradients de température susceptibles d'endommager le bloc échangeur.A heat exchange device according to the invention therefore effectively limits temperature gradients likely to damage the exchanger block.

L'invention ne se limite pas aux modes de réalisation décrits. En particulier, les guides-flux ou encore les ouvertures ménagées à travers la barre de fermeture peuvent être de formes différentes, etc.The invention is not limited to the embodiments described. In particular, the flow guides or the openings provided through the closing bar may be of different shapes, etc.

Claims (8)

  1. Heat-exchange device comprising:
    - a flow enclosure defined by at least one first lateral plate, referred to as first external plate (2), and at least one second lateral plate, referred to as second external plate (2),
    - a first inlet (4) for a first heat-transfer fluid into the flow enclosure,
    - a first outlet (6) for said first heat-transfer fluid out of the flow enclosure,
    - a second inlet (8) for a second heat-transfer fluid into the flow enclosure,
    - a second outlet (10) for said second heat-transfer fluid out of the flow enclosure,
    - a plate exchanger block (12) disposed in the flow enclosure so as to be in fluid communication with the inlets (4, 8) and the outlets (6, 10) in order to allow the flow of the first heat-transfer fluid and of the second heat-transfer fluid in and through this exchanger block and the transfer of calories therebetween, said exchanger block being adapted to allow the flow of a first stream of heat-transfer fluid in said flow enclosure in a direction, referred to as main flow direction of the first fluid, between the first inlet (4) and the first outlet (6),
    - said exchanger block comprising a plurality of internal plates (13, 14, 15, 16) disposed substantially in parallel with each other between two ends of said exchanger block, each space between two adjacent internal plates defining a layer, referred to as internal layer, for flow of one of said first heat-transfer fluid and of said second heat-transfer fluid, said internal plates being disposed substantially in parallel with said external plates (2),
    characterized in that the first internal layer for flow of said first heat-transfer fluid and the last internal layer for flow of said first heat-transfer fluid, referred to as end internal layers, each comprise at least one device, referred to as flow-limiting device, configured to be able to impede, at least in part, the flow of said first stream of fluid in said end internal layer, while allowing the flow of a non-zero stream of fluid in said end internal layer,
    the internal layers, referred to as central internal layers, disposed between said first internal layer and said last internal layer having no flow limiting device, and
    each flow limiting device comprising at least one planar portion extending substantially orthogonally to said main flow direction of the first fluid.
  2. Device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that each end internal layer is configured to allow the passage of a non-zero stream of said first heat-transfer fluid, the temperature of said second heat-transfer fluid being higher than the temperature of said first heat-transfer fluid.
  3. Device as claimed in any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that each flow limiting device comprises at least one flow guide (20, 25) adapted to be in the form of a plurality of channels which are substantially in parallel with each other, each flow guide being disposed in each end internal layer so that said channels extend in a direction substantially orthogonal to the main flow direction of the first fluid.
  4. Device as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that each flow guide (20, 25) extends throughout said first internal layer and throughout said last internal layer for flow of said first heat-transfer fluid of the exchanger block (12).
  5. Device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that each flow limiting device comprises at least one bar (30) extending mainly in a longitudinal direction, said bar being disposed so that the longitudinal direction of said bar is orthogonal to the main flow direction of the first heat-transfer fluid, said bar (30) having at least two through-openings (32) adapted to allow the passage of a stream of said first heat-transfer fluid through said through-openings.
  6. Device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that each internal layer, referred to as central internal layer, disposed between said first internal layer and said last internal layer of said exchanger block, is provided with at least one flow guide (50) adapted to form a plurality of channels which are substantially in parallel with each other, each flow guide being disposed in said central internal layer so that said channels extend in a direction substantially in parallel with the main flow direction of the heat-transfer fluid in said central internal layer.
  7. Air-conditioning system characterized in that it comprises at least one heat-exchange device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6.
  8. Vehicle - in particular an aircraft - characterized in that it comprises at least one air-conditioning system as claimed in claim 7.
EP22835344.7A 2021-12-13 2022-12-09 Heat exchange device comprising flow restriction devices, air conditioning system and vehicle Active EP4449041B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR2113414A FR3130359B1 (en) 2021-12-13 2021-12-13 HEAT EXCHANGE DEVICE COMPRISING AT LEAST ONE FLOW LIMITER DEVICE, AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM AND VEHICLE
PCT/EP2022/085259 WO2023110685A1 (en) 2021-12-13 2022-12-09 Heat-exchange device comprising flow-limiting devices, air-conditioning system and vehicle

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EP4449041B1 true EP4449041B1 (en) 2025-07-23

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US (1) US20250052507A1 (en)
EP (1) EP4449041B1 (en)
CN (1) CN118541579A (en)
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GB654395A (en) * 1942-05-22 1951-06-13 Gyorgy Jendrassik Improvements in or relating to plate heat exchangers for fluids
CA2113519C (en) * 1994-01-14 1999-06-08 Allan K. So Passive by-pass for heat exchangers
KR20130093155A (en) * 2004-10-07 2013-08-21 브룩스 오토메이션, 인크. Efficient heat exchanger for refrigeration process
US9279626B2 (en) * 2012-01-23 2016-03-08 Honeywell International Inc. Plate-fin heat exchanger with a porous blocker bar
US10112270B2 (en) 2013-08-21 2018-10-30 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Heat exchanger fin with crack arrestor
JP6699718B2 (en) * 2016-02-17 2020-05-27 株式会社Ihi Heat treatment equipment
FR3079605B1 (en) * 2018-03-30 2020-03-13 Airbus Helicopters PLATE HEAT EXCHANGER PROVIDED WITH A FLOW DISTRIBUTION SHIELD FOR A TURBOMOTOR
IT201900016244A1 (en) * 2019-09-13 2021-03-13 Denso Thermal Systems Spa Plate heat exchanger equipped with refrigerant inlet manifold with calibrated orifice

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FR3130359B1 (en) 2024-04-26
EP4449041A1 (en) 2024-10-23
CN118541579A (en) 2024-08-23
ES3040360T3 (en) 2025-10-30
WO2023110685A1 (en) 2023-06-22
US20250052507A1 (en) 2025-02-13

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