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EP4332686A1 - Spiralfeder für eine spiralunruh-einheit einer uhrwerke - Google Patents

Spiralfeder für eine spiralunruh-einheit einer uhrwerke Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4332686A1
EP4332686A1 EP22192771.8A EP22192771A EP4332686A1 EP 4332686 A1 EP4332686 A1 EP 4332686A1 EP 22192771 A EP22192771 A EP 22192771A EP 4332686 A1 EP4332686 A1 EP 4332686A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hairspring
turns
pin
balance
piton
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP22192771.8A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Julien Christan
Raphaël Courvoisier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ETA SA Manufacture Horlogere Suisse
Original Assignee
ETA SA Manufacture Horlogere Suisse
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ETA SA Manufacture Horlogere Suisse filed Critical ETA SA Manufacture Horlogere Suisse
Priority to EP22192771.8A priority Critical patent/EP4332686A1/de
Priority to EP23190159.6A priority patent/EP4332687B1/de
Priority to US18/366,805 priority patent/US12535770B2/en
Priority to JP2023132275A priority patent/JP7591107B2/ja
Priority to KR1020230112084A priority patent/KR102889184B1/ko
Priority to CN202322356177.2U priority patent/CN220894734U/zh
Priority to CN202311105166.5A priority patent/CN117631509A/zh
Publication of EP4332686A1 publication Critical patent/EP4332686A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/32—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. collet, stud, virole or piton
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
    • G04B17/06—Oscillators with hairsprings, e.g. balance
    • G04B17/063—Balance construction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
    • G04B17/06—Oscillators with hairsprings, e.g. balance
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
    • G04B17/06—Oscillators with hairsprings, e.g. balance
    • G04B17/066—Manufacture of the spiral spring
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/32—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. collet, stud, virole or piton
    • G04B17/325—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. collet, stud, virole or piton for fastening the hairspring in a fixed position, e.g. using a block
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/32—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. collet, stud, virole or piton
    • G04B17/34—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. collet, stud, virole or piton for fastening the hairspring onto the balance
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B18/00—Mechanisms for setting frequency
    • G04B18/02—Regulator or adjustment devices; Indexing devices, e.g. raquettes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B18/00—Mechanisms for setting frequency
    • G04B18/04—Adjusting the beat of the pendulum, balance, or the like, e.g. putting into beat
    • G04B18/06—Adjusting the beat of the pendulum, balance, or the like, e.g. putting into beat by setting the collet or the stud of a hairspring

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a balance spring for a balance-spring assembly of a watch movement.
  • the present invention also relates to a watch assembly comprising a hairspring and a pin.
  • a hairspring associated with a balance, forms a regulating organ commonly called a balance-spring for mechanical timepieces.
  • the hairspring appears in the form of a very fine spring which winds on itself in concentric turns when no constraint is exerted on it.
  • a first end of the hairspring called the first turn on the inside
  • a ferrule adjusted to an axis of the balance wheel
  • a second end of the hairspring called the last turn on the outside
  • eyebolt which is a part generally fixed by means of a eyebolt holder in a balance bridge also called a cock.
  • the time base for mechanical timepieces also called an oscillating system, includes a balance-spring pair and an escapement.
  • the balance wheel consists of a balance shaft pivoted between a first and a second bearing and connected to a balance wheel rim by means of radial arms.
  • the hairspring is fixed via its first turn on the inside to the axis of the balance, for example by means of a ferrule, and it is fixed via its last turn on the outside to a fixed attachment point such as a piton carried by a piton carrier.
  • the escapement in a very widespread embodiment, it comprises a double plate system consisting of a large plate which carries a plate pin and a small plate in which is made a notch.
  • the escapement also includes an anchor, an anchor rod of which is pivoted between a first and a second bearing.
  • the anchor consists of a rod that connects a fork to an input arm and an output arm.
  • the fork consists of an entry horn and an exit horn between which a stinger extends.
  • the fork travel is limited by an entry limit pin and an exit limit pin which can be made in one piece with an anchor bridge.
  • the input arm and the output arm respectively carry an input pallet and an output pallet.
  • the anchor cooperates with an escape wheel comprising an escape wheel axle pivoted between a first and a second bearing.
  • a hairspring is a spring which, as its name suggests, takes the shape of a spiral when it is at rest. Winded in a horizontal plane, parallel to the plane of the watch movement, the hairspring serves only one function: to make the balance oscillate around its equilibrium position, also called dead center, at the most constant frequency possible. When the balance leaves its equilibrium position by pivoting in a given direction, it tightens the hairspring. This creates a restoring torque in the balance spring which has the effect of returning the balance to its equilibrium position. During this beat, the hairspring relaxes.
  • the hairspring therefore relaxes and contracts alternately: we say that it breathes.
  • many factors contribute to preventing a spiral from developing isochronously during the expansion and contraction phases.
  • the hairspring must in particular resist oxidation and magnetism which stick the turns together and tend to stop the watch.
  • the influence of atmospheric pressure on the other hand, is weak. For a long time, it was temperature which was the heart of the problem, because heat expands the metal, while cold shrinks it.
  • the hairspring must also be elastic to deform and yet always regain its shape.
  • the material used to make the hairsprings is usually steel. Ductile, such steels must resist corrosion. Recent developments also suggest making hairsprings in silicon. Silicon hairsprings, notably because they are insensitive to magnetism, are more precise than their steel predecessors. On the other hand, their cost price is higher and, being fragile, they are more difficult to assemble.
  • a hairspring must be isochronous. No matter how far the hairspring turns, it must always take the same amount of time to oscillate. If the hairspring contracts only a few degrees, it accumulates little energy and slowly returns to its equilibrium position. If the hairspring is moved far from its equilibrium position, it moves very quickly in the opposite direction. The important thing is that these two trips take place within the same duration. The underlying idea is that the energy available to the hairspring is not constant and that it must still function whether the watch is fully wound or is in its last hours of power reserve.
  • hairsprings Due to their small dimensions, hairsprings are difficult to assemble. However, the way in which the two ends of a hairspring are fixed also greatly influences the precision of the running of the watch movement. In most mechanical watch movements, the two ends of the hairspring are inserted into a pierced part and are immobilized by means of a pin force-fitted manually using pliers. A slight rotation of the hairspring can then occur, which is detrimental to the precision of the movement.
  • Another technique consists of fixing the ends of the spirals using glue.
  • this technique also showed its limits. It has in fact been observed that due to its viscosity, the glue exerts by capillarity a traction force on the hairspring and can press the ends of the hairspring against the walls of the piton in which these ends are engaged. The resulting deformation of the hairspring induces mechanical stresses in it which are detrimental to the regularity of its operation.
  • the present invention aims to remedy the problems mentioned above as well as others by providing a hairspring of which a final turn on the outside can be fixed to a pin reliably without resorting to glue or to pins or even to operations such as pinching, crimping or others.
  • the present invention relates to a hairspring of a balance-spring assembly of a mechanical watch movement, the hairspring being formed of a succession of turns which extend between a first free end, called the first turn at the inside, and a second free end, called the last turn on the outside, the turns of the hairspring being arranged in an off-centered manner when it is in the free state, the last turn outside the hairspring ending with a stopping means for fixing it to a pin, the balance spring being fixed by its first turn inside to an axis of the balance wheel and by its last turn outside to the pin when it is in the mounted state in the balance-spring assembly, the turns rearranging themselves concentrically when this hairspring is in the mounted state, the fixing of the hairspring on the pin inducing in the turns of the hairspring an elastic stress thanks to which the stopping means is found fixed in a captive manner on the piton.
  • the present invention also relates to a hairspring and a pin for a balance-spring assembly of a mechanical watch movement, the hairspring being formed of a succession of turns which extend between a first free end, called the first turn at the inside, and a second free end, called the last turn on the outside, the turns of the hairspring being arranged in an off-centered manner when it is in the free state, the last turn outside the hairspring ending in a stopping means, the pin comprising a base in which a clearance is provided in which the stopping means is received, the turns rearranging themselves concentrically when this hairspring is at the mounted state in the balance-spring assembly, the fixing of the balance spring on the pin inducing in the turns of the balance spring an elastic constraint thanks to which the stopping means finds itself imperviously engaged in the release of the pin.
  • the stopping means is shaped like a hook.
  • the hook is shaped like a T, L, U or even in the shape of a marine anchor.
  • the hairspring is made of silicon, for example by plasma cutting of a silicon plate.
  • the present invention provides a watch assembly formed of a pin and a hairspring of which a final turn on the outside can be fixed to the pin reliably.
  • the passage of the hairspring from a position in which its turns are arranged off-centered relative to each other when it is in the free state to a position in which its turns are centered when the free end of its last turn on the outside is fixed on the pin causing an elastic tensioning of the turns of the hairspring thanks to which the stopping means finds itself imperviously engaged in the pin.
  • the hairspring can therefore be fixed on its pin without resorting to glue or pins or even operations such as pinching, crimping or others.
  • the fixing of the stopping means on the pin is done under constraint, this constraint inducing in the balance spring a mechanical tension which will simultaneously guarantee the blocking of the last turn outside the hairspring on the pin and the chronometric performance of the regulating assembly by concentric rearrangement of the turns of the hairspring.
  • the present invention proceeds from the general inventive idea which consists of providing a hairspring which, in the unmounted state, when no constraint other than the force of gravitation is exerted on it, has its turns off-centered, so that the space which separates two consecutive turns from the next two turns is not the same as we move away from the center of the spiral materialized by its first turn inside.
  • the hairspring according to the invention is arranged in such a way that, when it is fixed on the pin by the free end of its last turn on the outside, its turns find themselves centered, so that its turns are extend concentrically.
  • the passage of the balance spring from its free state in which its turns are off-centered to its state fixed on the pin in which its turns are centered causes the elastic tension of its turns, whereby the means stopping provided at the free end of its last turn on the outside finds itself imperviously engaged in the clearance provided in the piton.
  • the fixing of the hairspring according to the invention is therefore done without the use of glue or specific tools. This fixing is therefore simpler, quicker and more reliable than with the hairsprings of the state of the art.
  • the operation of the hairspring assemblies -resulting pendulum depends less on the skill of the operators or the correct adjustment of the machines for fixing the hairsprings and is therefore much more reproducible.
  • FIG. 1 An exemplary embodiment of a hairspring according to the invention is shown in figure 1 .
  • this hairspring comprises a plurality of turns S1, S2,..., Sn which extend between a first turn inside 2 which is located at the center 4 of the hairspring 1, and a final turn on the outside 6 which is located outside the hairspring 1.
  • the hairspring 1 is in a free state in which no constraint is exerted on it, except the force of terrestrial gravitation.
  • the balance spring 1 is in a rest position in which its turns S1,..., Sn are off-center, that is to say a position in which the distance R2,3 which separates the second turn S2 of the third turn S3 is not the same as the distance R1,2 which separates the first turn S1 from the second turn S2.
  • This stopping means takes the form of a hook 8, for example in the shape of a “T” comprising a foot 10 and a head 12 perpendicular to each other.
  • the foot 10 and the head 12 of the hook 8 are each formed of a bar of the same cross section as that of the turns S1,..., Sn of the spiral 1.
  • the hook 8 can have a section different from that of the turns S1,..., Sn of the hairspring 1. It can even consider locally varying the section of the hook 8 in order to adapt the mechanical stiffness of the different elements which make up the hook 8 for optimal fixing of the hook 8 on the eyebolt 14.
  • the hook 8 is arranged so that, for the case where it is shaped in a “T”, the bar which constitutes the head 12 of this hook 8 extends substantially perpendicular to the last turn Sn of the hairspring 1. Note that the stopping means such as the hook 8 does not contribute to the active length of the hairspring 1.
  • FIG. 2A is a perspective view of a peak according to the invention.
  • this piton can, in a non-limiting manner, be in the form of a cylinder.
  • the eyebolt 14 comprises a base 16 in which a clearance is provided such as a groove 18 which extends from one side to the base 16. This groove 18 opens into a slot 20 formed in the eyebolt 14 transversely to the groove 18 .
  • FIG. 3A is a perspective view on which is represented the hairspring 1 fixed on the pin 14 by its last turn on the outside 6.
  • the hook 8 is slipped into the groove 18 of the pin 14, then immobilized by bringing its head 12 resting against the bottom 22 of the slot 20.
  • the balance spring 1 adopts a centered position in which its turns S1,..., Sn are arranged concentrically, preferably but not necessarily at an equal distance from each other.
  • a force which would include (see Figure 3B ) a first component F2 directed radially towards the center 4 of the hairspring 1 to allow the head 12 of the hook 8 to disengage from the slot 20 of the pin 14, and a second component F3 directed towards the outside of the groove 18 formed in the base 16 of the pin 14, in order to allow the foot 10 of the hook 8 to disengage from this groove 18, which is practically impossible in the event of mechanical shocks for example during normal use of the watch.
  • the hairspring 1 according to the invention can for example be formed from a silicon bar with a width w and a thickness t (see Figure 4 ) obtained by means of the process described in the European patent application EP 1 422 436 A1 . It can for example come from plasma cutting of a monocrystalline silicon wafer and include a silicon core coated with an external layer of silicon oxide having thermal compensation properties.
  • the hairspring 1 according to the invention can also be made of metal or of a metal alloy for example by means of the LIGA process (Lithographische Galvano Abformung in German): after deposition of a layer of photosensitive polymer on a substrate by centrifugation, we use this layer of photosensitive polymer to form a hollow structure corresponding to the desired contour of the hairspring 1 by photolithography.
  • the layer of photosensitive polymer whose thickness corresponds to the desired height of the turns of the hairspring 1 is exposed to light through a photolithography mask, then chemically attacked to obtain the hollow structure corresponding to the desired contour of the hairspring 1.
  • the hollow structure is then filled with a metal or an alloy metallic for example by electrodeposition or by compression and sintering ( US 4,661,212 ) then, finally, the hollow structure is dissolved chemically and the hairspring 1 is released.
  • hook 8 can of course be considered, for example in the shape of an "L", oriented on the interior side (see figure 5A ) or exterior side (see Figure 5B ), or in the shape of a marine anchor (see Figure 6 ), or even in the shape of a “U” (see Figures 7A and 7B ).
  • Other forms of the clearance provided in the base of the eyebolt 14 can also be envisaged: rather than a slot 20 extending transversely to the groove 18, at least one and, preferably, two notches 24 can be provided parallel to the groove 18, on either side of the latter. This embodiment is particularly well suited to cases where the hook 8 is shaped in an “L” shape or in the shape of a marine anchor.
  • the fixing of the free end of the last turn to the exterior 6 of the balance spring 1 on the pin 14 is always done by inserting the hook 8 into the groove 18 of the pin 14, then blocking the free ends of the hook 8 in the ( or the) notches 24.
  • the opening of the hook 8 must be equal to or close to the thickness of the wall 26 separating the groove 18 from the notch 24.
  • the hook 8 is shaped in a "U"

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Springs (AREA)
EP22192771.8A 2022-08-30 2022-08-30 Spiralfeder für eine spiralunruh-einheit einer uhrwerke Withdrawn EP4332686A1 (de)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP22192771.8A EP4332686A1 (de) 2022-08-30 2022-08-30 Spiralfeder für eine spiralunruh-einheit einer uhrwerke
EP23190159.6A EP4332687B1 (de) 2022-08-30 2023-08-08 Spiralfeder einer unruh-spiralfeder einer mechanischen uhr
US18/366,805 US12535770B2 (en) 2022-08-30 2023-08-08 Balance spring of a sprung balance assembly of a mechanical horological movement
JP2023132275A JP7591107B2 (ja) 2022-08-30 2023-08-15 機械式時計のムーブメントのスプリング式バランスアセンブリのバランススプリング
KR1020230112084A KR102889184B1 (ko) 2022-08-30 2023-08-25 기계적 측시 무브먼트의 스프렁 밸런스 어셈블리의 밸런스 스프링
CN202322356177.2U CN220894734U (zh) 2022-08-30 2023-08-30 机械钟表机芯的游丝摆轮组件的摆轮游丝以及钟表组件
CN202311105166.5A CN117631509A (zh) 2022-08-30 2023-08-30 机械钟表机芯的游丝摆轮组件的摆轮游丝

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP22192771.8A EP4332686A1 (de) 2022-08-30 2022-08-30 Spiralfeder für eine spiralunruh-einheit einer uhrwerke

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4332686A1 true EP4332686A1 (de) 2024-03-06

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Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP22192771.8A Withdrawn EP4332686A1 (de) 2022-08-30 2022-08-30 Spiralfeder für eine spiralunruh-einheit einer uhrwerke
EP23190159.6A Active EP4332687B1 (de) 2022-08-30 2023-08-08 Spiralfeder einer unruh-spiralfeder einer mechanischen uhr

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP23190159.6A Active EP4332687B1 (de) 2022-08-30 2023-08-08 Spiralfeder einer unruh-spiralfeder einer mechanischen uhr

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US12535770B2 (de)
EP (2) EP4332686A1 (de)
JP (1) JP7591107B2 (de)
KR (1) KR102889184B1 (de)
CN (2) CN220894734U (de)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP7750561B2 (ja) * 2024-03-07 2025-10-07 株式会社３Ｄサイエンスゴルフ ゴルフ練習支援方法

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EP1422436A1 (de) 2002-11-25 2004-05-26 CSEM Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique SA Spiraluhrwerkfeder und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
CH700653A2 (fr) * 2009-03-24 2010-09-30 Manuf Et Fabrique De Montres E Ressort spiral et sa raquetterie.
CH708429A1 (fr) * 2013-08-19 2015-02-27 Manuf Et Fabrique De Montres Et Chronomètres Ulysse Nardin Le Locle S A Spiral pour organe réglant de montre mécanique, organe régulateur muni d'un tel spiral, et procédé de réalisation d'un tel spiral.
CH714775B1 (fr) * 2018-05-14 2019-09-13 Eta Sa Mft Horlogere Suisse Piton pour la fixation d'un ressort spiral d'un mouvement d'horlogerie et procédés de fabrication d'un tel piton.
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4661212A (en) 1985-10-22 1987-04-28 Kernforschungszentrum Kalrsruhe Gmbh Method for producing a plurality of plate shaped microstructured metal bodies
EP1422436A1 (de) 2002-11-25 2004-05-26 CSEM Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique SA Spiraluhrwerkfeder und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
CH700653A2 (fr) * 2009-03-24 2010-09-30 Manuf Et Fabrique De Montres E Ressort spiral et sa raquetterie.
CH708429A1 (fr) * 2013-08-19 2015-02-27 Manuf Et Fabrique De Montres Et Chronomètres Ulysse Nardin Le Locle S A Spiral pour organe réglant de montre mécanique, organe régulateur muni d'un tel spiral, et procédé de réalisation d'un tel spiral.
WO2019180177A1 (fr) 2018-03-21 2019-09-26 Nivarox-Far S.A. Procede de fabrication d'un spiral en silicium
CH714775B1 (fr) * 2018-05-14 2019-09-13 Eta Sa Mft Horlogere Suisse Piton pour la fixation d'un ressort spiral d'un mouvement d'horlogerie et procédés de fabrication d'un tel piton.
EP3859449A1 (de) * 2020-01-30 2021-08-04 ETA SA Manufacture Horlogère Suisse Leitende schnur für spirale

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EP4332687A1 (de) 2024-03-06
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KR20240031086A (ko) 2024-03-07
KR102889184B1 (ko) 2025-11-20
CN117631509A (zh) 2024-03-01
JP2024035115A (ja) 2024-03-13
EP4332687B1 (de) 2025-12-31
US12535770B2 (en) 2026-01-27

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