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EP4325137A1 - Chauffage électrique ptc modulaire - Google Patents

Chauffage électrique ptc modulaire Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4325137A1
EP4325137A1 EP23190607.4A EP23190607A EP4325137A1 EP 4325137 A1 EP4325137 A1 EP 4325137A1 EP 23190607 A EP23190607 A EP 23190607A EP 4325137 A1 EP4325137 A1 EP 4325137A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
module
electric heater
modular
ptc electric
modules
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP23190607.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Stanislav Kovár
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vaillant GmbH
Protherm Production sro
Original Assignee
Vaillant GmbH
Protherm Production sro
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vaillant GmbH, Protherm Production sro filed Critical Vaillant GmbH
Publication of EP4325137A1 publication Critical patent/EP4325137A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/10—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
    • F24H1/101—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium using electric energy supply
    • F24H1/102—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium using electric energy supply with resistance
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/10—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
    • F24H1/12—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium
    • F24H1/121—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium using electric energy supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/10—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
    • F24H1/12—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium
    • F24H1/14—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium by tubes, e.g. bent in serpentine form
    • F24H1/142—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium by tubes, e.g. bent in serpentine form using electric energy supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/18—Water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/20—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes
    • F24H1/201—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes using electric energy supply
    • F24H1/202—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes using electric energy supply with resistances
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/0005—Details for water heaters
    • F24H9/001—Guiding means
    • F24H9/0015—Guiding means in water channels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/02—Details
    • H05B3/04—Waterproof or air-tight seals for heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/02—Details
    • H05B3/06—Heater elements structurally combined with coupling elements or holders
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/78—Heating arrangements specially adapted for immersion heating
    • H05B3/82—Fixedly-mounted immersion heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/02—Heaters using heating elements having a positive temperature coefficient
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/021—Heaters specially adapted for heating liquids

Definitions

  • the presented invention concerns an electric heater for heat transfer fluid, in particular water or a mixture of water and antifreeze agent, which is routed in a closed circuit of a building heating system.
  • the invention particularly concerns an auxiliary (back-up) electric heater in heating systems with a heat pump.
  • the heat pump systems are usually supplemented by an additional heating source - for example, solar heating or an auxiliary (back-up) electric heater, or a combination of several heating sources.
  • an additional heating source for example, solar heating or an auxiliary (back-up) electric heater, or a combination of several heating sources.
  • An auxiliary (back-up) electric heater is used in the heat pump systems especially when the heat extracted from the outside environment is not sufficient for comfortable heating and/or hot water heating, especially in winter months. At the same time, the electric heater also prevents freezing of the heat transfer medium.
  • the heating elements are made as resistive heating elements (rods, coils).
  • the heating coil heats up to a temperature of 850°C, which can cause overheating of adjacent parts if the temperature of the heating source is not properly controlled or monitored.
  • an expansive safety concept is required.
  • the electric resistance coil heaters are described, for example, in EP3910260 A1 , EP3869118 A1 and EP3037741 A1 documents.
  • PTC elements are elements that are electrically conductive at low temperatures, but after a certain temperature barrier is reached, the electrical conductivity drops sharply. Thus, when the temperature of the PTC element increases, its resistance increases. Negative feedback is used, acting on the actual self-heating of the PTC element due to the passing current. When powered from a constant voltage source, this will cause a drop in power on the PTC element, counteracting further temperature rise. The result is simple heating with stabilization of the temperature of the heated space.
  • the existing PTC fluid heating devices (for use in automobiles in particular) generally contain a PTC heating element with a heat transfer structure that is typically very complex and therefore has disadvantages such as a low heat transfer rate and uneven heat transfer.
  • Even modular solutions that allow for the increase in the heater power are typically very complex and not applicable for heating in heating systems. Such devices are described, for example, in EP 2792211 A1 document.
  • the cartridge heating elements of similar design optimize heat transfer to ensure uniform heating and are also used for heating very small volumes with specific power and high temperatures.
  • the electric back-up heater for heat pump systems is designed to provide power outputs typically from 5 kW to 12 kW.
  • a commercially produced cartridge heating element provides power of typically up to 450W.
  • the use of multiple PTC cartridge heating elements, suitably arranged to transfer the heating energy as efficiently as possible, will be required.
  • the resistance coils used in the previous generation of electric back-up heaters could be arranged in a simple way in a cylindrical exchanger and did not require further increase in dimensions when increasing the power of the back-up heater, i.e. a single exchanger dimension could be used for all performance ranges.
  • the aim of the presented invention is to design a PTC electric heater with a high level of power and dimensional variability using a cartridge PTC heating element. This is achieved by a modular and expandable assembly.
  • a PTC electric heater of smaller power will have smaller dimensions than a more powerful PTC electric heater.
  • the modular assembly will be easily expandable while ensuring the required watertightness of the assembly.
  • the expandable modular PTC electric heater is assembled from separate modules that are simply connected by a watertight joint using a sealed connecting piece. All modules have the identical design.
  • the module is made as a cylindrical or cuboidal (flattened) tank with a cavity watertight closed by two flanges or plugs.
  • the module has a tubular inlet opening and a tubular outlet opening, both openings being connected to the cavity.
  • At least one PTC cartridge heating element is mounted on at least one flange (or plug) and is provided with a casing made of a stainless material (such as aluminum, aluminum alloy, or steel) with one end closed and power wires coming from the other end.
  • the casing of the heating element may preferably be coated with an insulating plastic material.
  • the casing design does not require any additional casing insulation when installed in the module cavity.
  • the cartridge PTC heating element can be provided with parts for fixing in a flange (or in a plug), the fixing of the PTC heating element to the flange is not described in detail as it is part of the state of the art (a fixing nut, silicone gasket, etc. are used).
  • the PTC cartridge heating element mounted and connected to an electrical source, transfers heat to the fluid flowing through the module cavity.
  • the module is provided with ribs arranged in the cavity to prevent swirling and to direct the fluid flow from the tubular inlet opening to the tubular outlet opening.
  • the ribs also serve to stiffen the entire module and increase resistance to the pressure of the flowing fluid.
  • a tubular inlet opening of the second module is connected to the tubular outlet opening of the first module, the second module being rotated 180°.
  • the electric heater can be expanded as required.
  • the tubular openings have stops for the connecting piece.
  • the connecting piece made of metal or suitable plastic is fitted with two sealing rings, which is inserted into the tubular openings to form a watertight connection.
  • the module is provided with a protruding wall on the outer surface with a cut-out for mutual connection and/or fixing the position of the modules.
  • the module is also provided with two holds on the outer surface with openings for threading the connecting rods through.
  • the connecting rod is preferably metal and can have a thread with a nut on both ends to press the modules together and create a tight connection between all modules.
  • the module can be made of a suitable metal or plastic material designed for hot heat transfer fluid, also the connecting rod can be made of any firm material.
  • the module is made of plastic by injection molding.
  • Fig. 6 shows an expandable modular electric PTC heater 100.
  • the expandable modular PTC electric heater 100 is provided with a cold fluid inlet 30 and a heated fluid outlet 40, and is assembled from four separate modules 10, each module 10 being made as a cylindrical tank 1 with a cavity watertight sealed by two flanges 2.
  • the module 10 has a tubular inlet opening 3 and a tubular outlet opening 4, both openings 3, 4 being connected to the tank cavity 1.
  • Each module 10 has four PTC cartridge heating elements 5 mounted on each flange 2 and provided with a stainless steel casing with one end sealed, immersed in fluid, and power wires coming from the other end.
  • the PTC casing of the heating element 5 may preferably be coated with an insulating plastic material.
  • the module 10 (shown in Fig. 1 , 2 and 3 ) is provided with ribs 9 arranged in the cavity to prevent swirling and to direct the fluid flow from the tubular inlet opening 3 to the tubular outlet opening 4.
  • the ribs 9 simultaneously serve to stiffen the entire module 10 and increase the strength against the pressure of the flowing fluid.
  • the PTC cartridge heating elements 5 are mounted in the flange 2 in such a way they extend into the module cavity 10 between the ribs 9.
  • a tubular inlet opening 3 of the second module 10 is connected to the tubular outlet opening 4 of the first module 10, the second module 10 being rotated 180°.
  • the first module 10 means the upstream (preceding) module
  • the second module 10 means the downstream (following) module in the fluid flow direction.
  • the tubular openings 3,4 have stops 11 for the connecting piece 7 which is inserted into the openings 3,4 to make a watertight connection.
  • the connecting piece 7 is provided with two sealing rings 71, 72 (shown in Figure 4 ).
  • the fluid flows through the cold fluid inlet 30 in the flow direction from the inlet opening 3 of each module 10 to its outlet opening 4, the flow being directed by the ribs 9, and this method of guiding the fluid through the modules 10 shows the smallest pressure losses.
  • the cold fluid inlet 30 is at the lowest point of the modular electric PTC heater 100, such an arrangement being advantageous due to the removal of air bubbles directed upstream to where the vent valve is usually located in the system.
  • the cold fluid inlet 30 may be at the highest point of the modular electric PTC heater 100.
  • the illustrated direction of the fluid flow shows that the fluid flows through the connected modules 10 always from the inlet annular opening 3 to the outlet annular opening 4.
  • the module 10 provided with a protruding wall 8 on the outer surface with a cut-out for connecting the modules to each other and/or fixing their position prior to connection by means of a connecting piece 7.
  • the module 10 is also provided with two holds 6 on the outer surface with openings for threading the connecting rods 50 through.
  • the connecting rod 50 is preferably metal and can be threaded with a nut on both ends for additional pressing the modules 10 together and forming a tight connection between all modules 10 and the respective connecting pieces 5.
  • the module 10 can be made of a suitable metal or plastic material designed for hot heat transfer fluid, also the connecting rod 50 can be made of any firm material.
  • the module 10 is made of plastic by injection molding.
  • the modular PTC electric heater 100 is assembled from four modules 10, each having eight of cartridge PTC heating elements 5 having a power of 400 W, and thus the total power output of the modular PTC electric heater is 12.8 kW.
  • the modular electric PTC heater has overall dimensions of 300mm x 110mm x 480mm (length x width x height), which is a suitable power and dimensions for using the modular heater as a back-up electric heater for heat pump systems.
  • the modular PTC electric heater 100 assembled from two modules 10, each of which has eight cartridge PTC heating elements 5 having a power of 400 W, and thus the total power of the modular PTC electric heater is 6.4 kW.
  • a smaller back-up electric heater for heat pump systems is created.
  • a heat pump system for heating buildings and/or preparing domestic hot water is protected, wherein the back-up electric heater connected in a closed circuit of the heat transfer medium is a modular PTC electric heater according to the presented invention.
  • the modular PTC electric heater according to the presented solution can replace currently used electric heaters with resistance coils.
  • the invention allows the heater assembly to be easily expanded depending on the required power, with output values ranging from 400W and virtually unlimited from above.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
EP23190607.4A 2022-08-15 2023-08-09 Chauffage électrique ptc modulaire Withdrawn EP4325137A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SK108-2022U SK9745Y1 (sk) 2022-08-15 2022-08-15 Modulárny PTC elektrický ohrievač

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4325137A1 true EP4325137A1 (fr) 2024-02-21

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EP23190607.4A Withdrawn EP4325137A1 (fr) 2022-08-15 2023-08-09 Chauffage électrique ptc modulaire

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EP (1) EP4325137A1 (fr)
SK (1) SK9745Y1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT527850A4 (de) * 2024-07-04 2025-07-15 Thomas Euler Rolle Rohrbündelwärmetauscher
EP4617584A1 (fr) * 2024-03-11 2025-09-17 Vaillant GmbH Chauffage électrique ptc

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4603759A1 (fr) * 2024-02-15 2025-08-20 BDR Thermea Group B.V. Dispositif de chauffage et système de pompe à chaleur

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19613579A1 (de) * 1996-04-04 1997-10-09 Eckerfeld Erika Elektrischer Durchlauferhitzer
EP2022687A1 (fr) * 2007-07-30 2009-02-11 Chia-Hsiung Wu Chauffage pour fluides de véhicule
WO2011135441A1 (fr) * 2010-04-27 2011-11-03 N&W Global Vending S.P.A. Chaudière de chauffage de liquide
EP2792211A1 (fr) 2011-12-15 2014-10-22 Behr GmbH & Co. KG Appareil de chauffage fonctionnant à l'électricité
US20140314398A1 (en) * 2011-09-06 2014-10-23 Valeo Sytemes Thermiques Electrical Heating Device For A Motor Vehicle And Vehicle And Associated Air-Conditioning And/Or Heating Unit
EP3037741A1 (fr) 2014-12-23 2016-06-29 Vaillant GmbH Procédé destiné à éviter le fonctionnement sans eau de chauffe-eau instantané
WO2021014432A1 (fr) 2019-07-25 2021-01-28 I.R.C.A. S.P.A. Industria Resistenze Corazzate E Affini Appareil de chauffage électrique
EP3869118A1 (fr) 2020-02-24 2021-08-25 Vaillant GmbH Chauffe-eau électrique
EP3910260A1 (fr) 2020-05-12 2021-11-17 Protherm Production s.r.o. Chauffe-eau électrique

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19613579A1 (de) * 1996-04-04 1997-10-09 Eckerfeld Erika Elektrischer Durchlauferhitzer
EP2022687A1 (fr) * 2007-07-30 2009-02-11 Chia-Hsiung Wu Chauffage pour fluides de véhicule
WO2011135441A1 (fr) * 2010-04-27 2011-11-03 N&W Global Vending S.P.A. Chaudière de chauffage de liquide
US20140314398A1 (en) * 2011-09-06 2014-10-23 Valeo Sytemes Thermiques Electrical Heating Device For A Motor Vehicle And Vehicle And Associated Air-Conditioning And/Or Heating Unit
EP2792211A1 (fr) 2011-12-15 2014-10-22 Behr GmbH & Co. KG Appareil de chauffage fonctionnant à l'électricité
EP3037741A1 (fr) 2014-12-23 2016-06-29 Vaillant GmbH Procédé destiné à éviter le fonctionnement sans eau de chauffe-eau instantané
WO2021014432A1 (fr) 2019-07-25 2021-01-28 I.R.C.A. S.P.A. Industria Resistenze Corazzate E Affini Appareil de chauffage électrique
EP3869118A1 (fr) 2020-02-24 2021-08-25 Vaillant GmbH Chauffe-eau électrique
EP3910260A1 (fr) 2020-05-12 2021-11-17 Protherm Production s.r.o. Chauffe-eau électrique

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4617584A1 (fr) * 2024-03-11 2025-09-17 Vaillant GmbH Chauffage électrique ptc
AT527850A4 (de) * 2024-07-04 2025-07-15 Thomas Euler Rolle Rohrbündelwärmetauscher
AT527850B1 (de) * 2024-07-04 2025-07-15 Thomas Euler Rolle Rohrbündelwärmetauscher
WO2026006869A1 (fr) * 2024-07-04 2026-01-08 Euler Rolle Thomas Échangeur de chaleur

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SK9745Y1 (sk) 2023-05-17
SK1082022U1 (sk) 2023-01-11

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