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EP4258315B1 - Commutateur dépendant de la température - Google Patents

Commutateur dépendant de la température Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4258315B1
EP4258315B1 EP23194600.5A EP23194600A EP4258315B1 EP 4258315 B1 EP4258315 B1 EP 4258315B1 EP 23194600 A EP23194600 A EP 23194600A EP 4258315 B1 EP4258315 B1 EP 4258315B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
temperature
snap
switch
switching
configuration
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP23194600.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP4258315A2 (fr
EP4258315A3 (fr
Inventor
Marcel P. Hofsaess
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication of EP4258315A2 publication Critical patent/EP4258315A2/fr
Publication of EP4258315A3 publication Critical patent/EP4258315A3/fr
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Publication of EP4258315B1 publication Critical patent/EP4258315B1/fr
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/72—Switches in which the opening movement and the closing movement of a contact are effected respectively by heating and cooling or vice versa
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/002—Thermally-actuated switches combined with protective means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/02—Details
    • H01H37/04—Bases; Housings; Mountings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/02—Details
    • H01H37/32—Thermally-sensitive members
    • H01H37/52—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element
    • H01H37/54—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element wherein the bimetallic element is inherently snap acting
    • H01H37/5409—Bistable switches; Resetting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/02—Details
    • H01H37/32—Thermally-sensitive members
    • H01H37/52—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element
    • H01H37/54—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element wherein the bimetallic element is inherently snap acting
    • H01H37/5427—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element wherein the bimetallic element is inherently snap acting encapsulated in sealed miniaturised housing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/02—Details
    • H01H37/64—Contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/02—Details
    • H01H37/32—Thermally-sensitive members
    • H01H37/52—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element
    • H01H2037/528—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element the bimetallic element being composed of more than two layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/02—Details
    • H01H37/32—Thermally-sensitive members
    • H01H37/52—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element
    • H01H37/54—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element wherein the bimetallic element is inherently snap acting
    • H01H2037/5481—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element wherein the bimetallic element is inherently snap acting the bimetallic snap element being mounted on the contact spring

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a temperature-dependent switch according to claim 1.
  • Such temperature-dependent switches are used in a known manner to protect electrical devices from overheating. To do this, the switch is electrically connected in series with the device to be protected and its supply voltage and is mechanically arranged on the device in such a way that it is in thermal connection with it.
  • a temperature-dependent switching mechanism ensures that the two stationary contacts of the switch are electrically connected to one another below the response temperature of the switching mechanism. This means that the circuit is closed below the response temperature and the load current of the device to be protected can flow through the switch.
  • the switching mechanism lifts the movable contact element from the counter contact, which opens the switch and interrupts the load current of the device to be protected.
  • the device which is now de-energized, can cool down again. This also cools down the switch, which is thermally coupled to the device, and would then close again automatically.
  • the known switch is a switch in which, in addition to the usual switching mechanism, a second switching mechanism is used, which switches at a higher switching temperature than the first switching mechanism.
  • This additional, second switching mechanism serves as a safety element that opens the switch even if, for example, the first switching mechanism is tired or malfunctions for other reasons, or if a safety temperature is exceeded that is above the response temperature of the first switching mechanism.
  • the first switching mechanism is therefore responsible for the usual opening and closing, whereas the second switching mechanism only becomes active when its own response temperature, which is above the response temperature of the first switching mechanism, is exceeded.
  • the second switching mechanism can also provide a so-called self-holding function. It keeps the switch open even when the first switching mechanism snaps back into its low-temperature configuration when the temperature falls below its reset temperature and tries to close the switch. The second switching mechanism can then prevent the switch from being reset.
  • the so-called self-holding function is used in the DE 10 2007 063 650 B4 known switch is achieved by the fact that the second switching mechanism has a temperature-independent bistable spring part that holds the second switching mechanism and thus the switch in the open position even when the temperature-dependent snap part of the second switching mechanism springs back to its low-temperature configuration. Switching back does not therefore take place automatically in the cooling position of the switch. Therefore, the device to be protected cannot switch back on automatically after being switched off.
  • This type of self-holding of the switch is a safety function designed to prevent damage, as is the case, for example, with electric motors used as drive units.
  • Another switch with self-holding function is from the DE 10 2013 101 392 A1
  • This switch has a single temperature-dependent switching mechanism with a temperature-independent bimetallic snap disc and a bistable spring disc that carries a moving contact or a current transfer element.
  • the bimetallic snap disc When the bimetallic snap disc is heated to a temperature above its response temperature, it lifts the moving contact or the current transfer element against the force of the spring disc from one or two counter contacts and presses the spring disc into its second stable configuration in which the switching mechanism is in its high-temperature position.
  • the switch and thus the bimetallic snap disc cool down again, it springs back into its first configuration.
  • its edge cannot be supported on a counter bearing, so that the spring disc remains in the configuration in which the switch is open.
  • a switch with such a self-holding mechanism is known from EP 0 951 040 B2
  • This type of self-holding with a self-holding resistor connected in parallel to the switch is only active as long as the electrical device is still switched on. As soon as the device is switched off from the power supply, no more current flows through the temperature-dependent switch, so that the self-holding function is no longer available. When the electrical device is switched on again, the switch would therefore be in the closed state again, so that the device could heat up again, which could lead to subsequent damage.
  • the spring disk is designed as a circular spring snap disk, to which the movable contact element is attached in the middle.
  • the movable contact element In the low-temperature position of the switch, the movable contact element is pressed by the spring snap disk against the first stationary contact, which is arranged on the inside of a cover of the housing. With its edge, the spring snap disk presses itself against an inner base of a lower part of the housing, which acts as the second contact of the switch. In this way, the spring snap disk, which is itself electrically conductive, creates an electrically conductive connection between the two stationary contacts of the switch.
  • the bimetal snap disc In its low temperature position, the bimetal snap disc rests loosely on the moving contact. If the temperature of the bimetal snap disc increases, it switches to its high temperature position, in which its edge is pressed against the inside of the lower part of the housing and its center presses on the spring snap disc so that it switches from its first to its second stable configuration, whereby the moving contact element is lifted off the stationary contact and the switch is opened.
  • the bimetal snap-action disc jumps back into its low-temperature position. In doing so, its edge comes into contact with the edge of the spring snap-action disc and its center comes into contact with the upper part of the housing. However, the actuating force of the bimetal snap-action disc is not sufficient to make the spring snap-action disc jump back into its first configuration.
  • the one from the DE 10 2007 042 188 B3 A known switch therefore remains open after it has been opened until it has cooled down to a temperature below room temperature, for which purpose a cold spray can be used, for example.
  • the bimetallic snap disk has three functions: 1. snapping into its high-temperature configuration when its switching temperature is reached, 2. snapping back into its low-temperature configuration when the switch-back temperature is reached, and 3. bending even more when cooling further below room temperature.
  • the thermal hysteresis behavior of the bimetal snap disk must be designed over a very wide temperature range. Guaranteeing this while maintaining precise switching behavior is only possible with great effort.
  • a manually resettable thermostat which comprises several individual thermostats which, when stacked on top of one another, have a respective manually resettable calibration temperature and form an integrative assembly.
  • the thermostat can be applied to a thermostat system which requires several different manually resettable calibration temperatures, so that the system saves space and the operation of the thermostat is easy.
  • a temperature responsive switch which comprises two identically sized bimetallic part-spherical thermally responsive actuators arranged in intermeshing contact relationship within an end portion of a housing.
  • the first element changes from a first to a second curvature when its temperature rises above a first predetermined temperature and returns to its first curvature when its temperature falls below a second, lower predetermined temperature.
  • the second element changes from a first to a second curvature when its temperature rises above a third predetermined temperature which is higher than the first temperature and thereafter remains in that curvature.
  • a common force transmitting bolt mounted on the topmost element transmits the movement of both elements to a pair of contacts at the other end of the housing, the contacts being in a first state when both plates have the first curvature and in a second state otherwise.
  • the US 5,898,555 A relates to a motor protector for use in an electrical circuit for supplying power to a motor to be protected, having two separate bimetallic disc actuated switches included in the protector, which are electrically connected in series with each other and with the power source and the motor.
  • One of the two switches may comprise two bimetallic discs, the bimetallic discs having different operating temperatures and reset temperatures to provide a fail-safe feature.
  • the present invention is based on the object of developing the temperature-dependent switch mentioned at the outset in such a way that it can be provided with a self-holding function in a structurally simpler manner which is not susceptible to mechanical vibrations.
  • a switch which has a first and a second stationary contact and at least one temperature-dependent switching mechanism with a movable contact element, wherein the at least one switching mechanism in its first switching position presses the contact element against the first contact and thereby establishes an electrically conductive connection between the two contacts via the contact element and in its second switching position keeps the contact element spaced apart from the first contact, wherein the at least one temperature-dependent switching mechanism has a first temperature-dependent snap part which, when a first switching temperature is exceeded, snaps from its geometric low-temperature configuration into its geometric high-temperature configuration and, when a first switching temperature is subsequently undershot, snaps back from its geometric high-temperature configuration back to its geometric low-temperature configuration, wherein the switch further has a second temperature-dependent snap part which, when a second switching temperature is exceeded, which is equal to or higher than the first switching temperature, snaps from its geometric low-temperature configuration into its geometric high-temperature configuration and, when a second switching temperature is
  • the second snap part is designed to keep the contact member spaced apart from the first contact even when the switch has heated up above the first and second switching temperatures and subsequently cooled down to a temperature between the first and second switch-back temperatures.
  • the first snap part on the movable contact element but is otherwise freely suspended inside the housing in its low-temperature geometric configuration without being supported on the housing or any other part of the switch.
  • the switching process which causes the switch to open and thus the circuit to be interrupted, can therefore be effected by both the first and the second snap-in part in the switch according to the invention.
  • the two snap-in parts can therefore be designed in such a way that they snap from their respective low-temperature configuration to their respective high-temperature configuration when similar switching temperatures are reached.
  • the first switching temperature (switching temperature of the first snap part) and the second switching temperature (switching temperature of the second snap part) can therefore be in a similar temperature range.
  • the switch is therefore always opened when one of the two switching temperatures is reached.
  • the self-holding function in the switch according to the invention is achieved by the additional second snap part.
  • This second snap part keeps the movable contact member at a distance from the first stationary contact even when the switch cools down again below the reset temperature of the first snap part (first reset temperature) after it has been opened and the first snap part thus snaps back into its low-temperature configuration.
  • the first snap part tries to move the movable contact member back towards the first stationary contact of the switch in order to close the switch.
  • the second snap part whose reset temperature (second reset temperature) is lower than the reset temperature of the first snap part, since the latter is then still in its high-temperature configuration in which it keeps the movable contact member at a distance from the first stationary contact against the force of the first snap part.
  • Mechanical shocks can also cause the second snap-in part to snap over if the switch has reached a temperature between the first and second reset temperatures.
  • the switch and thus the circuit will only be closed again when the switch and thus the second snap part has cooled to a temperature below the second reset temperature. Only then does the second snap part snap back into its low temperature position, whereby the movable contact element is pressed against the first stationary contact again and the circuit is closed.
  • the switch according to the invention is therefore a switch with a reversible self-holding function.
  • the self-holding function can be more easily removed in the known switch, namely by cooling the switch to a temperature below the second reset temperature. A mechanical reset of the second snap part, as is the case with the DE 10 2007 063 650 B4 known switch is not necessary.
  • the switch according to the invention is also compared to the DE 10 2007 042 188 B3 known switch.
  • the self-holding function according to the invention is not effected by one and the same (single) snap part that must also cause the switch to open. Instead, with the switch according to the invention, the switch can be opened by the first snap part, whereas the self-holding function is effected by the second (extra) snap part.
  • the switching hysteresis of the second snap-in part in the switch according to the invention must be designed over a similarly large temperature range as the switching hysteresis of the single snap-in part in the DE 10 2007 042 188 B3 known switch.
  • the second snap part of the switch according to the invention does not have to have such a precise switching behavior, since the accuracy of the switching behavior in the switch according to the invention can be ensured via the first snap part.
  • the two snap parts of the switch according to the invention can therefore be designed much more simply and manufactured more cost-effectively than just one Snap-in part which must perform both the switching and the self-holding function in the known switch.
  • the second switching temperature is equal to or higher than the first switching temperature.
  • the two snap parts of the switch according to the invention are designed such that the switching temperature of the second snap part, which is essentially responsible for the self-holding function, is the same or higher than the switching temperature of the first snap part.
  • both snap parts snap from their low-temperature configuration to their respective high-temperature configuration simultaneously or at least more or less simultaneously when the switch is heated. However, it is more or less irrelevant which of the two snap parts snaps first, since in this case the switch is opened as desired anyway.
  • the two snap parts can also be designed in such a way that the switching temperature of the second snap part is higher than the switching temperature of the first snap part.
  • the first snap part is responsible for opening the switch, as it opens as soon as the first switching temperature is reached.
  • the switching temperature of the second snap part i.e. the second switching temperature
  • the second switching temperature then no longer has to be designed so precisely to a value that is necessary for safety reasons.
  • the "overshoot temperature”, in whose range the second switching temperature can be located, is typically the temperature or temperature range to which the switch typically rises after it is switched off. Normally, the temperature still overshoots slightly after the switch is switched off, even if it is already open, because the switch continues to heat up due to the residual heat present.
  • the second switch-back temperature is lower than room temperature, in particular lower than 15°C.
  • the switch can only be closed again by (intentional) external exposure to cold.
  • the second snap-in part in such a way that its reset temperature, i.e. the second reset temperature, is lower than 10°C.
  • the switch can only be reset by placing it in a refrigerator or by applying a cold spray.
  • the at least one switching mechanism has a temperature-independent spring part which is connected to the movable contact member, wherein the first snap part acts on the spring part when the first switching temperature is exceeded and thereby lifts the movable contact member from the first contact.
  • the temperature-dependent switching mechanism can be operated in the conventional manner with a temperature-dependent (first) snap part and a temperature-independent spring part.
  • the second snap part is designed to exert an opening force on the movable contact member in its high-temperature configuration, which keeps the contact member spaced apart from the first contact, and that the first snap part, in its low-temperature configuration, together with the spring part, exerts a closing force on the movable contact member that is opposite to the opening force and is smaller in magnitude than the opening force.
  • the spring part is a bistable spring part with two temperature-independent, stable geometric configurations.
  • Such a bistable design of the spring part has the advantage that the self-holding of the switch is further improved, since accidental snapping of the spring part from one temperature-independent stable configuration to its other temperature-independent stable configuration is prevented.
  • first and/or the second snap part is/are designed as a bi- or tri-metal snap disk.
  • the movable contact member has a first component and a second component connected thereto in a force-fitting, material-fitting or form-fitting manner, wherein the first snap part engages the first component and the second snap part engages the second component.
  • the movable contact member is constructed in two parts.
  • the two individual components of the movable contact member can be arranged one above the other.
  • the first component can serve as the first contact mechanism on which the first snap part is arranged.
  • the second component can serve as the second contact mechanism on which the second snap part is arranged.
  • the two components of the movable contact member can, for example, be welded, soldered or crimped together.
  • the first snap part can be held captive on the first component or first contact mechanism of the movable contact element.
  • the second snap part can be held captive on the second component or second contact mechanism. This has the advantage that the entire switching mechanism, including the first and second snap parts, can be prefabricated and inserted into the switch as a complete pre-assembled unit.
  • the switching mechanism further comprises a spring part, this can also be held captive on the first component or the first contact mechanism of the movable component.
  • the switch has a housing on which the first and the second stationary contact are provided and in which the at least one switching mechanism is arranged.
  • the housing can be an individual housing of the switch or a pocket on the device to be protected from overheating.
  • the housing has a lower part closed by an upper part, wherein the first stationary contact or each of the two stationary contacts is arranged on an inner side of the upper part.
  • This measure is also known in terms of construction per se; in the switch according to the invention, it ensures that when the upper part is mounted on the lower part, the geometrically correct assignment between the first stationary contact or both stationary contacts and the movable contact element is simultaneously established.
  • the first snap part is fixed to the movable contact member, but in its geometric low-temperature configuration is otherwise freely suspended inside the housing without being supported on the housing or any other part of the switch.
  • the second snap part is preferably arranged in the housing of the switch in such a way that it can be supported on a part of the housing in its geometric low-temperature configuration.
  • the first snap part snaps back from its geometric high-temperature configuration to its geometric low-temperature configuration after the switch has been opened and subsequently cooled to a temperature below the first reset temperature, the first snap part cannot support itself on the housing or any other part of the switch and therefore cannot exert a closing force on the movable contact element. If the switch has not yet cooled to a temperature below the second reset temperature at this point, the second snap part is still in its high-temperature configuration in which it holds the switch in its open position.
  • the first snap-in part does not counteract the second snap-in part in this case, despite its already achieved low-temperature configuration. This not only improves the self-holding function, but also extends the service life of the two snap parts, as they do not work against each other unnecessarily.
  • a disc-, plate- or ring-shaped support element is arranged locally between the first and the second snap part, which support element has a hole through which the movable contact member protrudes and on which the second snap part is supported at least in its geometric high-temperature configuration.
  • This support element not only serves to support the second snap part in its geometric high-temperature configuration, in which it holds the switch in its open position and interrupts the circuit.
  • the support element also serves to spatially divide the switch housing so that the two snap parts are separated from each other.
  • the support element therefore also prevents damage to the two snap parts that could otherwise occur if they were in direct contact with each other or interacted directly with each other.
  • first snap part is arranged locally between the upper part and the support element and the second snap part is arranged locally between the support element and the lower part.
  • the first snap part is arranged in the upper housing area and the second snap part in the lower housing area of the switch, with the two housing areas being separated from one another by the support element. Only the movable contact member, on which the two snap parts act, protrudes through the hole in the support element from the upper housing part into the lower housing part.
  • the movable contact member comprises a movable contact part that interacts with the first stationary contact, and that the spring disk interacts with the second stationary contact.
  • the spring part is designed as a bistable spring disk that is electrically connected to the second stationary contact via its edge, at least in its first configuration.
  • the movable contact member comprises a current transmission member that interacts with both stationary contacts.
  • the switch can carry significantly higher currents than the one from the DE 10 2007 042 188 B3 known switches.
  • the movable contact element ensures an electrical short circuit between the two stationary contacts when the switch is closed, so that not only the two snap parts, but also the spring part are no longer flowed through by the load current of the electrical device to be protected.
  • Such a structure is in principle already known from the DE 10 2013 101 392 A1 known.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic, sectional side view of a switch 10 according to an example useful for understanding the invention, which is rotationally symmetrical in plan view and preferably has a circular shape.
  • the switch 10 has a housing 12 in which a temperature-dependent switching mechanism 14 is arranged.
  • the housing 12 comprises a pot-like lower part 16 and an upper part 18, which is held on the lower part 16 by a bent or flanged edge 20.
  • both the lower part 16 and the upper part 18 are made of an electrically conductive material, preferably metal.
  • the upper part 18 rests on a shoulder 24 running around the inside of the lower part 16 with an insulating film 22 in between.
  • the insulating film 22 ensures electrical insulation of the upper part 18 from the lower part 16.
  • the insulating film 22 also provides a mechanical seal that prevents liquids or contaminants from entering the housing interior from the outside.
  • the lower part 16 and the upper part 18 in this example are each made of electrically conductive material, thermal contact can be made to an electrical device to be protected via their outer surfaces.
  • the outer surfaces also serve as the external electrical connection of the switch 10.
  • a further insulation layer 26 may be applied.
  • the switching mechanism 14 has a temperature-independent spring part 28 designed as a spring disk and a temperature-dependent snap part 30 designed as a snap disk.
  • the spring part 28 is preferably designed as a bistable spring disk.
  • the spring disk 28 therefore has two temperature-independent stable geometric configurations. In Fig. 1 their first geometric configuration is shown.
  • the temperature-dependent snap part 30, which is referred to here as the first snap part 30, is designed, for example, as a bistable snap disk.
  • the snap disk 30 has two temperature-dependent configurations, a geometric high-temperature configuration and a geometric low-temperature configuration. In the Fig. 1 In the first switching position of the switching mechanism 14 shown, the first snap disk 30 is in its low-temperature configuration.
  • the spring washer 28 rests with its edge 32 on an inner bottom surface 38 of the lower part 16.
  • the inner bottom surface 34 is essentially concave and at the point where the edge 32 of the spring washer 28 rests in the Fig. 1 shown first switching position, slightly raised compared to the central area of the inner bottom surface 34.
  • the first snap disk 30 lies with its edge 36 in its Fig. 1 shown low temperature configuration on the spring washer 28.
  • the spring disk 28 is fixed with its center 38 to a movable contact element 40 of the switching mechanism 14.
  • the first snap disk 30 is also fixed with its center 42 to this contact element 40.
  • the temperature-dependent switching mechanism 14 is a captive unit consisting of contact element 40, spring disk 28 and first snap disk 30. When assembling the switch 10, the switching mechanism 14 can therefore be inserted as a unit directly into the lower part 16.
  • a second snap part 44 is arranged above the first snap disk 30, in the Fig. 1 in the example shown.
  • This second snap part 44 is, similar to the first snap part 30, preferably designed as a temperature-dependent, bistable snap disk.
  • This second snap disk 44 also preferably has two temperature-independent configurations, a geometric high-temperature configuration and a geometric low-temperature configuration.
  • the second snap disk 44 In the Fig. 1 In the first switching position of the switching mechanism 14 shown, the second snap disk 44 is in its geometric low-temperature configuration.
  • the second snap disk 44 is located in the Fig. 1 example shown preferably on the first snap disk 30.
  • the second snap disk 44 is connected to the first Snap disk 30 is not firmly connected.
  • the second snap disk 44 is also not firmly connected to the movable contact member 40. It is held in its Fig. 1
  • the low-temperature configuration shown is therefore only supported or rests on top of it.
  • the second snap disk 44 significantly influences the switching behavior of the switch 10 just as much as the first snap disk 30, the second snap disk 44 can basically be considered part of the switching mechanism 14. Depending on the definition, however, the second snap disk 44 can also be considered a separate component.
  • the movable contact member 40 On its upper side, the movable contact member 40 has a movable contact part 46.
  • the movable contact part 46 works together with a fixed counter-contact 48, which is arranged on the inside of the upper part 18. This counter-contact 48 is referred to here as the first stationary contact.
  • the second stationary contact 50 serves in the Fig. 1 shown switch 10 the outside of the lower part 16.
  • the switch 10 In the Fig. 1 In the position shown, the switch 10 is in its low temperature position (first switching position), in which the spring disk 28 is in its first configuration and the two snap disks 40, 44 are in their respective low temperature configuration.
  • the spring disk 28 presses the movable contact part 46 against the first stationary contact 48.
  • an electrically conductive connection is established between the first stationary contact 48 and the second stationary contact 50 via the movable contact member 42 and the spring washer 30.
  • the first snap disk 30 rests with its edge 36 on the second snap disk 44, whereby the second snap disk 44 is in turn clamped between the first snap disk 30 and the upper part 18 or the insulating film 22.
  • the first snap disk 30 pulls the movable contact member 40 downwards and lifts the movable contact part 46 from the first stationary contact 48.
  • it simultaneously bends the spring disk 28 downwards at its center 38, so that the spring disk 28 is released from its Fig. 1 shown first stable geometric configuration into its Fig. 2 shown second geometrically stable configuration.
  • the circuit is thus interrupted.
  • the switching process that moves the switch 10 from its Fig. 1 shown closed position in its Fig. 2 open position occurs when the switching temperature of the first snap disk 30 is reached or exceeded. This switching temperature is referred to here as the first switching temperature.
  • the second snap disk 44 is designed such that its switching temperature, at which it snaps from its geometric low-temperature configuration to its geometric high-temperature configuration, is slightly higher than the first switching temperature.
  • the switching temperature of the second snap disk 44 is referred to here as the second switching temperature.
  • Fig. 2 shows the switch 10 in its second switching position, in which the first switching temperature has been reached or exceeded, but the second switching temperature has not yet been reached.
  • the second snap disk 44 is located in the Fig. 2 shown second switching position of the switch 10 is therefore still in its geometric low-temperature configuration, as it is also in Fig. 1 is shown. However, since the second snap disk 44 is not firmly connected to the movable contact member 40, the second snap disk 44 does not exert any force on the movable contact member 40 in this position that counteracts the force exerted by the spring disk 28 and the first snap disk 30 on the movable contact member 40. The switch 10 is therefore always opened when the first switching temperature is reached.
  • the second snap disk 44 also snaps from its Fig. 2 shown, convex low-temperature position into the Fig. 3 It then rests with its edge 52 on the upper part 18 or the insulating film 22 arranged underneath and presses with its center 54 on the first snap disk 30. As a result, the second snap disk 44 also exerts a force on the movable contact member 40, which keeps the movable contact part 46 spaced apart from the first stationary contact 48.
  • the switching temperature of the second snap disk 44 is preferably located at this overswing temperature or in this overswing temperature range and is thus preferably only slightly higher than the first switching temperature of the first snap disk 30.
  • the second snap disk 44 in such a way that it snaps from its geometric low-temperature configuration to its geometric high-temperature configuration at the same time as the first snap disk 30.
  • the second switching temperature would therefore correspond to the first switching temperature.
  • the function of the switch 10 would remain basically the same, since it would also be opened when the first switching temperature is reached.
  • the second switching temperature it would even be possible for the second switching temperature to be lower than the first switching temperature, so that the second snap disk 44, when the switch 10 snaps into its high temperature configuration before the first snap disk and opens the switch.
  • this would require that the force exerted by the second snap disk 44 in its high temperature configuration on the movable contact member 40 is greater than the force exerted together by the first snap disk 30 in its low temperature configuration and the spring disk 28 in its first configuration on the movable contact member 40.
  • the first snap disk 30 is responsible for opening the switch 10, i.e. that the first switching temperature is lower than the second switching temperature or at least equal to the second switching temperature.
  • the switch 10 Since the circuit of the electrical device to be protected is interrupted, the switch 10 now cools down again. As soon as the switch 10 has cooled down to or below the reset temperature of the first snap disk 30 (first reset temperature), it snaps out of its Fig. 3 shown high temperature position to its low temperature position and thereby pulls the spring disk 28 upwards again in the direction of its first configuration. Since the switch-back temperature of the second snap disk 44 (second switch-back temperature) is lower than the first switch-back temperature, the second snap disk 44 remains in its high temperature configuration when the first switch-back temperature is reached. This results in the Fig. 4 shown fourth switching position, in which the movable contact part 46 remains spaced from the first stationary contact 48 and the switch 10 is thus still open.
  • the second snap disk 44 exerts a greater spring force on the movable contact member 40 than the first snap disk 30 and the spring disk 28 together, which actually try to move the movable contact part 46 in the direction of the first stationary contact 48.
  • the second snap disk 44 has a higher spring constant than the first snap disk 30 and the spring disk 28 together.
  • the second snap disk 44 provides the self-holding function, which keeps the switch 10 open even after the temperature falls below the first reset temperature.
  • This self-holding function is only deactivated when the switch 10 cools down to or below the second reset temperature. Only then does the second snap disk 44 snap back from its high-temperature configuration to its low-temperature configuration, so that the switch 10 is closed and the Fig. 1 shown first switching position.
  • the second snap disk 44 is designed such that its second reset temperature is below room temperature. After it has been opened, the switch 10 can therefore only be reset by means of external cold treatment, for example using a cold spray.
  • the switch 10 according to the Fig. 5 The first embodiment shown is basically based on the same functionality as the switch 10 according to the Fig. 1-4 shown example.
  • This switch 10 also has, in addition to a spring part 28 designed as a temperature-independent spring disk, a first snap part 30 designed as a temperature-dependent snap disk and a second snap part 44 also designed as a temperature-dependent snap disk.
  • the second snap disk 44 effects the self-holding function of the switch 10, which is brought about in particular by the fact that the (second) switch-back temperature of the second snap disk 44 is lower than the (first) switch-back temperature of the first snap disk 30.
  • the design of the 14' rear derailleur is Fig. 5
  • the first embodiment of the switch 10 shown in FIG. 1 is somewhat different from that shown in FIG. Fig. 1-4 example shown.
  • the movable contact part 46' of the movable contact member 40' has a slightly different shape here.
  • the movable contact member 40' has a ring 56 that surrounds the contact member 40'. This ring 56 is preferably pressed onto the movable contact part 46'.
  • the ring 56 has a circumferential shoulder 58 on which the first snap disk 30 rests with its center 42.
  • the edge 36 of the first snap disk 30 rests according to this embodiment in the Fig. 5
  • the edge 36 of the first snap disk 30 is freely suspended in the low temperature configuration. In the low temperature configuration shown in Fig. 5 In the closed state of the switch 10 shown, the first snap disk 30 thus exerts no force on the movable contact member 40'.
  • the contact pressure between the movable contact part 46' of the movable contact member 40' and the first stationary contact 48 is at least partially caused by the spring washer 28 when the switch 10 is closed.
  • the spring washer 28 is clamped with its center 38 between the ring 56 and the widened upper section of the contact member 40'.
  • This spacer element 60 is preferably designed as a spacer ring that is inserted into the lower part 16 of the housing 12.
  • a circumferential shoulder 62 is provided on this spacer element 60, which serves as a support for the edge 32 of the spring washer 28.
  • the spacer element 60 is clamped between two further spacer rings 64, 66.
  • the spacer ring 64 is arranged above the edge 32 of the spring washer 28 and clamped between the spacer ring 60 and the upper part 18 with the insulating film 22 in between.
  • the spacer ring 66 is arranged below the spacer ring 60 and clamped between it and the lower part 16 of the housing 12.
  • the movable contact member 40' has in the Fig. 5
  • the movable contact member 40' has two separate components in addition to the ring 56, a first component 68, which carries or forms the movable contact part 46', and a second component 70.
  • the second component 70 is arranged on an underside of the first component 68 facing away from the first stationary contact 48.
  • the two components 68, 70 of the movable contact member 40' are preferably connected to one another in a force-fitting, material-fitting or form-fitting manner.
  • these two components 68, 70 can be welded, soldered or crimped together. In principle, however, it would also be possible to form the two components 68, 70 of the movable contact member 40' in one piece or integrally connected to one another.
  • the second snap disk 44 engages the second component 70 of the movable contact member 40'. It rests with its center 54 on a circumferential shoulder 72 formed on the second component 70 and is attached or fixed at this point to the movable contact member 40'.
  • the edge 52 of the second snap disk 44 is in the Fig. 5 shown closed position of the switch 10, in which the second snap disk 30 is in its low-temperature configuration, on the inner bottom surface 34 of the base 16.
  • the second snap disk 44 thus provides, in addition to the spring disk 28, the contact pressure between the movable contact part 46' and the first stationary contact 48.
  • a disc-, plate- or ring-shaped support element 74 is arranged in the housing 12, more precisely in the lower part 16. This support element 74 projects laterally from the outside into the interior of the housing 12. At its edge 76 it is clamped between the spacer ring 66 and the spacer ring 60. In its center, the support element 74 has a hole 78 through which the movable contact member 40' projects.
  • the support element 74 divides the interior of the housing 12 into two areas, an upper area in which the spring disk 28 and the first snap disk 30 are arranged, and a lower area in which the second snap disk 44 is arranged.
  • the spring disk 28 and the first snap disk 30 are arranged locally between the upper part 18 and the support element 74, whereas the second snap disk 44 is arranged locally between the support element 74 and the lower part 16.
  • the general functioning of the Fig. 5-8 The first embodiment of the switch 10 shown is basically similar to the operation of the switch according to the Fig. 1-4 example shown.
  • the first snap disk 30 essentially serves to open the switch 10, i.e. to move it from its first closed switching position to its second open switching position.
  • the second snap disk 44 essentially provides the self-holding function, which keeps the switch 10 open even when the first snap disk 30 snaps back from its high-temperature configuration to its low-temperature configuration after the switch 10 has been opened. Therefore, in this embodiment of the switch 10, it is also provided that the (second) switching temperature of the second snap disk 44 is the same as or higher than the (first) switching temperature of the first snap disk 30. Likewise, it is also provided here that the (second) switch-back temperature of the second snap disk 44 is lower than the (first) switch-back temperature of the first snap disk 30.
  • the first snap disk 30 snaps out of its Fig. 5 shown low-temperature configuration into its Fig. 6
  • the first snap disk 30 rests with its edge 36 on the underside of the spring disk 28 and thereby brings the spring disk 30 out of its Fig. 5 shown, first geometric configuration into its Fig. 6 shown second geometric configuration.
  • the spring disk 28 and the first snap disk 30 exert a spring force on the movable contact member 40' that is greater than the spring force exerted by the second snap disk 44 on the movable contact member 40', which acts in the opposite direction. If the second switching temperature is higher than the first switching temperature and the second switching temperature has not yet been reached, the second snap disk remains, as in Fig. 6 shown, still in its low temperature configuration, in which it pushes the movable contact member 40' towards the first stationary contact 48. The movable contact part 46' is due to the However, the force ratios given are still lifted off the first stationary contact 48 when the first switching temperature is reached (see Fig. 6 ).
  • the spring disk 28 and the first snap disk 30 do not necessarily have to be designed in such a way that the spring force exerted together on the movable contact member 40' is greater than the spring force exerted by the second snap disk 44 on the movable contact member 40'. If this is not the case, the (second) switching temperature of the second snap disk 44 must be the same or even lower than the (first) switching temperature of the first snap disk 30. In this case, when the first switching temperature is reached, the Fig. 6 shown switching position of switch 10, but directly to the position shown in Fig. 7 shown switching position of the switch 10, in which both snap disks 30, 44 are in their high-temperature configuration.
  • the switch 10 would initially switch to the position shown in Fig. 6 shown switching position and only when the second switching temperature is reached will it be moved to the position shown in Fig. 7 shown switching position.
  • the switch 10 is opened as soon as the first switching temperature is reached and the circuit is interrupted.
  • the second snap disk 44 In the Fig. 7 In the switching position of the switch 10 shown, the second snap disk 44 is in its high-temperature configuration. It rests with its edge 52 on the support element 74 and presses the movable contact member 40' downwards with its center 54.
  • the switch 10 then cools down again, the first snap disk 30 snaps out of its position when the first reset temperature is reached.
  • Fig. 7 shown high-temperature configuration back to its Fig. 8 low-temperature configuration shown
  • the edge 36 of the first snap disk 30 in its low-temperature configuration cannot be supported on a part of the switch, but is freely suspended in the housing 12, the first snap disk 30 does not exert any force on the movable contact member 40' in order to move the movable contact part 46' in the direction of the first stationary contact 48.
  • Fig. 8 shown high temperature configuration, this, together with the spring washer 28, which remains in its second geometric configuration, presses the movable contact member 40' downwards so that the movable contact part 46' remains spaced from the first stationary contact 48.
  • Fig. 9 shows a second embodiment of the switch 10 according to the invention in its closed position (first switching position). Since the interaction of the spring disk 28, the first snap disk 30 and the second snap disk 44 is based on a substantially identical or at least very similar functional principle as that described in Fig. 5-8 shown first embodiment, the further switching positions of the switch 10 according to this second embodiment are not shown again here.
  • the switch 10 according to the Fig. 9 differs from that in Fig. 1-4 example shown and the one in Fig. 5-8 shown first embodiment essentially by the structure of the housing 12".
  • the lower part 16" is again made of electrically conductive material.
  • the flat upper part 18 is made of electrically insulating material. It is held to the lower part 16" by a bent edge 80.
  • a spacer ring 64" is also provided between the upper part 18" and the lower part 16", which keeps the upper part 18" spaced apart from the lower part 16".
  • the upper part 18" On its inside, the upper part 18" has a first stationary contact 48" and a second stationary contact 50".
  • the stationary contacts 48" and 50" are riveted which extend through the upper part 18" and end externally in the heads 82, 84, which serve for the external connection of the switch 10.
  • the switching mechanism 14" is also designed differently than before.
  • the movable contact member 40" comprises a current transmission member 86, which is Fig. 9
  • the embodiment shown is a contact plate whose upper side is coated with an electrically conductive material, so that it Fig. 9
  • the system shown at contacts 48" and 50" ensures an electrically conductive connection between the two contacts 48" and 50".
  • the current transmission element 86 is connected to the spring disk 28 and the first snap disk 30 via a rivet 88, which is also to be regarded as part of the contact element 40".
  • a second component 70" is arranged on the underside of this rivet 88, which has a circumferential shoulder 72" on which the second snap disk 44 rests with its center 54.
  • the switch structure shown can be seen in the fact that, in contrast to the Fig. 1-4 example shown and the one in Fig. 5-8 In the first embodiment of the switch 10 shown, no current flows through the spring disk 28 or through the two snap disks 30, 44 when the switch 10 is closed. This current flows only from the first external connection 82 via the first stationary contact 48", the current transmission element 86 and the second stationary contact 50" to the second external connection 84.
  • the other structure of the switching mechanism 14 in particular the arrangement of the spring disk 28 and the two snap disks 30, 44, does not necessarily have to correspond to the arrangement shown in Fig. 9
  • the arrangement of the spring disk 28 and the two snap disks 30, 44 does not necessarily have to be the same or similar to the arrangement as shown in Fig. 5-8 shown, first embodiment, but can basically also correspond to the arrangement as it is according to the in Fig. 1-4 example shown.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Thermally Actuated Switches (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Commutateur (10) dépendant de la température qui présente un premier et un second contact (48, 50) fixe ainsi qu'au moins un mécanisme de commutation (14) dépendant de la température comportant un organe de contact (40) mobile,
    dans lequel le commutateur (10) présente en outre un boîtier (12) sur lequel sont prévus le premier et le second contact (48, 50) fixe et dans lequel est disposé l'au moins un mécanisme de commutation (14),
    dans lequel l'au moins un mécanisme de commutation (14) presse, dans sa première position de commutation, l'organe de contact (40) contre le premier contact (48) et établit ainsi, par l'intermédiaire de l'organe de contact (40), une liaison électriquement conductrice entre les deux contacts (48, 50) et, dans sa seconde position de commutation, maintient l'organe de contact (40) à distance du premier contact (48),
    dans lequel l'au moins un mécanisme de commutation (14) dépendant de la température présente une première partie encliquetable (30) dépendant de la température qui, en cas de dépassement d'une première température de commutation, s'encliquette depuis sa configuration géométrique à basse température dans sa configuration géométrique à haute température et qui, en cas de non-atteinte ultérieure d'une première température de réarmement, s'encliquette à nouveau depuis sa configuration géométrique à haute température dans sa configuration géométrique à basse température,
    dans lequel le commutateur (10) présente en outre une seconde partie encliquetable (44) dépendant de la température qui, en cas de dépassement d'une seconde température de commutation qui est égale ou supérieure à la première température de commutation, s'encliquette depuis sa configuration géométrique à basse température dans sa configuration géométrique à haute température et qui, en cas de non-atteinte ultérieure d'une seconde température de réarmement qui est inférieure à la première température de réarmement, s'encliquette à nouveau depuis sa configuration géométrique à haute température dans sa configuration géométrique à basse température,
    dans lequel un encliquetage de la première partie encliquetable (30) depuis sa configuration géométrique à basse température dans sa configuration géométrique à haute température et/ou un encliquetage de la seconde partie encliquetable (44) depuis sa configuration géométrique à basse température dans sa configuration géométrique à haute température amènent l'au moins un mécanisme de commutation (14) de sa première position de commutation à sa seconde position de commutation,
    dans lequel la seconde partie encliquetable (44) est conçue pour maintenir l'organe de contact (40) à distance du premier contact (48) même lorsque le commutateur (10) s'est échauffé au-dessus de la première et de la seconde température de commutation et s'est ultérieurement refroidi à une température comprise entre la première et la seconde température de réarmement, et
    dans lequel la première partie encliquetable (30) est fixée à l'organe de contact (40) mobile, mais est par ailleurs librement suspendue à l'intérieur du boîtier (12) dans sa configuration géométrique à basse température, sans s'appuyer sur le boîtier (12) ou sur une autre partie du commutateur (10).
  2. Commutateur selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la seconde température de réarmement est inférieure à la température ambiante, en particulier inférieure à 15 °C.
  3. Commutateur selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel l'au moins un mécanisme de commutation (14) présente une partie élastique (28) indépendante de la température qui est reliée à l'organe de contact (40) mobile, dans lequel la première partie encliquetable (30) agit sur la partie élastique (28) lors du dépassement de la première température de commutation et soulève ainsi l'organe de contact (40) mobile du premier contact (48).
  4. Commutateur selon la revendication 3, dans lequel la partie élastique (28) est une partie élastique bistable comportant deux configurations géométriques stables indépendantes de la température.
  5. Commutateur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel la première et/ou la seconde partie encliquetable (30, 44) sont un disque encliquetable bimétallique ou trimétallique.
  6. Commutateur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, dans lequel l'organe de contact (40) mobile présente un premier composant (68) et un second composant (70) relié à celui-ci à force, par liaison de matière ou par complémentarité de forme, dans lequel la première partie encliquetable (30) est en prise avec le premier composant (68) et la seconde partie encliquetable (44) est en prise avec le second composant (70).
  7. Commutateur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, dans lequel le boîtier (12) présente une partie inférieure (16) fermée par une partie supérieure (18), dans lequel le premier contact (48) fixe ou chacun des deux contacts (48, 50) fixes est disposé sur une face intérieure de la partie supérieure (18).
  8. Commutateur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, dans lequel un élément d'appui (74) en forme de disque, de plaque ou d'anneau est disposé localement entre la première et la seconde partie encliquetable (30, 44) et présente un trou (78) à travers lequel fait saillie l'organe de contact (40) mobile, dans lequel la seconde partie encliquetable (44) s'appuie sur l'élément d'appui (74) au moins dans sa configuration géométrique à haute température.
  9. Commutateur selon la revendication 3 ou 4, dans lequel l'élément de contact (40) mobile comprend une partie de contact (46) mobile coopérant avec le premier contact (48), et dans lequel la partie élastique (28) coopère avec le second contact (50).
  10. Commutateur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, dans lequel l'organe de contact (40) mobile comprend un organe de transmission de courant (86) coopérant avec les deux contacts (48", 50").
  11. Commutateur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, dans lequel la première température de commutation est supérieure à la première température de réarmement et à la seconde température de réarmement, et dans lequel la seconde température de commutation est supérieure à la première température de réarmement et à la seconde température de réarmement.
EP23194600.5A 2019-09-20 2020-09-16 Commutateur dépendant de la température Active EP4258315B1 (fr)

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DE102019125453.1A DE102019125453B4 (de) 2019-09-20 2019-09-20 Temperaturabhängiger Schalter
EP20196506.8A EP3796359B1 (fr) 2019-09-20 2020-09-16 Commutateur dépendant de la température

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EP20196506.8A Division-Into EP3796359B1 (fr) 2019-09-20 2020-09-16 Commutateur dépendant de la température

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DE102019125453B4 (de) * 2019-09-20 2025-04-30 Marcel P. HOFSAESS Temperaturabhängiger Schalter
DE102022118402B3 (de) 2022-07-22 2023-08-24 Marcel P. HOFSAESS Temperaturabhängiges Schaltwerk, temperaturabhängiger Schalter und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines temperaturabhängigen Schaltwerks
DE102022118405B3 (de) 2022-07-22 2023-08-24 Marcel P. HOFSAESS Temperaturabhängiges Schaltwerk und temperaturabhängiger Schalter mit einem solchen Schaltwerk
DE102022120446B3 (de) 2022-08-12 2023-11-30 Marcel P. HOFSAESS Temperaturabhängiger Schalter
DE102022120445B3 (de) * 2022-08-12 2023-11-30 Marcel P. HOFSAESS Temperaturabhängiger Schalter
DE102023104836B3 (de) * 2023-02-28 2024-05-16 Marcel P. HOFSAESS Temperaturabhängiges Schaltwerk und temperaturabhängiger Schalter
DE102023104807B3 (de) 2023-02-28 2024-05-16 Marcel P. HOFSAESS Temperaturabhängiger Schalter
DE102023104830B3 (de) * 2023-02-28 2024-05-16 Marcel P. HOFSAESS Temperaturabhängiger Schalter

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ES3018951T3 (en) 2025-05-19
DK4258315T3 (da) 2025-04-14
EP3796359B1 (fr) 2025-05-21
ES3037977T3 (en) 2025-10-08
DE102019125453B4 (de) 2025-04-30
US20210090835A1 (en) 2021-03-25
US11476066B2 (en) 2022-10-18
EP4258315A2 (fr) 2023-10-11
EP3796359A1 (fr) 2021-03-24
DK3796359T3 (en) 2025-08-25
EP4258315A3 (fr) 2024-01-17
DE102019125453A1 (de) 2021-03-25

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