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EP4240595B1 - Verfahren zur herstellung eines sicherheitsdokuments - Google Patents

Verfahren zur herstellung eines sicherheitsdokuments Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4240595B1
EP4240595B1 EP21811418.9A EP21811418A EP4240595B1 EP 4240595 B1 EP4240595 B1 EP 4240595B1 EP 21811418 A EP21811418 A EP 21811418A EP 4240595 B1 EP4240595 B1 EP 4240595B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
substrate
microstructures
layer
face
protective film
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP21811418.9A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP4240595C0 (de
EP4240595A1 (de
Inventor
Khalil CHIKHA
Michel Barats
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Banque de France
Original Assignee
Banque de France
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Banque de France filed Critical Banque de France
Publication of EP4240595A1 publication Critical patent/EP4240595A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4240595B1 publication Critical patent/EP4240595B1/de
Publication of EP4240595C0 publication Critical patent/EP4240595C0/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/324—Reliefs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/328—Diffraction gratings; Holograms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
    • B42D25/378—Special inks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/40—Manufacture
    • B42D25/405—Marking
    • B42D25/425—Marking by deformation, e.g. embossing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/40—Manufacture
    • B42D25/45—Associating two or more layers
    • B42D25/455—Associating two or more layers using heat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/40—Manufacture
    • B42D25/45—Associating two or more layers
    • B42D25/465—Associating two or more layers using chemicals or adhesives
    • B42D25/47—Associating two or more layers using chemicals or adhesives using adhesives

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of manufacturing a security document, such as a banknote, and to a security document obtained by this method.
  • DOEDs Diffractive Optically Variable Image Devices
  • security features that include diffractive optical structures that provide the security feature with an appearance that changes in a reversible, predictable, and reproducible manner depending on the viewing or lighting conditions of the security feature.
  • the optical effect produced by the security feature allows the observer to ensure quickly and easily that the security document is authentic.
  • DOVIDs include security holograms, which are the most widely used.
  • These security features are typically manufactured as a separate element, such as a strip, film, patch and/or thread.
  • the separate element is then attached or fixed to the security document substrate during the manufacture of the security document, for example by a heat transfer process, such as hot stamping.
  • the security sign in the form of a separate element is usually made up of a superposition of several layers.
  • the layers typically include an adhesive layer for fixing the element to the substrate, a metal layer for reflecting light, an embossed transparent layer with diffractive nanostructures or microstructures, a protective layer, a separation layer and a support layer.
  • the support layer can be removed, thanks to the presence of the separation layer.
  • the light radiation propagates successively in the protective layer, then in the embossed transparent layer, then it is reflected by the underlying metal layer.
  • the reflected light radiation propagates in the opposite direction in the embossed transparent layer then in the protective layer towards the eye of the observer.
  • the nanostructures or microstructures of the embossed layer have the effect of diffracting light radiation, creating an optical effect that varies depending on the observation angle and/or the illumination angle.
  • a disadvantage of these security signs is that they generally have limited adhesion strength to the substrate.
  • physicochemical tests have shown that the tape, film, patch or wire incorporating the security sign can be peeled off after being brought into contact with hot water. The tape, film, patch or wire can then be reattached to another substrate.
  • security features in the form of separate elements must be capable of being deposited by means of an automatic machine enabling continuous deposition on a moving substrate web.
  • security features such as DOVIDs are generally deposited parallel to the direction of travel of the substrate web.
  • these Security signs necessarily have geometric shapes and spatial arrangements on the substrate that are limited.
  • high durability banknotes comprising a substrate, a first protective film covering a first face of the substrate and a second protective film covering a second face of the substrate.
  • the document FR 2 991 627 describes for example a method of manufacturing a security document comprising a paper substrate, a first protective film of polymer material extending on a first face of the substrate, and a second protective film of polymer material extending on a second face of the substrate.
  • the method may comprise a step of printing the substrate with graphic patterns and then a laminating step consisting of applying the protective films to the faces of the substrate.
  • Protective films allow both to reinforce the mechanical resistance of the banknote and to protect the faces of the substrate that are printed from abrasion and dirt. These protective films thus allow to increase the life of the banknote, in particular in difficult circulation conditions (high humidity, high temperature, abrasion, dirt).
  • the security sign would be arranged between the substrate and the protective film, in order to prevent the security sign from being easily peeled off. Furthermore, in this way, the security sign would also be protected from abrasion and soiling by the protective film, as well as from folding, tearing and mechanical stresses during the circulation of the security document.
  • GB 2 566 975 A describes the preamble of claim 1.
  • An aim of the invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a security document provided with a security sign including diffractive optical structures, which cannot be easily peeled off and which is resistant to abrasion and dirt, as well as to folding, tearing and mechanical stresses during circulation of the security document.
  • the pressing performed in step a allows both to form the microstructures and to reduce the roughness of the substrate, which allows to obtain in step b a good quality step index layer (i.e. a smooth, thin and uniform step index layer).
  • microstructures are formed directly in the substrate.
  • the microstructures and the step-index layer are protected by the protective film made of polymer material, so as to preserve the safety sign from abrasion and dirt.
  • the safety sign is also protected from mechanical stress, giving it better durability in traffic, and more particularly in harsh environments.
  • step b is performed after step a, pressing is not likely to damage the step-index layer, and the step-index layer is not likely to contaminate the matrix used to form the microstructures.
  • the invention also relates to a security document obtained by a method as defined above.
  • the security document can be a banknote.
  • the banknote 1 shown comprises a substrate 2, a first protective film 3 and a second protective film 4.
  • the substrate 2 may consist of one or more layers of materials.
  • the materials of the different layers may be the same or different.
  • Substrate 2 may be a “standard” (or “single-material”) substrate or a composite (or “multi-material”) substrate.
  • the "paper substrate” is a single-ply or multi-ply substrate, comprising only paper as its main raw material.
  • the paper may be added with various components known to those skilled in the art to improve its physical, optical and/or mechanical properties. These components are added at the stage of preparing the paper pulp or by coating techniques once the sheet of paper has been formed.
  • Standard substrates also include "polymer substrate", which is a single-layer or multi-layer substrate, comprising only polymer as its main raw material.
  • the polymer may be adjuvanted with various components to improve its physical, optical and/or mechanical properties. These components are added in bulk or after formation of the polymer sheet, as a transparent, semi-transparent or opaque adhesion primer.
  • composite substrates are multi-layer, multi-material substrates. These substrates typically include one or more layers of paper and one or more layers of polymer.
  • the substrate 2 comprises a single layer of paper 11.
  • the layer of paper 11 has a first face 5 and a second face 6, opposite the first face 5.
  • the first face 5 is surface-impregnated with a first impregnation composition 12.
  • the second face 6 is surface-impregnated with a second impregnation composition 13.
  • the first impregnation composition 12 and the second impregnation composition 13 comprise a polymer, such as for example an acrylic or acrylate polymer or a polyurethane or a polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) or a polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), making it possible to improve the surface cohesion of the paper layer 11.
  • PVH polyvinyl alcohol
  • PVDC polyvinylidene chloride
  • the substrate 2 may be mass impregnated with an impregnation composition: that is to say, the impregnation composition penetrates into the entire volume of the substrate 2, and not only on the surface.
  • the paper layer 11 may comprise plant fibers, such as cellulose fibers or annual plant fibers, such as cotton fibers, to which synthetic fibers may be added, such as for example polyamide, polyester, (PVA), (PE) or (PP) fibers or even multi-component fibers (formed by an assembly of several of these distinct components).
  • plant fibers such as cellulose fibers or annual plant fibers, such as cotton fibers, to which synthetic fibers may be added, such as for example polyamide, polyester, (PVA), (PE) or (PP) fibers or even multi-component fibers (formed by an assembly of several of these distinct components).
  • the paper layer 11 preferably has a weight of between 50 and 90 grams per square meter.
  • Paper layer 11 can be single-ply or multi-ply.
  • the paper layer 11 may further comprise one or more additive(s) intended to improve the physical, optical and/or mechanical properties of the paper. These additives may be added in bulk to the paper pulp before the formation of the paper layer, or be applied to the faces of the paper layer, after the formation of the paper layer.
  • the paper layer 11 may comprise a wet strength additive, fillers, a bulk sizing agent and/or pigments.
  • the substrate 2 may be obtained by superimposing several layers formed in different materials.
  • the substrate 2 comprises for example one or more polymer layer(s) associated with one or more paper layer(s).
  • the substrate 2 can be printed with a plurality of graphic patterns. Each graphic pattern corresponds to a banknote.
  • the banknote 1 may include security features fixed on or integrated into the substrate 2 such as a security thread, a watermark, a fluorescent ink, an iridescent ink, an optically variable ink, etc.
  • the first protective film 3 covers the entire first face 5 of the paper layer 11.
  • the second protective film 4 covers the entire second face 6 of the paper layer 11.
  • the protective films 3 and 4 protect the graphic patterns and the security features from abrasion and dirt.
  • the protective films 3 and 4 also enhance the mechanical strength of the banknote 1.
  • the polymer material layer 14 is for example made of polypropylene.
  • the polymer material layer 14 has a thickness of between 1 and 100 ⁇ m, preferably between 5 and 50 ⁇ m, preferably between 5 and 30 ⁇ m.
  • the adhesive layer 15 may comprise a hot melt adhesive, such as an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, or a crosslinkable adhesive, for example an adhesive containing an agent crosslinking by reaction with ambient air, such as a crosslinkable polyurethane, or a photocrosslinkable adhesive, the crosslinking of which is caused by exposure to UV radiation, or a water-based adhesive or a non-aqueous solvent-based adhesive.
  • a hot melt adhesive such as an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer
  • a crosslinkable adhesive for example an adhesive containing an agent crosslinking by reaction with ambient air, such as a crosslinkable polyurethane, or a photocrosslinkable adhesive, the crosslinking of which is caused by exposure to UV radiation, or a water-based adhesive or a non-aqueous solvent-based adhesive.
  • the banknote 1 illustrated on the figure 1 further comprises an optically variable security sign 7.
  • the security sign 7 comprises diffractive microstructures allowing the security sign 7 to change appearance to the observer depending on the tilt or orientation of the security document 1 relative to the observer's eye and/or relative to a light source.
  • substrate 2 is identical to the substrate of the figure 1 .
  • the first protective film 3 covers only part of the first face 5 of the paper layer 11.
  • the banknote does not include a second protective film 4 covering the second face 6 of the paper layer 11.
  • the protective film 3 protects the optically variable safety sign 7 from abrasion and dirt.
  • the protective film 3 comprises a layer of polymer material 14 and a layer of adhesive 15 making it possible to secure the protective film to the substrate 2.
  • the Figures 3 and 4 schematically represent two examples of microstructures 21 forming part of the security sign 7.
  • the microstructures 21 are patterns formed by protruding and/or recessed reliefs having been obtained by deformation of the surface of the substrate 2. More precisely, the microstructures 21 have alternating protrusions and recesses.
  • the microstructures 21 are binary microstructures, that is to say that the relief patterns have only two levels of depth, namely: a lower level and an upper level.
  • the relief patterns have a crenellated profile.
  • the microstructures 21 have facets 22 which are oriented parallel to a face of the substrate 2.
  • the microstructures 21 are multilevel microstructures, that is to say that the relief patterns comprise a number of depth levels greater than 2. More precisely, in the example illustrated in the figure 4 , the relief patterns have a plurality of levels.
  • the relief patterns have a sawtooth profile.
  • the microstructures 21 have inclined facets 23 which are oriented to form a non-zero and non-right angle ⁇ with a face of the substrate 2.
  • Each relief pattern has a depth h of between 1 micrometer and 100 micrometers, preferably between 5 and 50 micrometers, for example between 10 and 35 micrometers.
  • the relief patterns are periodic and have a spatial period (or pitch) A of between 1 and 500 micrometers, preferably between 20 and 150 micrometers.
  • microstructures 21 are coated with a 16-step index layer.
  • the step index layer 16 may comprise an ink formed from a binder and reflective particles dispersed in the binder.
  • reflective particles can be metallic particles, such as silver or aluminum particles for example.
  • the 16-step index layer may also include colored pigments.
  • the colored pigments may be dispersed in the binder.
  • the microstructures 21 may be coated with an additional layer comprising colored pigments.
  • the additional layer covers the step-index layer 16.
  • the step-index layer 16 has a thickness less than the dimensions of the relief patterns. More specifically, the step-index layer 16 has a thickness less than the depth h of the microstructures 21, for example less than 0.25 times the depth of the microstructures. In addition, the thickness of the step-index layer 16 is less than the spatial period A of the microstructures 21.
  • the ink can be deposited in an amount of between 0.1 and 5 grams per square meter, for example approximately 2.5 grams per square meter, or approximately 2.5 micrometers of ink thickness.
  • the relief patterns are embedded in the adhesive layer 15, that is to say that the adhesive layer 15 completely fills the recesses and matches the projections of the reliefs.
  • the adhesive layer 15 preferably has a thickness greater than the depth h of the microstructures 21.
  • the thickness of the adhesive layer 15 may be equal to approximately 15 ⁇ m.
  • the paper layer 11 has a first refractive index n1
  • the coating layer 12 has a second refractive index n2
  • the step-index layer 16 has a third refractive index n3
  • the protective film 14 and the adhesive layer 15 have a fourth refractive index n4, such that: n1 ⁇ n2 ⁇ n4 > n3
  • Metallic particles such as gold, silver, copper, and aluminum, typically have a refractive index less than 1.2 (for example, aluminum particles have a refractive index of 0.93 at a wavelength of 532 nanometers).
  • the paper layer 11 has a first refractive index n1
  • the coating layer 12 has a second refractive index n2
  • the step-index layer 16 has a third refractive index n3
  • the protective film 14 and the adhesive layer 15 have a fourth refractive index n4, such that: n1 ⁇ n2 ⁇ n4 ⁇ n3
  • the incident radiation R1 emitted by the light source propagates successively through the protective film 14 and through the adhesive layer 15, then it is returned by the step-index layer 16 which covers the microstructures
  • the reflected radiation R2 propagates successively through the adhesive layer 15 and the protective film 14.
  • each pattern reflects light symmetrically about an axis orthogonal to the face of substrate 2.
  • each pattern reflects light asymmetrically with respect to an axis orthogonal to the face of the substrate 2.
  • the microstructures form a diffraction grating.
  • the rays are returned in several directions by the different patterns in relief so that the reflected rays create interferences between them which give the security sign a different appearance depending on the angle or orientation from which it is observed.
  • FIG. 5 schematically represents a first security sign 7 in accordance with a first embodiment of the invention.
  • the security sign 7 has several zones.
  • the substrate has microstructures.
  • the microstructures of a first zone extend in a first longitudinal direction and the microstructures of a second zone extend in a second longitudinal direction different from the first longitudinal direction.
  • the microstructures extend in longitudinal directions that differ from one zone to another.
  • microstructures are multilevel microstructures.
  • the microstructures are the binary microstructures.
  • the first, central-most area of the security sign 7 has microstructures having a longitudinal direction oriented with a first angle ⁇ 1 (e.g. 30°) relative to a reference direction.
  • the second zone which immediately surrounds the first zone has microstructures having a longitudinal direction oriented with a second angle ⁇ 2 (e.g. 20°) relative to the reference direction.
  • the third zone which immediately surrounds the first zone has microstructures having a longitudinal direction oriented with a third angle ⁇ 3 (e.g. 10°) relative to the reference direction.
  • the n-th zone immediately surrounding the n-1th zone has microstructures having a longitudinal direction oriented with an n-th angle ⁇ n relative to the reference direction, less than the angle ⁇ n-1.
  • microstructures Due to their orientations in different directions, the microstructures present preferred diffraction angles in different directions.
  • the different areas appear to have different levels of gloss, ranging from the most gloss to the least gloss when traversing the successive areas from the centre of the security feature towards the periphery of the security feature.
  • FIG. 6 schematically represents a second security sign 7 in accordance with a second embodiment of the invention.
  • the security sign 7 has several zones. In each zone, the substrate has microstructures.
  • the first zone Z1 of the security sign 7 has first microstructures having facets having a first inclination angle ⁇ 1 relative to a direction orthogonal to the faces of the substrate.
  • the second zone Z2 of the security sign 7 has second microstructures having facets oriented symmetrically with respect to the facets of the first microstructures.
  • the first zone and the second zone appear to have different brightness levels, to an observer examining the security feature.
  • the banknote in a first direction (arrow III) around an axis parallel to the faces of the substrate (e.g. a longitudinal axis X of the banknote), the first area appears brighter than the second area for the stationary observer, while by tilting the banknote in a second direction (arrow IV), opposite to the first direction, the second area appears brighter than the first area.
  • FIG. 7 schematically represents a third security sign in accordance with a third embodiment of the invention.
  • the security sign 7 comprises microstructures 21 of circular shape.
  • the microstructures 21 are arranged around each other in a concentric manner.
  • microstructures are oriented with angles that vary monotonically away from the center of the security sign.
  • microstructures 21 are spaced with a period, measured in a radial direction, which varies monotonically away from the center of the security sign. In this case, the period decreases as one moves away from the center of the security sign.
  • FIG. 7A schematically shows the microstructures 21 of the safety sign 7 of the figure 7 .
  • FIG. 7B shows the profile of the microstructures closest to the centre of the safety feature 7, i.e. the microstructures extending in a ring with the smallest diameter.
  • FIG. 7C shows the profile of the microstructures furthest from the centre of the safety feature 7, i.e. the microstructures extending in a ring with the largest diameter.
  • the inclination of the reliefs forming the microstructures increases at the same time as the diameter of the rings formed by the microstructures.
  • the security sign appears brighter in an area extending along a diameter of the security sign.
  • the brightest area moves by rotating around the center in a first direction of rotation, for the stationary observer.
  • the brightest area moves by rotating around the center in a second direction of rotation, opposite to the first direction of rotation, for the stationary observer.
  • the variation of the period provides an optical relief effect, i.e. the security sign is perceived by the observer as being three-dimensional. If the period is constant, the described effect remains the same, however the security sign is not perceived by the observer as being three-dimensional.
  • FIG. 7D illustrates a variation of the safety sign of Figures 7A to 7C , in which the microstructures are binary microstructures.
  • FIGS. 8A And 8B schematically represent a fourth security sign in accordance with a fourth embodiment of the invention.
  • the security sign 7 has several zones. In each zone, the substrate has microstructures.
  • the first zone Z1 of the security sign 7 has first microstructures having facets whose inclination angles vary increasingly from a central axis (X axis) away from the central axis.
  • the early microstructures exhibit a period that varies monotonically away from the central axis. More precisely, the period of the early microstructures decreases with distance from the central axis.
  • the second zone Z2 of the security sign 7 has second microstructures having facets whose inclination angles vary in a decreasing manner from the central axis X away from the central axis.
  • the second microstructures exhibit a period that varies monotonically away from the central axis. More precisely, the period of the second microstructures decreases with distance from the central axis.
  • the first zone Z1 appears darker near the X-axis while it appears lighter far from the X-axis, for an observer.
  • the second zone Z2 appears lighter near the X-axis while it appears darker far from the X-axis.
  • the reflection in the first zone Z1 moves and travels through the first zone in a first direction approaching the X axis, while the reflection in the second zone Z2 travels through the second zone in a second direction, opposite to the first direction, moving away from the X axis.
  • the first zone Z1 of the security sign 7 and the second zone Z2 of the security sign each have microstructures having facets whose inclination angles vary in a decreasing manner from a central axis (X axis) away from the central axis.
  • the microstructures exhibit a period that varies monotonically away from the central axis. More precisely, the period of the microstructures decreases with distance from the central axis.
  • the reflection in the first zone Z1 and the reflection in the second zone Z2 move through the first zone and the second zone respectively, moving away from the X axis.
  • FIG. 9 schematically represents a fifth security sign 7 in accordance with a fifth embodiment of the invention.
  • the banknote 1 comprises the security feature 7 and a printed pattern 8.
  • the security feature 7 comprises microstructures formed in a surface of the first face 5 of the substrate 2 (or front side).
  • the printed pattern 8 is printed on the second face 6 of the substrate 2 (or back side), opposite the first face 5.
  • the printed pattern 8 may be printed on the first face 5 of the substrate 2 (or recto), between the substrate 2 and the step-index layer 16.
  • the security sign 7 when an observer O observes the security sign 7 from a first angle, the security sign 7 reflects light towards the observer O, so that the security sign 7 masks the presence of the printed pattern 8.
  • the reflective effect of the security sign is less intense, so that the security sign 7 allows the printed pattern 8 to appear transparently through the substrate 2 (if the pattern is printed on the back) or through the step-index layer 16 (if the pattern is printed on the front).
  • FIG. 10 schematically represents a sixth security sign in accordance with a sixth embodiment of the invention.
  • the banknote 1 comprises the security feature 7.
  • the security feature 7 comprises microstructures formed in a surface of the first face 5 of the substrate 2.
  • the security feature 7 forms a pseudo-watermark 9 when viewed in transmission.
  • the step of pressing the paper layer 11 creates differences in the density of the fibers within the paper layer 11. These differences in density, associated with the presence of the step-index layer 16, create a visual effect similar to that of a watermark.
  • the security sign 7 when an observer O observes the security sign 7 from a first angle, the security sign 7 masks the light transmitted towards the observer O, such that the security sign 7 masks the presence of the pseudo-watermark 9.
  • the intensity of the light transmitted through the security sign is greater, so that the security sign 7 reveals the pseudo-watermark 9 transparently through the substrate 2.
  • FIG 11 schematically represents a fifth security sign 7 in accordance with a seventh embodiment of the invention.
  • the security sign 7 has several zones.
  • some areas Z1 of the security sign 7 have microstructures having facets having a first surface roughness.
  • Other areas Z2 of the security sign 7 do not have microstructures.
  • the areas Z2 have not been subjected to pressure, so that they have a second surface roughness, different from the first roughness.
  • the second roughness is greater than the first roughness.
  • the security sign 7 appears more matte in the second zones Z2 and more shiny in the first zones Z1.
  • FIG 12 schematically represents steps of a method of manufacturing 100 banknotes, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
  • the substrate is manufactured.
  • the substrate is manufactured in the form of a continuous strip of paper 17 on a paper machine.
  • the continuous strip of paper 11 is impregnated on each of its faces with an impregnation composition 12, 13.
  • the continuous substrate strip is cut into a plurality of separate substrate sheets 18.
  • each individual substrate sheet 18 is printed on each of its faces with a plurality of graphic patterns.
  • Each graphic pattern corresponds to a banknote.
  • microstructures 21 are formed in each individual substrate sheet.
  • a matrix 33 having protruding and/or recessed microreliefs is pressed against a surface of the substrate sheet 18.
  • the substrate may be subjected to a pressure between 10 and 100 Megapascals (MPa), preferably between 20 and 50 MPa.
  • MPa Megapascals
  • Pressing can be done by embossing, debossing or stamping.
  • the pressing is carried out by embossing at a temperature between 20 and 100 degrees Celsius, preferably at a temperature greater than about 80 degrees, for example equal to about 90 degrees Celsius.
  • the substrate sheet 18 is driven in scrolling between a first cylinder 31 and a second cylinder 32.
  • the first cylinder 31 carries the matrix 33 having the protruding and/or hollow microreliefs.
  • the second cylinder 32 is a counter-pressure cylinder.
  • the first cylinder 31 and the second cylinder 32 are driven in rotation. At each revolution of the first cylinder 31, the matrix 33 having the microreliefs is pressed against a surface of the substrate sheet 18.
  • microstructures 21 consist of patterns in the form of protruding and/or recessed reliefs which are complementary to the micropatterns of the matrix.
  • the pressing also has the effect of reducing the roughness of the surface of the substrate sheet 18 in which the microstructures 21 have been formed.
  • the surface of the substrate sheet 18 may have a Bendtsen roughness value greater than 300 mL per minute (measured according to ISO 8791-2:2013 Paper and board - Determination of roughness/smoothness (air flow methods) - Part 2: Bendtsen method) prior to the pressing step.
  • the surface of the substrate sheet 18 in which the microstructures 21 have been formed has a Bendtsen roughness value of less than 100 mL per minute, preferably less than 60 mL per minute, after the pressing step.
  • FIG 13 schematically represents the substrate sheet after step 104.
  • the substrate has microstructures 21 formed in a surface on one of its faces.
  • microstructures 21 may be formed simultaneously on each of two opposite faces of the substrate.
  • two matrices arranged on either side of the substrate and each having protruding and/or recessed microreliefs are pressed simultaneously against respective surfaces of the two opposite faces of the substrate.
  • the microstructures 21 are coated with a step index layer 16.
  • the step index layer 16 may be deposited on the surface of the substrate sheet 18 as a composition comprising reflective particles, a binder, and a crosslinking agent. Crosslinking the composition hardens the step index layer. Once hardened, the step index layer solidifies the microstructures.
  • the reflective particles can be metallic particles, such as silver or aluminum particles for example.
  • the obtained step-index layer is of good quality, that is, the step-index layer is smooth, thin and uniform.
  • the step-index layer has a thickness much smaller than the dimensions of the microstructures 21, so that it completely matches the shape of the microstructures 21.
  • the 16-step index coat preferably has a gloss index greater than 70 gloss units, measured at 60 degrees according to standard NF EN ISO 2813 November 2014 (Paints and varnishes - Determination of the gloss index at 20°, 60° and 85°).
  • the step index layer 16 is deposited on the surface of the substrate sheet 18 in an amount of between 0.2 and 8 grams per square meter, preferably between 1.5 and 3 grams per square meter.
  • the 16-step index layer can be deposited by flexographic printing, screen printing, offset printing or digital printing, for example by inkjet printing.
  • the step index layer 16 may be deposited only on the microstructures 21. That is, the step index layer 16 may be discontinuous and be located in register with the relief patterns as illustrated in FIG. figure 14 .
  • a discontinuous step-index layer 16 makes it possible to obtain adhesion of the protective film directly with the paper layer 11 at the locations where the paper layer 11 is not covered by the step-index layer 16. Thus, in the event of an attempt to peel off or tear off the protective film, the security sign 7 is destroyed.
  • the 16-step index layer may be deposited by covering only certain areas of the surface, in a repeating pattern or screen, such as a checkerboard, a grid, a succession of dots or lines, or a succession of repeating images.
  • the step-index layer 16 may be deposited both on the microstructures 21 and around the microstructures. That is, the step-index layer 16 is continuous and covers all the microstructures 21. It is arranged flat as illustrated in the figure 15 .
  • the step index layer 16 may be continuous but not cover all of the microstructures 21. In other words, the step index layer 21 does not cover the entire surface occupied by the microstructures 21.
  • the step index layer 21 may be continuous as illustrated in FIG. figure 16 , or discontinuous.
  • the method may comprise a step 106 in which an additional layer comprising colored pigments is deposited over the index step layer 16.
  • each face of the substrate sheet 18 is covered with a protective film 3, 4 made of polymer material.
  • the first face of the substrate sheet 18 is covered with a first protective film 3 and the second face of the substrate sheet 18, opposite the first face, is covered with a second protective film 4.
  • the first protective film 3 is applied to the first face of the substrate sheet 18 such that the first protective film covers the entire first face of the substrate sheet 18.
  • the second protective film 4 is applied to the second face of the substrate sheet 18 such that the second protective film 4 covers the entire second face of the substrate sheet 18.
  • the first protective film 3 comprises a hot-melt adhesive layer
  • the first protective film 3 is hot-laminated onto the substrate sheet 18 at a temperature of between 50 and 200°C, preferably between 80 and 150°C, so as to cause the adhesive layer to melt.
  • the adhesive layer can be in a thermoplastic or elastomeric state.
  • the same method is used to apply the second protective film 4 to the second face of the substrate sheet 18.
  • the material of the adhesive layer flows and takes the shape of the relief patterns, that is to say, it fills the hollows between the projections.
  • the Figures 17 and 18 schematically represent the protective film covering the microstructures 21.
  • the protective film 14 covers a surface of the substrate which is the total surface of one face of the substrate.
  • the protective film 14 covers a surface of the substrate which is only a part of the total surface of the face of the substrate.
  • Step 107 results in obtaining a multilayer (or laminate) assembly comprising the substrate sheet 18, the first film 3 and the second film 4.
  • each multilayer assembly comprising the substrate sheet 18, the first protective film 3 and the second protective film 4 is cut into a plurality of individual banknotes.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
  • Shaping Of Tube Ends By Bending Or Straightening (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Sicherheitsdokuments (1), das die Schritte umfasst:
    a - Ausbilden von Mikrostrukturen (21) in einem Substrat (2) durch Pressen einer Matrix (33) mit Mikroreliefs gegen eine Oberfläche des Substrats (2), wobei die Mikrostrukturen abwechselnd Vorsprünge und Vertiefungen aufweisen,
    b - Beschichten der Mikrostrukturen (21) mit einer Indexsprungschicht (16), damit die Mikrostrukturen eine einfallende Lichtstrahlung zurückwerfen können, und
    c - Bedecken der Oberfläche des Substrats (2) einschließlich der Mikrostrukturen (21) und der Indexsprungschicht mit einem Schutzfilm (3) aus Polymermaterial,
    wobei die Indexsprungschicht (16) einen Brechungsindex aufweist, der sich von einem Brechungsindex des Schutzfilms (3) aus Polymermaterial unterscheidet, wobei das Verfahren dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass die Indexsprungschicht (16) eine Dicke aufweist, die geringer ist als eine Tiefe (h) der Mikroreliefs, und dass der Schutzfilm (3) eine Schicht aus Polymermaterial (14) und eine Haftschicht (15) umfasst, so dass die Haftschicht (15) zumindest teilweise die Vertiefungen füllt und sich an die Vorsprünge der Mikrostrukturen (21) anschmiegt, die mit der Indexsprungschicht (16) beschichtet sind.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei in Schritt a das Substrat (2) einem Druck zwischen 10 und 100 MPa, vorzugsweise zwischen 20 und 50 MPa, ausgesetzt wird.
  3. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 und 2, wobei das Pressen in Schritt a durch Prägen bei einer Temperatur zwischen 23 und 100 Grad Celsius, vorzugsweise etwa 90 Grad Celsius, durchgeführt wird.
  4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei die Mikrostrukturen (21) eine Tiefe zwischen 1 Mikrometer und 100 Mikrometer, vorzugsweise zwischen 5 und 50 Mikrometer, beispielsweise zwischen 10 und 35 Mikrometer, aufweisen.
  5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei das Substrat (2) eine erste Seite (5) und eine zweite Seite (6), die der ersten Seite gegenüberliegt, umfasst, und wobei die Mikrostrukturen in einer Oberfläche der ersten Seite (5) des Substrats (2) ausgebildet sind, wobei das Verfahren einen zusätzlichen Schritt des Druckens eines Druckmusters (8) auf die zweite Seite (6) des Substrats (2) in Übereinstimmung mit den Mikrostrukturen oder auf die erste Seite (5) des Substrats (2) zwischen dem Substrat (2) und der Indexsprungschicht (16) umfasst.
  6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei die Indexsprungschicht (16) einen Glanzindex von über 70 Glanzeinheiten aufweist, gemessen bei 60 Grad gemäß der Norm NF EN ISO 2813.
  7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, wobei die Indexsprungschicht (16) auf das Substrat (2) in einer Menge zwischen 0,2 und 8 Gramm pro Quadratmeter, vorzugsweise zwischen 1,5 und 3 Gramm pro Quadratmeter, aufgebracht wird.
  8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, wobei in Schritt c der Schutzfilm (3) aus Polymermaterial eine erste Seite (5) des Substrats (2) vollständig bedeckt.
  9. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, wobei nach Schritt c das mit dem oder den Schutzfilm(en) (3, 4) aus Polymermaterial beschichtete Substrat (2) ein Flächengewicht zwischen 50 und 130 Gramm pro Quadratmeter aufweist.
  10. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, wobei das Substrat (2) eine Papierschicht (11) umfasst, wobei die Papierschicht (11) Pflanzenfasern wie Zellulosefasern oder Fasern von einjährigen Pflanzen wie Baumwollfasern umfasst, denen Fasern aus synthetischem Material wie Polyamid- oder Polyesterfasern hinzugefügt werden können, und in Schritt a die Mikrostrukturen (21) in der Papierschicht (11) durch Verformen der Papierschicht (11) ausgebildet werden.
  11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, wobei in Schritt a das Pressen der Matrix (33) gegen die Oberfläche des Substrats (2) Dichteunterschiede der Fasern im Inneren der Papierschicht (11) schafft, wobei die Dichteunterschiede eventuell in Kombination mit der Indexsprungschicht (16) ein Pseudofiligran (9) bilden.
  12. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 10 und 11, wobei die Papierschicht (11) ein Flächengewicht zwischen 50 und 90 Gramm pro Quadratmeter aufweist.
  13. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 12, umfassend einen vorherigen Schritt vor Schritt a, die Papierschicht (11) mit einer wässrigen Dispersion zu imprägnieren, die ein Polymer oder Prepolymer umfasst, wie etwa ein Acryl- oder Acrylatpolymer oder ein Polyurethan oder einen Polyvinylalkohol (PVOH) oder ein Polyvinylidenchlorid (PVDC).
  14. Sicherheitsdokument (1), das durch ein Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13 erhalten wird.
  15. Sicherheitsdokument (1) nach Anspruch 14, wobei das Sicherheitsdokument eine Banknote ist.
EP21811418.9A 2020-11-06 2021-11-04 Verfahren zur herstellung eines sicherheitsdokuments Active EP4240595B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR2011403A FR3116022B1 (fr) 2020-11-06 2020-11-06 procede de fabrication d’UN DOCUMENT DE SECURITE
PCT/FR2021/051949 WO2022096833A1 (fr) 2020-11-06 2021-11-04 Procede de fabrication d'un document de securite

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4240595A1 EP4240595A1 (de) 2023-09-13
EP4240595B1 true EP4240595B1 (de) 2025-01-29
EP4240595C0 EP4240595C0 (de) 2025-01-29

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ES (1) ES3023187T3 (de)
FR (1) FR3116022B1 (de)
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WO (1) WO2022096833A1 (de)

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DE102023125600A1 (de) 2023-09-21 2025-03-27 Giesecke+Devrient Currency Technology Gmbh Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Sicherheitselementes mit Reliefstruktur und Sicherheitselement mit Reliefstruktur

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2991627B1 (fr) 2012-06-07 2014-11-21 Banque De France Document de securite a haute durabilite
GB2566975B (en) * 2017-09-29 2020-03-25 De La Rue Int Ltd Security Device And Method Of Manufacture Thereof

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FR3116022B1 (fr) 2023-03-10
PL4240595T3 (pl) 2025-05-26
FR3116022A1 (fr) 2022-05-13
EP4240595C0 (de) 2025-01-29
ES3023187T3 (en) 2025-05-30
WO2022096833A1 (fr) 2022-05-12
EP4240595A1 (de) 2023-09-13

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