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EP4088015A1 - Nozzle with variable outlet cross-section for rocket engine and rocket engine comprising such a nozzle - Google Patents

Nozzle with variable outlet cross-section for rocket engine and rocket engine comprising such a nozzle

Info

Publication number
EP4088015A1
EP4088015A1 EP20845574.1A EP20845574A EP4088015A1 EP 4088015 A1 EP4088015 A1 EP 4088015A1 EP 20845574 A EP20845574 A EP 20845574A EP 4088015 A1 EP4088015 A1 EP 4088015A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nozzle
tiles
type
section
movable part
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP20845574.1A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Julien SENON
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ANDROMACH
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP4088015A1 publication Critical patent/EP4088015A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02K9/00—Rocket-engine plants, i.e. plants carrying both fuel and oxidant therefor; Control thereof
    • F02K9/97—Rocket nozzles
    • F02K9/976—Deployable nozzles

Definitions

  • Variable outlet section nozzle for rocket motor and rocket motor comprising such a nozzle
  • the invention relates to the field of rocket engines, and more particularly relates to a nozzle for a rocket engine intended to improve the efficiency of this engine.
  • the problem of rocket engine efficiency is a well-known problem in aerospace. Indeed, we note that for a rocket engine at fixed speed, the thrust produced varies significantly during flight, in particular depending on the altitude at which the rocket is traveling. Indeed, for the thrust of a rocket engine to be maximum, the static pressure of the ejected gases must be identical to the ambient pressure prevailing around the rocket. However, during use, the ambient pressure around the rocket varies depending on the altitude at which it is flying. In known manner, the static pressure of the ejected gases is determined by the ratio between the section of the throat of the nozzle and the outlet section of the nozzle. On a conventional rocket engine, this section ratio is fixed.
  • the static pressure of the ejected gases does not vary and therefore cannot be kept equal to the ambient pressure during the whole flight.
  • the pressure of the ejected gases is greater than the ambient pressure, the ejected gas flow must then expand in order to adapt to the ambient pressure. The ejected gas flow is then no longer parallel to the stroke of the rocket. The amount of movement produced is therefore reduced and generates a loss of engine efficiency.
  • the pressure of the ejected gases is lower than the ambient pressure, a suction phenomenon occurs, which slows the rocket. It also causes a loss of engine efficiency.
  • the pressure of the ejected gases is much lower than the ambient pressure, a phenomenon of separation of the ejected gases appears. This separation is often asymmetric, resulting in instabilities of thrust and lateral loads on the engine, which, in the most severe cases, can jeopardize the integrity of the engine.
  • a known solution for limiting the consequences of the problems described above consists in adapting the nozzle to a given altitude, the ambient pressure of which corresponds to the average of the pressures encountered by the rocket motor during its use.
  • the pressure of the ejected gases is: - lower than the ambient pressure during take-off and up to the adaptation altitude;
  • the resulting loss of efficiency compared to the efficiency achieved at the adaptation altitude can reach 20 to 30% at the time of take-off, then nearly 10% for altitudes above the adaptation altitude.
  • the loss of efficiency on take-off is undoubtedly the most problematic, because it is during this phase that the mass of the rocket is the greatest (due to the fact that its tanks contain a maximum quantity of propellants), and, moreover, the rocket is then subjected to a maximum drag due to the density of the air which is maximum.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy the drawbacks of the state of the art, and more particularly those set out above, by proposing a variable-section nozzle, the section of which can be modified during use while at the same time. moving as little as possible from the ideal profile.
  • the invention relates to a rocket engine nozzle with variable outlet section, the nozzle comprising:
  • a movable part movable between a retracted position, in which the movable part surrounds the fixed part, and in which the fixed part forms the entrance and the outlet of the nozzle, and a deployed position, in which the fixed part forms the inlet of the nozzle and the movable part forms the outlet of the nozzle;
  • the movable part being configured so that its outlet section increases when the movable part moves from the retracted position to the deployed position, and so that, when the movable part forms the outlet of the nozzle, the seal between the fixed part and the movable part at their junction makes it possible to prevent any leakage of the gases ejected during the operation of the nozzle.
  • the invention makes it possible to vary the section of the nozzle, continuously, in order to adapt it to a wide range of altitudes.
  • the invention makes it possible to adapt the nozzle over a wide range of altitudes while remaining as close as possible to the profile of the ideal profile of the nozzle, particularly from the point of view of the flow of fluids.
  • the use of a nozzle in accordance with the invention thus makes it possible to avoid the loss of 20 to 30% of take-off thrust that is observed on a conventional nozzle.
  • the invention therefore makes it possible to significantly increase the payload, while also reducing the cost, reduced to the mass, of sending the payload into orbit.
  • the invention can also make it possible to limit the use of boosters, which are considered to be polluting and expensive.
  • the movable part comprises a set of tiles, in which each tile is movable in translation relative to the fixed part of the nozzle, between a retracted position corresponding to the retracted position of the movable part, and a corresponding deployed position in the deployed position of the movable part, the set of tiles being configured so that, when the movable part forms the outlet of the nozzle, at least one section of the set of tiles forms a continuous envelope between the fixed part and the outlet of the nozzle, the tiles being contiguous two by two over the whole of this section, and so that an internal surface of the set of tiles has a circular section at the level of an outlet section of the part fixed.
  • the set of tiles is formed by an alternation of tiles of two types:
  • each tile is merged with a portion of a cylinder of revolution of diameter corresponding to the diameter of the internal surface of the set of tiles at the outlet section of the fixed part.
  • the set of tiles has an equal number of tiles of the first type and tiles of the second type.
  • the set of tiles comprises a total number of tiles greater than or equal to 4, and for example between 6 and 24.
  • the nozzle comprises a system of rails for guiding the set of tiles.
  • the rail system comprises at least one rail of a first type for guiding one or more tiles of the first type and at least one rail of a second type for guiding one or more. tiles of the second type.
  • the rail system comprises one rail per tile.
  • the nozzle comprises a drive system for moving the mobile part.
  • the drive system comprises at least one actuator of a first type to ensure the driving of one or more tiles of the first type, and at least one actuator of a second type to ensure the driving of 'one or more tiles of the second type.
  • the drive system comprises one cylinder per tile.
  • each tile comprises, on each side, a connecting device cooperating with a corresponding connecting device of the adjacent tile to form a sliding connection.
  • the invention also relates to an engine comprising at least one nozzle conforming to that defined above.
  • the invention also relates to a rocket comprising at least one engine as defined above.
  • - Figure 1 is a diagram showing the profile of a fixed part of a nozzle according to the invention
  • - Figure 2 is a side view of a nozzle according to the invention, a half-view showing the movable part of the nozzle in its retracted position, the other half-view showing the movable part in its deployed position;
  • FIG. 2a is a half-sectional view of the fixed and movable parts of the nozzle of Figure 2, the movable part being in the retracted position;
  • FIG. 2b is a half-sectional view of the fixed and movable parts of the nozzle of Figure 2, the movable part being in an intermediate position between the retracted and deployed positions;
  • FIG. 2c is a half-sectional view of the fixed and movable parts of the nozzle of Figure 2, the movable part being in the deployed position;
  • Figure 2d is a sectional view of the fixed and movable parts of the nozzle in the configuration of Figure 2b, the section being seen in accordance with the sectional plane CC of Figure 2b;
  • Figure 2e is a detail view of Figure 2d;
  • FIG. 3 is a side view of the nozzle of Figure 2, in its deployed position
  • FIG. 4 is a front view of a tile of the first type of the movable part.
  • FIG. 5 is a side view of the tile of Figure 4.
  • FIG. 6 is a bottom view of the tile of Figure 4.
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the tile of Figure 4.
  • FIG. 8 is a front view of a tile of the second type of the movable part
  • FIG. 9 is a side view of the tile of Figure 8.
  • FIG. 10 is a bottom view of the tile of Figure 8.
  • FIG. 11 is a perspective view of the tile of Figure 8.
  • FIG. 12 is a top view of the fixed part of the nozzle, in a configuration with eight tiles;
  • FIG. 13 is a side view of the fixed part of the nozzle, in a configuration with eight tiles, the profile of the movable part in the retracted position being shown around the fixed part;
  • FIG. 14 is a detail view of a tile of the movable part of the nozzle
  • - Figure 15 is a perspective view of the arrangement of two adjacent tiles;
  • - Figure 16 is a view of a rocket equipped with a nozzle according to the invention.
  • the nozzle 1 comprises a fixed part 2 and a movable part 3.
  • the movable part 3 is movable relative to the part. fixed 2 between a retracted position, or retracted position, visible on the lower half of Figure 2 (and in Figure 2a), and a deployed position, or extended position, visible on the upper half of Figure 2 (and on the figure 2c).
  • the mobile part 3 can take a plurality of intermediate positions, such as the position shown in FIG. 2b.
  • the movable part 3 is located, in its retracted position, around the fixed part 2, and is positioned such that the free end of the movable part 3, which forms the section outlet 30 of the moving part, is located behind (relative to the direction of gas ejection shown in Figure 1 by the arrow FG) OR at the same level as the free end of the fixed part 2.
  • the outlet section 10 of the nozzle 1 which constitutes the gas ejection orifice (i.e. the outlet of the nozzle), is formed by the outlet section 20 of the fixed part 2.
  • the movable part 3 is located, in its deployed position, at least partially advanced with respect to the free end of the fixed part 2, and is positioned so that the outlet section 30 of the movable part 3 is located in the extension of the fixed part 2 and thus forms the outlet section 10 of the nozzle 1, and therefore the orifice for ejection of the gases from the nozzle.
  • the inlet section 12 of the nozzle 1 is formed by the inlet section 22 of the fixed part 2.
  • the movable part 3 is located, in any intermediate position, between the retracted and deployed positions, partially advanced with respect to the free end of the fixed part 2, and is positioned so that the outlet section 30 of the movable part 3 is located in the extension of the fixed part 2 and thus forms the outlet section 10 of the nozzle 1, and therefore the gas ejection orifice of the nozzle.
  • the mobile part 3 it is configured so that its section located at the level of the output section 20 of the fixed part 2 has a shape of circular section, of internal diameter equal to or greater than the external diameter of the fixed part 2 at the level of its outlet section 20.
  • the internal diameter of the movable part 3 at the level of the outlet section 20 of the fixed part 2 is equal to the external diameter of the latter, or has a value very close to this external diameter, making it possible to ensure a seal between these two elements sufficient to prevent any leakage of the gases ejected during the operation of the nozzle.
  • the seal between the fixed 2 and movable 3 parts is ensured by contact between these two elements.
  • the seal is ensured by a tight fit between the fixed 2 and mobile 3 parts at their junction.
  • a sealing element can be provided interposed between the fixed part and the movable part, at their junction.
  • the fixed part 2 has in the example a form of conventional nozzle, its internal surface being a surface of revolution of axis X.
  • the fixed part 2 comprises, in the direction of the ejection of the gases : a convergent 24, a neck 26, and a divergent 28 whose free end forms the outlet section 20.
  • the outlet section 20 of the fixed part 2 has a circular shape of radius A.
  • the mobile part is in the example produced by means of an assembly of elements, or tiles 32, 34, movable in translation.
  • the set of tiles 32, 34 is formed by an alternation of elements 32, 34 of two types:
  • Each tile 32, 34 has an evolving section.
  • the section of the tiles of the first type 32 is increasing in the direction of the ejection of the gases, while the section of the tiles of the second type 34 is decreasing in the direction of the ejection of the gases.
  • the tiles are arranged so that the section of the tiles of the first type 32 the largest is on the side of the outlet section 30 of the movable part 3, the largest section of the tiles. of the second type 34 located on the opposite side.
  • the shape of the tiles 32, 34 is such that the projection of the contour of their external surface on a diametral plane orthogonal to the median radial plane of each tile is triangular in shape.
  • tiles 32, 34 have the general shape of a triangle, these triangles being arranged in opposite directions two by two.
  • the mobile part 3 has an equal number of tiles of each type, and in the example of Figures 1 to 11 and 14 to 15 comprises a total of twelve tiles, or six tiles 32, 34 of each type.
  • Figures 12 and 13 show a fixed part intended for a set of tiles comprising eight tiles in total.
  • the total number of tiles in the set of tiles will be at least equal to 4, and in particular between 6 and 24. It is possible, for example, to provide a set of tiles comprising for example 6, 8, 10 or 12 tiles.
  • the tiles of the first type 32 and the tiles of the second type 34 are configured to form, in the retracted position of the movable part 3, an assembly surrounding the fixed part 2, and whose internal surface has a shape widening in the direction of gas ejection.
  • the tiles 32, 34 form an assembly having, at the level of the outlet section 20 of the fixed part, a circular section, of which the diameter is equal to or greater than the external diameter of the fixed part 2 at the outlet section 20, and provided to prevent any escape of ejection gas between the two elements during operation of the nozzle.
  • the tiles 32, 34 of the set of tiles are arranged so that, when the movable part 3 is in a position in which it forms the outlet of the nozzle 1, at least one section 31 of the set of tiles, located between the outlet section 20 of the fixed part 2 and the outlet section 30 of the movable part, has a continuous internal surface, of circular section at the level of the outlet section 20 of the fixed part 2.
  • the passage from the retracted position to the deployed position, or to any intermediate position, of the mobile part 3 is obtained by sliding the tiles 32, 34, by means of a rail system 4.
  • the rail system 4 comprises in example a plurality of rails 40, 42 including:
  • the rail system 4 comprises as many rails of each type.
  • the rail system 4 comprises one rail per tile 32, 34, and therefore comprises twelve rails in total, ie six rails of the first type 40 and six rails of the second type 42.
  • Each of the rails 40, 42 of the rail system 4 is, in the example of the figures, of rectilinear shape, and oriented in a direction parallel to the direction tangent to the profile of the divergent 28 at the level of the outlet section 20 of the part. fixed 2 (cf. figure 1, tangent line T).
  • the nozzle 1 comprises a drive system 5 of the movable part 3, comprising in the example a plurality of jacks 50, 52 including:
  • the drive system 5 of the mobile part 3 comprises as many jacks 50, 52 of each type.
  • the drive system 5 comprises one jack 50, 52 per tile 32, 34, and therefore comprises twelve jacks 50, 52 in total, i.e. six jacks of the first type 50 and six jacks of the second type 52 (some jacks not shown in Figure 3 for reasons of clarity).
  • Figures 4 to 7 show different views of an exemplary embodiment of a tile of the first type 32.
  • Each tile of the first type 32 has a front end 320 and a rear end 322.
  • the front end 320 of each tile of the first type 32 forms part of the outlet end of the movable part 3 in its retracted position.
  • FIG. 6 which represents a cross section of a tile of the first type 32
  • the internal face 324 of each tile of the first type 32 coincides with a portion of a cylinder of revolution of radius identical to that of the outlet section. of the fixed part (radius A).
  • Each tile of the first type 32 comprises on its outer face 326 a jack attachment 328, located for example approximately halfway along the tile.
  • the actuator clip 328 makes it possible to fix the rod of the actuator 50 provided to drive the tile in motion.
  • each tile of the first type 32 comprises, on its internal face 324, a device for connecting to the corresponding rail 40, such as a slide 330.
  • a device for connecting to the corresponding rail 40 such as a slide 330.
  • the lateral edges of each tile of the first type 32 comprise a device for connecting to the adjacent tiles (which are therefore tiles of the second type 34), in the example in the form of a groove 332 shaped to cooperate with a tenon of form complementary present on each tile of the second type 34, which is described in more detail below.
  • Figures 8 to 11 show different views of an exemplary embodiment of a tile of the second type 34.
  • Each tile of the second type 34 has a front end 340 and a rear end 342.
  • the front end 340 of each tile of the second type 34 forms part of the outlet end of the movable part 3 in its retracted position.
  • FIG. 10 which represents a cross section of a tile of the second type 34
  • the internal face 344 of each tile of the second type 34 coincides with a portion of a cylinder of revolution, of radius identical to that of the cross section. exit of the fixed part (radius A).
  • each tile of the second type 34 has bevelled sides, oriented in a radial direction with respect to a circle of center C inscribed in the internal surface of the set of tiles 32, 34 at the rear end of the movable part 3 in the retracted position (i.e. the end opposite the outlet section 30 of the movable part 3).
  • Each tile of the second type 34 has on its external face 346 a jack attachment 348, located in the example near the rear end 342. The jack attachment 348 makes it possible to fix the rod of the jack 52 provided to drive the cylinder. moving tile.
  • each tile of the second type 34 comprises, on its internal face 344, a device for connecting to the corresponding rail 42, such as a slide 350.
  • a single slide 350 has been shown per tile, but several slides can be provided.
  • the lateral edges of each tile of the second type 34 comprise a device for connecting to the adjacent tiles (which are therefore tiles of the first type 32), in the example in the form of a tenon 352 shaped to cooperate with one of the tiles.
  • grooves 332 of complementary shape present on each tile of the first type 32.
  • the grooves 332 and the tenons 352 have complementary shapes making it possible to form a sliding connection, as can be seen in FIG. 15 and in FIG. 2e.
  • each groove 332 has in section an enlarged part, of circular shape, and a narrowed part, and each tenon 352 has in section a complementary form.
  • Any shape making it possible to produce a sliding connection such as for example a dovetail shape, can alternatively be implemented.
  • FIG. 1 shows the tangent straight lines at points E and F.
  • the orientation of the tangents T corresponds to the orientation of the rails 40, 42 of the rail system 4.
  • the tangents T intersect at a point D, the triangle DEF being therefore isosceles.
  • the configuration of the tiles 32, 34 of the movable part implies that the course of all the tiles 32, 34 of the same type is identical. Furthermore, the stroke of the tiles of the first type 32 between the retracted and deployed positions is less than that of the tiles of the second type 34.
  • the tiles of the second type 34 must cover a greater distance than the tiles of the first type 32 to move from one extreme position to another, and vice versa.
  • the tiles of the second type 34 must travel a path twice as long as the tiles of the first type 32. This difference in travel implies a difference in length.
  • rails 40, 42 for guiding the tiles 32, 34 In the example, the length of the rails 42 for guiding the tiles of the second type 34 is twice that of the rails 40 for guiding the tiles of the first type 32.
  • the length of the rails of the second type 42 is at least equal to half of the side of the triangle DEF, ie the length of the segments GE and HF.
  • the length of the rails of the first type 40 is at least equal to a quarter of the side of the triangle DEF, ie half the length of the segments GE and HF.
  • FIG. 16 represents a rocket 100 comprising an engine (not visible) equipped with a nozzle 1 in accordance with the invention.
  • the system drive 5 of the movable part is fixed to a fixed element of the engine or of the structure of the rocket 100.
  • the invention described above makes it possible to adapt the nozzle over a wide range of altitudes, continuously, while remaining as close as possible to the ideal profile of the nozzle, particularly from the point of view of the flow of fluids.
  • the invention avoids the loss of 20 to 30% of take-off thrust that is observed on a conventional nozzle.
  • the invention therefore makes it possible to significantly increase the payload, while also reducing the cost, reduced to the mass, of sending the payload into orbit.
  • the invention can also make it possible to limit the use of boosters, which are considered to be polluting and expensive.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a rocket engine nozzle (1) with a variable cross-section, the nozzle comprising: - a stationary part (2); and - a movable part (3), capable of moving between a retracted position, in which the movable part (3) surrounds the stationary part (2), and in which the stationary part (2) forms the inlet and the outlet of the nozzle (1), and a deployed position, in which the stationary part (2) forms the inlet of the nozzle and the movable part (3) forms the outlet of the nozzle (1); the movable part (3) being configured such that its outlet cross-section increases as the movable part (3) moves from the retracted position to the deployed position, and such that, when the movable part (3) forms the outlet of the nozzle (1), the seal between the stationary part (2) and movable part (3) where they join prevents any leakage of the gases discharged during the operation of the nozzle.

Description

Tuyère à section de sortie variable pour moteur de fusée et moteur de fusée comportant une telle tuyère Variable outlet section nozzle for rocket motor and rocket motor comprising such a nozzle
L’invention se rapporte au domaine des moteurs-fusées, et concerne plus particulièrement une tuyère pour un moteur-fusée destinée à améliorer l’efficacité de ce moteur. The invention relates to the field of rocket engines, and more particularly relates to a nozzle for a rocket engine intended to improve the efficiency of this engine.
Le problème d’efficacité d’un moteur-fusée est un problème bien connu dans le domaine aérospatial. En effet, on remarque que pour un moteur-fusée à régime fixe, la poussée produite varie de façon importante au cours d’un vol, notamment en fonction de l’altitude à laquelle évolue la fusée. En effet, pour que la poussée d’un moteur-fusée soit maximale, la pression statique des gaz éjectés doit être identique à la pression ambiante régnant autour de la fusée. Or, lors de son utilisation, la pression ambiante autour de la fusée varie suivant l’altitude à laquelle cette dernière évolue. De façon connue, la pression statique des gaz éjectés est déterminée par le rapport entre la section du col de la tuyère et la section de sortie de la tuyère. Sur un moteur-fusée conventionnel, ce rapport de section est fixe. Par conséquent, la pression statique des gaz éjectés ne varie pas et ne peut donc être maintenue égale à la pression ambiante pendant tout le vol. Lorsque la pression des gaz éjectés est supérieure à la pression ambiante, le flux de gaz éjecté doit alors se dilater afin de s’adapter à la pression ambiante. Le flux de gaz éjecté n’est alors plus parallèle à la course de la fusée. La quantité de mouvement produite est donc réduite et génère une perte d’efficacité du moteur. Lorsque la pression des gaz éjectés est inférieure à la pression ambiante, un phénomène d’aspiration se produit, qui ralentit la fusée. Cela génère également une perte d’efficacité du moteur. De plus, lorsque la pression des gaz éjectés est très inférieure à la pression ambiante, un phénomène de décollement des gaz éjectés apparaît. Ce décollement est souvent asymétrique, entraînant alors des instabilités de poussée et des charges latérales pour le moteur, qui, dans les cas les plus graves, peuvent mettre en jeu l’intégrité du moteur. The problem of rocket engine efficiency is a well-known problem in aerospace. Indeed, we note that for a rocket engine at fixed speed, the thrust produced varies significantly during flight, in particular depending on the altitude at which the rocket is traveling. Indeed, for the thrust of a rocket engine to be maximum, the static pressure of the ejected gases must be identical to the ambient pressure prevailing around the rocket. However, during use, the ambient pressure around the rocket varies depending on the altitude at which it is flying. In known manner, the static pressure of the ejected gases is determined by the ratio between the section of the throat of the nozzle and the outlet section of the nozzle. On a conventional rocket engine, this section ratio is fixed. Consequently, the static pressure of the ejected gases does not vary and therefore cannot be kept equal to the ambient pressure during the whole flight. When the pressure of the ejected gases is greater than the ambient pressure, the ejected gas flow must then expand in order to adapt to the ambient pressure. The ejected gas flow is then no longer parallel to the stroke of the rocket. The amount of movement produced is therefore reduced and generates a loss of engine efficiency. When the pressure of the ejected gases is lower than the ambient pressure, a suction phenomenon occurs, which slows the rocket. It also causes a loss of engine efficiency. In addition, when the pressure of the ejected gases is much lower than the ambient pressure, a phenomenon of separation of the ejected gases appears. This separation is often asymmetric, resulting in instabilities of thrust and lateral loads on the engine, which, in the most severe cases, can jeopardize the integrity of the engine.
Une solution connue pour limiter les conséquences des problèmes exposés ci-dessus consiste à adapter la tuyère à une altitude donnée, dont la pression ambiante correspond à la moyenne des pressions rencontrées par le moteur-fusée au cours de son utilisation. Dans un tel cas, la pression des gaz éjectés est : - inférieure à la pression ambiante lors du décollage et jusqu’à l’altitude d’adaptation ; A known solution for limiting the consequences of the problems described above consists in adapting the nozzle to a given altitude, the ambient pressure of which corresponds to the average of the pressures encountered by the rocket motor during its use. In such a case, the pressure of the ejected gases is: - lower than the ambient pressure during take-off and up to the adaptation altitude;
- égale à la pression ambiante à l’altitude d’adaptation ; et - equal to the ambient pressure at the adaptation altitude; and
- supérieure à la pression ambiante aux altitudes supérieures à l’altitude d’adaptation. - above ambient pressure at altitudes above the adaptation altitude.
La perte d’efficacité engendrée par rapport à l’efficacité atteinte à l’altitude d’adaptation peut atteindre 20 à 30% au moment du décollage, puis près de 10% pour les altitudes supérieures à l’altitude d’adaptation. La perte d’efficacité au décollage est sans aucun doute la plus problématique, car c’est lors de cette phase que la masse de la fusée est la plus importante (en raison du fait que ses réservoirs contiennent une quantité maximale d’ergols), et, de plus, la fusée est alors soumise à une traînée maximale du fait de la densité de l’air qui est maximale. The resulting loss of efficiency compared to the efficiency achieved at the adaptation altitude can reach 20 to 30% at the time of take-off, then nearly 10% for altitudes above the adaptation altitude. The loss of efficiency on take-off is undoubtedly the most problematic, because it is during this phase that the mass of the rocket is the greatest (due to the fact that its tanks contain a maximum quantity of propellants), and, moreover, the rocket is then subjected to a maximum drag due to the density of the air which is maximum.
Afin de remédier aux inconvénients mentionnés ci-dessus, des solutions mettant en oeuvre une tuyère de section variable ont été proposées, la modification de la section permettant de disposer d’une tuyère pouvant être adaptée en cours de vol à différentes altitudes. De telles solutions mettent généralement en oeuvre des volets articulés formant l’extrémité de la tuyère, et un mécanisme d’actionnement permettant de modifier l’orientation des volets afin de resserrer ou élargir l’extrémité de la tuyère. Toutefois, ces solutions présentent l’inconvénient d’ajouter une masse importante, et, surtout, de modifier le profil de la tuyère d’une manière trop importante. De manière générale, on ne connaît pas de solution qui ne soit pas pénalisante en termes de coûts et/ou de masse, et qui permette de modifier la section d’une tuyère de façon continue en cours d’utilisation, de façon à ce que le profil de la tuyère soit maintenu très proche du profil idéal. In order to remedy the drawbacks mentioned above, solutions using a nozzle of variable section have been proposed, the modification of the section making it possible to have a nozzle that can be adapted during flight at different altitudes. Such solutions generally involve hinged flaps forming the end of the nozzle, and an actuating mechanism for changing the orientation of the flaps in order to tighten or widen the end of the nozzle. However, these solutions have the disadvantage of adding a large mass, and, above all, of modifying the profile of the nozzle too much. In general, no solution is known which is not penalizing in terms of costs and / or mass, and which makes it possible to modify the section of a nozzle continuously during use, so that the profile of the nozzle is kept very close to the ideal profile.
La présente invention a pour but de remédier aux inconvénients de l’état de la technique, et plus particulièrement ceux ci-dessus exposés, en proposant une tuyère à section variable, dont la section puisse être modifiée en cours d’utilisation tout en s’éloignant le moins possible du profil idéal. The object of the present invention is to remedy the drawbacks of the state of the art, and more particularly those set out above, by proposing a variable-section nozzle, the section of which can be modified during use while at the same time. moving as little as possible from the ideal profile.
À cet effet, l’invention concerne une tuyère de moteur-fusée à section de sortie variable, la tuyère comportant : To this end, the invention relates to a rocket engine nozzle with variable outlet section, the nozzle comprising:
- une partie fixe ; et - a fixed part; and
- une partie mobile, mobile entre une position rétractée, dans laquelle la partie mobile entoure la partie fixe, et dans laquelle la partie fixe forme l’entrée et la sortie de la tuyère, et une position déployée, dans laquelle la partie fixe forme l’entrée de la tuyère et la partie mobile forme la sortie de la tuyère ; la partie mobile étant configurée pour que sa section de sortie augmente lorsque la partie mobile se déplace de la position rétractée vers la position déployée, et pour que, lorsque la partie mobile forme la sortie de la tuyère, l’étanchéité entre la partie fixe et la partie mobile au niveau de leur jonction permette d’éviter toute fuite des gaz éjectés durant le fonctionnement de la tuyère. - a movable part, movable between a retracted position, in which the movable part surrounds the fixed part, and in which the fixed part forms the entrance and the outlet of the nozzle, and a deployed position, in which the fixed part forms the inlet of the nozzle and the movable part forms the outlet of the nozzle; the movable part being configured so that its outlet section increases when the movable part moves from the retracted position to the deployed position, and so that, when the movable part forms the outlet of the nozzle, the seal between the fixed part and the movable part at their junction makes it possible to prevent any leakage of the gases ejected during the operation of the nozzle.
Ainsi, en mettant en oeuvre une tuyère comportant une partie fixe et une partie mobile dont la section augmente avec son déplacement de la position rétractée vers la position déployée, l’invention permet de faire varier la section de la tuyère, de façon continue, pour adapter celle-ci à une large plage d’altitudes. L’invention permet d’adapter la tuyère sur une large plage d’altitudes tout en restant au plus près du profil du profil idéal de la tuyère, du point vue de l’écoulement des fluides notamment. La mise en oeuvre d’une tuyère conforme à l’invention permet ainsi d’éviter la perte de 20 à 30 % de poussée au décollage que l’on observe sur une tuyère conventionnelle. L’invention permet donc d’augmenter significativement la charge utile, diminuant de même le coût, ramené à la masse, d’envoi de charge utile en orbite. L’invention peut également permettre de limiter l’utilisation de boosters, considérés comme polluants et coûteux. Thus, by using a nozzle comprising a fixed part and a movable part, the section of which increases with its displacement from the retracted position to the deployed position, the invention makes it possible to vary the section of the nozzle, continuously, in order to adapt it to a wide range of altitudes. The invention makes it possible to adapt the nozzle over a wide range of altitudes while remaining as close as possible to the profile of the ideal profile of the nozzle, particularly from the point of view of the flow of fluids. The use of a nozzle in accordance with the invention thus makes it possible to avoid the loss of 20 to 30% of take-off thrust that is observed on a conventional nozzle. The invention therefore makes it possible to significantly increase the payload, while also reducing the cost, reduced to the mass, of sending the payload into orbit. The invention can also make it possible to limit the use of boosters, which are considered to be polluting and expensive.
Dans une réalisation, la partie mobile comporte un ensemble de tuiles, dans lequel chaque tuile est mobile en translation par rapport à la partie fixe de la tuyère, entre une position rétractée correspondant à la position rétractée de la partie mobile, et une position déployée correspondant à la position déployée de la partie mobile, l’ensemble de tuiles étant configuré pour que, lorsque la partie mobile forme la sortie de la tuyère, au moins un tronçon de l’ensemble de tuiles forme une enveloppe continue entre la partie fixe et la sortie de la tuyère, les tuiles étant jointives deux à deux sur l’ensemble de ce tronçon, et pour qu’une surface interne de l’ensemble de tuiles présente une section de forme circulaire au niveau d’une section de sortie de la partie fixe. In one embodiment, the movable part comprises a set of tiles, in which each tile is movable in translation relative to the fixed part of the nozzle, between a retracted position corresponding to the retracted position of the movable part, and a corresponding deployed position in the deployed position of the movable part, the set of tiles being configured so that, when the movable part forms the outlet of the nozzle, at least one section of the set of tiles forms a continuous envelope between the fixed part and the outlet of the nozzle, the tiles being contiguous two by two over the whole of this section, and so that an internal surface of the set of tiles has a circular section at the level of an outlet section of the part fixed.
Dans une réalisation, l’ensemble de tuiles, est formé par une alternance de tuiles de deux types : In one embodiment, the set of tiles is formed by an alternation of tiles of two types:
- des tuiles d’un premier type, présentant une section transversale évolutive, de section croissante dans le sens d’éjection des gaz ; - des tuiles d’un deuxième type, présentant une section transversale évolutive, de section décroissante dans le sens d’éjection des gaz. - tiles of a first type, having an evolving cross section, of increasing section in the direction of gas ejection; - tiles of a second type, having an evolving cross section, of decreasing section in the direction of gas ejection.
Dans une réalisation, la surface interne de chaque tuile est confondue avec une portion de cylindre de révolution de diamètre correspondant au diamètre de la surface interne de l’ensemble de tuiles au niveau de la section de sortie de la partie fixe. In one embodiment, the internal surface of each tile is merged with a portion of a cylinder of revolution of diameter corresponding to the diameter of the internal surface of the set of tiles at the outlet section of the fixed part.
Dans une réalisation, l’ensemble de tuiles comporte un nombre égal de tuiles du premier type et de tuiles du deuxième type. In one embodiment, the set of tiles has an equal number of tiles of the first type and tiles of the second type.
Dans une réalisation, l’ensemble de tuiles comporte un nombre total de tuiles supérieur ou égal à 4, et par exemple compris entre 6 et 24. In one embodiment, the set of tiles comprises a total number of tiles greater than or equal to 4, and for example between 6 and 24.
Dans une réalisation, la tuyère comporte un système de rails pour assurer le guidage de l’ensemble de tuiles. In one embodiment, the nozzle comprises a system of rails for guiding the set of tiles.
Dans une réalisation, le système de rails comporte au moins un rail d’un premier type pour assurer le guidage d’une ou plusieurs tuiles du premier type et au moins un rail d’un deuxième type pour assurer le guidage d’une ou plusieurs tuiles du deuxième type. In one embodiment, the rail system comprises at least one rail of a first type for guiding one or more tiles of the first type and at least one rail of a second type for guiding one or more. tiles of the second type.
Dans une réalisation, le système de rails comporte un rail par tuile. In one embodiment, the rail system comprises one rail per tile.
Dans une réalisation, la tuyère comporte un système d’entrainement pour déplacer la partie mobile. In one embodiment, the nozzle comprises a drive system for moving the mobile part.
Dans une réalisation, le système d’entrainement comporte au moins un vérin d’un premier type pour assurer l’entrainement d’une ou plusieurs tuiles du premier type, et au moins un vérin d’un deuxième type pour assurer l’entrainement d’une ou plusieurs tuiles du deuxième type. In one embodiment, the drive system comprises at least one actuator of a first type to ensure the driving of one or more tiles of the first type, and at least one actuator of a second type to ensure the driving of 'one or more tiles of the second type.
Dans une réalisation, le système d’entrainement comporte un vérin par tuile. In one embodiment, the drive system comprises one cylinder per tile.
Dans une réalisation, chaque tuile comporte, sur chaque flanc, un dispositif de liaison coopérant avec un dispositif de liaison correspondant de la tuile adjacente pour former une liaison glissière. In one embodiment, each tile comprises, on each side, a connecting device cooperating with a corresponding connecting device of the adjacent tile to form a sliding connection.
L’invention concerne également un moteur comportant au moins une tuyère conforme à celle définie ci-dessus. The invention also relates to an engine comprising at least one nozzle conforming to that defined above.
L’invention concerne également une fusée comportant au moins un moteur tel que défini ci-dessus. The invention also relates to a rocket comprising at least one engine as defined above.
La présente invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description détaillée qui suit, faite en référence aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels : The present invention will be better understood on reading the following detailed description, given with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
- la figure 1 est un schéma représentant le profil d’une partie fixe d’une tuyère conforme à l’invention ; - la figure 2 est une vue de côté d’une tuyère conforme à l’invention, une demi-vue montrant la partie mobile de la tuyère dans sa position rétractée, l’autre demi-vue montrant la partie mobile dans sa position déployée ; - Figure 1 is a diagram showing the profile of a fixed part of a nozzle according to the invention; - Figure 2 is a side view of a nozzle according to the invention, a half-view showing the movable part of the nozzle in its retracted position, the other half-view showing the movable part in its deployed position;
- la figure 2a est une demi-vue en coupe des parties fixe et mobile de la tuyère de la figure 2, la partie mobile étant dans la position rétractée ; - Figure 2a is a half-sectional view of the fixed and movable parts of the nozzle of Figure 2, the movable part being in the retracted position;
- la figure 2b est une demi-vue en coupe des parties fixe et mobile de la tuyère de la figure 2, la partie mobile étant dans une position intermédiaire entre les positions rétractée et déployée ; - Figure 2b is a half-sectional view of the fixed and movable parts of the nozzle of Figure 2, the movable part being in an intermediate position between the retracted and deployed positions;
- la figure 2c est une demi-vue en coupe des parties fixe et mobile de la tuyère de la figure 2, la partie mobile étant dans la position déployée ; - Figure 2c is a half-sectional view of the fixed and movable parts of the nozzle of Figure 2, the movable part being in the deployed position;
- la figure 2d est une vue en section des parties fixe et mobile de la tuyère dans la configuration de la figure 2b, la section étant vue conformément au plan de coupe CC de la figure 2b ; - Figure 2d is a sectional view of the fixed and movable parts of the nozzle in the configuration of Figure 2b, the section being seen in accordance with the sectional plane CC of Figure 2b;
- la figure 2e est une vue de détail de la figure 2d ; - Figure 2e is a detail view of Figure 2d;
- la figure 3 est une vue de côté de la tuyère de la figure 2, dans sa position déployée ; - Figure 3 is a side view of the nozzle of Figure 2, in its deployed position;
- la figure 4 est une vue de face d’une tuile du premier type de la partie mobile. - Figure 4 is a front view of a tile of the first type of the movable part.
- la figure 5 est une vue de côté de la tuile de la figure 4 ; - Figure 5 is a side view of the tile of Figure 4;
- la figure 6 est une vue de dessous de la tuile de la figure 4 ; - Figure 6 is a bottom view of the tile of Figure 4;
- la figure 7 est une vue en perspective de la tuile de la figure 4 ; - Figure 7 is a perspective view of the tile of Figure 4;
- la figure 8 est une vue de face d’une tuile du deuxième type de la partie mobile ; - Figure 8 is a front view of a tile of the second type of the movable part;
- la figure 9 est une vue de côté de la tuile de la figure 8 ; - Figure 9 is a side view of the tile of Figure 8;
- la figure 10 est une vue de dessous de la tuile de la figure 8 ; - Figure 10 is a bottom view of the tile of Figure 8;
- la figure 11 est une vue en perspective de la tuile de la figure 8 ; - Figure 11 is a perspective view of the tile of Figure 8;
- la figure 12 est une vue de dessus de la partie fixe de la tuyère, dans une configuration à huit tuiles ; - Figure 12 is a top view of the fixed part of the nozzle, in a configuration with eight tiles;
- la figure 13 est une vue de côté de la partie fixe de la tuyère, dans une configuration à huit tuiles, le profil de la partie mobile en position rétractée étant représenté autour de la partie fixe ; FIG. 13 is a side view of the fixed part of the nozzle, in a configuration with eight tiles, the profile of the movable part in the retracted position being shown around the fixed part;
- la figure 14 est une vue de détail d’une tuile de la partie mobile de la tuyère ; - Figure 14 is a detail view of a tile of the movable part of the nozzle;
- la figure 15 est une vue en perspective de l’agencement de deux tuiles adjacentes ; - la figure 16 est une vue d’une fusée équipée d’une tuyère conforme à l’invention. - Figure 15 is a perspective view of the arrangement of two adjacent tiles; - Figure 16 is a view of a rocket equipped with a nozzle according to the invention.
On décrit ci-après, en relation avec les figures 1 à 3, l’architecture générale d’une tuyère 1 conforme à l’invention. The general architecture of a nozzle 1 according to the invention is described below with reference to Figures 1 to 3.
Conformément à l’invention, la tuyère 1 comporte une partie fixe 2 et une partie mobile 3. Comme visible sur la figure 2, qui consiste en deux demi-vues de la tuyère 1 , la partie mobile 3 est mobile par rapport à la partie fixe 2 entre une position rétractée, ou position rentrée, visible sur la moitié basse de la figure 2 (et sur la figure 2a), et une position déployée, ou position sortie, visible sur la moitié haute de la figure 2 (et sur la figure 2c). Entre ces deux positions extrêmes, la partie mobile 3 peut prendre une pluralité de positions intermédiaires, telle que la position représentée sur la figure 2b. According to the invention, the nozzle 1 comprises a fixed part 2 and a movable part 3. As can be seen in FIG. 2, which consists of two half-views of the nozzle 1, the movable part 3 is movable relative to the part. fixed 2 between a retracted position, or retracted position, visible on the lower half of Figure 2 (and in Figure 2a), and a deployed position, or extended position, visible on the upper half of Figure 2 (and on the figure 2c). Between these two extreme positions, the mobile part 3 can take a plurality of intermediate positions, such as the position shown in FIG. 2b.
Comme montré sur les figures 2 et 2a, la partie mobile 3 se situe, dans sa position rétractée, autour de la partie fixe 2, et se trouve positionnée de telle sorte que l’extrémité libre de la partie mobile 3, qui forme la section de sortie 30 de la partie mobile, se trouve en arrière (par rapport au sens d’éjection des gaz matérialisé sur la figure 1 par la flèche FG) OU au même niveau que l’extrémité libre de la partie fixe 2. Dans cette position, la section de sortie 10 de la tuyère 1 , qui constitue l’orifice d’éjection des gaz (c’est-à-dire la sortie de la tuyère), est formée par la section de sortie 20 de la partie fixe 2. As shown in Figures 2 and 2a, the movable part 3 is located, in its retracted position, around the fixed part 2, and is positioned such that the free end of the movable part 3, which forms the section outlet 30 of the moving part, is located behind (relative to the direction of gas ejection shown in Figure 1 by the arrow FG) OR at the same level as the free end of the fixed part 2. In this position , the outlet section 10 of the nozzle 1, which constitutes the gas ejection orifice (i.e. the outlet of the nozzle), is formed by the outlet section 20 of the fixed part 2.
Comme montré sur les figures 2 et 2c, la partie mobile 3 se situe, dans sa position déployée, au moins partiellement avancée par rapport à l’extrémité libre de la partie fixe 2, et se trouve positionnée de telle sorte que la section de sortie 30 de la partie mobile 3 se trouve dans le prolongement de la partie fixe 2 et forme ainsi la section de sortie 10 de la tuyère 1 , et donc l’orifice d’éjection des gaz de la tuyère. As shown in Figures 2 and 2c, the movable part 3 is located, in its deployed position, at least partially advanced with respect to the free end of the fixed part 2, and is positioned so that the outlet section 30 of the movable part 3 is located in the extension of the fixed part 2 and thus forms the outlet section 10 of the nozzle 1, and therefore the orifice for ejection of the gases from the nozzle.
Quelle que soit la position de la partie mobile 3, la section d’entrée 12 de la tuyère 1 est formée par la section d’entrée 22 de la partie fixe 2. Regardless of the position of the mobile part 3, the inlet section 12 of the nozzle 1 is formed by the inlet section 22 of the fixed part 2.
Comme montré sur la figure 2b, la partie mobile 3 se situe, dans toute position intermédiaire, entre les positions rétractée et déployée, partiellement avancée par rapport à l’extrémité libre de la partie fixe 2, et se trouve positionnée de telle sorte que la section de sortie 30 de la partie mobile 3 se trouve dans le prolongement de la partie fixe 2 et forme ainsi la section de sortie 10 de la tuyère 1 , et donc l’orifice d’éjection des gaz de la tuyère. As shown in Figure 2b, the movable part 3 is located, in any intermediate position, between the retracted and deployed positions, partially advanced with respect to the free end of the fixed part 2, and is positioned so that the outlet section 30 of the movable part 3 is located in the extension of the fixed part 2 and thus forms the outlet section 10 of the nozzle 1, and therefore the gas ejection orifice of the nozzle.
Quelle que soit la position de la partie mobile 3, celle-ci est configurée pour que sa section située au niveau de la section de sortie 20 de la partie fixe 2 présente une forme de section circulaire, de diamètre interne égal ou supérieur au diamètre extérieur de la partie fixe 2 au niveau de sa section de sortie 20. Avantageusement, la diamètre interne de la partie mobile 3 au niveau de la section de sortie 20 de la partie fixe 2 est égal au diamètre externe de cette dernière, ou présente une valeur très proche de ce diamètre externe, permettant d’assurer une étanchéité entre ces deux éléments suffisante pour éviter toute fuite des gaz éjectés durant le fonctionnement de la tuyère. Ainsi, comme montré sur la figure 2d, quelle que soit la position de la partie mobile 3, l’étanchéité entre les parties fixe 2 et mobile 3 est assurée par contact entre ces deux éléments. Dans l’exemple des figures, l’étanchéité est assurée par un ajustement serré entre les parties fixe 2 et mobile 3 au niveau de leur jonction. On pourra alternativement prévoir un élément d’étanchéité interposé entre la partie fixe et la partie mobile, au niveau de leur jonction. Whatever the position of the mobile part 3, it is configured so that its section located at the level of the output section 20 of the fixed part 2 has a shape of circular section, of internal diameter equal to or greater than the external diameter of the fixed part 2 at the level of its outlet section 20. Advantageously, the internal diameter of the movable part 3 at the level of the outlet section 20 of the fixed part 2 is equal to the external diameter of the latter, or has a value very close to this external diameter, making it possible to ensure a seal between these two elements sufficient to prevent any leakage of the gases ejected during the operation of the nozzle. Thus, as shown in FIG. 2d, whatever the position of the movable part 3, the seal between the fixed 2 and movable 3 parts is ensured by contact between these two elements. In the example of the figures, the seal is ensured by a tight fit between the fixed 2 and mobile 3 parts at their junction. Alternatively, a sealing element can be provided interposed between the fixed part and the movable part, at their junction.
Comme montré sur la figure 1 , la partie fixe 2 présente dans l’exemple une forme de tuyère conventionnelle, sa surface interne étant une surface de révolution d’axe X. La partie fixe 2 comporte, dans le sens de l’éjection des gaz : un convergent 24, un col 26, et un divergent 28 dont l’extrémité libre forme la section de sortie 20. La section de sortie 20 de la partie fixe 2 présente une forme circulaire de rayon A. As shown in FIG. 1, the fixed part 2 has in the example a form of conventional nozzle, its internal surface being a surface of revolution of axis X. The fixed part 2 comprises, in the direction of the ejection of the gases : a convergent 24, a neck 26, and a divergent 28 whose free end forms the outlet section 20. The outlet section 20 of the fixed part 2 has a circular shape of radius A.
Comme montré sur les figures 2 et 3, la partie mobile est dans l’exemple réalisée au moyen d’un assemblage d’éléments, ou tuiles 32, 34, mobiles en translation. Dans l’exemple, l’ensemble de tuiles 32, 34 est formé par une alternance d’éléments 32, 34 de deux types : As shown in Figures 2 and 3, the mobile part is in the example produced by means of an assembly of elements, or tiles 32, 34, movable in translation. In the example, the set of tiles 32, 34 is formed by an alternation of elements 32, 34 of two types:
- des tuiles d’un premier type 32 ; et - tiles of a first type 32; and
- des tuiles d’un deuxième type 34. - tiles of a second type 34.
Chaque tuile 32, 34 présente une section évolutive. La section des tuiles du premier type 32 est croissante dans le sens de l’éjection des gaz, tandis que la section des tuiles du deuxième type 34 est décroissante dans le sens de l’éjection des gaz. Ainsi, comme visible sur la figure 2, les tuiles sont disposées de sorte que la section des tuiles du premier type 32 la plus importante se trouve du côté de la section de sortie 30 de la partie mobile 3, la section la plus importante des tuiles du deuxième type 34 se trouvant du côté opposé. Dans l’exemple des figures, la forme des tuiles 32, 34 est telle que la projection du contour de leur surface externe sur un plan diamétral orthogonal au plan radial médian de chaque tuile est de forme triangulaire. Ainsi, les tuiles 32, 34 présentent une forme générale de triangle, ces triangles étant disposés en sens inverse deux à deux. Each tile 32, 34 has an evolving section. The section of the tiles of the first type 32 is increasing in the direction of the ejection of the gases, while the section of the tiles of the second type 34 is decreasing in the direction of the ejection of the gases. Thus, as visible in figure 2, the tiles are arranged so that the section of the tiles of the first type 32 the largest is on the side of the outlet section 30 of the movable part 3, the largest section of the tiles. of the second type 34 located on the opposite side. In the example of the figures, the shape of the tiles 32, 34 is such that the projection of the contour of their external surface on a diametral plane orthogonal to the median radial plane of each tile is triangular in shape. Thus, tiles 32, 34 have the general shape of a triangle, these triangles being arranged in opposite directions two by two.
La partie mobile 3 comporte un nombre égal de tuiles de chaque type, et comporte dans l’exemple des figures 1 à 11 et 14 à 15 un total de douze tuiles, soit six tuiles 32, 34 de chaque type. Les figures 12 et 13 montrent une partie fixe prévue pour un ensemble de tuiles comportant huit tuiles au total. Le nombre total de tuiles de l’ensemble de tuiles sera au moins égal à 4, et notamment compris entre 6 et 24. On pourra par exemple prévoir un ensemble de tuiles comportant par exemple 6, 8, 10, ou 12 tuiles. The mobile part 3 has an equal number of tiles of each type, and in the example of Figures 1 to 11 and 14 to 15 comprises a total of twelve tiles, or six tiles 32, 34 of each type. Figures 12 and 13 show a fixed part intended for a set of tiles comprising eight tiles in total. The total number of tiles in the set of tiles will be at least equal to 4, and in particular between 6 and 24. It is possible, for example, to provide a set of tiles comprising for example 6, 8, 10 or 12 tiles.
Comme visible sur les figures 2 et 2a, les tuiles du premier type 32 et les tuiles du deuxième type 34 sont configurées pour former, dans la position rétractée de la partie mobile 3, un ensemble entourant la partie fixe 2, et dont la surface interne présente une forme s’élargissant dans le sens de l’éjection des gaz. As visible in Figures 2 and 2a, the tiles of the first type 32 and the tiles of the second type 34 are configured to form, in the retracted position of the movable part 3, an assembly surrounding the fixed part 2, and whose internal surface has a shape widening in the direction of gas ejection.
Dans la position déployée de la partie mobile 3, visible notamment sur les figures 3 et 2c, les tuiles 32, 34 forment un ensemble présentant, au niveau de la section de sortie 20 de la partie fixe, une section de forme circulaire, dont le diamètre est égal ou supérieur au diamètre externe de la partie fixe 2 au niveau de la section de sortie 20, et prévu pour empêcher toute fuite de gaz d’éjection entre les deux éléments lors du fonctionnement de la tuyère. In the deployed position of the movable part 3, visible in particular in FIGS. 3 and 2c, the tiles 32, 34 form an assembly having, at the level of the outlet section 20 of the fixed part, a circular section, of which the diameter is equal to or greater than the external diameter of the fixed part 2 at the outlet section 20, and provided to prevent any escape of ejection gas between the two elements during operation of the nozzle.
Les tuiles 32, 34 de l’ensemble de tuiles sont agencées pour que, lorsque la partie mobile 3 est dans une position dans laquelle elle forme la sortie de la tuyère 1 , au moins un tronçon 31 de l’ensemble de tuiles, situé entre la section de sortie 20 de la partie fixe 2 et la section de sortie 30 de la partie mobile, présente une surface interne continue, de section circulaire au niveau de la section de sortie 20 de la partie fixe 2. The tiles 32, 34 of the set of tiles are arranged so that, when the movable part 3 is in a position in which it forms the outlet of the nozzle 1, at least one section 31 of the set of tiles, located between the outlet section 20 of the fixed part 2 and the outlet section 30 of the movable part, has a continuous internal surface, of circular section at the level of the outlet section 20 of the fixed part 2.
Le passage de la position rétractée à la position déployée, ou à toute position intermédiaire, de la partie mobile 3 s’obtient par coulissement des tuiles 32, 34, au moyen d’un système de rails 4. Le système de rails 4 comporte dans l’exemple une pluralité de rails 40, 42 incluant : The passage from the retracted position to the deployed position, or to any intermediate position, of the mobile part 3 is obtained by sliding the tiles 32, 34, by means of a rail system 4. The rail system 4 comprises in example a plurality of rails 40, 42 including:
- des rails d’un premier type 40, configurés pour coopérer avec les tuiles du premier type 32 ; - rails of a first type 40, configured to cooperate with the tiles of the first type 32;
- des rails d’un deuxième type 42, configurés pour coopérer avec les tuiles du deuxième type 34. - rails of a second type 42, configured to cooperate with the tiles of the second type 34.
De préférence, le système de rails 4 comporte autant de rails de chaque type. Dans l’exemple, le système de rails 4 comporte un rail par tuile 32, 34, et comporte donc douze rails au total, soit six rails du premier type 40 et six rails du deuxième type 42. Preferably, the rail system 4 comprises as many rails of each type. In the example, the rail system 4 comprises one rail per tile 32, 34, and therefore comprises twelve rails in total, ie six rails of the first type 40 and six rails of the second type 42.
Chacun des rails 40, 42 du système de rails 4 est, dans l’exemple des figures, de forme rectiligne, et orienté selon une direction parallèle à la direction tangente au profil du divergent 28 au niveau de la section de sortie 20 de la partie fixe 2 (cf. figure 1 , droite tangente T). Each of the rails 40, 42 of the rail system 4 is, in the example of the figures, of rectilinear shape, and oriented in a direction parallel to the direction tangent to the profile of the divergent 28 at the level of the outlet section 20 of the part. fixed 2 (cf. figure 1, tangent line T).
Afin d’entrainer la partie mobile d’une position à une autre, la tuyère 1 comporte un système d’entrainement 5 de la partie mobile 3, comportant dans l’exemple une pluralité de vérins 50, 52 incluant : In order to drive the movable part from one position to another, the nozzle 1 comprises a drive system 5 of the movable part 3, comprising in the example a plurality of jacks 50, 52 including:
- des vérins d’un premier type 50, configurés pour entraîner les tuiles du premier type 32 ; - cylinders of a first type 50, configured to drive the tiles of the first type 32;
- des vérins d’un deuxième type 52, configurés pour entraîner les tuiles du deuxième type 34. - jacks of a second type 52, configured to drive the tiles of the second type 34.
De préférence, le système d’entrainement 5 de la partie mobile 3 comporte autant de vérins 50, 52 de chaque type. Dans l’exemple, le système d’entrainement 5 comporte un vérin 50, 52 par tuile 32, 34, et comporte donc douze vérins 50, 52 au total, soit six vérins du premier type 50 et six vérins du deuxième type 52 (certains vérins n’étant pas représentés sur la figure 3 pour des raisons de clarté). Preferably, the drive system 5 of the mobile part 3 comprises as many jacks 50, 52 of each type. In the example, the drive system 5 comprises one jack 50, 52 per tile 32, 34, and therefore comprises twelve jacks 50, 52 in total, i.e. six jacks of the first type 50 and six jacks of the second type 52 (some jacks not shown in Figure 3 for reasons of clarity).
On décrit ci-après un mode de réalisation des tuiles 32, 34 que comporte la partie mobile 3 de la tuyère 1 , en relation notamment avec les figures 4 à 7 et les figures 8 à 11 . An embodiment of the tiles 32, 34 included in the movable part 3 of the nozzle 1 is described below, in particular in relation to FIGS. 4 to 7 and FIGS. 8 to 11.
Les figures 4 à 7 représentent différentes vues d’un exemple de réalisation d’une tuile du premier type 32. Figures 4 to 7 show different views of an exemplary embodiment of a tile of the first type 32.
Chaque tuile du premier type 32 présente une extrémité avant 320 et une extrémité arrière 322. L’extrémité avant 320 de chaque tuile du premier type 32 forme une partie de l’extrémité de sortie de la partie mobile 3 dans sa position rétractée. Comme représenté sur la figure 6 qui représente une section transversale d’une tuile du premier type 32, la face interne 324 de chaque tuile du premier type 32 est confondue avec une portion de cylindre de révolution de rayon identique à celui de la section de sortie de la partie fixe (rayon A). Chaque tuile du premier type 32 comporte sur sa face externe 326 une attache de vérin 328, située par exemple environ à mi-longueur de la tuile. L’attache de vérin 328 permet de fixer la tige du vérin 50 prévu pour entraîner la tuile en mouvement. Par ailleurs, chaque tuile du premier type 32 comporte, sur sa face interne 324, un dispositif de liaison au rail 40 correspondant, tel qu’un coulisseau 330. On a représenté un seul coulisseau 330, mais plusieurs coulisseaux peuvent être prévus. Les bords latéraux de chaque tuile du premier type 32 comportent un dispositif de liaison aux tuiles adjacentes (qui sont donc des tuiles du deuxième type 34), dans l’exemple sous la forme d’une rainure 332 conformée pour coopérer avec un tenon de forme complémentaire présent sur chaque tuile du deuxième type 34, qui est décrit plus en détail ci-après. Each tile of the first type 32 has a front end 320 and a rear end 322. The front end 320 of each tile of the first type 32 forms part of the outlet end of the movable part 3 in its retracted position. As shown in FIG. 6 which represents a cross section of a tile of the first type 32, the internal face 324 of each tile of the first type 32 coincides with a portion of a cylinder of revolution of radius identical to that of the outlet section. of the fixed part (radius A). Each tile of the first type 32 comprises on its outer face 326 a jack attachment 328, located for example approximately halfway along the tile. The actuator clip 328 makes it possible to fix the rod of the actuator 50 provided to drive the tile in motion. Furthermore, each tile of the first type 32 comprises, on its internal face 324, a device for connecting to the corresponding rail 40, such as a slide 330. We have shown a single slide 330, but several slides can be provided. The lateral edges of each tile of the first type 32 comprise a device for connecting to the adjacent tiles (which are therefore tiles of the second type 34), in the example in the form of a groove 332 shaped to cooperate with a tenon of form complementary present on each tile of the second type 34, which is described in more detail below.
Les figures 8 à 11 représentent différentes vues d’un exemple de réalisation d’une tuile du deuxième type 34. Figures 8 to 11 show different views of an exemplary embodiment of a tile of the second type 34.
Chaque tuile du deuxième type 34 présente une extrémité avant 340 et une extrémité arrière 342. L’extrémité avant 340 de chaque tuile du deuxième type 34 forme une partie de l’extrémité de sortie de la partie mobile 3 dans sa position rétractée. Comme visible sur la figure 10 qui représente une section transversale d’une tuile du deuxième type 34, la face interne 344 de chaque tuile du deuxième type 34 est confondue avec une portion de cylindre de révolution, de rayon identique à celui de la section de sortie de la partie fixe (rayon A). En outre, afin que les différentes tuiles 32, 34 puissent être jointives lorsque la partie mobile 3 est en position rétractée, chaque tuile du deuxième type 34 présente des flancs en biseau, orientés selon une direction radiale par rapport à un cercle de centre C inscrit dans la surface interne de l’ensemble de tuiles 32, 34 au niveau de l’extrémité arrière de la partie mobile 3 en position rétractée (c’est-à-dire l’extrémité opposée à la section de sortie 30 de la partie mobile 3). Chaque tuile du deuxième type 34 comporte sur sa face externe 346 une attache de vérin 348, située dans l’exemple à proximité de l’extrémité arrière 342. L’attache de vérin 348 permet de fixer la tige du vérin 52 prévu pour entraîner la tuile en mouvement. Par ailleurs, chaque tuile du deuxième type 34 comporte, sur sa face interne 344, un dispositif de liaison au rail 42 correspondant, tel qu’un coulisseau 350. On a représenté un seul coulisseau 350 par tuile, mais plusieurs coulisseaux peuvent être prévus. Les bords latéraux de chaque tuile du deuxième type 34 comportent un dispositif de liaison aux tuiles adjacentes (qui sont donc des tuiles du premier type 32), dans l’exemple sous la forme d’un tenon 352 conformé pour coopérer avec l’une des rainures 332 de forme complémentaire présentes sur chaque tuile du premier type 32. Les rainures 332 et les tenons 352 présentent des formes complémentaires permettant de former une liaison glissière, comme visible sur la figure 15 et sur la figure 2e. Dans l’exemple, chaque rainure 332 présente en section une partie élargie, de forme circulaire, et une partie rétrécie, et chaque tenon 352 présente en section une forme complémentaire. Toute forme permettant de réaliser une liaison glissière, comme par exemple une forme en queue d’aronde, peut alternativement être mise en oeuvre. Each tile of the second type 34 has a front end 340 and a rear end 342. The front end 340 of each tile of the second type 34 forms part of the outlet end of the movable part 3 in its retracted position. As can be seen in FIG. 10 which represents a cross section of a tile of the second type 34, the internal face 344 of each tile of the second type 34 coincides with a portion of a cylinder of revolution, of radius identical to that of the cross section. exit of the fixed part (radius A). In addition, so that the different tiles 32, 34 can be contiguous when the movable part 3 is in the retracted position, each tile of the second type 34 has bevelled sides, oriented in a radial direction with respect to a circle of center C inscribed in the internal surface of the set of tiles 32, 34 at the rear end of the movable part 3 in the retracted position (i.e. the end opposite the outlet section 30 of the movable part 3). Each tile of the second type 34 has on its external face 346 a jack attachment 348, located in the example near the rear end 342. The jack attachment 348 makes it possible to fix the rod of the jack 52 provided to drive the cylinder. moving tile. Furthermore, each tile of the second type 34 comprises, on its internal face 344, a device for connecting to the corresponding rail 42, such as a slide 350. A single slide 350 has been shown per tile, but several slides can be provided. The lateral edges of each tile of the second type 34 comprise a device for connecting to the adjacent tiles (which are therefore tiles of the first type 32), in the example in the form of a tenon 352 shaped to cooperate with one of the tiles. grooves 332 of complementary shape present on each tile of the first type 32. The grooves 332 and the tenons 352 have complementary shapes making it possible to form a sliding connection, as can be seen in FIG. 15 and in FIG. 2e. In the example, each groove 332 has in section an enlarged part, of circular shape, and a narrowed part, and each tenon 352 has in section a complementary form. Any shape making it possible to produce a sliding connection, such as for example a dovetail shape, can alternatively be implemented.
On décrit ci-après, en relation avec les figures 1 à 3, la géométrie et la cinématique de la partie mobile 3 de la tuyère 1 . The geometry and kinematics of the movable part 3 of the nozzle 1 are described below in relation with FIGS. 1 to 3.
Comme mentionné plus haut, le déplacement des tuiles 32, 34 formant la partie mobile 3 est réalisé selon une direction parallèle à la tangente au profil de la partie fixe 2 au niveau de sa section de sortie. On a représenté sur la figure 1 les droites tangentes au niveau des points E et F. L’orientation des tangentes T correspond à l’orientation des rails 40, 42 du système de rails 4. Les tangentes T sont sécantes en un point D, le triangle DEF étant par conséquent isocèle. La configuration des tuiles 32, 34 de la partie mobile implique que la course de l’ensemble des tuiles 32, 34 d’un même type est identique. Par ailleurs, la course des tuiles du premier type 32 entre les positions rétractée et déployée est inférieure à celle des tuiles du deuxième type 34. Comme montré sur les figures 2, 2a, 2b, 2c et 3, les tuiles du deuxième type 34 doivent couvrir une distance plus importante que les tuiles du premier type 32 pour passer d’une position extrême à l’autre, et inversement. Dans l’exemple des figures, pour passer d’une position extrême à l’autre, les tuiles du deuxième type 34 doivent parcourir un chemin deux fois plus long que les tuiles du premier type 32. Cette différence de course implique une différence de longueur des rails 40, 42 de guidage des tuiles 32, 34. Dans l’exemple, la longueur des rails 42 assurant le guidage des tuiles du deuxième type 34 est deux fois plus importante que celle des rails 40 assurant le guidage des tuiles du premier type 32. Avantageusement, la longueur des rails du deuxième type 42 est au moins égale à la moitié du côté du triangle DEF, soit à la longueur des segments GE et HF. Avantageusement encore, la longueur des rails du premier type 40 est au moins égale au quart du côté du triangle DEF, soit à la moitié de la longueur des segments GE et HF. Une telle configuration aboutit à une différence entre le rayon A de la section de sortie 20 de la partie fixe 2 et le rayon B du cercle inscrit dans la surface interne de l’ensemble de tuiles 32, 34 au niveau de la section de sortie 30 de la partie mobile 3 (en position déployée, cf. figures 1 et 3) de 25%, ce qui correspond à une augmentation de 56,25% environ de l’aire de la section de sortie. As mentioned above, the movement of the tiles 32, 34 forming the movable part 3 is carried out in a direction parallel to the tangent to the profile of the fixed part 2 at its outlet section. FIG. 1 shows the tangent straight lines at points E and F. The orientation of the tangents T corresponds to the orientation of the rails 40, 42 of the rail system 4. The tangents T intersect at a point D, the triangle DEF being therefore isosceles. The configuration of the tiles 32, 34 of the movable part implies that the course of all the tiles 32, 34 of the same type is identical. Furthermore, the stroke of the tiles of the first type 32 between the retracted and deployed positions is less than that of the tiles of the second type 34. As shown in Figures 2, 2a, 2b, 2c and 3, the tiles of the second type 34 must cover a greater distance than the tiles of the first type 32 to move from one extreme position to another, and vice versa. In the example of the figures, to go from one extreme position to the other, the tiles of the second type 34 must travel a path twice as long as the tiles of the first type 32. This difference in travel implies a difference in length. rails 40, 42 for guiding the tiles 32, 34. In the example, the length of the rails 42 for guiding the tiles of the second type 34 is twice that of the rails 40 for guiding the tiles of the first type 32. Advantageously, the length of the rails of the second type 42 is at least equal to half of the side of the triangle DEF, ie the length of the segments GE and HF. Again advantageously, the length of the rails of the first type 40 is at least equal to a quarter of the side of the triangle DEF, ie half the length of the segments GE and HF. Such a configuration results in a difference between the radius A of the outlet section 20 of the fixed part 2 and the radius B of the circle inscribed in the internal surface of the set of tiles 32, 34 at the level of the outlet section 30. of the mobile part 3 (in the deployed position, see Figures 1 and 3) by 25%, which corresponds to an increase of approximately 56.25% in the area of the outlet section.
La figure 16 représente une fusée 100 comportant un moteur (non visible) équipé d’une tuyère 1 conforme à l’invention. Dans l’exemple, le système d’entrainement 5 de la partie mobile est fixé à un élément fixe du moteur ou de la structure de la fusée 100. FIG. 16 represents a rocket 100 comprising an engine (not visible) equipped with a nozzle 1 in accordance with the invention. In the example, the system drive 5 of the movable part is fixed to a fixed element of the engine or of the structure of the rocket 100.
L’invention décrite ci-dessus permet d’adapter la tuyère sur une large plage d’altitudes, de façon continue, tout en restant au plus près du profil idéal de la tuyère, du point vue de l’écoulement des fluides notamment. En particulier, l’invention évite la perte de 20 à 30 % de poussée au décollage que l’on observe sur une tuyère conventionnelle. L’invention permet donc d’augmenter significativement la charge utile, diminuant de même le coût, ramené à la masse, d’envoi de charge utile en orbite. L’invention peut également permettre de limiter l’utilisation de boosters, considérés comme polluants et coûteux. The invention described above makes it possible to adapt the nozzle over a wide range of altitudes, continuously, while remaining as close as possible to the ideal profile of the nozzle, particularly from the point of view of the flow of fluids. In particular, the invention avoids the loss of 20 to 30% of take-off thrust that is observed on a conventional nozzle. The invention therefore makes it possible to significantly increase the payload, while also reducing the cost, reduced to the mass, of sending the payload into orbit. The invention can also make it possible to limit the use of boosters, which are considered to be polluting and expensive.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Tuyère (1) de moteur-fusée à section de sortie variable, la tuyère comportant : 1. Rocket engine nozzle (1) with variable outlet section, the nozzle comprising:
- une partie fixe (2) ; et - a fixed part (2); and
- une partie mobile (3), mobile entre une position rétractée, dans laquelle la partie mobile (3) entoure la partie fixe (2), et dans laquelle la partie fixe (2) forme l’entrée et la sortie de la tuyère (1 ), et une position déployée, dans laquelle la partie fixe (2) forme l’entrée de la tuyère et la partie mobile (3) forme la sortie de la tuyère (1 ) ; la partie mobile (3) étant configurée pour que sa section de sortie (30) augmente lorsque la partie mobile (3) se déplace de la position rétractée vers la position déployée, et pour que, lorsque la partie mobile (3) forme la sortie de la tuyère (1), l’étanchéité entre la partie fixe (2) et la partie mobile (3) au niveau de leur jonction permette d’éviter toute fuite des gaz éjectés durant le fonctionnement de la tuyère. - a movable part (3), movable between a retracted position, in which the movable part (3) surrounds the fixed part (2), and in which the fixed part (2) forms the inlet and the outlet of the nozzle ( 1), and a deployed position, in which the fixed part (2) forms the inlet of the nozzle and the movable part (3) forms the outlet of the nozzle (1); the movable part (3) being configured so that its outlet section (30) increases when the movable part (3) moves from the retracted position to the deployed position, and so that when the movable part (3) forms the outlet of the nozzle (1), the seal between the fixed part (2) and the moving part (3) at their junction makes it possible to prevent any leakage of the gases ejected during the operation of the nozzle.
2. Tuyère selon la revendication précédente, dans laquelle la partie mobile (3) comporte un ensemble de tuiles (32, 34) dans lequel chaque tuile (32, 34) est mobile en translation par rapport à la partie fixe de la tuyère (2), entre une position rétractée correspondant à la position rétractée de la partie mobile (3), et une position déployée correspondant à la position déployée de la partie mobile (3), l’ensemble de tuiles étant configuré pour que, lorsque la partie mobile (3) forme la sortie de la tuyère (1 ), au moins un tronçon (31 ) de l’ensemble de tuiles forme une enveloppe continue entre la partie fixe (2) et la sortie de la tuyère (1 ), les tuiles étant jointives deux à deux sur l’ensemble de ce tronçon (31 ), et pour qu’une surface interne de l’ensemble de tuiles présente une section de forme circulaire au niveau d’une section de sortie de la partie fixe (2). 2. Nozzle according to the preceding claim, wherein the movable part (3) comprises a set of tiles (32, 34) in which each tile (32, 34) is movable in translation relative to the fixed part of the nozzle (2 ), between a retracted position corresponding to the retracted position of the movable part (3), and an extended position corresponding to the deployed position of the movable part (3), the set of tiles being configured so that, when the movable part (3) forms the outlet of the nozzle (1), at least one section (31) of the set of tiles forms a continuous envelope between the fixed part (2) and the outlet of the nozzle (1), the tiles being contiguous two by two over the whole of this section (31), and so that an internal surface of the set of tiles has a circular section at the level of an outlet section of the fixed part (2).
3. Tuyère (1 ) selon la revendication précédente, dans laquelle l’ensemble de tuiles (32, 34) est formé par une alternance de tuiles de deux types : des tuiles d’un premier type (32), présentant une section transversale évolutive, de section croissante dans le sens d’éjection des gaz ; des tuiles d’un deuxième type (34), présentant une section transversale évolutive, de section décroissante dans le sens d’éjection des gaz. 3. Nozzle (1) according to the preceding claim, wherein the set of tiles (32, 34) is formed by an alternation of tiles of two types: tiles of a first type (32), having an evolving cross section. , of increasing section in the direction of gas ejection; tiles of a second type (34), having an evolving cross section, of decreasing section in the direction of gas ejection.
4. Tuyère selon la revendication 2 ou 3, dans laquelle la surface interne de chaque tuile (32, 34) est confondue avec une portion de cylindre de révolution de diamètre correspondant au diamètre de la surface interne de l’ensemble de tuiles au niveau de la section de sortie (20) de la partie fixe (2). 4. Nozzle according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the internal surface of each tile (32, 34) coincides with a cylinder portion of revolution of diameter corresponding to the diameter of the internal surface of the set of tiles at the level of the outlet section (20) of the fixed part (2).
5. Tuyère selon l’une des revendications 3 et 4, dans lequel l’ensemble de tuiles (32, 34) comporte un nombre égal de tuiles du premier type (32) et de tuiles du deuxième type (34). 5. Nozzle according to one of claims 3 and 4, wherein the set of tiles (32, 34) comprises an equal number of tiles of the first type (32) and tiles of the second type (34).
6. Tuyère selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel l’ensemble de tuiles (32, 34) comporte un nombre total de tuiles supérieur ou égal à 4, et par exemple compris entre 4 et 24. 6. Nozzle according to the preceding claim, wherein the set of tiles (32, 34) comprises a total number of tiles greater than or equal to 4, and for example between 4 and 24.
7. Tuyère selon l’une des revendications 2 à 6, comportant un système de rails (4) pour assurer le guidage de l’ensemble de tuiles (32, 34). 7. Nozzle according to one of claims 2 to 6, comprising a rail system (4) for guiding the set of tiles (32, 34).
8. Tuyère selon la revendication précédente, en combinaison avec la revendication 3, dans laquelle le système de rails (4) comporte au moins un rail d’un premier type (40) pour assurer le guidage d’une ou plusieurs tuiles du premier type (32) et au moins un rail d’un deuxième type (42) pour assurer le guidage d’une ou plusieurs tuiles du deuxième type (34). 8. Nozzle according to the preceding claim, in combination with claim 3, wherein the rail system (4) comprises at least one rail of a first type (40) for guiding one or more tiles of the first type. (32) and at least one rail of a second type (42) for guiding one or more tiles of the second type (34).
9. Tuyère selon l’une des revendications 7 et 8, dans lequel le système de rails (4) comporte un rail (40, 42) par tuile (32, 34). 9. Nozzle according to one of claims 7 and 8, wherein the rail system (4) comprises one rail (40, 42) per tile (32, 34).
10. Tuyère selon l’une des revendications précédentes, comportant un système d’entrainement (5) pour déplacer la partie mobile (3). 10. Nozzle according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a drive system (5) for moving the movable part (3).
11. Tuyère selon la revendication précédente, en combinaison avec l’une des revendications 2 à 9, dans laquelle le système d’entrainement (5) comporte au moins un vérin d’un premier type (50) pour assurer l’entrainement d’une ou plusieurs tuiles du premier type (32) et au moins un vérin d’un deuxième type (52) pour assurer l’entrainement d’une ou plusieurs tuiles du deuxième type (34). 11. Nozzle according to the preceding claim, in combination with one of claims 2 to 9, wherein the drive system (5) comprises at least one cylinder of a first type (50) to ensure the drive of one or more tiles of the first type (32) and at least one actuator of a second type (52) for driving one or more tiles of the second type (34).
12. Tuyère selon la revendication précédente, dans laquelle le système d’entrainement (5) comporte un vérin (50, 52) par tuile (32, 34). 12. Nozzle according to the preceding claim, wherein the drive system (5) comprises one cylinder (50, 52) per tile (32, 34).
13. Tuyère selon l’une des revendications 2 à 12, dans lequel chaque tuile (32, 34) comporte, sur chaque flanc, un dispositif de liaison (332, 352) coopérant avec un dispositif de liaison (352, 332) correspondant de la tuile adjacente pour former une liaison glissière. 13. Nozzle according to one of claims 2 to 12, wherein each tile (32, 34) comprises, on each side, a connecting device (332, 352) cooperating with a connecting device (352, 332) corresponding to the adjacent tile to form a sliding link.
14. Moteur comportant au moins une tuyère (1) conforme à l’une des revendications précédentes. 14. Engine comprising at least one nozzle (1) according to one of the preceding claims.
15. Fusée (100) comportant au moins un moteur conforme à la revendication précédente. 15. Rocket (100) comprising at least one engine according to the preceding claim.
EP20845574.1A 2020-01-08 2020-12-30 Nozzle with variable outlet cross-section for rocket engine and rocket engine comprising such a nozzle Pending EP4088015A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR2000136A FR3105994B1 (en) 2020-01-08 2020-01-08 Nozzle with variable outlet section for a rocket engine and rocket engine comprising such a nozzle
PCT/EP2020/088059 WO2021140053A1 (en) 2020-01-08 2020-12-30 Nozzle with variable outlet cross-section for rocket engine and rocket engine comprising such a nozzle

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4088015A1 true EP4088015A1 (en) 2022-11-16

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20845574.1A Pending EP4088015A1 (en) 2020-01-08 2020-12-30 Nozzle with variable outlet cross-section for rocket engine and rocket engine comprising such a nozzle

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4088015A1 (en)
FR (1) FR3105994B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2021140053A1 (en)

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2422831A1 (en) * 1978-02-03 1979-11-09 Aerospatiale DEPLOYABLE DIVERGENT THRUSTER TUBE
JPS5851149B2 (en) * 1979-10-31 1983-11-15 航空宇宙技術研究所長 Deployment nozzle
JPS6050259A (en) * 1983-08-29 1985-03-19 Nissan Motor Co Ltd Nozzle structure in rocket motor
JPH0491355A (en) * 1990-08-02 1992-03-24 Masahiro Takano Extending/spreading rocket nozzle

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FR3105994B1 (en) 2024-05-31
FR3105994A1 (en) 2021-07-09

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