EP3971361B1 - Loam panel - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a clay wall panel with a flat wooden framework made of a plurality of wooden slats crossing each other and connected to each other at the crossing points and a plurality of clay components arranged between the wooden slats.

Clay has been used to build houses all over the world for thousands of years. There is a long tradition of clay building in Central and Northern Europe in particular, where clay components either take on load-bearing functions, e.g. walls in clay brick masonry, rammed earth construction or corrugated construction, or are used to enclose rooms, e.g. infills in timber-framed construction, wall facings or non-load-bearing interior walls. In the 20th century, clay as a building material in Europe was largely replaced by other industrially manufactured building materials and with it the knowledge of the material and the craftsmanship involved in processing it. In recent years, clay has been rediscovered in architecture due to its extremely low primary energy requirements and its good material properties. The advantages of clay are its sustainability as a building material made from renewable raw materials with good regional availability, its recyclability and its very good building physics, building biology and room climate properties. Due to its sorption capacity, clay balances out the humidity in the air, absorbs pollutants and odors and, depending on the thickness of the material, has comparatively good heat-storing, sound-insulating and acoustic properties.

The largest area of application for clay in construction is currently clay plasters and clay paints. Clay paints and clay plasters up to 3 mm cannot usually take advantage of the special properties of clay, such as heat storage and regulation of air humidity, due to their small thickness. In order to increase the degree of prefabrication, enable easier processing and achieve the appropriate building-physically effective layer thickness, the product "clay building board" was introduced to the market in recent years. Clay building boards are made from construction clay and usually contain additives such as aggregates, brick dust, expanded clay, plant parts or fibers or chopped chemically untreated wood in order to reduce the weight of the boards and stabilize the board in its structure. Clay boards can be used in The core or surface can be reinforced with rods, mats, grids or fabrics. Commercially available clay drywall panels are used in interior construction, for example for the planking or cladding of interior walls, such as stud constructions or suitable flat substructures. They combine clay plaster and building board in one product and only need to be filled over to achieve surface finish, usually with clay plaster.

However, clay building boards cannot have a static stiffening effect. The technical data sheet TM 075 regulates in section 4.1 that clay boards are not used to stiffen components, e.g. walls, partition walls, roof trusses, etc. A test of the elastic modulus and the shear strength (hole bearing failure) can therefore be omitted and there are no minimum requirements. Therefore, in the case of walls with a required stiffening effect, an additional substructure is always required, e.g. made of wood-based panels, to which the clay building boards are then additionally attached. The disadvantage of these construction methods is that the wall or wall panel in the timber construction using clay does not take into account the performance of the two materials (static and building physics) in an integrated manner.

From the EN 10 2005 033 834 A1 A timber stud wall with several wooden studs arranged at a distance from each other and a brick lining of the fields between the wooden studs 1 is known. Each wooden stud has a vertical retaining strip on its side facing the adjacent field, which can be designed as a triangular strip and nailed to the associated wooden stud. The bricks forming the lining are preferably clay bricks or clay bricks. Each brick, which is designed as a clay brick or clay brick, for example, extends over the entire width of the field between the wooden studs 1 arranged at a distance from each other.

The DE 42 15 081 A1 describes a clay wall element and a method for its manufacture. The clay wall element has a supporting frame and a filling made of lightweight clay that at least partially embeds it. The supporting frame has a stiffener and at least two parallel, equally long posts that are arranged as far apart as possible from each other, connected to each other crosswise via the stiffener. are connected in a pressure- and tension-resistant manner and have dowel holes at their ends, which are arranged at a predetermined grid spacing. The filling has a circumferential groove, which consists of an upper groove for receiving a frame, a lower groove for receiving a threshold and identical side grooves. The ends of the posts protrude slightly from the bottom of the lower and upper grooves, so that the filling has no load-bearing function.

The DE 44 22 605 A1 describes a wall that is at least partially prefabricated and intended for a house, in particular a residential house. The wall is constructed from a framework with a threshold, posts, bars and frames. In addition, at least one compartment is provided with a strut. The framework is provided on both sides with a cladding made of boards that are firmly connected to the parts that form the framework. The boards of the cladding run vertically between the threshold and the frame. On the inside, wooden slats are attached horizontally to the cladding, between which panels made of pumice, aerated concrete or clay are arranged. These are covered by plasterboard as cladding. Various designs can be selected for the outside. When designed as an interior wall, in addition to the planking with the boards that form the cladding, cladding only with plasterboard is provided. The aforementioned wall structure achieves a high load-bearing capacity and torsional rigidity as well as good sound insulation and heat storage properties.

Based on this, the object of the invention is to provide a clay building element that is suitable for use as a stiffening drywall panel in construction. This object is achieved by the subject matter of patent claim 1. Preferred further developments can be found in the subclaims.

According to the invention, a clay wall panel is provided with a flat wooden framework made of a plurality of wooden slats crossing each other and connected to each other at the crossing points and a plurality of clay components arranged between the wooden slats, wherein the clay components are designed as flat clay prefabricated components which are inserted between the wooden slats in such a way that they are The edge surfaces facing the wooden slats are at least partially in contact with the edge surfaces of the surrounding wooden slats.

The clay wall panel according to the invention is flat in its reference state and can be loaded by forces in its plane. Such surface structures are referred to as panels in technical mechanics. In construction engineering, a flat component is said to have a panel effect if it is able to absorb forces acting in the direction of its plane up to a certain extent and safely dissipate them without being excessively deformed or destroyed by the resulting internal shear stresses. The fact that the wooden framework is flat does not, of course, exclude the possibility that the wooden slats can also have different cross-sections, thicknesses and/or widths. Alternatively, it can be provided that all wooden slats have the same cross-sectional shape.

The flat prefabricated clay components each have front and back sides that are parallel to the front and back of the entire clay wall panel. The edge surfaces are the surfaces that connect the front and back sides and are therefore at an angle other than zero to the front and back of the entire clay wall panel. Even if the clay components used in conventional buildings do not have a load-bearing function, it has been shown in the context of the present invention that inserting the flat prefabricated clay components between the wooden slats in such a way that their edge surfaces facing the wooden slats lie flat against the surrounding wooden slats leads to additional stiffening and improved load transfer of the entire clay wall panel. In the case of the wooden slats, it is also said in this case that they have front and back sides that are parallel to the front and back of the entire clay wall panel, so that they have edge surfaces connecting the front and back sides that lie flat against the edge surfaces of the prefabricated clay building components.

In principle, the wooden slats can have any cross-section. According to a preferred embodiment, they have a rectangular cross-section. The prefabricated clay components then also have a rectangular cross-section so that they can be the wooden slats can be used so that their edge surfaces can lie flat against the edge surfaces of the wooden slats

In this way, a clay wall panel is provided that can be designed to be stiffening and load-bearing and also fireproof. In other words, the invention provides a clay wall panel with a stiffening effect for wooden panel construction. It can be used as a stiffening element and is an alternative to OSB panels. The clay wall panel has a wooden lattice structure that is made from a number of wooden slats that cross each other and are connected to each other at the crossing points. The meshes of the lattice structure are filled with prefabricated clay parts. The top can be formed by a single or multi-layered clay building panel laid as a cover panel, preferably offset.

It has already been mentioned that the wooden slats can have different cross-sections. According to a preferred development of the invention, at least some of the wooden slats have the shape of a trapezoid, preferably an isosceles trapezoid, in cross-section in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the wooden slats, with the front sides and the back sides of these wooden slats forming the base sides of the trapezoid. The longitudinal direction of the wooden slats means the direction of their long extension. In this context, according to a preferred development of the invention, at least some of the prefabricated clay components have the shape of a rectangle and have the shape of a trapezoid, preferably an isosceles trapezoid, in cross-section in a plane perpendicular to one side of the rectangle, with the front sides and the back sides of these prefabricated clay components forming the base sides of the trapezoid. In this way, the prefabricated clay components can be inserted between the wooden slats in a simple and safe manner without there being a risk of them slipping through the gaps between the wooden slats.

Preferably, according to an embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that the wooden framework is surrounded by a wooden frame serving as a bearing for the wooden framework. In principle, the clay wall panel can already be supplied with such a load-bearing frame. However, it is also possible to provide the clay wall panel with such a frame at the place of use, i.e. at the place of installation. The floor or ceiling of a building can be part of such a frame.

Preferably, the wooden slats are fastened to one another at the points where the wooden slats cross each other by means of screws and/or nails and/or staples and/or wooden pins and/or an adhesive fastening, e.g. by means of a lignin adhesive bond (adhesive with a natural biopolymer).

The crossing points of the wooden slats can be designed in different ways. Preferably, however, at least some of the wooden slats, preferably all of the wooden slats, are notched in the areas where the wooden slats cross each other, preferably in such a way that the front and back sides of the wooden slats each form a single common flat surface. In this way, flat surfaces of the wooden framework can be achieved.

In principle, the clay wall panel is ready for use when it is provided with the wooden framework and the prefabricated clay components. However, according to a preferred development of the invention, at least one clay building board is placed on the front and/or back of the structure made of the wooden framework made of the interconnected wooden slats and the prefabricated clay components inserted between the wooden slats. It is also the case that the clay wall panel is preferably completely closed off on the front and/or back with a clay building board or several clay building boards.

According to a preferred development of the invention, the clay building board is held by means of fastening means to wooden slats of the wooden framework, the fastening means are sunk into the clay building board and the area above the fastening means is filled with a filler up to the surface of the clay building board. Preferably, the fastening means are sunk by at least 5 mm. Such a filling material can be clay, for example. This design can be helpful for fire protection, since in this way, especially if the fastening means a screw or a nail, the heat input into the clay wall panel can be reduced in the event of a fire.

The prefabricated clay components preferably have a maximum dimension of 50 cm, more preferably 40 cm and most preferably 30 cm. The thickness of the prefabricated clay components is preferably between 15 mm and 45 mm, more preferably between 18 and 35 mm and most preferably between 20 and 30 mm.

The invention also relates to the use of a clay wall panel, as described above, for timber panel construction. The clay wall panel is preferably used to stiffen a timber panel wall.

The invention is explained in more detail below using a preferred embodiment with reference to the drawings.

• Fig. 1a bis 1h schematisch die Herstellung einer Lehmbauwandscheibe gemäß einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung,
• Fig. 2a bis 2c schematisch eine erste Variante einer Lehmbauwandscheibe in einem Prinzipschnitt gemäß einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung,
• Fig. 3a bis 3c schematisch eine zweite Variante einer Lehmbauwandscheibe in einem Prinzipschnitt gemäß einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung und
• Fig. 4a und 4b schematisch die Verwendung einer Lehmbauwandscheibe gemäß einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung für eine Innenwand bzw. für eine Außenwand.

In the drawings show

• Fig. 1a to 1h schematically the production of a clay wall panel according to a preferred embodiment of the invention,
• Fig. 2a to 2c schematically shows a first variant of a clay wall panel in a basic section according to a preferred embodiment of the invention,
• Fig. 3a to 3c schematically a second variant of a clay wall panel in a basic section according to a preferred embodiment of the invention and
• Fig. 4a and 4b schematically the use of a clay wall panel according to a preferred embodiment of the invention for an interior wall or for an exterior wall.

In the following, a clay wall panel 1 according to a preferred embodiment of the invention is described on the basis of its manufacture with reference to the Figures 1a to 1h described. As far as the production process for the clay wall panel 1 is concerned, a simple manufacturing process is provided here. Only the machines that are part of the standard equipment of carpentry companies are used. This means that the processing companies do not incur high acquisition costs for complex, CNC-controlled machines. The material for the cross-sections used for the wooden frame 2 is based on commercially available wooden slats, which are available in the formats 24 mm x 48 mm, 30 mm x 50 mm and 40 mm x 60 mm. The cross-sections can be varied or adapted depending on the requirements profile.

The Figures 1a to 1h serve to illustrate the principle of a clay wall panel 1 according to a preferred embodiment of the invention. The structural assembly of the clay wall panel 1 can be seen in the sequence.

As from Figure 1a As can be seen, two types of wooden slats 3 are used for the wooden framework 2, namely wooden slats 3 that have a rectangular cross-section and are provided with notches 10. These notches 10 correspond in their shape to the cross-section of two wooden slats 3 that are trapezoidal in cross-section, so that they can be positively received in the notches 10. By joining these wooden slats 3 together, as can be seen schematically from Figure 1b visible, a flat wooden framework 2. In order to fix this wooden framework 2, adhesive fasteners 4 are used in the present case, which are introduced in the areas of the notches 10, namely lignin adhesive connections based on an adhesive with a natural biopolymer. For the sake of clarity, not all notches 10 are provided with reference symbols in the figures. The same applies to the reference symbols of the adhesive fasteners 4. In addition, the clay wall panel 1 is already in the Figures 1a to 1g with the reference number 1, although in the process stages shown there, no completely manufactured clay wall panel 1 is available. A completely manufactured clay wall panel 1 is only available in Figure 1h shown.

Out of Figure 1c it is now clear how clay building elements in the form of flat clay prefabricated components 5 are inserted from above into the openings formed between the wooden slats 3. Here, the clay prefabricated components 5 have the shape of a rectangle and, in cross-section in a plane perpendicular to one side of the rectangle, the shape of a trapezoid, namely an isosceles trapezoid, with the front and back sides of these clay prefabricated components 5 forming the base sides of the trapezoid. In this way, it is possible to insert the clay prefabricated components 5 into the openings between the wooden slats 3 in such a way that they cannot slip through these openings. Overall, this means that the clay prefabricated components 5 lie flat against the surrounding wooden slats 3 with their edge surfaces facing the wooden slats 3, both in the area of the trapezoidal profiles and in the area of the rectangular profiles of the wooden slats 3 or the clay prefabricated components 5. The resulting clay wall panel 1 with already inserted into the openings between the wooden slats 3 prefabricated clay components is made of Figure 1d visible.

In another in Figure 1e In the step shown, clay building boards 8 are inserted onto the clay prefabricated components 5 and between the notched wooden slats 3. The clay wall panel 1 with clay building boards 8 inserted in this way is made of Figure 1f Finally, as in Figure 1d shown, a larger clay building board 8 is placed on the entire structure, which closes the clay wall panel 1 at the top. The finished clay wall panel 1 according to the preferred embodiment of the invention described here is made of Figure 1h visible.

In the following embodiments of the invention, which are described in the Fig. 2a to 2c or the Fig. 3a to 3c Two different variants of a clay wall panel 1 are shown with a schematic section. These two variants meet different static requirements. In the case of the Fig. 3a to 3c In the variant shown, the wooden framework 2 consists exclusively of wooden slats 3 with the dimensions 24 mm x 48 mm. The joints at the nodes are made by overlapping, whereby the wooden slats 3 running in the transverse and longitudinal directions are then at the same height. In the basic section, the 30° bevel cut lying parallel to one another for the accommodation of the prefabricated clay component 5 can be seen. The clay wall panel 1 ends on the inside of the room with a commercially available clay building board 8 with a thickness of 16 mm. The layer thickness of the clay in this variant is at least 40 mm.

In the Fig. 3a to 3c In the variant shown, the wooden framework 2 consists of wooden slats 3 with the dimensions 24 mm x 48 mm or 40 mm x 60 mm. The joints are joined at the nodes by a notch in the higher wooden slat 3. The wooden slat 3 with the dimensions 24 mm x 48 mm has a 30° bevel cut, runs through and is fixed at the node with a connecting element such as a screw or a nail. The resulting height offset is compensated with an additional 16 mm thick clay building board 8. The clay building wall panel 1 closes off on the inside of the room with a commercially available clay building board 8 with a thickness of 16 mm. The layer thickness of the clay in this variant is at least 56 mm.

In the Fig. 4a and 4b The system sketches shown show preferred fields of application of the clay wall panel 1. Depending on the static requirements, the clay wall panel 1 can be used as double-sided paneling for an interior wall 12, as in Fig. 4a shown, or used as one-sided planking on the inside of the room for an external wall 13, as in Fig. 4b In both cases, two or one clay wall panel 1 are used, as described with reference to the Fig. 2a to 2c described.

At the Fig. 4a In the construction shown, the inner wall 13 has a corresponding clay wall panel 1 on both sides. These clay wall panels 1 are mounted on a wooden frame 14 made of wooden slats with a dimension of 40 mm x 60 mm, which is provided with insulation 11. In the case of the Fig. 4b On the inside of the outer wall 13 shown, a corresponding clay wall panel 1 is applied to a significantly stronger wooden frame 16 for the wooden panel construction, which is also provided with insulation 11. The outer wall 13 is finished off on the outside by a wood fiber insulation board 15. In both the inner wall 12 and the outer wall 13, the clay building boards 8 or the wood fiber insulation board 15 forming the finish can be plastered and/or painted as required.

List of reference symbols

1

Clay wall panel

2

Timber frame

3

Wooden slats

4

Adhesive fastenings

5

flat prefabricated clay components

8th

Clay building board

10

Notches

11

insulation

12

Interior wall

13

Exterior wall

14

Timber frame

15

Wood fibre insulation board

16

Timber frame for timber panel construction

Claims (13)

1. A loam panel (1) with a flat wooden framework (2) consisting of a plurality of crossing wooden slats (3) joined to one another at the intersections and a plurality of a loam components arranged between the wooden slats (3), wherein the loam components are in the form of flat prefabricated loam components (5), which are inserted between the wooden slats (3) such that their edge surfaces facing towards the wooden slats (3) bear at least in some sections flat against the edge surfaces of the wooden slats (3) surrounding them.
2. The loam panel (1) according to claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the wooden slats (3) have the shape of a trapezium, preferably an isosceles trapezium, in cross-section in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the wooden slats (3), wherein the front sides and the rear sides of these wooden slats (3) form the base sides of the trapezium.
3. The loam panel (1) according to claim 2, wherein at least a portion of the prefabricated loam components (5) are in the form of a rectangle and in cross-section, in a plane perpendicular to one side of the rectangle, have the shape of a trapezium, preferably an isosceles trapezium, wherein the front sides and the rear sides of these prefabricated loam components (5) form the base sides of the trapezium.
4. The loam panel (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the wooden framework (2) is surrounded by a wooden frame used as a bearing for the wooden framework (2).
5. The loam panel (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the wooden frameworks (2) are fastened to one another at the points where the wooden slats (3) cross one another, by means of screws and/or nails and/or staples and/or wooden pins and/or an adhesive bond (4).
6. The loam panel (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least a portion of the wooden slats (3) are notched in the areas where the wooden slats cross each other, preferably such that the front sides and the rear sides of the wooden slats (3) each form a single common planar surface.
7. The loam panel (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one loam panel (8) is fitted on the front and/or rear side on the structure comprising the wooden framework (2) of interconnected wooden slats (3) and the prefabricated loam components (5) inserted between the wooden slats (3).
8. The loam panel (1) according to claim 7, wherein the loam panel (1) is completely sealed on the front and/or rear side by one loam panel (8) or a plurality of loam panels (8).
9. The loam panel (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the loam panel (8) is held by means of fastening means on wooden slats (3) of the wooden framework (2), the fastening means are countersunk into the loam panel (8) and the area above the fastening means is filled with a filler up to the surface of the loam panel (8).
10. The loam panel (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the prefabricated loam components (5) have a maximum extension of 50 cm, preferably 40 cm and most preferably 30 cm.
11. The loam panel (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the thickness of the prefabricated loam components (5) is between 15 mm and 45 mm, preferably between 18 and 35 mm and most preferably between 20 and 30 mm.
12. Use of a loam panel (1) according to any one of the preceding claims for timber panel construction.
13. Use according to claim 12, wherein the loam panel (1) is used for reinforcing a wooden panel wall.

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