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EP3840119A1 - Système d'antenne mimo automobile pour 5g standard et au-delà - Google Patents

Système d'antenne mimo automobile pour 5g standard et au-delà Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3840119A1
EP3840119A1 EP19218179.0A EP19218179A EP3840119A1 EP 3840119 A1 EP3840119 A1 EP 3840119A1 EP 19218179 A EP19218179 A EP 19218179A EP 3840119 A1 EP3840119 A1 EP 3840119A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna system
antennas
dielectric carrier
circuit board
printed circuit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP19218179.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Adrian MIHAIUTI
Marcus Och
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Valeo Comfort and Driving Assistance SAS
Original Assignee
Valeo Comfort and Driving Assistance SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Valeo Comfort and Driving Assistance SAS filed Critical Valeo Comfort and Driving Assistance SAS
Priority to EP19218179.0A priority Critical patent/EP3840119A1/fr
Publication of EP3840119A1 publication Critical patent/EP3840119A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/20—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path
    • H01Q21/205—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path providing an omnidirectional coverage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
    • H01Q1/325—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle
    • H01Q1/3275—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle mounted on a horizontal surface of the vehicle, e.g. on roof, hood, trunk
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/42—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/28—Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a telematics system, and specifically to multiple input multiple output antennas (also called MIMO antennas).
  • the invention relates to an antenna system to be mounted on a vehicle.
  • antennas are used in the automotive industry to implement various applications (radio, navigation, telephony).
  • Multiband antenna systems are also commonly used in the automotive industry. Such an antenna system includes a small number of antennas (typically three or four antennas) to cover and operate at multiple frequency ranges and/or for redundancy reasons.
  • An antenna system can be installed on the roof surface of a vehicle to let the antennas have an unobstructed view overhead.
  • This antenna system is generally connected to one or more electronic devices (e.g., a cellular phone) inside the passenger compartment of the vehicle, such that the antenna system is operable for transmitting and/or receiving signals to/from the electronic device inside the vehicle.
  • electronic devices e.g., a cellular phone
  • a purpose of the invention is to provide an antenna system having a better capacity and coverage.
  • an antenna system to be mounted on a vehicle, comprising:
  • the antenna system has an array of antennas disposed in such a manner that its capacity and its coverage can be improved and the interference reduced.
  • the position of the antennas on the side face of the dielectric carrier indeed enables a good propagation of electromagnetic waves in any direction around the vehicle.
  • the antennas system can for instance be of the Massive MIMO type, with more than twenty antennas.
  • a massive MIMO antenna indeed increases the effectiveness of the transmission. It is able to send out a stronger radio signal, with a higher data throughput for greater distances.
  • Beamforming is another key wireless technique used by the invention, consisting in focusing a wireless signal in a specific direction, rather than broadcasting to a wide area.
  • this solution can be used when the car is driving at low speed through the cities or is stationary.
  • the invention also relates to a vehicle comprising a roof and an antenna system as defined above, fixed to the roof so that said dielectric carrier extends at least partially above the roof.
  • said chassis extends between said roof and said printed circuit board, above or below said roof.
  • Figure 1 represents a vehicle 100 having a roof 101 fitted with an antenna system 1.
  • This vehicle can be of any type: car, truck, motorcycle, etc.
  • the terms “upper” and “lower” are used relative to this vehicle, the latter being considered as running on a horizontal road.
  • the upper of an element designates the side of the element that faces the sky, and the lower designates the opposite side.
  • the antenna system 1 can be used for ensuring a wireless communication between the vehicle equipment (or the vehicle passengers equipment) and the outside world, in terms of satellite navigation, satellite radio, car access, telephony, etc.
  • This antenna system 1 comprises an antenna module and a telematics control unit suitable to process the signal received from the antenna module and/or to send a signal to this antennas module so as to transmit this signal in a specific direction.
  • This telematics control unit is connected to the vehicle equipment to send it the processed received signals.
  • a first embodiment of the antenna system 1 is shown in Figures 2 and 3
  • a second embodiment of this system is shown in Figures 4 and 5 .
  • the antenna system 1 is particularly designed for ensuring communications with a 5G base station, according to the 5G standard.
  • the minimum requirements of the antenna system 1 are:
  • Frequency Range number 1 (FR1) from 410 MHz to 7125 MHz.
  • FR2 Frequency Range number 2
  • FR1 Frequency Range number 1
  • FR2 Frequency Range number 2
  • the antenna system 1 includes a chassis 10; 110, a printed circuit board 20; 120 fixed to the chassis 10; 110, a dielectric carrier 30; 130 carrying several antennas 41, 42, 43, and a finishing cover 60 that protects at least these antennas.
  • the chassis 10; 110 is designed to be fixed on the vehicle. In a variant, it could include or be formed by the roof of the vehicle.
  • the chassis 10; 110 is a dielectric support for the printed circuit board 20; 120.
  • This chassis 10; 110 comprises fixing means for its fixation to the roof.
  • these fixing means comprise at least one hole 11 enabling the screwing of the chassis on the roof.
  • This chassis 10; 110 also comprises fastening means for fastening the printed circuit board 20; 120.
  • these fastening means comprise ribs 12 that extend on the upper face of the plate of the chassis 10, the top faces of the ribs 12 all extending in a same plane so that the printed circuit board 20 can rest on these top faces.
  • the fastening means also include snap-fastening teeth suitable to hook the upper face of the printed circuit board 20 in order to block it on the ribs 12.
  • the chassis 110 comprises a molded piece of plastic comprising a plate that is essentially flat and that is shaped so as to be fixed horizontally, under the roof 101 of the vehicle 100.
  • this chassis 110 comprises at least one hole 11 enabling its screwing to the roof. He also includes snap-fastening teeth suitable to hook the lower face of the printed circuit board 120.
  • the printed circuit board 20; 120 includes a dielectric plate onto which bands of copper (or other conductive material) are situated, and electronic components soldered onto the dielectric plate to both electrically connect and mechanically fasten them to it.
  • This printed circuit board 20; 120 carries the telematics control unit. In a variant, this unit can be carried by another printed circuit board situated in another place into the vehicle.
  • the printed circuit board 20; 120 defines a main plane P1.
  • This main plane P1 is here the median plane of the dielectric plate (see Figure 2 ).
  • the dielectric carrier 30; 130, that carries the antennas, is made of a dielectric material such as a molded plastic.
  • This dielectric carrier 30; 130 is hollow and longitudinally extends along a main axis A1 perpendicular or tilted relative to the main plane P1, with an angle greater than 45 degrees.
  • the main axis A1 is perpendicular to the main plane P1.
  • the main axis A1 extends vertically when the vehicle is situated onto a horizontal road. Because of the roof curvature, if the main plane P1 is not horizontal, it can be necessary to tilt the main axis A1 relative to the main plane P1.
  • the dielectric carrier 30; 130 exhibits approximately a symmetry of revolution about the main axis A1.
  • the dielectric carrier 130 comprises a wall having a conical shaped upper part, more specifically a frustoconical shaped upper part 135.
  • This second embodiment is preferred because, as it will be explained hereinafter in more details, it improves the communication with a high base station.
  • the dielectric carrier 30; 130 rests by its bottom end on the printed circuit board 20; 120. Its upper end is free and opens toward the outside.
  • the inner side face 31 of the wall is partially or, preferably, entirely coated with a conductive layer 50.
  • This layer is made of a conductive material, here a metallic material.
  • This conductive layer 50 is electrically connected to the ground terminal of the printed circuit board 20; 102. Consequently, this layer can play the role of an antenna reflector and of feeding ground lines for the antennas.
  • This electrical connection between the conductive layer 50 and the printed circuit board 20; 120 forms a mechanical connection that fixes the dielectric carrier 30; 130 to the printed circuit board 20; 120.
  • the cylindrical wall thickness of the carrier 30 is constant.
  • a lower part 136 and an upper part 135 of the wall have constant thicknesses, these thicknesses being distinct. This thicknesses difference creates, on the outer side face 131 of this wall, a peripheral ring 133 (see Figure 5 ) facing downward.
  • the inner face of this wall is continuous. Consequently, this inner face and the outer faces of the lower part and of the upper part of the external face of the dielectric carrier 130 are all frustoconical.
  • the lower part 136 of the carrier 30; 130 has the roles of mechanical fixation and of making the electric connection between the printed circuit board 20; 120 and the antennas.
  • the upper part 135 has the role of carrying the antennas 41, 42, 43.
  • the carrier diameter, height and thickness are dictated by the implementation and the requirements of the antenna system 1. But for example, the external diameter can be of 28 mm, the height of 50 mm and the thickness of 3 mm.
  • each antenna that is, in the illustrated embodiments, the axis that is orthogonal to the mean plane of the antenna and that passes through the geometric center of this antenna
  • the propagation axis of each antenna extends radially relative to the main axis A1 and horizontally. Consequently, each antenna principally radiates into a horizontal direction, towards the outside.
  • each antenna In the second embodiment, the propagation axis of each antenna is tilted relative to the horizontal. Consequently, each antenna principally radiates into a tilted direction: towards the outside and upward. This is the preferred solution when the antenna system 1 is designed to communicate with 5G base stations having great heights.
  • the top angle ⁇ of this truncated cone is lower than 45 degrees. Preferably, this top angle ⁇ lies from 4 degrees to 30 degrees. This top angle is defined as the aperture of the truncated cone (or as the maximum angle between two generatrix lines of this cone).
  • top angle ⁇ and bottom angle ⁇ influence the direction in which each antenna principally radiates.
  • the bottom angle ⁇ varies from 75° (for a distance between the 5G base station and the antenna system 1 of 100m) to 88° (for a distance greater than 500m).
  • Figure 7 illustrates the variation of the bottom angle ⁇ for each distance between the 5G base station and the antenna system 1.
  • the vehicular antenna assembly 100 is designed to be operable as a massive multiband multiple input multiple output (MIMO) vehicular antenna having a beamforming solution.
  • MIMO massive multiband multiple input multiple output
  • the number of antennas 41, 42, 43 is greater than twenty. It is for instance comprised between 30 and 100.
  • This massive MIMO antenna array has a large number of steerable ports enabling beamforming, which means that radio signals and information can be sent directly to another device (for instance the 5G base station) instead of broadcasting everywhere. This has the added benefit of also reducing radio interference across the cell, resulting in a more enjoyable user experience.
  • the exact number of used antennas depends on the operating frequency of the antenna system 1 because the signal wavelength plays a role in the separation distance required between the antennas carried by the carrier.
  • the conductive layer 50 improves the electrical separation and the overall envelope correlation coefficient (ECC).
  • ECC envelope correlation coefficient
  • the represented dielectric carriers 30; 130 can carry a greater number of antennas than a dielectric carrier lacking conductive layer 50.
  • the antennas carried by the carrier 30; 130 can be of various types. Here, they are all of the same type.
  • the type of the antennas can be, for instance, patch array (as shown in Figure 2 ), dipole array, slot antenna array or dielectric lens array.
  • the patch array is obtained by metallization of the outer side face 31 of the dielectric carrier 30; 130.
  • Feeding lines connecting the antennas to the printed circuit board 20; 130 are obtained in the same way.
  • Feeding lines connecting the antennas to the ground conductive layer 50 may be obtained by drilling holes through the wall of the dielectric carrier 30; 130.
  • the antennas are all electrically connected to the electronic components of the printed circuit board 20; 120 so as to be used as transmitter and/or receiver.
  • the beamforming is carried out through electrical signal phase variation feeding the antennas.
  • the antennas are regularly distributed all around the dielectric carrier 30; 130, at several heights on this dielectric carrier 30, in order to obtain an omnidirectional antenna system 1.
  • the dielectric carrier 30 is fitted with large antennas 41, little antennas 43 and medium antennas 42.
  • Eight medium antennas 42 are regularly distributed all around the main axis A1, at a medium height above the printed circuit board 20.
  • the distance between the large antennas 41 and the bottom extremity of the dielectric carrier is greater than the distance between the little antennas 43 and the top extremity of the dielectric carrier. Consequently, the propagation of the waves emitted by these large antennas is not disturbed by the printed circuit board 20; 120.
  • each antenna is composed of a single piece of metal having a squared shape (curved around the main axis A1). This piece of metal can be provided with resonance slot(s).
  • the best integration option is on the vehicle roof 101.
  • the finishing cover 60 has a shark-fin shape, with a base opened, and is provided with means for fixing it onto the roof 101 of the vehicle 100, all around the chassis 10, the printed circuit board 20 and the dielectric carrier 30 to protect them.
  • the chassis 10 can be fixed above or under the roof 101. But in both embodiments, the upper part of the dielectric carrier 30; 130 is housed into the finishing cover 60, above the roof. On the contrary, the printed circuit board 20; 120 is situated between the roof 101 and the chassis 10; 110, that is to say under or above the roof.
  • the 5G Massive MIMO antenna array can coexist with at least one other antenna, for instance a GNSS antenna, a satellite digital audio radio service antenna (SDARS), or a Bluetooth Low Energy antenna (BLE).
  • GNSS GNSS
  • SDARS satellite digital audio radio service antenna
  • BLE Bluetooth Low Energy antenna
  • This other antenna is preferably situated at a distance from the dielectric carrier 30, 130, and is connected to the printed circuit board 20; 120.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
EP19218179.0A 2019-12-19 2019-12-19 Système d'antenne mimo automobile pour 5g standard et au-delà Pending EP3840119A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19218179.0A EP3840119A1 (fr) 2019-12-19 2019-12-19 Système d'antenne mimo automobile pour 5g standard et au-delà

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19218179.0A EP3840119A1 (fr) 2019-12-19 2019-12-19 Système d'antenne mimo automobile pour 5g standard et au-delà

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3840119A1 true EP3840119A1 (fr) 2021-06-23

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Family Applications (1)

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EP19218179.0A Pending EP3840119A1 (fr) 2019-12-19 2019-12-19 Système d'antenne mimo automobile pour 5g standard et au-delà

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3161076A1 (fr) * 2024-04-05 2025-10-10 Stellantis Auto Sas Dispositif de communication pour gérer l’accès à l’habitacle d’un véhicule automobile

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6285322B1 (en) * 1997-01-03 2001-09-04 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Electronics unit for wireless transfer of signals
US20040070536A1 (en) * 2002-10-11 2004-04-15 Stotler Monte S. Compact conformal patch antenna
WO2016201208A1 (fr) * 2015-06-11 2016-12-15 Laird Technologies, Inc. Ensembles antenne de véhicule multibande à ports multiples à éléments rayonnants multiples
WO2019221548A1 (fr) * 2018-05-18 2019-11-21 Im Ju Hyeon Dispositif d'antenne et son procédé de fabrication

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6285322B1 (en) * 1997-01-03 2001-09-04 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Electronics unit for wireless transfer of signals
US20040070536A1 (en) * 2002-10-11 2004-04-15 Stotler Monte S. Compact conformal patch antenna
WO2016201208A1 (fr) * 2015-06-11 2016-12-15 Laird Technologies, Inc. Ensembles antenne de véhicule multibande à ports multiples à éléments rayonnants multiples
WO2019221548A1 (fr) * 2018-05-18 2019-11-21 Im Ju Hyeon Dispositif d'antenne et son procédé de fabrication

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
JAECK V ET AL: "A Conical Patch Antenna Array for Agile Point-to-Point Communications in the 5.2-GHz Band", IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS, IEEE, PISCATAWAY, NJ, US, vol. 15, 20 November 2015 (2015-11-20), pages 1230 - 1233, XP011605985, ISSN: 1536-1225, [retrieved on 20160407], DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2015.2502724 *
JAECK VINCENT ET AL: "A Switched-Beam Conformal Array With a 3-D Beam Forming Capability in C-Band", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, IEEE SERVICE CENTER, PISCATAWAY, NJ, US, vol. 65, no. 6, 24 April 2017 (2017-04-24), pages 2950 - 2957, XP011651708, ISSN: 0018-926X, [retrieved on 20170602], DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2017.2696418 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3161076A1 (fr) * 2024-04-05 2025-10-10 Stellantis Auto Sas Dispositif de communication pour gérer l’accès à l’habitacle d’un véhicule automobile

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