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EP3698921B1 - Outil pourvu de corps de base et de revêtement en matériau dur agencé sur ledit corps ainsi que procédé de fabrication d'un outil - Google Patents

Outil pourvu de corps de base et de revêtement en matériau dur agencé sur ledit corps ainsi que procédé de fabrication d'un outil Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3698921B1
EP3698921B1 EP19159174.2A EP19159174A EP3698921B1 EP 3698921 B1 EP3698921 B1 EP 3698921B1 EP 19159174 A EP19159174 A EP 19159174A EP 3698921 B1 EP3698921 B1 EP 3698921B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hard material
base body
solder
material elements
region
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP19159174.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3698921A1 (fr
EP3698921C0 (fr
Inventor
Reiner Oehlmann
Jens SCHRÖDER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rot Reiner Oehlmann Tools GmbH
Original Assignee
Rot Reiner Oehlmann Tools GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rot Reiner Oehlmann Tools GmbH filed Critical Rot Reiner Oehlmann Tools GmbH
Priority to EP19159174.2A priority Critical patent/EP3698921B1/fr
Publication of EP3698921A1 publication Critical patent/EP3698921A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3698921B1 publication Critical patent/EP3698921B1/fr
Publication of EP3698921C0 publication Critical patent/EP3698921C0/fr
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D7/00—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting otherwise than only by their periphery, e.g. by the front face; Bushings or mountings therefor
    • B24D7/14—Zonally-graded wheels; Composite wheels comprising different abrasives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
    • B24D3/04—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic
    • B24D3/06—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic metallic or mixture of metals with ceramic materials, e.g. hard metals, "cermets", cements
    • B24D3/08—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic metallic or mixture of metals with ceramic materials, e.g. hard metals, "cermets", cements for close-grained structure, e.g. using metal with low melting point
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D5/00—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting only by their periphery; Bushings or mountings therefor
    • B24D5/06—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting only by their periphery; Bushings or mountings therefor with inserted abrasive blocks, e.g. segmental
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D5/00—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting only by their periphery; Bushings or mountings therefor
    • B24D5/14—Zonally-graded wheels; Composite wheels comprising different abrasives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D7/00—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting otherwise than only by their periphery, e.g. by the front face; Bushings or mountings therefor
    • B24D7/06—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting otherwise than only by their periphery, e.g. by the front face; Bushings or mountings therefor with inserted abrasive blocks, e.g. segmental
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D2203/00—Tool surfaces formed with a pattern

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a tool, for example a surface grinding wheel or a circumferential grinding wheel, with a base body and a hard material coating arranged thereon according to claim 1 and a method for producing a tool, such as a surface grinding wheel or a circumferential grinding wheel, with a base body and a hard material coating arranged thereon Claim 11.
  • Tools with hard material coatings are well known in the art. Grinding tools in particular are usually coated with a material that is harder than the actual base body. If the base body is made of steel, for example, it is known to use hard material coatings with diamonds or similar to coat this base body and thus enable grinding or other processing of objects that are harder than the material from which the base body is made. Applying and bonding the hard material coating to the base body is usually a major challenge.
  • a surface grinding wheel is known, with a base body and a hard material coating arranged thereon, wherein the hard material coating comprises at least in one area a plurality of hard material elements arranged in a layer, wherein the layer has a layer thickness which corresponds to a fraction of the average diameter of the hard material elements and wherein the hard material elements are held in the layer by means of a solder and the hard material elements are distributed along the layer thickness.
  • a method for producing a surface grinding wheel with a base body and a hard material coating arranged thereon, wherein for the hard material coating at least in one area a plurality of hard material elements are arranged in a layer, wherein the layer has a layer thickness which corresponds to a fraction of the average diameter of the hard material elements, and wherein the hard material elements are arranged and connected to one another in the layer by means of a solder, and the hard material elements are distributed along the layer thickness, and wherein the hard material coating is connected to the base body for producing the surface grinding wheel.
  • the technical problem to be solved is therefore to specify a tool, such as a surface grinding wheel or a peripheral grinding wheel, as well as a method for producing this tool, which enables a reliable application of a hard material coating with high durability.
  • the tool according to the invention for example a surface grinding wheel or a peripheral grinding wheel, comprises a base body and a hard material coating arranged thereon, wherein the hard material coating comprises, at least in one region, a plurality of hard material elements arranged in a layer, wherein the layer has a layer thickness which corresponds to a multiple of the average diameter of the hard material elements and wherein the hard material elements are held in the layer by means of a solder and the hard material elements are randomly distributed along the layer thickness.
  • the layer thickness is to be understood as the largest dimension of the area that extends (vertically) away from the base body.
  • the size of the area measured from the base body vertically upwards can also vary along the area.
  • part of the area can have a size that is smaller than the layer thickness mentioned.
  • the layer thickness is at least twice the average diameter of the hard material elements.
  • the average diameter of the hard material elements is an average value that results from determining all dimensions of a large number of hard material elements. Since these are usually different sizes (for example in the range of manufacturing tolerances or due to the production of splinters they are not identical in size or shape), this average value does not have to correspond to the actual size of one of the hard material elements actually used.
  • hard material elements includes, for example, diamonds or elements made of cubic boron nitride (cBN).
  • cBN elements can also be provided. Basically, all mentions of diamonds in the following description are to be understood as examples. Alternatively, all other hard material elements can also be used, which are mentioned as examples below.
  • MKD, CVD, PCD (polycrystalline diamond) and, in particular, natural diamonds and synthetic diamonds are also suitable materials from which the hard material elements are made or which they can comprise.
  • cubic boron carbon nitrate (cBC2N) can be used as a material.
  • the hard material elements can have sizes between 0.1 and 1 mm.
  • the hard material elements can have a regular but also an irregular shape.
  • Splinters can be used, which are created, for example, by destroying a larger hard material body.
  • the size of these splinters may be similar to each other (e.g. about 1mm 3 ), although the exact size, shape and dimension of different splinters may differ.
  • the hard material elements are randomly distributed along the layer thickness means that they are at least not distributed in the form of a deliberately chosen and fixed pattern.
  • concentration of the hard material elements in the hard material covering can be defined (for example 40% by volume or 40% by mass), the exact arrangement of the hard material elements is purely random. In particular, it is provided that the tool is not manufactured using a matrix for the targeted arrangement of individual hard material elements.
  • the hard material coating applied in this way is essentially constant in terms of quality and strength along its layer thickness.
  • production is considerably simplified because it is not necessary to precisely determine the position of the individual hard material elements.
  • the tool used can be used in many technical areas. It can be used for machining or grinding other objects, in particular other tools and in the manufacture of such tools. It is also possible to polish metal surfaces, for example, with the tool according to the invention.
  • the hard material coating can also be used as wear protection for the tool itself, in particular if the resistance of the hard material coating to the environmental influences that occur during its use is greater than the resistance of the material from which the base body is made to these environmental influences.
  • the tool according to the invention can also be used to cut or sever other objects.
  • the tool can be used in the food industry, in particular when peeling or grinding foodstuffs.
  • All materials commonly used in the food industry can be ground, grated, peeled or processed in another way using a tool according to the invention, depending on the design of the tool.
  • a tool according to the invention can also be used to produce powdered or at least slightly ground animal feed, for example.
  • a corresponding tool can also be used in the production chain for producing dry animal feed when grinding the raw materials, if necessary.
  • the tool can also be implemented, for example, in the form of a grinder or a peeling device, as a grinding tool or in another way, depending on the intended use.
  • the hard material coating can also be adapted to the intended use, for example by adjusting the ratio between the supporting part (the part of the surface that is occupied by areas with hard material elements) and the chip space (the part of the surface of the tool that is not occupied by areas with hard material elements, with a height that corresponds to the height of the areas with hard material elements) when the tool is manufactured.
  • the hard material covering is connected to the base body using a solder.
  • connection of the hard material covering to the base body using a solder ensures that the strength of the connection of the hard material covering to the base body is essentially the same as the connection of the hard material elements to the solder within the hard material covering, so that individual areas of the hard material covering can be avoided .
  • the area can extend over the entire hard surface.
  • a substantially flat surface in which the hard material elements are distributed over the entire hard material covering can be achieved, which can improve the grinding result in some applications.
  • the hard material coating comprises several regions, wherein the regions are arranged at a distance from one another in the hard material coating This spacing makes it possible, in particular, to provide curved surfaces of base bodies with hard material coatings that have good grinding properties.
  • At least one region may have a polyhedral shape, for example a cuboid shape or a pyramid shape; and/or at least one region may have a track shape, wherein the track has a track width and a track length and the track length is at least 10 times greater than the track width.
  • the individual shapes can be provided particularly advantageously depending on the application of the tool, for example to facilitate the processing of other tools.
  • At least some areas have the same shape and these areas are arranged in a regular two-dimensional pattern in the hard material covering.
  • Such a regular two-dimensional pattern can help to ensure the machining result with the help of the tool even if the surface of the tool is curved.
  • the regular two-dimensional pattern can be a two-dimensional Bravais lattice.
  • solder consists of a metallic alloy or comprises such a metallic alloy.
  • Metals have a comparatively high strength, so that the hard material elements can also be reliably attached to the hard material covering.
  • the metallic alloy may comprise nickel and/or silver.
  • the layer further comprises a filler material that is different from the solder and the hard material elements.
  • This filling material can, for example, be chosen to be more stable than the solder and can therefore lead to an overall harder hard material covering, which can have a positive effect on the stability of the hard material covering.
  • the method according to the invention for producing a tool for example a surface grinding wheel or a circumferential grinding wheel, with a base body and a hard material coating arranged thereon, comprises that a plurality of hard material elements are arranged in a layer for the hard material coating at least in one area, the layer having a layer thickness , which corresponds to a multiple of the average diameter of the hard material elements and wherein the hard material elements are arranged in the layer and connected to one another by means of a solder and the hard material elements are randomly distributed along the layer thickness and wherein the hard material coating is connected to the base body for producing the tool.
  • a soldering process that creates a connection between the hard material elements and the solder which involves first liquefying the solder and then solidifying it again, can be a vacuum soldering process, for example. These are generally known. However, soldering processes under a protective atmosphere, for example using a protective atmosphere with argon, are also possible.
  • tools with hard material coatings can be produced cost-effectively, although the quality of the hard material coatings on the tools is positively influenced by the essentially random distribution of the hard material elements in the hard material coating.
  • the hard material coating can be connected to the base body by means of a solder to produce the tool.
  • the strength of the connection between the hard material coating and the base body is higher than can be achieved, for example, when the hard material coating is connected to the base body by means of sintering processes or similar.
  • At least the region is connected to the base body during generation of the region.
  • the region is produced at the same time as the connection of the region to the base body, i.e. while the region is being formed on the base body, it is connected to the base body.
  • a template is arranged on the base body, which has at least one recess corresponding to the area, which is delimited on one side by the base body when the template is placed on the base body, whereby Hard material elements and solder are then introduced into the recess and the solder then hardens so that the hard material elements are connected to one another and the area is connected to the base body.
  • hard material elements and solder are applied to an area of the base body by means of a dosing device and the solder then hardens so that the hard material elements are connected to one another and the area is connected to the base body.
  • the dosing device allows flexible design of the hard material coverings, even area by area, so that individual solutions for tools in particular are possible.
  • solder can sometimes be applied to the base body at the same time as the hard material elements.
  • the region is manufactured before the region is connected to the base body.
  • the hard material elements and the solder are placed in a negative mold which corresponds to the negative of the shape of the region, wherein, after the solder has hardened, the segment is removed from the mold and arranged on the base body and connected to the base body in order to produce the region of the hard material coating.
  • a mixture of the solder and the hard material elements is prepared, which is subsequently used to create the region, wherein the mixture further comprises at least one of a filler material and a liquid additive.
  • filler material and/or liquid additives for example, the application of the areas or the creation of the areas can be made easier.
  • the filler materials By using the filler materials, the strength of the hard material coating that is subsequently produced can be positively influenced.
  • the mixture is applied to the base body and then the at least one area is formed using a roller before the solder hardens.
  • the roller is either designed in the form of spaced-apart cutting elements that separate individual areas of the mixture on the base body from one another or that a structure is embossed into the roller or its rolling surface, which opens accordingly when pressed the mixture arranged on the base body is transferred to the mixture and thus forms the areas.
  • a further area is formed on a side of the area facing away from the base body, the area and the second area differing with respect to at least one of the type of hard material elements, the type of solder, and a type of filler .
  • a soldering process is used to connect the solder to the hard material elements, in which the solder is first liquefied and then solidified again, wherein the soldering process is a vacuum soldering process or a soldering process under a protective atmosphere.
  • Fig.1 shows a tool 100 in the form of a surface grinding wheel with a base body 101 and a hard material coating 102 arranged thereon.
  • this can be, for example, a surface grinding wheel that has an axis in its center in the area 103.
  • a hard material coating is arranged on the outer surface of the base body 101. This hard material coating is either completely continuous with essentially the same layer thickness or divided into different areas. For this purpose, in Fig.2 even more detailed.
  • Circumferential grinding wheels or all other tools that are usually coated with a hard material coating can also be considered for the invention.
  • the hard material covering does not have to be applied over a large area (i.e., for example, extend over the entire outer surface of the base body), but can also, for example, only be arranged in small partial areas on the surface of the base body.
  • the tool according to the invention can be used in many technical areas. It can be used for machining or grinding other objects, in particular other tools, and in the production of such tools.
  • the hard material coating can also be used as wear protection for the tool itself, especially if the resistance of the hard material coating to the environmental influences that occur during its use is greater than the resistance of the material from which the base body is made to these environmental influences.
  • the tool according to the invention can also be used to sever or cut other objects.
  • the tool can be used in the food industry, especially when peeling or grinding food.
  • the hard material coating itself comprises a large number of hard material elements which are held in the layer by a solder which consists, for example, of nickel and/or silver or another metallic alloy or at least includes one. This means that the solder, after it has been heated in an oven and at least partially liquefied, surrounds and binds the hard material elements in the subsequent curing process in such a way that they are firmly arranged in the hard material covering.
  • a solder which consists, for example, of nickel and/or silver or another metallic alloy or at least includes one.
  • the solder after it has been heated in an oven and at least partially liquefied, surrounds and binds the hard material elements in the subsequent curing process in such a way that they are firmly arranged in the hard material covering.
  • further filling materials can be provided which can take on additional properties, such as increasing the strength of the layer.
  • the proportion of hard material elements in the hard material covering is fundamentally flexible.
  • the hard material elements make up 30% by volume of the hard material covering or more.
  • ranges of 10% by volume to 90% by volume, preferably 30% by volume to 80% by volume, are conceivable.
  • the additives can, for example, make up a few vol.%, for example 5 vol.% or up to 30 vol.% or more.
  • a series of areas 241 spaced apart from one another is arranged on the base body 101. These are shown here as cuboids, but can also have any other shape. For example, these areas can have a cylinder segment shape or a pyramid shape or a cylinder shape or another shape.
  • the areas can also be provided in the form of tracks that extend, for example, from the edge of the Fig.1
  • the tracks can either be straight or curved.
  • the length of the tracks is substantially greater than the width of the tracks.
  • the length of the tracks can preferably be at least 5 times greater than the width of the tracks, particularly preferably at least 10 times greater than the width of the tracks. While reference is made here to regularly shaped regions, these can also have an irregular shape.
  • the individual areas 241 can in principle have any dimensions.
  • the hard material covering can be formed by a single area 241 but also by dozens, hundreds or thousands of these areas.
  • the areas 241 can have an area of, on average, half a square centimeter.
  • the regions 241 are arranged at a distance b from one another from left to right and at a distance c from one another in a direction perpendicular thereto along the base body.
  • the distances b and c can be equal, but do not have to be.
  • the distances b and c can range from a few tenths of a millimeter to a few millimeters.
  • the areas between the areas 241 are referred to as the chip space.
  • This chip space is formed from the imaginary volume that extends from the surface of the base body to the top of the areas 241 provided with hard material elements.
  • the areas 241 define the supporting part of the tool.
  • the area occupied by the supporting part of the tool can be in a certain relationship to the area occupied by the chip space (hereafter, for the sake of simplicity, we will also refer to the chip space when the surface is meant) on the surface of the base body.
  • the chip space and the supporting part can occupy the same area.
  • the supporting part takes up more of the surface of the tool or the entire hard material coating than the chip space.
  • the supporting part can take up up to 60% or up to 80% or up to 90% of the surface of the tool or the hard material covering and the chip space can then take up the remaining part of the surface.
  • the chip space takes up more surface area of the tool or hard material coating than the supporting part.
  • values of up to 60%, up to 80% or up to 95% can be selected for the proportion of the surface of the tool or the hard material covering that the chip space takes up, depending on the application.
  • the ratio between the area of the chip space and the area of the supporting part does not have to be constant over the entire hard material coating.
  • the ratio of the areas of the chip space and the supporting part can change continuously over the surface of the tool. For example, the ratio can be dependent on the distance of the corresponding sub-area of the hard material coating from a rotation axis of the tool.
  • the areas 241 can preferably be arranged in a non-random manner in the hard material covering.
  • the areas 241 may be arranged in a regular two-dimensional pattern on the surface of the tool.
  • the two-dimensional pattern can in particular be one of the two-dimensional Bravais gratings. If the surface of the base body on which the hard material covering is arranged is curved, it can be provided that the arrangement of the areas is a regular arrangement in these curved coordinates describing the surface (for example spherical coordinates or cylindrical coordinates). However, this is no longer necessary when transforming these coordinates to Cartesian coordinates.
  • the basic pattern in which the regions are arranged is regular in Cartesian coordinates, but on the curved surface of the base body a no longer regular arrangement occurs.
  • the areas can also be arranged in a predetermined pattern, i.e. randomly or chaotically, on the base body and thus form the hard material covering.
  • an enlarged view of an area 241 is shown in a sectional view.
  • a plurality of hard material elements 252 are arranged. These hard material elements can consist, for example, of artificial diamonds or of real diamond chips and usually have a size of a few tenths of a millimeter up to a few millimeters.
  • the hard material elements are held in the area with the help of a solder 251, for example made of nickel, silver, an alloy thereof or another metallic alloy 251.
  • the area 241 has a (maximum) thickness d, which is also referred to below as the layer thickness.
  • this layer thickness is not necessarily constant over the entire dimensions of the area.
  • the multiple does not have to be an integer multiple of the average diameter of the hard material elements.
  • the invention provides that the layer thickness corresponds to at least twice the average diameter of the hard material elements. In addition, any real number can be used as the layer thickness.
  • the diameter is to be understood as the maximum distance between two points within the hard material element. If the hard material element is formed in the shape of a cube, for example, the diameter is to be understood as the distance between two corner points of the cube that can be connected to one another via the spatial diagonal in the cube. The same applies to non-symmetrical arrangements.
  • the arrangement of the hard material elements is purely random, at least in the direction of the layer thickness.
  • the hard material elements are also randomly arranged along a direction perpendicular to the layer thickness (i.e., for example, along the surface of the base body).
  • the arrangement of the hard material elements in the region is fundamentally completely random.
  • filling materials 253 can be provided. These filling materials differ from the hard material elements in terms of their material composition or at least their size.
  • the filling material can be diamond dust, which is significantly smaller than the hard material elements also made of diamond (or artificial diamonds or other materials).
  • the filling material can help stabilize the area so that it is less sensitive to abrasion.
  • the filling material can be selected depending on the intended use of the tool.
  • the hardness of the filler materials or the filler material is lower than the hardness of the hard material elements. Since the hardness of the solder is also usually lower than the hardness of the hard material elements, this means that the entire layer wears away during use and thus hard material elements that have already been used fall out of the hard material coating together with the partially dissolving layer. This reveals unused layers further down, which can then wear away again over time. Since the hard material elements are more durable than the solder and the filler material, this ensures that the hard material elements never wear out completely.
  • the methods differ essentially in that, according to some embodiments, the area is produced directly on the base body or the entire hard material coating is produced directly on the base body. Alternatively, the areas can be produced separately (this is described in Fig. 3c described) and then arranged on the base body to form the hard material coating.
  • a mixture comprising at least the solder and the hard material elements as well as optional fillers and possibly a liquid component are introduced into a template 340 on the base body 101 with the aid of a metering device 342.
  • the template comprises at least one, preferably a large number of recesses into which the mixture can be introduced.
  • the recesses can be separated from one another in the template, for example by partitions, so that when the template rests on the base body, a mixture introduced into one recess cannot pass into another recess by running along the base body.
  • the template therefore has a base area that is essentially complementary to the surface of the base body and in which the recesses are arranged, so that when the template is placed on the base body, the template preferably has no distance from the base body that is greater than the smallest diameter of a hard material element and/or the filler material. This prevents hard material elements and/or the filler material from spreading under the partition walls.
  • While basically the dosing device 342 in the in Fig. 3a illustrated embodiment comprises only one opening through which the mixture is dispensed, it can also be provided that one or more metering devices are provided, with each metering device dispensing one component, which then forms part of the hard material covering.
  • a first metering device can dispense the solder in solid form (for example as a powder) and a second metering device or a second metering opening of the first metering device can introduce the hard material elements into the recess. This is preferably done simultaneously, so that the distribution of the solder and the hard material elements is as random as possible.
  • the filling material can be distributed analogously.
  • a single metering device 342 is shown, which can be arranged over a recess at a given time, it can also be provided that a metering device is provided for each recess in the template, so that each recess in the template is simultaneously with all the others Recesses can be equipped with the mixture.
  • a roller 352 is used to divide a hard material coating that is initially applied continuously to the base body 101 into individual regions 351.
  • the roller can either comprise cutting elements 352 that cut through the hard material coating when the roller is placed on it or when the roller is guided past it, or it can be provided (not shown here) that recesses are arranged in the surface of the roller that are designed as a negative to the regions 351 to be formed (i.e. in particular extend into the surface of the roller). If the roller is then pressed onto the hard material coating 350 from the side opposite the base body 101 with a sufficiently high contact pressure, the mixture is pressed into the recesses in the roller and the individual regions are thus formed.
  • a single layer of hard material elements remains between the multi-layer regions 351. Nevertheless, the regions 351 are to be regarded as essentially separated from one another. Likewise, for this embodiment and any other embodiment, the base body does not have to be exposed between the individual regions. Instead, a single layer of hard material elements may remain between the individual areas also contain solder and/or occasionally a substantially single-layer mixture of solder and hard material elements and/or filler material. Nevertheless, the areas are considered to be separate from one another within the meaning of the invention, provided that there is at least no multi-layer arrangement of hard material elements in a space between the areas.
  • the mixture consisting of the (solid) solder and the hard material elements and, if necessary, filler material further comprises at least one liquid component.
  • This liquid component is preferably such that it evaporates completely when it is subsequently passed through an oven.
  • a liquid component By introducing a liquid component into the mixture, it can be converted into a viscous/pasty mixture, which means its dosage using the metering device 342 and/or its distribution using the roller Fig. 3b can simplify.
  • a corresponding liquid component for the in Fig. 3a and b As described embodiments are particularly advantageous, a corresponding provision of a liquid component can in principle be provided for the mixture consisting of solder and hard material elements and/or filling material, provided that this is considered appropriate depending on the manufacturing process.
  • the individual areas are first produced and only then applied to the base body 101.
  • the areas are produced, for example, using a negative mold 360 with suitable recesses 361, by creating these recesses, for example with the aid of a metering device (not shown here) (see for example Fig. 3a ) a mixture consisting at least of solder and the hard material elements and optionally of filler material and / or a liquid component is introduced.
  • the negative mold is then placed together with the mixture in an oven where the temperature is high enough to liquefy the solder. Once the solder has liquefied sufficiently, the negative mold can be removed from the oven and the areas created in the recesses can be cooled so that the solder solidifies again and the areas are finished.
  • the areas 362 can then be removed from the respective recess 361 and placed on the base body 101.
  • a binding agent 363 is applied to the base body at least in an area in which the areas 362 are to be applied.
  • This binding agent can be solder, for example, so that in a subsequent heating process, for example in an oven, this solder can be liquefied and then hardened, so that a connection is made between the regions 362 and the base body 101.
  • the solder can, but does not have to, be the same solder that is used to produce the regions.
  • solder as binder 363 is preferred. It should be noted that the solder (or generally binder) must be distributed on the base body 101 at least in the area on which the individual areas 362 are then arranged. However, it can also be provided that the solder (or other binding agents) is distributed over the entire surface of the base body, which later forms the hard material covering.
  • the binding agent in particular the solder, can be applied to the entire surface of the imaginary circle. This can simplify the dosage of the binder/solder.
  • Fig. 3d shows another embodiment of the method.
  • the areas 371, 372, 373 are also using a metering device 342 (see for example Fig. 3a ) applied directly to the surface of the base body 101.
  • a metering device 342 see for example Fig. 3a
  • the areas are applied to the surface of the base body as a “free form”, for example using CNC processes.
  • the mixture has a viscosity that is sufficiently high to prevent the applied areas from flowing but at the same time is low enough to achieve the most flexible application of the mixture to the surface of the base body using the metering device .
  • the application of the areas as "free form” is to be understood here as meaning that there is no static or any other physical template that separates the areas on the surface of the base body on which the mixture is to be applied from other areas of the surface of the base body, on which the mixture is not to be applied.
  • the division of the surface into areas exposed to the mixture and areas not exposed to the mixture is effected by controlling the dosing device and its movement relative to the base body.
  • a program can be stored in a control unit (computer) of the metering device that determines the amount of mixture to be dispensed depending on the point or location on the base body.
  • the metering device 342 can then preferably be moved in at least two dimensions (see the arrows shown) relative to the base body 101 and thus apply one or more areas 371, 372 and 373 of any shape and any number of areas 371, 372 and 373 to the surface of the base body in accordance with the program.
  • Fig.4 a further development of the previously described embodiments is shown. While the previously described embodiments only concerned the production of a tool with an area whose layer thickness corresponds to a multiple of the average diameter of the hard material elements, in the Fig.4 It is intended that after producing such an area or an entire hard material coating, a further process step is carried out.
  • Fig.4 In the left illustration, it can be seen that a corresponding region 410 with first hard material elements 412 and a first solder 411 (and possibly filler materials not shown) has been applied. This region was not only applied, but also heated in an oven and the solder was then hardened again so that the region 410 is completely produced.
  • second region 420 is then applied at least partially over the region 410 using a corresponding method, the second region comprising second hard material elements 422 and/or a second solder 421 (and possibly further filling materials if necessary).
  • the second area differs from the first area at least with respect to either the hard material elements 422 used or the solder used.
  • the areas 410 and 420 are the same size, it can also be provided that the area 410 is in the in Fig. 4
  • the plane shown extends further than the area 420.
  • the first area 410 can be provided as a cuboid with dimensions A, B, C.
  • the second area can also be provided as a cuboid with dimensions D, E, F, with at least one of the dimensions D, E or F being smaller than the corresponding dimension A, B or C.
  • the second area 420 completely covers the first area 410. In this In the case not shown here, the area 420 in the right figure would be in Fig. 4 then include area 410.
  • the invention can be used to provide tools with a hard material coating, which can later be used for one or more of grinding, roughing, polishing, cutting, milling, peeling, removing, etc. It is also conceivable that the hard material coating can be used as wear protection.
  • the hard material coating In order to adapt the hard material coating to the respective use, it can be provided that in particular at least one of the hard material elements used, the solder used, any filling materials used, the layer thickness, the ratio between the area of the supporting part and the area of the chip space depending on the intended use for the tool is already adapted to the use during the manufacture of the tool and in particular of the hard material coating.
  • the areas can be arranged in several groups and in particular in tracks whose extent in one direction along the surface corresponds to a multiple (for example at least ten times) of the extent in another direction along the surface of the base body. be particularly advantageous.
  • a large chip space is provided here to accommodate the chippings from the roughed object that occur during roughing.
  • a hard solder bond and, if available, hard fillers or filling material can be provided.
  • the hard material elements can take up a large volume.
  • the hard material covering is used as wear protection, a hard solder bond can be used, but the hard material elements can be relatively small. Since the hard material serves as protection, a chip space is not necessary or can be even smaller compared to grinding/polishing.
  • the tool with the hard material coating is used to separate objects, hard to soft solder bonds can be used in principle.
  • the chip space is very variable.
  • the size of the hard material elements is also variable.
  • the coating must be on the circumference of the tool. This can be used to separate ceramics and plastics, as well as other materials.
  • the properties of the hard material coating can be selected according to the properties required for roughing and wear protection. Such tools can then be used, for example, to peel peas or grind sugar or powder.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)

Claims (22)

  1. Outil (100), par exemple une meule plane ou une meule circonférentielle, avec un corps de base (101) et un revêtement en matériau dur (102) agencé sur celui-ci, dans lequel le revêtement en matériau dur (102) comprend au moins dans une zone (241) une pluralité d'éléments en matériau dur (252) agencés en une couche, dans lequel la couche présente une épaisseur de couche (d) qui correspond à un multiple et à au moins deux fois le diamètre moyen des éléments en matériau dur (252) et dans lequel les éléments en matériau dur (252) sont maintenus dans la couche au moyen d'une brasure (251) et les éléments en matériau dur (252) sont répartis de manière aléatoire le long de l'épaisseur de la couche, dans lequel les éléments en matériau dur (252) présentent une taille de 0,1 à 1 mm ou plus et/ou dans lequel les éléments en matériau dur comprennent des fragments dont la taille est d'environ 1 mm3.
  2. Outil selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le revêtement en matériau dur est relié au corps de base au moyen d'une brasure.
  3. Outil selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel la zone s'étend sur l'ensemble du revêtement en matériau dur.
  4. Outil selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel le revêtement en matériau dur comprend plusieurs zones, dans lequel les zones sont espacées les unes des autres dans le revêtement en matériau dur.
  5. Outil selon la revendication 4, dans lequel au moins une zone présente une forme polyédrique, par exemple une forme parallélépipédique ou une forme pyramidale ; et/ou
    dans lequel au moins une zone présente une forme de piste, dans lequel la piste présente une largeur de piste et une longueur de piste et la longueur de piste est au moins 10 fois plus grande que la largeur de piste.
  6. Outil selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 ou 5, dans lequel au moins certaines zones présentent la même forme et ces zones sont agencées selon un motif bidimensionnel régulier dans le revêtement en matériau dur.
  7. Outil selon la revendication 6, dans lequel le motif bidimensionnel régulier est un réseau de Bravais bidimensionnel.
  8. Outil selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, dans lequel la brasure est constituée d'un alliage métallique ou comprend un tel alliage métallique.
  9. Outil selon la revendication 8, dans lequel l'alliage métallique comprend du nickel et/ou de l'argent.
  10. Outil selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, dans lequel la couche comprend en outre un matériau de remplissage qui est différent de la brasure et des éléments en matériau dur.
  11. Procédé de fabrication d'un outil (100), par exemple une meule plane ou une meule circonférentielle, comprenant un corps de base (101) et un revêtement en matériau dur (102) agencé sur celui-ci, dans lequel une pluralité d'éléments en matériau dur (252) sont agencés en une couche pour le revêtement en matériau dur (102) au moins dans une zone (241), dans lequel la couche présente une épaisseur de couche (d) qui correspond à un multiple et à au moins deux fois le diamètre moyen des éléments en matériau dur (252) et dans lequel les éléments en matériau dur (252) sont agencés et reliés les uns aux autres au moyen d'une brasure (251) dans la couche et les éléments en matériau dur (252) sont répartis de manière aléatoire le long de l'épaisseur de couche et dans lequel le revêtement en matériau dur (102) est relié au corps de base (101) pour fabriquer l'outil (100), dans lequel les éléments en matériau dur (252) présentent une taille de 0,1 à 1 mm ou plus grande que 1 mm et plus petite que 2 mm et/ou dans lequel les éléments en matériau dur (252) comprennent des fragments dont la taille est d'environ 1 mm3.
  12. Procédé selon la revendication 11, dans lequel le revêtement en matériau dur est reliée au corps de base au moyen d'une brasure, pour fabriquer l'outil.
  13. Procédé selon la revendication 11 ou 12, dans lequel au moins la zone est reliée au corps de base pendant la création de la zone.
  14. Procédé selon la revendication 13, dans lequel un gabarit est agencé sur le corps de base, qui présente au moins un évidement correspondant à la zone qui, lorsque le gabarit est appliqué sur le corps de base, est limité d'un côté par le corps de base, dans lequel des éléments en matériau dur et de la brasure sont ensuite introduits dans l'évidement, puis la brasure durcit, de sorte que les éléments en matériau dur sont reliés les uns aux autres et la zone est reliée au corps de base.
  15. Procédé selon la revendication 13, dans lequel des éléments en matériau dur et de la brasure sont appliqués sur une zone du corps de base au moyen d'un dispositif de dosage, puis la brasure durcit, de sorte que les éléments en matériau dur sont reliés les uns aux autres et la zone est reliée au corps de base.
  16. Procédé selon la revendication 14 ou 15, dans lequel la brasure est partiellement appliquée sur le corps de base en même temps que les éléments en matériau dur.
  17. Procédé selon la revendication 11 ou 12, dans lequel la zone est préparée avant que la zone ne soit reliée au corps de base.
  18. Procédé selon la revendication 17, dans lequel les éléments en matériau dur et la brasure sont placés dans une forme négative qui correspond au négatif de la forme de la zone, dans lequel, après que la brasure a durci, le segment est retiré dde la forme et placé sur le corps de base et relié au corps de base pour créer la zone du revêtement en matériau dur.
  19. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 11 à 18, dans lequel un mélange de la brasure et des éléments en matériau dur est préparé avant la création de la zone, qui est ensuite utilisé pour créer la zone, dans lequel le mélange comprend en outre au moins un matériau de remplissage et un additif liquide.
  20. Procédé selon la revendication 19, dans lequel le mélange est appliqué sur le corps de base, puis la au moins une zone est formée à l'aide d'un rouleau avant que la brasure ne durcisse.
  21. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 11 à 20, dans lequel, après durcissement, une zone supplémentaire est formée sur un côté de la zone opposé au corps de base, dans lequel la zone et la seconde zone se distinguent par au moins un type d'éléments en matériau dur, le type de brasure, un type de corps de remplissage.
  22. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 11 à 21, dans lequel un procédé de brasage est utilisé pour lier la brasure aux éléments en matériau dur, dans lequel la brasure est d'abord liquéfiée puis solidifiée à nouveau, dans lequel le procédé de brasage est un procédé de brasage sous vide ou un procédé de brasage sous atmosphère protectrice.
EP19159174.2A 2019-02-25 2019-02-25 Outil pourvu de corps de base et de revêtement en matériau dur agencé sur ledit corps ainsi que procédé de fabrication d'un outil Active EP3698921B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19159174.2A EP3698921B1 (fr) 2019-02-25 2019-02-25 Outil pourvu de corps de base et de revêtement en matériau dur agencé sur ledit corps ainsi que procédé de fabrication d'un outil

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19159174.2A EP3698921B1 (fr) 2019-02-25 2019-02-25 Outil pourvu de corps de base et de revêtement en matériau dur agencé sur ledit corps ainsi que procédé de fabrication d'un outil

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3698921A1 EP3698921A1 (fr) 2020-08-26
EP3698921B1 true EP3698921B1 (fr) 2024-04-03
EP3698921C0 EP3698921C0 (fr) 2024-04-03

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EP19159174.2A Active EP3698921B1 (fr) 2019-02-25 2019-02-25 Outil pourvu de corps de base et de revêtement en matériau dur agencé sur ledit corps ainsi que procédé de fabrication d'un outil

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Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4131436A (en) * 1977-09-12 1978-12-26 Wiand Ronald C Ophthalmic flat roughing wheel
US6039641A (en) 1997-04-04 2000-03-21 Sung; Chien-Min Brazed diamond tools by infiltration
CN1177676C (zh) * 2000-09-13 2004-12-01 联合材料公司 镜面抛光加工用超级抛光轮
WO2009013716A2 (fr) * 2007-07-23 2009-01-29 Element Six Limited Mise en place d'un matériau extra dur

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EP3698921C0 (fr) 2024-04-03

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