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EP3682185B1 - Maschinengewehr - Google Patents

Maschinengewehr Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3682185B1
EP3682185B1 EP18762866.4A EP18762866A EP3682185B1 EP 3682185 B1 EP3682185 B1 EP 3682185B1 EP 18762866 A EP18762866 A EP 18762866A EP 3682185 B1 EP3682185 B1 EP 3682185B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ammunition
belt
machine gun
feed
cover
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP18762866.4A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3682185A1 (de
Inventor
Pascal Marcel Henri Denis Franssen
Damien Nicole Freddy VERHAEGEN
Robert Beckers
Paul Michotte
Antoine GODBILLE
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
FN Herstal SA
Original Assignee
FN Herstal SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from EP17198582.3A external-priority patent/EP3477241A1/de
Application filed by FN Herstal SA filed Critical FN Herstal SA
Publication of EP3682185A1 publication Critical patent/EP3682185A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3682185B1 publication Critical patent/EP3682185B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A9/00—Feeding or loading of ammunition; Magazines; Guiding means for the extracting of cartridges
    • F41A9/54—Cartridge guides, stops or positioners, e.g. for cartridge extraction
    • F41A9/55—Fixed or movable guiding means, mounted on, or near, the cartridge chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A3/00—Breech mechanisms, e.g. locks
    • F41A3/64—Mounting of breech-blocks; Accessories for breech-blocks or breech-block mountings
    • F41A3/66—Breech housings or frames; Receivers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A9/00—Feeding or loading of ammunition; Magazines; Guiding means for the extracting of cartridges
    • F41A9/29—Feeding of belted ammunition
    • F41A9/32—Reciprocating-slide-type belt transporters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A9/00—Feeding or loading of ammunition; Magazines; Guiding means for the extracting of cartridges
    • F41A9/29—Feeding of belted ammunition
    • F41A9/32—Reciprocating-slide-type belt transporters
    • F41A9/33—Reciprocating-slide-type belt transporters with cartridge stripping means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A9/00—Feeding or loading of ammunition; Magazines; Guiding means for the extracting of cartridges
    • F41A9/54—Cartridge guides, stops or positioners, e.g. for cartridge extraction
    • F41A9/58—Cartridge stops; Cartridge positioners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A9/00—Feeding or loading of ammunition; Magazines; Guiding means for the extracting of cartridges
    • F41A9/59—Ejectors for clips or magazines, e.g. when empty
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A9/00—Feeding or loading of ammunition; Magazines; Guiding means for the extracting of cartridges
    • F41A9/61—Magazines
    • F41A9/79—Magazines for belted ammunition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B39/00—Packaging or storage of ammunition or explosive charges; Safety features thereof; Cartridge belts or bags
    • F42B39/08—Cartridge belts

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a machine gun, to the supply system and to the frame of such a machine gun, as for example described in US2545068A .
  • the ergonomics of a weapon is a rather specific notion in the sense that it brings together a certain number of criteria ranging from the mass and size of a weapon to its grip in the shooting and handling conditions. It is generally accepted that a weapon with better ergonomics is a weapon that allows its user to better fulfill his role within his unit. Improving the weapon's ergonomics can translate into different ways in the field. It can lead to an increase in the mobility of the user, an improvement in the availability of the weapon on the ground, an facilitation of the use of the weapon...
  • a machine gun is understood to mean a firearm capable of firing a strip of ammunition, as opposed to firearms being fed from a magazine (rifle or pistol).
  • the ammunition belt consists of a series of cartridges linked together by links, said links detaching from each other when the cartridges are extracted.
  • the carcass of a machine gun is the central part of the weapon, which acts both as the main structural element, but also as a reference base for the positioning of all the added or assembled parts which carry out the operating cycle of tear.
  • the functions related to the tape feed are present in the upper part of the weapon.
  • the ammunition strip being placed manually on a feed passage before being held by various elements present in the feed cover.
  • the main advantage of this configuration is that it facilitates handling of rearmament and resolution of firing incidents due to the horizontal positioning of the supply corridor as well as due to the good accessibility, both visual and touch, of the elements carrying out power functions.
  • a disadvantage of this architecture is that, since the sighting systems are placed above the barrel, it is necessary to integrate them partially (mechanical sighting devices with front sight eyelet) or completely (modular sighting devices mounted via a standard Picatinny rail) on the weapon's feed cover. This results in some inaccuracy in the alignment of the aiming point and the point of impact of the projectiles due to the uncertainty of the repositioning of the feed cover each time it is opened and closed.
  • the carcass of a machine gun is made by assembling intermediate components.
  • the objective is to be able to carry out the finishing machining of the various parts with precision before assembling them.
  • the various components have an “open” shape which allows access to cutting tools (for milling or turning).
  • this opening is generally made in the upper part of the carcass because it will be covered by the feed cover which is removable to allow the installation of a new band.
  • the ejection of the links is generally carried out by the dynamics of the band in motion: when the band is pushed by its advance mechanism, the link released from its cartridge is directed towards its ejection window. out of the carcass.
  • the link released from its cartridge is directed towards its ejection window. out of the carcass.
  • 2 links remain to be ejected. No mechanism is provided for this particular case of the last cartridge.
  • the main risk of this mode of operation is to allow a link to enter inside the carcass through the opening of the feed passage which allows the passage of the bolt and the cartridge. If a link enters inside the carcass it will cause a shooting incident by blocking the movement and the mechanism of the parts included inside the weapon. This risk is increased if the machine gun's feed passage is tilted from the horizontal: gravity can then direct the link towards the opening of the feed passage.
  • a second problem is that the last link generally remains on the feed corridor, the soldier must usually "clean" this before positioning a new strip, and there is therefore an associated loss of time.
  • the invention relates to a machine gun according to claim 1.
  • Preferred embodiments are defined in dependent claims 2 to 5.
  • the present description essentially describes an example of a weapon implementing the present invention.
  • longitudinal when referring to a feed corridor, or the movement of an ammunition belt refers to the direction of travel feed of the strip, the barrel therefore being in the transverse direction with respect to the longitudinal direction of feed of the weapon.
  • the figure 1 represents an example of a machine gun according to the invention.
  • This machine gun has a side feed allowing the use of a Picatinny 21 type rail, continuous and fixed on the top of the carcass body 22.
  • a Picatinny 21 type rail continuous and fixed on the top of the carcass body 22.
  • other types of accessory attachment interfaces could be used.
  • the figure 2 shows a perspective view of the feed corridor with an ammunition strip 5 positioned, cover 2 open.
  • This cover comprises closing means 19 cooperating with corresponding means on the carcass 22.
  • the picture 3 represents the same corridor, without the strip of ammunition 5, which makes it possible to distinguish the pawls 15 and 14, pushing respectively on the front part of the penultimate ammunition, and on the central part 10 of the penultimate link.
  • These pawls 14, 15 project from the sliding surface 3 of the ammunition strip 5. As we will see later, the central position of the pawl 14 makes it possible to eject the last link.
  • This horizontal component allows a non-return pawl 12 to push on the penultimate ammunition (or rather here on the central part of the penultimate link. This positioning movement is better illustrated in the sections of figure 4 and 5 .
  • the cover is not yet closed, and the strip rests on the strip advance pawls 16, 15.
  • These pawls 15,16 free to rotate around their axis, do not allow precise positioning of the strip 5 .
  • the position of the advance pawls depends on the position of the bolt 17 and of the moving parts, which is not unequivocal during the placement of the band, in particular in the case of a weapon operating with an open bolt: the bolt 17 can be in the forward position, chamber empty and locked, or the lock 17 is in the rear position, chamber empty.
  • the pawls 14, 15, 16 of advancement will be at different positions.
  • the repositioning of the band can be obtained in other ways, the main thing being that the closing movement of the lid can induce a readjustment movement of the band parallel to the sliding of the latter.
  • Such an alternative example is shown for a horizontal supply corridor 100 at the figures 18 to 21 .
  • the band 5 slides on a horizontal surface 102 and is correctly positioned by non-return pawls 101 actuated by closing the cover 107.
  • the non-return pawls 101 are fixed on a slider 103 comprising a inclined surface 105 cooperating with a corresponding inclined surface 106 on the cover 107.
  • the non-return pawls 101, 12 can be erased to allow the successive munitions 18 to pass in the normal feed direction.
  • the lateral positioning of the power supply figures 2 to 12 , as well as the opening direction of the lid 2 and of the feed passage along a vertical axis also makes it possible to release the upper face of the carcass, and allows the fixing of a fixed rail 21 on a carcass body 22 essentially tubular .
  • the 45° inclination of the sliding plane 3 of the feed passage has the advantage already mentioned of allowing, in combination with the axis of rotation 4 of the vertical cover, the adjustment of the ammunition in position. Moreover, this inclination facilitates the positioning of the band, by hooking the band on the advance pawls 14, 15, 16 either by keeping the weapon vertical (which is not possible for weapons with a vertical feed passage), or by tilting the weapon by only 45° to place the horizontal passage . It is understood that other angles of inclination are possible, provided that the lateral space is sufficiently limited, and that the horizontal component of the sliding plane 3 is sufficient so that the strip of stably on the advance pawls 14, 15 16 without tilting the weapon. Reasonable angles of inclination are between 20 and 70°, preferably between 30 and 60°.
  • the figures 5 to 8 illustrate the operation of the power system of the example of the invention.
  • the machine gun operates according to a so-called “open bolt” cycle, ie a device in which, when not firing, the bolt 17 and the moving parts are in the rear position, chamber open and empty.
  • the complete cycle of a shot is then as follows: The release of the trigger releases the moving parts and the lock 17, which introduces in passing, via its ergo 20, an ammunition 18 into the chamber. At the end of the forward movement, the bolt is locked to the bolt ring, behind the barrel chamber. This forward movement is induced by a recoil spring compressed during the rearward movement of the moving parts. The ammunition is then struck, and gas recovery in the last section of the barrel allows the moving parts to be returned to the rear by compressing the recuperator spring.
  • the moving parts After the firing of the last ammunition, the trigger being generally kept pressed, the moving parts perform a final forward movement, and the weapon finds itself with the breech closed, the chamber empty. Depending on whether the user reloads the mechanism before or after placing the ammunition strip, the moving parts are therefore in a forward or reverse position.
  • the figure 5 shows the weapon in the waiting position, moving parts towards the rear, ammunition in position, the lug 20 of the bolt 17 placed behind the ammunition in position.
  • the band advance pawls 14, 15, 16 are in the low position behind the penultimate ammunition, the band rests on the non-return pawl 12 and the holding valves 11 press on the links and hold the ammunition in position in the middle of the opening of the feed corridor, ready to be fed by the lock 17.
  • a ejection claw 13 pushes on the front side parts 9 of the penultimate link.
  • the figures 9 to 12 illustrate the ejection of the last two links, during the firing of the last ammunition.
  • the last ammunition is in position and the central part 10 of the last link rests on the non-return pawl 12.
  • the lateral advancement pawls 15 and 16 no longer rest on ammunition and can no longer push on the rest of the gang.
  • Only the central pawl 14 is still facing the central part 10 of the penultimate link, which, at the start of the cycle, rests on the non-return pawl 12.
  • the ammunition is loaded into the chamber.
  • FIG 13 shows a section of the supply corridor, with ammunition in position.
  • retractable slides 6, 7 could be replaced by holding surfaces facing the sliding surface 3 directly fixed (see, forming part) to the side faces 23, 8 of the feed passage, or these surfaces, either the walls of the feed passage being sufficiently flexible to allow the placement "in force" of the strip.
  • the figure 14 shows a tape drive claw.
  • This claw has three pawls 14, 15, 16.
  • the two lateral pawls bear directly on the penultimate ammunition, respectively in front of and behind the front lateral parts 9 of the penultimate link.
  • the pawl 14 meanwhile pushes on the central part 10 of the penultimate link.
  • These three pawls 14, 15, 16 can be integral, or, preferably, the central pawl 14 is elastically linked to the other two pawls, for example via a torsion spring. Indeed there is a space between the ammunition which allows a greater amplitude of movement for the side pawls 15, 16 than for the central pawl, blocked by the surface linking the successive links. Therefore, the support offered by the central pawl 14 provides a less reliable support, and potentially prevents the side pawls from taking an optimal position. Separating the central pawl 14 then allows an optimal range of motion for the side pawls 15, 16.
  • the figure 15 shows a tubular carcass body 22.
  • This closed geometry makes it possible to obtain better rigidity, and in particular better resistance to torsion than open profiles.
  • the lateral positioning of the feed corridor allows the attachment of a fixed Picatinny rail 21.
  • the positioning of the carcass side tape feed mechanism rather than in the cover allows a side opening of short length, which further improves the mechanical properties of the assembly.
  • the figure 16 shows an exploded view of the feed alley.
  • the two springs 24 holding the slides 6, 7 can be seen there.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Maschinengewehr (1), umfassend einen Versorgungskorridor, der eine Hauptgleitfläche (3) eines Bandes (5) der Munition, seitliche Flächen (8, 23), die bei Verwendung das Band (5) der Munition (18) führen und Halteflächen (25, 29) des Bandes (5), die am oberen Rand der seitlichen Flächen (8, 23) positioniert sind, umfasst, wobei die besagte Halteflächen (25, 29) der Gleitfläche (3) gegenüberliegen und die besagte Halteflächen (29, 25) derart geöffnet sind, dass das Einsetzen des Bandes (5) der Munition (18) gestattet ist, wobei die Halteflächen, die schmal und elastisch sind, ein Einsetzen des Bandes (5) unter Krafteinwirkung gestatten oder wobei die Halteflächen (25, 29) des Bandes (5) zu Gleitschienen (6, 7) gehören, die entlang der oberen Ränder der seitlichen Flächen (8, 23) des Versorgungskorridors angeordnet sind, wobei diese Gleitschienen (6, 7) von Federn (24) in Halteposition gehalten werden und eine geneigte obere Fläche (27, 28) besitzen, die das Platzieren des Bandes (5) der Munition (18) durch einfaches Drücken desselben gegen die geneigte Fläche (27, 28) der Gleitschiene (6, 7) gestattet.
  2. Maschinengewehr (1) nach Anspruch 1, wobei die einziehbare/n Gleitschiene/n (6, 7) eine Schräge (26) am Eingang des Versorgungskorridors besitzt/besitzen, die das Entfernen eines Bandes (5) der Munition (18) durch die Verdrehung des Bandes (5) erlaubt.
  3. Maschinengewehr (1) nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, umfassend einen Deckel (2) des Versorgungskorridors, dessen Verschlussbewegung eine Korrektur der Längsposition des Bandes (5) der Munition (18) im Versorgungskorridor bewirkt.
  4. Maschinengewehr (1) nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, umfassend einen Auswurfmechanismus der zwei letzten Glieder des besagten Bandes (5).
  5. Maschinengewehr (1) nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, umfassend einen Karkassenkörper (22), der eine im Wesentlichen rohrförmige Geometrie aufweist.
EP18762866.4A 2017-09-11 2018-09-10 Maschinengewehr Active EP3682185B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP17190388 2017-09-11
EP17198582.3A EP3477241A1 (de) 2017-10-26 2017-10-26 Maschinengewehr
PCT/EP2018/074287 WO2019048671A1 (fr) 2017-09-11 2018-09-10 Mitrailleuse

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3682185A1 EP3682185A1 (de) 2020-07-22
EP3682185B1 true EP3682185B1 (de) 2022-07-06

Family

ID=63452669

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18762866.4A Active EP3682185B1 (de) 2017-09-11 2018-09-10 Maschinengewehr

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US11209228B2 (de)
EP (1) EP3682185B1 (de)
JP (1) JP7201669B2 (de)
KR (1) KR102552818B1 (de)
AU (1) AU2018328049B2 (de)
CA (1) CA3075311A1 (de)
DK (1) DK3682185T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2928299T3 (de)
IL (1) IL273133B2 (de)
SG (1) SG11202001837VA (de)
WO (1) WO2019048671A1 (de)
ZA (1) ZA202002375B (de)

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2121794A (en) * 1937-05-12 1938-06-28 Samuel G Green Cartridge guide and stop for machine guns
US2545068A (en) * 1945-02-16 1951-03-13 Associated Spring Corp Cartridge guide and stop for machine guns

Family Cites Families (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US951999A (en) * 1908-10-05 1910-03-15 Vickers Sons & Maxim Ltd Cartridge-feed mechanism of maxim guns.
US2383830A (en) * 1941-06-10 1945-08-28 Bell Aircraft Corp Aerial cannon ammunition feed assist accessory mechanism
US2405207A (en) * 1942-07-29 1946-08-06 Samuel G Green Gun feed mechanism
US2464905A (en) * 1943-04-30 1949-03-22 Glenn L Martin Co Ammunition conveying system
US2589250A (en) * 1946-04-18 1952-03-18 Robert C Heenan Short round device
US2444936A (en) * 1946-05-02 1948-07-13 Richard J Macfarlane Cartridge belt link guide
US2622483A (en) * 1949-07-18 1952-12-23 Gerald W Kinzelman Ammunition positioning device for guns
US2820401A (en) * 1954-05-17 1958-01-21 Frank A Pachmayr Machine gun anti-jamming device
US3333506A (en) * 1965-06-07 1967-08-01 Gen Electric Side stripping mechanism for linked ammunition
GB1257772A (de) * 1966-11-29 1971-12-22
US3899954A (en) * 1973-07-09 1975-08-19 Pacific Car & Foundry Co Empty cartridge forward ejection mechanism for rapid fire weapon
JP3195934B2 (ja) * 1991-03-12 2001-08-06 株式会社日本製鋼所 機関砲砲車用の弾薬搬送装置
SE9302181D0 (sv) * 1992-06-26 1993-06-23 Denel (Proprietary) Ltd Ammunition feeder chute
US8800420B2 (en) * 2012-06-01 2014-08-12 Bulldog Equipment, LLC. Ammunition pouch with dispensor
US9823037B1 (en) * 2014-11-14 2017-11-21 Pathfinder Systems, Inc. Ammunition belt capture and release mechanism and method for an imitation machine gun
US10746493B1 (en) * 2019-08-19 2020-08-18 Sig Sauer, Inc. Recoil assembly for a machine gun

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2121794A (en) * 1937-05-12 1938-06-28 Samuel G Green Cartridge guide and stop for machine guns
US2545068A (en) * 1945-02-16 1951-03-13 Associated Spring Corp Cartridge guide and stop for machine guns

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR112020004259A2 (pt) 2020-09-29
ES2928299T3 (es) 2022-11-16
US20200292256A1 (en) 2020-09-17
IL273133B2 (en) 2024-11-01
AU2018328049A1 (en) 2020-03-12
IL273133B1 (en) 2024-07-01
EP3682185A1 (de) 2020-07-22
JP7201669B2 (ja) 2023-01-10
KR20200049829A (ko) 2020-05-08
US11209228B2 (en) 2021-12-28
CA3075311A1 (en) 2019-03-14
JP2020533553A (ja) 2020-11-19
IL273133A (en) 2020-04-30
SG11202001837VA (en) 2020-03-30
DK3682185T3 (da) 2022-10-03
KR102552818B1 (ko) 2023-07-07
ZA202002375B (en) 2021-06-30
WO2019048671A1 (fr) 2019-03-14
AU2018328049B2 (en) 2024-07-11

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