EP3507565B1 - Projectile with penetrator - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL AREA

The present invention relates to a projectile according to the preamble of claim 1.

STATE OF THE ART

A hard-core projectile or impact projectile is understood to be a projectile with high penetrating power, which has an armor-piercing effect. Such projectiles are used in particular by snipers and are intended for precise penetration of armored targets such as protective vests for people, armored glass, steel plates or light metal armor. These projectiles use the kinetic energy of their projectile to penetrate the target surface, eliminating the need for explosives or fuses in the projectile itself. The term penetrator is therefore a common term for the projectile. Bullets that have a core with a jacket are referred to as jacketed bullets. The jacket not only protects the barrel but also prevents the core from deforming or shattering when it hits a target. While full-metal jacketed bullets completely enclose the core and allow high bullet velocities, with soft-jacketed bullets the core is not surrounded by jacket material at the tip, so that when it hits a target, the less stable tip of the bullet is deformed by the high pressure of impact and penetration of the target and causes an effective energy release in the target object. Such ammunition is known in various designs.

So will in the WO 97/41404 discloses a small caliber bullet having a bullet core made of a hard and heavy material, the bullet core being disposed within a hollow bullet jacket.

From the U.S. 3,782,287 an armor-piercing projectile with a projectile jacket is known, with a hard metal core and a filling material being arranged in the projectile jacket.

the US 6,374,743 B1 discloses a small caliber projectile with a hard core arranged at the front and a soft core arranged at the rear. The rimfire bullet has a jacket made of steel, plated steel or brass.

From the WO 2006/010424 a hard-core projectile is known which has a projectile core. A penetrator is inserted into the bullet core and protrudes from the bullet core.

the U.S. 2016/153757 A1 relates to a projectile comprising a cylindrical body and a nose connected to the body. The nose includes a tip at a foremost portion and a plurality of cutout portions and cutting edges.

From the IL 79 191 A a projectile with a carrier body and a high density penetrator is known. A front portion of the carrier body is tapered and extends beyond the front of the penetrator.

the EP 0 343 389 A1 relates to a projectile core for a sabot projectile, which has a projectile core tip, a projectile core rear part and a projectile core middle part, which are connected to one another by a mandrel. The core of the bullet is made of brittle tungsten.

Due to their geometry and their ballistic properties, many of the projectiles known from the prior art have an insufficient penetration capability or hit probability of the armored target object.

PRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION

It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a projectile which overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art. A particularly preferred object is a Specify a projectile that has a high penetration power and increased precision.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by a projectile according to claim 1. Further embodiments are specified in the dependent claims.

A projectile comprising a retaining element and a penetrator is therefore specified, the penetrator being at least partially accommodated in a receiving opening of the retaining element running centrally to the projectile axis and having a penetrator front and a penetrator rear. The penetrator rear is cylindrical and the penetrator front is designed to taper conically from the penetrator rear in the direction of a penetrator tip towards the projectile axis. The length of the penetrator front is in relation to the length of the penetrator rear in an aspect ratio of about 1 to 1, preferably about 1 to 1.5, more preferably about 1 to 2.2.

In other words, the penetrator has a cylindrical tail and a conical or conical front, with the tail being longer than the front as viewed along the bullet axis. A conical or cone-shaped front means in particular that the front is conical or cone-shaped in the geometric sense. That is, the outer surface preferably runs at a constant angle to the central axis of the penetrator.

It is preferred that the cylindrical penetrator tail and the conical penetrator front are formed in a weight ratio of about 2 to 12, preferably about 4 to 10, to each other. In other words, it is preferred that the cylindrical penetrator tail has a weight which is about 2 to 12 times greater, preferably about 4 to 10 times greater than the weight of the conical penetrator front.

These weight distributions result in increased precision.

The penetrator front preferably has a cone angle of between 10° and 20°, preferably 13°. This means that the penetrator front, which tapers conically from the rear of the penetrator in the direction of the penetrator tip, has a diameter which becomes smaller along this direction, so that the penetrator front has a smaller diameter in its front area than in its rear area.

The penetrator tip may have a flat face extending perpendicular to the bullet axis. Alternatively, the penetrator may have a pointed end.

The conically tapering penetrator front thus preferably opens into a penetrator tip, which forms a straight angle. This means that the penetrator tip can be a so-called flat tip. The diameter of the penetrator tip is preferably between about 0.4 and 1.2 mm, more preferably about 0.8 mm.

It is preferred that the total length of the penetrator is between 35 mm and 55 mm, preferably 45 mm, and/or that the length of the penetrator front is between 12 mm and 17 mm, preferably 14 mm, and/or that the length of the penetrator tail is between 15 mm and 44 mm, preferably 31 mm.

The diameter of the penetrator tail is preferably between 6 mm and 9 mm, preferably 7 mm.

It is preferred that the total length of the penetrator, ie the sum of the length of the penetrator front and the length of the penetrator tail, and the diameter of the penetrator tail are in a ratio of about 4 to 10, preferably about 5 to 9, to one another. In other words, it is preferred that the overall length of the penetrator is about 4 to 10 times longer, preferably about 5 to 9 times longer than the diameter of the penetrator tail.

These length ratios have a positive effect on the penetrating power, which means that the penetrator has a high penetrating power and can cover a longer distance in a target object before it is stopped.

The penetrator is preferably formed in one piece from the penetrator front and the penetrator rear and preferably consists of a material with a higher density than the holding element, in particular tungsten carbide.

A large impact force on the target object and an armor-piercing effect can be achieved by the penetrator consisting of a material with a high density, which gives the penetrator great strength or hardness. Thus, the penetrator is preferably made of an alloy whose main component is tungsten, e.g. However, it is also possible for the penetrator to consist of a single element, e.g. tungsten.

In the case of a one-piece penetrator, the penetrator front and the penetrator rear are not designed as different components, but it is an integrally formed penetrator whose outer shape, viewed from the penetrator tip, is designed in a conical shape and merges into a cylindrical rear area.

According to an embodiment not according to the invention, the penetrator, in particular the penetrator front, protrudes from the holding element at the end.

If such a projectile with a protruding penetrator hits the target object, the penetrator unfolds its effect immediately, the energy which would be required for the deformation or disintegration of the holding element in the case of a completely covered penetrator being completely available to the penetrator.

It is preferred that the penetrator tail is received with a precise fit in the receiving opening of the holding element.

While the penetrator protrudes from the receiving opening of the holding element at the end, the rear area of the penetrator is received in the receiving opening. The penetrator can be fastened in the holding element by means of a non-positive connection, such as a press fit, in which the penetrator is pressed into the receiving opening in the holding element. The holding element preferably has a plurality of grooves with a reduced diameter in the region of the middle of the holding element. Other options for attachment are a material connection by soldering or gluing or a form-fitting attachment.

The holding element preferably has a frustoconical holding element rear, a cylindrical holding element center and a holding element front, which is designed to taper conically from the holding element center in the direction of the penetrator tip towards the projectile axis. Preferably, the retaining element front forms an extension of the conical tip of the penetrator and runs in the same direction as the conical tip of the penetrator.

It is preferred that the front of the holding element has a cone angle of between 10° and 20°, preferably 13°, and/or that the front of the holding element has a wall thickness which decreases continuously in the direction of the penetrator tip and preferably in the transition area between the penetrator front and the penetrator tail is zero so that the entire penetrator front is exposed.

In other words, there is preferably a seamless transition between the front of the holding element and the front of the penetrator. The lateral surface of the penetrator front can thus be seen as an extension of the lateral surface of the front of the holding element, which extends along the bullet axis and adjoins the lateral surface of the front of the holding element without a transition. Such a configuration of the projectile's outer surface results in good aerodynamic and ballistic properties.

The entire penetrator front therefore preferably protrudes from the holding element and already penetrates the target object before the holding element hits the target object, so that the projectile can very effectively deliver its kinetic energy to the target object. However, it is also possible for the front of the retaining element to also extend at least in regions over the rear of the penetrator, leaving both the penetrator tip and part of the rear of the penetrator uncovered, for example.

The rear of the holding element preferably has a truncated cone angle of between 5° and 15°, preferably 9°, and/or the diameter at the end of the truncated cone of the rear of the holding element is preferably between 9 mm and 11 mm, preferably 10 mm, and/or the holding element Tail preferably has a conical indentation.

The conical indentation is preferably located in the rear area of the rear of the holding element and serves to improve the flight characteristics of the projectile by stabilizing it.

The diameter of the middle of the holding element is preferably between 12.5 mm and 13.5 mm, preferably 12.98 mm, and/or the lateral surface of the middle of the holding element preferably has circumferential grooves. The grooves can be arranged in a rear area of the middle of the holding element. However, it is also conceivable that only a front area of the center of the retaining element or the entire center of the retaining element is provided with grooves. In particular, about a third to half of the lateral surface, starting from the rear end in the direction of the front end, is the middle of the holding element seen, provided with grooves. Two or more grooves are preferably provided, which are formed directly adjacent to one another in the lateral surface of the middle of the holding element, starting from the rear end of the middle of the holding element in the direction of the front end of the holding element. It is possible that the grooves are each arranged at the same distance from one another on the lateral surface. Alternatively, however, the grooves can also be at different distances from one another. For example, four grooves can be provided, with the distance between two adjacent grooves increasing progressively, starting from the rear end in the direction of the front end of the center of the holding element. Or the first two grooves in relation to the rear end of the middle of the holding element can be arranged at a first distance from one another and the last two grooves in relation to the rear end of the middle of the holding element can be arranged at a second distance from one another, which is greater or smaller than the first distance be. In addition, it is conceivable that the grooves each have an identical groove profile, ie have the same groove depth or extend into the lateral surface by the same amount and have the same groove shape. Conceivable groove shapes are, for example, semicircular or U-shaped grooves or rectangular grooves. A semicircular, U-shaped or rectangular groove is understood to mean a groove which delimits a semicircular, U-shaped or rectangular recess. However, it is also possible that the grooves each have different groove profiles. In addition to the same or different geometric shapes of the recess, the clear width of the recess can be the same or different in each case.

The groove depth is preferably between 0.5 mm and 2.0 mm, in particular 1.5 mm, and/or the clear width of the grooves is preferably between 1.0 mm and 2.0 mm, in particular 1.6 mm, and/or the distance between two adjacent grooves is preferably between 1 mm up to 2 mm, in particular 1.2 mm. Or to put it another way, the groove depth is preferably about one third of the clear width up to twice the clear width, in particular half the clear width up to once the clear width of the recess. The distance between two adjacent grooves is preferably half the clear width up to twice the clear width, in particular the distance corresponds approximately to the clear width.

The circumferential grooves are designed to interact with correspondingly designed trains in a gun barrel and serve to reduce the friction of the bullet in the gun barrel, lead to less barrel erosion and thus increase the service life of the weapon. In addition, together with the rest of the design of the bullet, in particular due to the penetrator, the grooves lead to an increase in performance. The friction reduction of the grooves and the material hardness and mass of the penetrator mean that the projectile hits a target with a high penetrating power and can penetrate steel plates, for example.

The holding element is preferably formed in one piece from the rear holding element, the center holding element and the front holding element and is preferably made of brass and/or brass alloys.

In the case of a one-piece retaining element, analogous to the one-piece penetrator, the retaining element front, the retaining element center and the retaining element rear are not formed as different components but are formed integrally, with the outer shape of the retaining element, viewed from the penetrator tip, in is conical in shape and merges into a cylindrical central area and then into a truncated cone-shaped rear area.

The overall length of the holding element is preferably between 35 mm and 55 mm, preferably 43 mm, and/or the length of the front of the holding element is preferably between 3 mm and 21 mm, preferably 13 mm, and/or the length of the middle of the holding element is preferably between 14mm and 42mm, preferably 21mm.

Preferably, with a total projectile mass of 100%, 60% of these are holding elements and 40% are penetrators.

These aspect ratios and mass distribution result in an ideal weight distribution for the present projectile with outstanding penetrator, with the center of gravity of the projectile being optimal for a ballistic trajectory.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the penetrator is preferably accommodated completely, and in particular with a precise fit, in the holding element.

In other words, the penetrator completely fills the receiving opening in the holding element.

The holding element preferably has a truncated cone-shaped rear holding element, a cylindrical holding element center and an ogival holding element front, with the holding element front transitioning into a truncated cone shape or dome shape in its front area.

According to the invention, the front of the retaining element, the middle of the retaining element and also the rear of the retaining element at least in some areas are encased in a sleeve, with the sleeve preferably being made of brass.

In the case of a rear retaining element that is only covered in some areas, for example, the rear area of the rear retaining element can be free of a cover. Instead of a rear retaining element that is only partially encased, a rear end of the retaining element that is completely encased, that is to say a retaining element that is completely encased overall, is also possible. The cover is preferably designed in such a way that it has the respective shape of the covered holding element area, namely ogival, cylindrical or truncated cone. In this case, it is preferred that the sleeve is directly adjacent to the holding element and is therefore applied directly to it. A compact, rotationally symmetrical and dimensionally accurate projectile which has good penetration properties can be provided by a casing which is in positive contact with the holding element.

The sleeve preferably has a thicker wall in the front area of the holding element front, and/or the sleeve preferably has a groove in the area of the middle of the holding element, and/or the sleeve preferably has a rear flange in the area of the holding element rear. According to the invention, the cover encloses an air space with the rear of the retaining element in the region of the rear of the retaining element.

The indentation can interact with correspondingly designed rifling in a gun barrel and serves to reduce the friction of the bullet in the gun barrel.

The front thickening of the shell reduces ricochets when firing at oblique angles on hard targets and also serves to determine the center of mass of the bullet.

The holding element center preferably has a truncated cone with a cone angle between 30° and 50°, preferably 45°, on the front side, and the holding element front preferably has an inner flange with the same cone angle on the rear side and is placed positively on the truncated cone. These cone angles allow an optimal, rotationally symmetrical centering of the front of the holding element on the middle of the holding element and thus also of the penetrator accommodated therein.

It is preferred that the center of the retaining element extends beyond the center of the penetrator, starting from the rear of the penetrator in the direction of the penetrator front, and/or that the front of the retaining element extends beyond the tip of the penetrator. In other words, the penetrator tip is completely surrounded by the front of the holding element.

The rear holding element and the middle holding element are preferably formed in one piece and consist of a plastic, in particular PET, or steel, and/or the front holding element consists of powdered substances or mixtures such as borax, incendiary or explosive devices.

In this case, therefore, the rear holding element and the center holding element are formed integrally, while the front holding element is a component formed separately therefrom. While the penetrator consists of a material with a very high density, the holding element has a material or materials with a lower density than the penetrator.

The overall length of the holding element is preferably between 53 mm and 55 mm, preferably 54 mm, and/or the length of the front of the holding element is preferably between 22 mm and 28 mm, preferably 26 mm, and/or the length the middle of the holding element is preferably between 19 mm and 25 mm, preferably 21 mm.

Preferably, with a total projectile mass of 100%, 10% are retaining element, 50% penetrator and 40% casing, and/or preferably, with a total retaining element mass of 100%, 40% are front retaining element, 50% are middle retaining element and 10% are retaining element -Rear.

These aspect ratios and mass distribution provide an ideal weight distribution for the present fully seated penetrator jacketed bullet with the bullet's center of gravity optimal for ballistic trajectory.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Fig. 1

eine Teilschnittansicht durch ein Geschoss gemäss einer nicht erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform;

Fig. 2

eine Vollschnittansicht durch das Geschoss gemäss Figur 1;

Fig. 3

eine Teilschnittansicht durch ein Geschoss gemäss einer erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform;

Fig. 4

eine Vollschnittansicht durch das Geschoss gemäss Figur 3.

Preferred embodiments of the invention are described below with reference to the drawings, which are for explanation only and are not to be interpreted as restrictive. In the drawings show:

1

a partial sectional view through a projectile according to an embodiment not according to the invention;

2

a full sectional view through the bullet according to figure 1 ;

3

a partial sectional view through a projectile according to an embodiment of the invention;

4

a full sectional view through the bullet according to figure 3 .

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

the Figures 1 to 4 each show a projectile 1, 1' comprising a retaining element 2, 2' and a penetrator 3, which has a penetrator front 4 and a penetrator rear 5. The penetrator rear 5 is cylindrical and the penetrator front 4 is designed to taper conically, starting from the penetrator rear 5 in the direction of a penetrator tip 6 towards the projectile axis A. In these characters it is Aspect ratio between the length LPF of the penetrator front 4 with respect to the length LPH of the penetrator tail 5 is about 1 to 2, ie the penetrator tail is longer by about a factor of two than the penetrator front. In particular, the overall length LP of the penetrator 3 is 45 mm, the length LPF of the penetrator front 4 being 13 mm and the length LPH of the penetrator rear 5 being 32 mm.

In the Figures 1 and 2 an embodiment of the projectile 1 not according to the invention is shown, in which the penetrator 3 is only partially accommodated at the rear in a receiving opening 12 of the retaining element 2 running centrally to the projectile axis A and protrudes from the retaining element 2 with the penetrator front 4 at the front. In the Figures 3 and 4 an embodiment of the projectile 1' according to the invention is shown, in which the penetrator 3 is completely accommodated in the holding element 2'. In the Figures 1-4 the same components are provided with the same reference numbers.

In both embodiments, the penetrator front 4 has a cone angle aPF of approximately 13° and the penetrator tip 6 has a flat end face 7 which extends perpendicularly to the bullet axis A. Furthermore, the diameter DPH of the penetrator tail 5 is about 7 mm. In both embodiments, the penetrator 3 is formed in one piece from the penetrator front 4 and the penetrator rear 5 and consists entirely of tungsten carbide.

How from the Figures 1 and 2 shows that the penetrator tail 5 of the projectile 1 according to the embodiment not according to the invention is accommodated with a precise fit in the receiving opening 12 of the holding element 2, the penetrator tail 5 having a groove with a reduced diameter on the rear side in the region of its base.

The holding element 2 has a frustoconical holding element rear 8, a cylindrical holding element center 9 and a holding element front 10, the holding element front 10 tapering conically from the holding element center 9 in the direction of the penetrator tip 6 towards the projectile axis A is trained. The conical holding element front 10 is designed with a cone angle aKF of about 13° and has a wall thickness which tapers continuously in the direction of the penetrator tip 6 and is zero at the point of transition from the penetrator front 4 to the penetrator rear 5 . The whole Penetrator front 4 is therefore exposed. There is a seamless transition between the front retaining element front 10 and the rear penetrator front 4 so that the lateral surface of the penetrator front 4 can be seen as an extension of the lateral surface of the retaining element front 10 .

The truncated cone-shaped retaining element rear 5 has a truncated cone angle αKH of about 9° and the diameter DKH at the truncated cone end of the retaining element rear 8 is about 10 mm.

In addition, the rear holding element 8 has a conical indentation 11 at the rear, which extends centrally into the rear holding element 8 .

The holding element center 9 has a diameter DKM of about 13 mm and circumferential grooves 13 are provided in areas on the outer surface of the holding element center 9, which can interact with correspondingly designed trains in a gun barrel (not shown).

In the embodiment shown here, four grooves 13a, 13b, 13c, 13d are formed in the lateral surface of the middle holding element 9, with the grooves 13a, 13b, 13c, 13d starting from the rear end of the middle holding element 9 in the direction of the front end of the Retaining element center 9 seen along about half of the lateral surface are arranged immediately adjacent to each other. The first two grooves 13a, 13b seen with respect to the rear end of the holding element center 9 are of identical design here. Both have the same U-shaped groove shape and extend with the same groove depth RTa, RTb into the lateral surface of the middle 9 of the holding element. The clear width of these grooves, that is to say in addition to the groove depth RTa, RTb or clear height and also the clear width RBa, RBb, is the same in each case. The distance RTa between these two grooves 13a, 13b corresponds approximately to the groove depth RTa, RTb or the clear height of these grooves 13a, 13b. In contrast to this, the two further two grooves 13c, 13d arranged following these two grooves 13a, 13b each have a rectangular groove shape and differ in their clear width both from the first two grooves 13a, 13b and from each other. In particular, the rectangular grooves 13c, 13d each have a smaller groove depth RTc, RTd than the U-shaped ones Grooves 13a, 13b. In addition, the rectangular groove 13c arranged adjacent to the U-shaped groove 13b extends into the lateral surface by a much smaller amount than is the case with the other rectangular groove 13d. While the rectangular groove 13c and the U-shaped groove 13b arranged adjacent to it are arranged at a distance RAb from one another which approximately corresponds to the distance RAa between the two U-shaped grooves, the distance RAc between the two rectangular grooves 13c, 13d however, significantly smaller. The groove depth RTa, RTb of the first and second U-shaped grooves 13a, 13b is approximately one eighth of the diameter DKM of the middle of the holding element. The groove depths RTc, RTd of the third groove 13c, which is arranged adjacent to the U-shaped groove 13b, and the fourth groove 13d, which is arranged adjacent to the third groove 13c, are approximately a factor of 30 and 15 respectively smaller than the diameter DKM Retainer center.

However, it should be understood that the groove arrangement and groove design is not limited to the grooves shown here. Instead, fewer or more than four grooves can be provided, which have the same or different groove profiles and/or are arranged at the same or varying distances from one another.

In the Figures 1 and 2 the holding element 2 is formed in one piece from the holding element rear 8, the holding element center 9 and the holding element front 10 and consists entirely of brass. The total length LK of the holding element 2 is about 46 mm here, the length LKF of the holding element front 10 being about 14 mm, the length LKM of the holding element middle 9 being about 22 mm, and the length LKH of the holding element rear 8 being about 10 mm .

With a total projectile mass of 100%, 60% of this is holding element 2 and 40% penetrator 3. The projectile 1 here consists solely of the holding element 2 and the penetrator 3 and is in particular designed without a casing.

As already mentioned and from the Figures 3 and 4 shows, in the case of the projectile 1' according to the embodiment according to the invention, not only the penetrator rear 5 but also the penetrator front 4, i.e. the entire penetrator, is completely in the holding element 2' recorded.

The retaining element 2' of the projectile 1' has, analogously to the retaining element 2 of the projectile 1, a frustoconical retaining element rear 8' and a cylindrical retaining element center 9'. In contrast to the conical retaining element front 10 of the projectile 1, however, the retaining element 2' of the projectile 1' has an ogival retaining element front 10' which transitions into a dome shape in its front region 14.

The diameter DKM' of the middle 9' of the holding element is approximately 11 mm. The rear holding element 8' has a truncated cone angle αKH' of approximately 9°, the diameter DKH' at the truncated cone end of the rear holding element 8' being approximately 8.5 mm. The holding element center 9' has a truncated cone 19 with a cone angle βKM of approximately 45° at the front and the holding element front 10' has an inner cone 20 with the same cone angle βKF of approximately 45° at the rear, with the inner cone 20 forming a positive fit on the truncated cone 19 is put on. Starting from the penetrator rear 5, the holding element center 9' extends in the direction of the penetrator front 4 beyond the center M of the penetrator 3, and the holding element front 10' extends in the same direction beyond the penetrator tip 6.

The rear holding element 8' and the middle holding element 9' are designed in one piece and consist of PET or steel. The separately formed holding element front 10' consists of borax. The overall length LK' of the holding element 2' is approximately 54 mm, the length LKF' of the holding element front 10' being approximately 26 mm and the length LKM' of the holding element center 9' being approximately 21 mm.

Here, too, the penetrator tail 5 of the projectile 1′ has a groove with a reduced diameter in the area of its base and is accommodated with a precise fit in a receiving opening 12′ of the holding element 2′. The receiving opening 12' extends centrally through the holding element center 9' into the holding element rear 8'. The penetrator front 4 is accommodated in a precisely fitting recess in the holding element front 10 ′, which progressively narrows starting from the penetrator rear 5 in the direction of the penetrator front 4 . Due to the inner cone 20 in the rear area of the holding element front 10' and the truncated cone 19 in the front area of the holding element middle 9 'a tight joining of the holding element front 10' with the holding element middle 9 ', and thus a good fixation of the penetrator in the projectile 1', is made possible.

In addition, the holding element front 10', the holding element middle 9' and in some areas also the holding element rear 8' are encased by a cover 15 which corresponds to the respective shape of the encased holding element 2', i.e. ogival in the front area, cylindrical in the middle area and truncated in the rear area. The sleeve 15 consists here entirely of brass and rests directly on the lateral surface of the holding element front 10' and the holding element center 9'.

The shell 15 also partially surrounds the rear holding element 8′ and encloses an air space 18 with the rear holding element 8′, which increases in size from the front area to the rear area of the rear holding element 8′. The distance between the sleeve 15 and the lateral surface of the rear holding element 8' is thus increasingly increased in this direction.

The sleeve 15 ends at the rear on the rear holding element 8' in a flange 17, leaving a section of the rear holding element 8' free of a sleeve. However, the penetrator 3 is never in contact with the shell 15. The shell 15 has a thicker wall in the front area of the holding element front 10' and has a groove 16 in the area of the holding element center 9', which has correspondingly designed grooves Trains in a gun barrel (not shown) can interact.

With a total projectile mass of 100%, 10% of these are retaining element 2', 50% penetrator 3 and 40% casing 15, with a total retaining element mass of 100% being 40% front retaining element 10', 50% middle retaining element 9' and 10% retaining element stern 8' are. The projectile 1' consists here of the holding element 2', the penetrator 3 and the casing 15.

REFERENCE LIST

1, 1'

bullet

2.2'

holding element

3

penetrator

4

penetrator front

5

penetrator rear

6

penetrator tip

7

face

8.8'

Retaining element rear

9.9'

Retainer center

10,10'

Retaining element front

11

indentation

12, 12'

intake opening

13, 13a, 13b 13c, 13d

grooves

14

Front area of the holding element front

15

Covering

16

groove

17

flanging

18

airspace

19

truncated cone

20

inside frame

A

bullet axis

LPF

length of the penetrator front

LPH

Length of the penetrator tail

LP

Total length of the penetrator

LKF, LKF'

Length of the holding element front

LKM, LKM'

Length of the holding element center

LKH, LKH'

Length of the rear holding element

LK, LK'

Total length of the holding element

DPH

Diameter of the penetrator tail

DKH, DKH'

Diameter at the truncated end of the retaining element rear

DKM, DKM'

Diameter of the holding element center

rKF

Ogival radius of the holding element front

aPF

Cone angle of the penetrator front

aKF

Cone angle of the holding element front

αKH, αKH'

Angle of truncated cone of the stern of the holding element

βKM

cone angle

βKF

cone angle

βKM

Frustum angle of the hull

RTa, RTb RTc, RTd

groove depth

RBa, RBb RBc, RBd

groove width

RAa, RAb RAc,

groove spacing

Claims (11)

1. A bullet (1') comprising a retaining element (2') and a penetrator (3),

   wherein the penetrator (3) is received at least partially in a receiving opening (12'), extending centrally relative to the bullet axis (A), of the retaining element (2'), and has a penetrator front (4) and a penetrator rear (5), and

   wherein the penetrator rear (5) is formed in a cylindrical manner and the penetrator front (4) is formed in a manner tapering conically toward the bullet axis (A) starting from the penetrator rear (5) in the direction of a penetrator tip (6),

   wherein the retaining element (2') has a retaining element rear (8'), a retaining element middle (9'), and a retaining element front (10'),

   wherein the retaining element front (10'), the retaining element middle (9'), and at least regionally also the retaining element rear (8') are encased by a casing (15),

   characterized in that the length (LPF) of the penetrator front (4) is in a length ratio of about 1 to 1, preferably about 1 to 1.5, particularly preferably about 1 to 2.2, with respect to the length (LPH) of the penetrator rear (5), and

   in that the casing (15) encloses an air space (18) with the retaining element rear (8') in the region of the retaining element rear (8').
2. The bullet (1') as claimed in claim 1, wherein the penetrator front (4) has a cone angle (αPF) of between 5° and 25°, preferably 13°, and/or
   wherein the penetrator tip (6) has a flat end face (7), which extends perpendicularly to the bullet axis (A).
3. The bullet (1') as claimed in either of the preceding claims, wherein the total length (LP) of the penetrator (3) is between 35 mm and 55 mm, preferably 45 mm, and/or

   wherein the length (LPF) of the penetrator front (4) is between 12 mm and 17 mm, preferably 14 mm, and/or

   wherein the length (LPH) of the penetrator rear (5) is between 15 mm and 44 mm, preferably 31 mm, and/or

   wherein the diameter (DPH) of the penetrator rear (5) is between 6 mm and 9 mm, preferably 7 mm.
4. The bullet (1') as claimed in one of the preceding claims, wherein the penetrator (3) is formed in one piece from the penetrator front (4) and the penetrator rear (5), and consists of a material with a higher density than the retaining element (2'), in particular of tungsten carbide.
5. The bullet (1') as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the penetrator (3) is received entirely, and in particular with a precise fit, in the retaining element (2').
6. The bullet (1') as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the retaining element (2') has a frustoconical retaining element rear (8'), a cylindrical retaining element middle (9'), and an ogival retaining element front (10'), wherein the retaining element front (10') transitions into a frustum shape or calotte shape in its front region (14).
7. The bullet (1') as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, , wherein the casing (15) consists of brass and/or brass alloys.
8. The bullet (1') as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the casing (15) has a greater wall thickness in the front region (14) of the retaining element front (10'), and/or

   wherein the casing (15) has a notch (16) in the region of the retaining element middle (9'), and/or

   wherein the casing (15) has rear-side flanging (17) in the region of the retaining element rear (8').
9. The bullet (1') as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the retaining element middle (9') has at its front a frustum (19) with a cone angle (βKM) of between 30° and 50°, preferably 45°, and wherein the retaining element front (10') has at its rear an internal cone (20) with an identical cone angle (βKF) and has been fitted in a form-fitting manner on the frustum (19), and/or

   wherein the retaining element middle (9') extends beyond the middle (M) of the penetrator (3) starting from the penetrator rear (5) in the direction of the penetrator front (4), and/or

   wherein the retaining element front (10') extends beyond the penetrator tip (6).
10. The bullet (1') as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the retaining element rear (8') and the retaining element middle (9') are formed in one piece and consist of a plastic, in particular PET, or steel, and/or
    wherein the retaining element front (10') consists of pulverulent substances or mixtures such as borax, incendiary agents or explosives.
11. The bullet (1') as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the total length (LK') of the retaining element (2') is between 53 mm and 55 mm, preferably 54 mm, and/or

    wherein the length (LKF') of the retaining element front (10') is between 22 mm and 28 mm, preferably 26 mm, and/or

    wherein the length (LKM') of the retaining element middle (9') is between 19 mm and 25 mm, preferably 21 mm, and/or

    wherein, for a total bullet mass of 100%, the retaining element (2') makes up 10%, the penetrator (3) makes up 50%, and the casing (15) makes up 40% thereof, and/or

    wherein, for a total retaining element mass of 100%, the retaining element front (10') makes up 40%, the retaining element middle (9') makes up 50%, and the retaining element rear (8') makes up 10% thereof.

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