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EP3555451B1 - Cooling channel having dam and funnel - Google Patents

Cooling channel having dam and funnel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3555451B1
EP3555451B1 EP17822262.6A EP17822262A EP3555451B1 EP 3555451 B1 EP3555451 B1 EP 3555451B1 EP 17822262 A EP17822262 A EP 17822262A EP 3555451 B1 EP3555451 B1 EP 3555451B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cooling channel
piston
dam
shaped
inlet opening
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP17822262.6A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3555451A1 (en
Inventor
Gerhard Luz
Ingo Roth
Eberhard Weiss
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
KS Kolbenschmidt GmbH
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KS Kolbenschmidt GmbH
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Publication of EP3555451A1 publication Critical patent/EP3555451A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00—Pistons 
    • F02F3/16—Pistons  having cooling means
    • F02F3/20—Pistons  having cooling means the means being a fluid flowing through or along piston
    • F02F3/22—Pistons  having cooling means the means being a fluid flowing through or along piston the fluid being liquid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K1/00—Making machine elements
    • B21K1/18—Making machine elements pistons or plungers
    • B21K1/185—Making machine elements pistons or plungers with cooling channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P3/00—Liquid cooling
    • F01P3/06—Arrangements for cooling pistons
    • F01P3/10—Cooling by flow of coolant through pistons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P7/00—Controlling of coolant flow
    • F01P7/14—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F2200/00—Manufacturing
    • F02F2200/04—Forging of engine parts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a piston, consisting of an upper part and a lower part, which are joined together, with a cooling channel, preferably an annular cooling channel, wherein at least one inlet opening is provided for the supply of cooling oil and at least one outlet opening is provided for the discharge of the cooling oil, according to the features of the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • the above-mentioned inlet or outlet opening extends from an inner area of the piston in the direction of the cooling channel and passes through the lower wall, in particular the lower apex of the cooling channel.
  • the opening is located at the lowest point of the cooling channel, so that cooling oil always flows out of the cooling channel, at least when the piston is at a standstill, and cannot be stored there.
  • a piston for an internal combustion engine with an upper piston part and a lower piston part which has an internal, preferably annular cooling channel for cooling the piston during operation of the internal combustion engine. At least one inlet opening and at least one outlet opening are provided on the lower piston part, via which coolant flows in and out of the cooling channel.
  • the respective opening is surrounded by an annular bead or a ramp-like elevation, which prevents the coolant level from falling below a predefined level.
  • the annular bead or the ramp-like elevation is formed in one piece with the lower piston part.
  • the JP 2003 307153 A describes a piston for an internal combustion engine that is capable of effectively increasing the efficiency of piston cooling by improving the flow of a cooling oil having turbulence in a cooling channel.
  • the DE 10 2012 216 367 A1 shows a method for producing a piston having at least one cooling channel for an internal combustion engine, which piston is produced from at least one upper part and one lower part, wherein the cooling channel of the piston is formed with the aid of the upper part and the lower part and the upper part and the lower part of the piston are each produced with the aid of a forging process.
  • the FR 2 839 116 A1 describes a piston of an internal combustion engine which has an annular cooling channel which runs coaxially to the piston axis and is provided on its lower wall with an inlet opening through which lubricating oil penetrates and an outlet opening through which the lubricating oil exits.
  • the invention is based on the object of providing a piston with a cooling channel which is improved in terms of its cooling effect compared to the known pistons with cooling channels.
  • both a dam-shaped elevation in the area of the inlet and/or outlet opening is formed by a finished forged contour of the lower cooling channel area and the inlet contour of the inlet and/or outlet opening on the inside of the piston is formed by pre-forging.
  • contours that enable a minimum level to be maintained in the cooling channel can be realized directly with the manufacture of the lower part of the piston, which is manufactured independently of the upper part of the piston, in a forging process.
  • Manufacturing by forging has the advantage of a high-strength structure and flow lines that are appropriate to the load, so that a high-strength lower part is formed that already has the necessary contours to realize its function.
  • the pre-forging is funnel-shaped at the inlet opening, whereas it is additionally or alternatively cylindrical on the outlet side (i.e. in the area of the outlet opening).
  • a dam is created (formed) as a dam-shaped elevation, which runs across the width of the cooling channel (i.e. extends radially outwards from the direction of the piston centre point through which the piston stroke axis runs), so that a flow past the dam-shaped elevation (dam) in the cooling channel is largely prevented, whereas in the case of the piston according to the DE 10 2011 007 285 A1 a flow past is possible.
  • the elevation should reach a height of 20% to 80%, preferably 30% to 70% of the total height of the cooling channel.
  • the dam (the dam-shaped elevation) produced transversely to the cooling channel has at least one recess, preferably a plurality of recesses, at the transition between the dam and the wall of the cooling channel.
  • the invention provides that in the upper part of the piston consisting of the upper part and the lower part, the cooling channel is optionally also produced by forging and in the area of the inlet opening a V-shaped element is forged which protrudes into the cooling channel, which ensures that the impinging oil jet is deflected in both directions of the cooling channel in equal or different parts.
  • This V-shaped element thus serves as a jet splitter for the impinging oil jet which is injected through the inlet opening.
  • the measures according to the invention achieve an improved cooling effect for the thermally stressed areas of the piston through the measures on the cooling channel, in which the dam-shaped elevation ensures that a predeterminable coolant level remains in the cooling channel and at the same time does not impede the incoming oil jet by a backflow. Furthermore, the funnel-shaped design of the inlet opening increases the capture rate of the oil effectively entering the cooling channel.
  • the funnel-shaped inlet opening serves to capture the oil volume flows of at least two parallel or mutually inclined oil jets (which are emitted by one or more spray nozzles) over large areas of the piston stroke and to guide the oil into the cooling channel.
  • the funnel-shaped forging can take on any surface shape.
  • the oil provided by the oil spray nozzle can exit from one or more nozzle openings, although not all nozzle openings have to be open at the same time.
  • the design of the opposing contours of the dam and funnel makes it possible to achieve a wall thickness that is as uniform as possible, which has a positive effect on the manufacturing process and the weight of the piston.
  • the effectiveness of the production of the piston can be increased even further by also producing the top of the cooling channel using a forging process in the upper part of the piston, thus largely or completely eliminating the need for machining or post-processing.
  • the invention offers an improvement in the cooling effect through contours that are integrally formed on the piston without additional elements. This results in more efficient production of the piston and simplifies the processes. In addition, such a piston can be exposed to higher thermal loads while simultaneously reducing the need for cooling oil.
  • a piston 1 is shown in a section, which consists of a lower part 2 and an upper part 3.
  • the two parts 2, 3 are manufactured separately from each other and joined together in a suitable manner.
  • the piston 1 has, in a manner known per se, an outer circumferential ring field 4 and can, but does not have to, contain a combustion chamber bowl.
  • the lower part 3 forms a piston skirt 5 and a pin bore 6.
  • the two parts 2, 3 are permanently and inseparably connected to one another by means of a suitable joining process in order to form a one-piece, functional piston 1.
  • the joining process takes place in at least one joining plane 7.
  • the joining process is a friction welding process.
  • the piston 1 has a cooling channel 8.
  • the cooling channel 8 is formed by partial recesses in both the upper part 2 and the lower part 3. This has the advantage that the partial recesses are accessible before the two parts 2, 3 are joined together and therefore these partial recesses can be optimally manufactured or reworked, since they are no longer accessible after the two parts 2, 3 are joined together.
  • the piston 1 has at least one inlet opening 9 into which a free oil jet, which is emitted by an injection nozzle, is injected in the direction of the cooling channel 8.
  • This inlet opening 9, if it is the only opening, can also serve as an outlet opening for the cooling oil which circulates in the cooling channel 8.
  • a dam-shaped elevation 10 is provided next to the drain opening 9, starting from the lower bottom of the cooling channel 8.
  • This dam-shaped elevation 10 is formed when the lower part 3 is manufactured.
  • the lower part 3 can thus be manufactured, for example, in a casting process and the dam-shaped elevation can be formed in the process.
  • the lower part 3 can be manufactured in a casting process and the dam-shaped elevation 10 can then be formed by a forming process (such as a forging process).
  • both the lower part 3 with its geometries and the dam-shaped elevation 10 are manufactured in a forming process (such as a forging process).
  • this lower part is given an internal geometry 11 with a particularly funnel-shaped inlet contour 12 of the inlet opening 9.
  • the inlet contour 12 can also have a shape other than a funnel shape. It is important to form the inlet contour 12 preferably in a forging process and to give it a shape with which the oil jet injected into the inlet opening 9 is directed in a targeted manner in the direction of the cooling channel 8. It is also important that the dam-shaped elevation 10 next to the inlet opening 9 does not hinder the entry of the injected oil jet, so that the injected oil is directed all the way into the cooling channel 8.
  • Figure 2 shows a top view of the upper side of the lower part 3, which points in the direction of the upper part 2.
  • an inlet opening 9 there is also an outlet opening 13.
  • the cooling channel 8 is not completely circumferential, but is divided into at least two sub-segments, for example. In this case, for example, each sub-segment has its own inlet opening and its own outlet opening.
  • a dam-shaped elevation 10 is present on the lower part 3 on each side in the direction of the cooling channel 8 next to the inlet opening 9 and the outlet opening 13 and is formed in one piece by the latter.
  • the lower part 3 has an outer, circumferential joining surface 14 and an inner, circumferential joining surface 15, which are formed by corresponding webs of the lower part 3.
  • These joining surfaces 14, 15 face corresponding joining surfaces of the upper part 2, which also forms webs, at the end of which the joining surfaces are formed.
  • Figure 3 shows a sectional three-dimensional view of the piston 1, in which the two parts 2, 3 have been permanently and inseparably joined together.
  • the position of the inlet opening 9 with at least one associated dam-shaped elevation 10 as well as the position of the outlet opening 13 (in this case also with an associated dam-shaped elevation 10) can be seen.
  • Figure 4 shows analogous to the representation in Figure 2 in a three-dimensional view the top view of the upper part 3, where, as in Figure 2 recognizable, a portion of the cooling channel 8 is formed by the upper part 3.
  • Figure 5 shows a three-dimensional view of the underside of the upper part 2, which points in the direction of the lower part 3.
  • a dam-shaped elevation 10 in the area of the inlet opening 9) is also formed by the upper part 2.
  • the at least one dam-shaped elevation 10 is not arranged next to the opening, but is located in the extension of the cross section of the opening (inlet opening 9 and/or outlet opening 13), so that this dam-shaped elevation 10 serves as a jet splitter in the partial area of the cooling channel 8 of the upper part 2.
  • this jet splitter the oil jet injected in particular through the at least one inlet opening 9 is divided and can be divided in both directions of the cooling channel 8 in equal or different parts.
  • the dam-shaped elevation 10 produced transversely to the cooling channel 8 has at least one recess 16, preferably several recesses, at the transition between the elevation 10 and the wall of the cooling channel 8, in particular in the apex region of the cooling channel 8. This makes it possible for a portion of the cooling oil which circulates in the cooling channel 8 to always be able to circulate there without being hindered by the dam-shaped elevation 10.
  • FIG. 6 Finally, the internal geometry 11 of the piston 1 is shown, in which the parts 2, 3 described above have been joined together.
  • a dam-shaped elevation 10 serving as a jet splitter is provided in the area of the drain opening 9 on the upper part 2, pointing downwards in the area of the cross section of the drain opening 9, a dam-shaped elevation 10 serving as a jet splitter is provided in the area of the drain opening 9 on the upper part 2, pointing downwards in the area of the cross section of the drain opening 9, a dam-shaped elevation 10 serving as a jet splitter is provided.
  • the orientation of the dam-shaped elevation 10 shown either in the lower part 3 and/or the upper part 2 is exemplary and preferably extends radially from the piston stroke axis. Other radial orientations deviating from this are of course also conceivable.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Kolben, bestehend aus einem Oberteil und einem Unterteil, die zusammengefügt werden, mit einem Kühlkanal, vorzugsweise einem ringförmig umlaufenden Kühlkanal, wobei zwecks Zufuhr von Kühlöl zumindest eine Zulauföffnung und zwecks Ablauf des Kühlöles zumindest eine Ablauföffnung vorgesehen ist, gemäß den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffes des Patentanspruches 1.The invention relates to a piston, consisting of an upper part and a lower part, which are joined together, with a cooling channel, preferably an annular cooling channel, wherein at least one inlet opening is provided for the supply of cooling oil and at least one outlet opening is provided for the discharge of the cooling oil, according to the features of the preamble of patent claim 1.

Die genannte Zulauf- beziehungsweise Ablauföffnung erstreckt sich von einem Innenbereich des Kolbens in Richtung des Kühlkanales und durchtritt die untere Wandung, insbesondere den unteren Scheitelpunkt des Kühlkanales. Infolgedessen liegt die Öffnung am tiefsten Punkt des Kühlkanales, so dass Kühlöl zumindest bei Stillstand des Kolbens immer aus dem Kühlkanal abfließt und dort nicht bevorratet werden kann.The above-mentioned inlet or outlet opening extends from an inner area of the piston in the direction of the cooling channel and passes through the lower wall, in particular the lower apex of the cooling channel. As a result, the opening is located at the lowest point of the cooling channel, so that cooling oil always flows out of the cooling channel, at least when the piston is at a standstill, and cannot be stored there.

Aus der DE 10 2011 007 285 A1 ist ein Kolben für eine Brennkraftmaschine mit einem Kolbenoberteil und einem Kolbenunterteil bekannt, der einen innenliegenden, vorzugsweise ringförmigen Kühlkanal zur Kühlung des Kolbens während des Betriebes der Brennkraftmaschine aufweist. Am Kolbenunterteil ist zumindest eine Einlassöffnung und zumindest eine Auslassöffnung vorgesehen, über welche ein Kühlmittelzufluss und Kühlmittelabfluss in den beziehungsweise aus dem Kühlkanal erfolgt. Die jeweilige Öffnung ist von einem Ringwulst oder einer rampenartigen Erhöhung umgeben, die ein Absinken eines Kühlmittelpegels unter ein vordefiniertes Niveau unterbindet. Die Ringwulst beziehungsweise die rampenartige Erhöhung ist einstückig mit dem Kolbenunterteil ausgebildet.From the DE 10 2011 007 285 A1 A piston for an internal combustion engine with an upper piston part and a lower piston part is known, which has an internal, preferably annular cooling channel for cooling the piston during operation of the internal combustion engine. At least one inlet opening and at least one outlet opening are provided on the lower piston part, via which coolant flows in and out of the cooling channel. The respective opening is surrounded by an annular bead or a ramp-like elevation, which prevents the coolant level from falling below a predefined level. The annular bead or the ramp-like elevation is formed in one piece with the lower piston part.

Alternativ zur Ausbildung des Ringwulstes um die Öffnung herum ist zum Einhalten eines gewissen Kühlmittelpegels in dem Kühlkanal in der DE 10 2015 206 375 A1 offenbart, dass nach Herstellung der Zufluss- beziehungsweise Ablauföffnung in diese Öffnung ein Rohr eingesetzt wird, wobei die Austrittsöffnung des Rohres, die in Richtung des Kühlkanales weist, oberhalb des untersten Punktes des Kühlkanales angeordnet ist. Auch dadurch wird ein gewisser Kühlmittelpegel in dem Kühlkanal eingestellt. Diese Lösung erfordert ein weiteres Teil sowie einen weiteren Montageschritt, so dass sie für die Praxis untauglich ist.As an alternative to the formation of the annular bead around the opening, in order to maintain a certain coolant level in the cooling channel in the DE 10 2015 206 375 A1 discloses that after the inlet or outlet opening has been made, a pipe is inserted into this opening, with the outlet opening of the pipe, which points in the direction of the cooling channel, being arranged above the lowest point of the cooling channel. This also sets a certain coolant level in the cooling channel. This solution requires another part and another assembly step, so that it is unsuitable for practical use.

Die JP 2003 307153 A beschreibt einen Kolben für einen Verbrennungsmotor, der in der Lage ist, die Effizienz der Kolbenkühlung durch Verbesserung der Strömung eines Kühlöles, das Verwirbelungen in einem Kühlkanal aufweist, effektiv zu erhöhen.The JP 2003 307153 A describes a piston for an internal combustion engine that is capable of effectively increasing the efficiency of piston cooling by improving the flow of a cooling oil having turbulence in a cooling channel.

Die DE 10 2012 216 367 A1 zeigt ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines zumindest einen Kühlkanal aufweisenden Kolbens für eine Brennkraftmaschine, der aus zumindest einem Oberteil und einem Unterteil hergestellt wird, wobei der Kühlkanal des Kolbens mit Hilfe des Oberteils und des Unterteils gebildet wird und das Oberteil und das Unterteil des Kolbens jeweils mit Hilfe eines Schmiedeverfahrens hergestellt werden.The DE 10 2012 216 367 A1 shows a method for producing a piston having at least one cooling channel for an internal combustion engine, which piston is produced from at least one upper part and one lower part, wherein the cooling channel of the piston is formed with the aid of the upper part and the lower part and the upper part and the lower part of the piston are each produced with the aid of a forging process.

Die FR 2 839 116 A1 beschreibt einen Kolben einer Brennkraftmaschine, der einen ringförmigen Kühlkanal aufweist, der koaxial zur Kolbenachse verläuft und an seiner unteren Wand mit einer Einlassöffnung, durch die Schmieröl eindringt, und einer Auslassöffnung, durch die das Schmieröl austritt, versehen ist.The FR 2 839 116 A1 describes a piston of an internal combustion engine which has an annular cooling channel which runs coaxially to the piston axis and is provided on its lower wall with an inlet opening through which lubricating oil penetrates and an outlet opening through which the lubricating oil exits.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Kolben mit einem Kühlkanal bereitzustellen, der hinsichtlich seiner Kühlwirkung gegenüber den bekannten Kolben mit Kühlkanälen verbessert ist.The invention is based on the object of providing a piston with a cooling channel which is improved in terms of its cooling effect compared to the known pistons with cooling channels.

Diese Aufgabe ist durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruches 1 gelöst.This problem is solved by the features of patent claim 1.

Erfindungsgemäß ist vorgesehen, dass sowohl eine dammförmige Erhöhung im Bereich der Zulauf- und/oder Ablauföffnung durch eine fertig geschmiedete Kontur des unteren Kühlkanalbereiches als auch auf der Innenseite des Kolbens die Eintrittskontur der Zulauf- und/oder Ablauföffnung durch Vorschmieden gebildet sind. Dadurch können Konturen, die es ermöglichen, dass ein Mindestniveau beziehungsweise Mindestpegel in dem Kühlkanal gehalten wird (insbesondere bei Stillstand des Kolbens), direkt mit Herstellung des Unterteils des Kolbens, das unabhängig von dem Oberteil des Kolbens hergestellt wird, in einem Schmiedeverfahren realisiert werden. Die Herstellung durch Schmieden hat den Vorteil eines hochfesten Gefüges und beanspruchungsgerechter Fließlinien, so dass ein hochfestes Unterteil gebildet ist, dass schon die erforderlichen Konturen zur Realisierung seiner Funktion aufweist.According to the invention, both a dam-shaped elevation in the area of the inlet and/or outlet opening is formed by a finished forged contour of the lower cooling channel area and the inlet contour of the inlet and/or outlet opening on the inside of the piston is formed by pre-forging. As a result, contours that enable a minimum level to be maintained in the cooling channel (in particular when the piston is at a standstill) can be realized directly with the manufacture of the lower part of the piston, which is manufactured independently of the upper part of the piston, in a forging process. Manufacturing by forging has the advantage of a high-strength structure and flow lines that are appropriate to the load, so that a high-strength lower part is formed that already has the necessary contours to realize its function.

In Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist die Vorschmiedung an der Zulauföffnung trichterförmig ausgebildet, wohingegen sie ergänzend oder alternativ auf der Ablaufseite (also im Bereich der Ablauföffnung) zylindrisch ausgebildet ist.In a further development of the invention, the pre-forging is funnel-shaped at the inlet opening, whereas it is additionally or alternatively cylindrical on the outlet side (i.e. in the area of the outlet opening).

In Weiterbildung der Erfindung wird bei der Herstellung des Unterteils während des Schmiedens als dammförmige Erhöhung ein Damm erzeugt (gebildet), der über die Breite des Kühlkanales verläuft (sich also radial aus Richtung des Kolbenmitteipunktes, durch den die Kolbenhubachse verläuft, nach außen erstreckt), so dass ein Vorbeiströmen um die dammförmige Erhöhung (Damm) im Kühlkanal weitestgehend verhindert wird, wohingegen bei dem Kolben gemäß der DE 10 2011 007 285 A1 ein Vorbeiströmen möglich ist. Dabei soll in Weiterbildung der Erfindung die Erhöhung eine Höhe von 20% bis 80%, vorzugsweise 30% bis 70% der Gesamthöhe des Kühlkanales erreichen.In a further development of the invention, during the manufacture of the lower part during forging, a dam is created (formed) as a dam-shaped elevation, which runs across the width of the cooling channel (i.e. extends radially outwards from the direction of the piston centre point through which the piston stroke axis runs), so that a flow past the dam-shaped elevation (dam) in the cooling channel is largely prevented, whereas in the case of the piston according to the DE 10 2011 007 285 A1 a flow past is possible. In a further development of the invention, the elevation should reach a height of 20% to 80%, preferably 30% to 70% of the total height of the cooling channel.

Erfindungsgemäß weist der quer zu dem Kühlkanal erzeugte Damm (die dammförmige Erhöhung) an dem Übergang zwischen dem Damm und der Wand des Kühlkanales zumindest eine Ausnehmung, vorzugsweise mehrere Ausnehmungen, auf.According to the invention, the dam (the dam-shaped elevation) produced transversely to the cooling channel has at least one recess, preferably a plurality of recesses, at the transition between the dam and the wall of the cooling channel.

Außerdem ist erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, dass in dem Kolbenoberteil des aus Oberteil und Unterteil bestehenden Kolbens der Kühlkanal wahlweise ebenfalls geschmiedet hergestellt wird und im Bereich der Zulauföffnung ein V-förmiges Element, welches in den Kühlkanal hineinragt, angeschmiedet ist, welches dafür sorgt, dass der auftreffende Ölstrahl in beide Richtungen des Kühlkanales zu gleichen oder unterschiedlichen Teilen abgelenkt wird. Dieses V- förmige Element dient somit als Strahlteiler für den auftreffenden Ölstrahl, der durch die Zulauföffnung eingespritzt wird.Furthermore, the invention provides that in the upper part of the piston consisting of the upper part and the lower part, the cooling channel is optionally also produced by forging and in the area of the inlet opening a V-shaped element is forged which protrudes into the cooling channel, which ensures that the impinging oil jet is deflected in both directions of the cooling channel in equal or different parts. This V-shaped element thus serves as a jet splitter for the impinging oil jet which is injected through the inlet opening.

Durch die erfindungsgemäßen Maßnahmen wird eine verbesserte Kühlwirkung für die thermisch beanspruchten Bereiche des Kolbens durch die Maßnahmen an den Kühlkanal erreicht, in dem die dammförmige Erhöhung einen vorgebbaren im Kühlkanal verbleibenden Kühlmittelpegel sicherstellt und gleichzeitig den zulaufenden Ölstrahl nicht durch eine Rückströmung behindert. Weiterhin wird durch die trichterförmige Ausbildung der Zulauföffnung der Fanggrad des effektiv in den Kühlkanal eintretenden Öls erhöht.The measures according to the invention achieve an improved cooling effect for the thermally stressed areas of the piston through the measures on the cooling channel, in which the dam-shaped elevation ensures that a predeterminable coolant level remains in the cooling channel and at the same time does not impede the incoming oil jet by a backflow. Furthermore, the funnel-shaped design of the inlet opening increases the capture rate of the oil effectively entering the cooling channel.

Außerdem dient die trichterförmige Zulauföffnung dazu bei, die Ölvolumenströme mindestens zweier parallel oder zueinander geneigten Ölstrahlen (die von einer Spritzdüse oder auch mehr als einer Spritzdüse ausgestrahlt werden) über weite Bereiche des Kolbenhubes einzufangen und das Öl in den Kühlkanal zu leiten. Die trichterförmige Anschmiedung kann dabei alle Flächenformen einnehmen. Das durch die Ölspritzdüse zur Verfügung gestellte Öl kann dabei aus einer oder mehreren Düsenöffnungen austreten, wobei nicht alle Düsenöffnungen gleichzeitig geöffnet sein müssen.In addition, the funnel-shaped inlet opening serves to capture the oil volume flows of at least two parallel or mutually inclined oil jets (which are emitted by one or more spray nozzles) over large areas of the piston stroke and to guide the oil into the cooling channel. The funnel-shaped forging can take on any surface shape. The oil provided by the oil spray nozzle can exit from one or more nozzle openings, although not all nozzle openings have to be open at the same time.

Dadurch, dass beide Konturen (sowohl Damm als auch Trichter) direkt durch den Schmiedevorgang eingebracht werden, ergibt sich eine deutlich effektivere Herstellung des Kolbens und es kann auf das Einsetzen eines separaten Fangelementes verzichtet werden.Because both contours (both dam and funnel) are created directly through the forging process, the piston is manufactured much more effectively and there is no need to insert a separate catching element.

Schließlich ergibt sich durch die Gestaltung der gegenüberliegenden Konturen von Damm und Trichter die Möglichkeit, einen möglichst gleichförmigen Wandstärkenverlauf zu realisieren, was sich positiv auf den Herstellungsprozess und das Gewicht des Kolbens auswirkt, wobei die Effektivität der Herstellung des Kolbens dadurch noch weiter gesteigert werden kann, indem die Oberseite des Kühlkanales ebenfalls durch einen Schmiedeprozess im Kolbenoberteil hergestellt wird und somit eine Bearbeitung oder auch eine Nachbearbeitung weitestgehend oder vollständig entfallen kann.Finally, the design of the opposing contours of the dam and funnel makes it possible to achieve a wall thickness that is as uniform as possible, which has a positive effect on the manufacturing process and the weight of the piston. The effectiveness of the production of the piston can be increased even further by also producing the top of the cooling channel using a forging process in the upper part of the piston, thus largely or completely eliminating the need for machining or post-processing.

Insgesamt bietet die Erfindung eine Verbesserung der Kühlwirkung durch integral am Kolben angeformte Konturen ohne zusätzliche Elemente. Dadurch ergibt sich eine effizientere Herstellung des Kolbens und die Prozesse werden vereinfacht. Außerdem kann ein solcher Kolben höheren thermischen Belastungen bei gleichzeitig reduziertem Kühlölbedarf ausgesetzt werden.Overall, the invention offers an improvement in the cooling effect through contours that are integrally formed on the piston without additional elements. This results in more efficient production of the piston and simplifies the processes. In addition, such a piston can be exposed to higher thermal loads while simultaneously reducing the need for cooling oil.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Kolbens ist in den Figuren in verschiedenen Ansichten gezeigt und im Folgenden näher beschrieben.An embodiment of a piston according to the invention is shown in various views in the figures and described in more detail below.

In Figur 1 ist in einem Schnitt ein Kolben 1 dargestellt, der aus einem Unterteil 2 und einem Oberteil 3 besteht. Die beiden Teile 2, 3 werden separat voneinander hergestellt und auf geeignete Art und Weise zusammengefügt.In Figure 1 A piston 1 is shown in a section, which consists of a lower part 2 and an upper part 3. The two parts 2, 3 are manufactured separately from each other and joined together in a suitable manner.

Der Kolben 1 weist in an sich bekannter Weise ein äußeres umlaufendes Ringfeld 4 auf und kann, muss aber nicht, eine Brennraummulde enthalten.The piston 1 has, in a manner known per se, an outer circumferential ring field 4 and can, but does not have to, contain a combustion chamber bowl.

Das Unterteil 3 bildet einen Kolbenschaft 5 und eine Bolzenbohrung 6.The lower part 3 forms a piston skirt 5 and a pin bore 6.

Weitere Elemente eines funktionsfähigen Kolbens 1 sind vorhanden, jedoch nicht im Einzelnen beschrieben oder mit Bezugsziffern versehen.Further elements of a functional piston 1 are present, but are not described in detail or provided with reference numbers.

Die beiden Teile 2, 3 werden mittels eines geeigneten Fügevorganges dauerhaft und unlösbar miteinander verbunden, um somit einen einstückigen funktionsbereiten Kolben 1 auszubilden. Der Fügevorgang verläuft in zumindest einer Fügeebene 7. In dem Ausführungsbeispiel ist der Fügevorgang ein Reibschweißverfahren.The two parts 2, 3 are permanently and inseparably connected to one another by means of a suitable joining process in order to form a one-piece, functional piston 1. The joining process takes place in at least one joining plane 7. In the exemplary embodiment, the joining process is a friction welding process.

Weiterhin weist der Kolben 1 einen Kühlkanal 8 auf. In diesem Ausführungsbeispiel ist der Kühlkanal 8 gebildet von Teilausnehmungen sowohl in dem Oberteil 2 als auch dem Unterteil 3. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass vor dem Zusammenfügen der beiden Teile 2, 3 deren Teilausnehmungen zugänglich sind und daher diese Teilausnehmungen optimal hergestellt bzw. nachbearbeitet werden können, da sie nach dem Zusammenfügen der beiden Teile 2, 3 nicht mehr zugänglich sind.Furthermore, the piston 1 has a cooling channel 8. In this embodiment, the cooling channel 8 is formed by partial recesses in both the upper part 2 and the lower part 3. This has the advantage that the partial recesses are accessible before the two parts 2, 3 are joined together and therefore these partial recesses can be optimally manufactured or reworked, since they are no longer accessible after the two parts 2, 3 are joined together.

Ebenfalls in an sich bekannter Weise weist der Kolben 1 zumindest eine Zulauföffnung 9 auf, in die ein freier Ölstrahl, der von einer Einspritzdüse abgegeben wird, in Richtung des Kühlkanales 8 eingespritzt wird. Diese Zulauföffnung 9 kann, wenn es sich um die einzige Öffnung handelt, auch als Ablauföffnung für das Kühlöl, welches in dem Kühlkanal 8 zirkuliert, dienen. Alternativ dazu ist zusätzlich zu der zumindest einen oder genau einen Zulauföffnung 9 auch zumindest eine weitere Ablauföffnung, insbesondere genau eine Ablauföffnung, vorhanden (diese wird später noch beschrieben).Also in a manner known per se, the piston 1 has at least one inlet opening 9 into which a free oil jet, which is emitted by an injection nozzle, is injected in the direction of the cooling channel 8. This inlet opening 9, if it is the only opening, can also serve as an outlet opening for the cooling oil which circulates in the cooling channel 8. Alternatively, in addition to the at least one or exactly one inlet opening 9, there is also at least one further outlet opening, in particular exactly one outlet opening (this will be described later).

In erfindungsgemäßer Weise ist ausgehend von dem unteren Boden des Kühlkanales 8 eine dammförmige Erhöhung 10 neben der Ablauföffnung 9 vorhanden.According to the invention, a dam-shaped elevation 10 is provided next to the drain opening 9, starting from the lower bottom of the cooling channel 8.

Diese dammförmige Erhöhung 10 wird mit Herstellung des Unterteiles 3 gebildet. Das Unterteil 3 kann somit beispielsweise in einem Giessverfahren hergestellt werden und dabei die dammförmige Erhöhung ausgebildet werden. Alternativ kann das Unterteil 3 in einem Giessverfahren hergestellt und anschließend die dammförmige Erhöhung 10 durch einen Umformprozess (wie beispielsweise einem Schmiedeverfahren) gebildet werden. In besonders bevorzugter Weise werden sowohl das Unterteil 3 mit seinen Geometrien als auch die dammförmige Erhöhung 10 in einem Umformprozess (wie beispielsweise einem Schmiedeverfahren) hergestellt.This dam-shaped elevation 10 is formed when the lower part 3 is manufactured. The lower part 3 can thus be manufactured, for example, in a casting process and the dam-shaped elevation can be formed in the process. Alternatively, the lower part 3 can be manufactured in a casting process and the dam-shaped elevation 10 can then be formed by a forming process (such as a forging process). In a particularly preferred manner, both the lower part 3 with its geometries and the dam-shaped elevation 10 are manufactured in a forming process (such as a forging process).

Bei der Herstellung des Unterteiles 3 erhält dieses Unterteil eine Innengeometrie 11 mit einer insbesondere trichterförmigen Eintrittskontur 12 der Zulauföffnung 9. Die Eintrittskontur 12 kann auch eine andere Form als eine Trichterform aufweisen. Wichtig ist es, die Eintrittskontur 12 vorzugsweise in einem Schmiedeverfahren auszubilden und ihr dabei eine Form zu geben, mit der der in die Zulauföffnung 9 eingespritzte Ölstrahl gezielt in Richtung des Kühlkanales 8 geleitet wird. Dabei ist es auch wichtig, dass die dammförmige Erhöhung 10 neben der Zulauföffnung 9 den Eintritt des eingespritzten Ölstrahles nicht behindert, sodass das eingespritzte Öl in den Kühlkanal 8 umlaufend geleitet wird.When the lower part 3 is manufactured, this lower part is given an internal geometry 11 with a particularly funnel-shaped inlet contour 12 of the inlet opening 9. The inlet contour 12 can also have a shape other than a funnel shape. It is important to form the inlet contour 12 preferably in a forging process and to give it a shape with which the oil jet injected into the inlet opening 9 is directed in a targeted manner in the direction of the cooling channel 8. It is also important that the dam-shaped elevation 10 next to the inlet opening 9 does not hinder the entry of the injected oil jet, so that the injected oil is directed all the way into the cooling channel 8.

Figur 2 zeigt eine Draufsicht auf die Oberseite des Unterteiles 3, die in Richtung des Oberteiles 2 weist. Hier ist erkennbar, dass neben einer Zulauföffnung 9 auch eine Ablauföffnung 13 vorhanden ist. In diesem Ausführungsbeispiel ist genau eine Zulauföffnung 9 und genau eine Zulauföffnung 13 vorhanden, von denen ausgehend sich erstreckend ein umlaufender Kühlkanal 8 vorhanden ist. Es ist jedoch auch denkbar, dass der Kühlkanal 8 nicht vollständig umlaufend ausgebildet ist, sondern in zum Beispiel zumindest zwei Teilsegmente aufgeteilt ist. In diesem Fall weist beispielsweise jedes Teilsegment seine eigene Zulauföffnung und seine eigene Ablauföffnung auf. Figure 2 shows a top view of the upper side of the lower part 3, which points in the direction of the upper part 2. Here it can be seen that in addition to an inlet opening 9 there is also an outlet opening 13. In this embodiment there is exactly one inlet opening 9 and exactly one inlet opening 13, from which a circumferential cooling channel 8 extends. However, it is also conceivable that the cooling channel 8 is not completely circumferential, but is divided into at least two sub-segments, for example. In this case, for example, each sub-segment has its own inlet opening and its own outlet opening.

Wie der Darstellung in Figur 2 entnommen werden kann, sind auf jeder Seite in Richtung des Kühlkanales 8 neben der Zulauföffnung 9 und der Ablauföffnung 13 eine dammförmige Erhöhung 10 an dem Unterteil 3 vorhanden und von diesem einstückig gebildet. Es ist jedoch auch denkbar, an einer der Öffnungen 9, 13 nur eine dammförmige Erhöhung 10 oder sogar gar keine dammförmige Erhöhung 10, insbesondere im Bereich der Ablauföffnung 13, vorzusehen.As shown in Figure 2 can be removed, a dam-shaped elevation 10 is present on the lower part 3 on each side in the direction of the cooling channel 8 next to the inlet opening 9 and the outlet opening 13 and is formed in one piece by the latter. However, it is also conceivable to provide only a dam-shaped elevation 10 on one of the openings 9, 13 or even no dam-shaped elevation 10 at all, particularly in the area of the outlet opening 13.

Weiterhin kann der Figur 2 entnommen werden, dass das Unterteil 3 eine äußere umlaufende Fügefläche 14 und eine innere umlaufende Fügefläche 15, die von entsprechenden Stegen des Unterteiles 3 gebildet werden, aufweist. Diese Fügeflächen 14,15 weisen zu korrespondierenden Fügeflächen des Oberteiles 2, welches ebenfalls Stege ausbildet, an deren Abschluss die Fügeflächen ausgebildet sind. Mittels dieser einander zuweisenden und korrespondierenden Fügeflächen werden die beiden Teile 2, 3 bevorzugt mittels eines Reibschweißverfahrens dauerhaft und unlösbar miteinander zusammengefügt. Andere geometrische Ausgestaltungen von den beiden Teilen 2, 3 und andere Fügeverfahren, die eine dauerhafte und unlösbare Fügung der beiden Teile 2, 3 miteinander gewährleisten, sind ebenfalls denkbar.Furthermore, the Figure 2 It can be seen that the lower part 3 has an outer, circumferential joining surface 14 and an inner, circumferential joining surface 15, which are formed by corresponding webs of the lower part 3. These joining surfaces 14, 15 face corresponding joining surfaces of the upper part 2, which also forms webs, at the end of which the joining surfaces are formed. By means of these mutually facing and corresponding joining surfaces, the two parts 2, 3 are joined together permanently and inseparably, preferably by means of a friction welding process. Other geometric configurations of the two parts 2, 3 and other joining processes that ensure a permanent and inseparable joining of the two parts 2, 3 to one another are also conceivable.

Figur 3 zeigt in einer geschnittenen dreidimensionalen Ansicht den Kolben 1, bei dem die beiden Teile 2, 3 dauerhaft und unlösbar miteinander gefügt worden sind. Außerdem ist die Lage sowohl der Zulauföffnung 9 mit zumindest einer zugeordneten dammförmigen Erhöhung 10 sowie die Lage der Ablauföffnung 13 (in diesem Fall auch mit einer zugeordneten dammförmigen Erhöhung 10) erkennbar. Figure 3 shows a sectional three-dimensional view of the piston 1, in which the two parts 2, 3 have been permanently and inseparably joined together. In addition, the position of the inlet opening 9 with at least one associated dam-shaped elevation 10 as well as the position of the outlet opening 13 (in this case also with an associated dam-shaped elevation 10) can be seen.

Figur 4 zeigt analog zu der Darstellung in Figur 2 in einer dreidimensionalen Ansicht die Draufsicht auf das Oberteil 3, wobei, wie auch in Figur 2 erkennbar, ein Teilbereich des Kühlkanales 8 von dem Oberteil 3 gebildet wird. Figure 4 shows analogous to the representation in Figure 2 in a three-dimensional view the top view of the upper part 3, where, as in Figure 2 recognizable, a portion of the cooling channel 8 is formed by the upper part 3.

Figur 5 zeigt in einer dreidimensionalen Ansicht die Unterseite des Oberteiles 2, die in Richtung des Unterteiles 3 weist. Neben den korrespondierenden Fügeflächen 14, 15 ist erkennbar, dass in dem Teilbereich des Kühlkanales 8 des Oberteiles 2 ebenfalls eine dammförmige Erhöhung 10 ( im Bereich der Zulauföffnung 9) von dem Oberteil 2 gebildet ist. In diesem Fall ist die zumindest eine dammförmige Erhöhung 10 nicht neben der Öffnung angeordnet, sondern befindet sich in der Verlängerung des Querschnittes der Öffnung (Zulauföffnung 9 und/Ablauföffnung 13), sodass diese dammförmige Erhöhung 10 in dem Teilbereich des Kühlkanales 8 des Oberteiles 2 als Strahlteiler dient. Mittels dieses Strahlteilers wird der insbesondere durch die zumindest eine Zulauföffnung 9 eingespritzte Ölstrahl aufgeteilt und kann sich in beide Richtungen des Kühlkanales 8 zu gleichen oder unterschiedlichen Teilen aufteilen. Figure 5 shows a three-dimensional view of the underside of the upper part 2, which points in the direction of the lower part 3. In addition to the corresponding joining surfaces 14, 15, it can be seen that in the partial area of the cooling channel 8 of the upper part 2, a dam-shaped elevation 10 (in the area of the inlet opening 9) is also formed by the upper part 2. In this case, the at least one dam-shaped elevation 10 is not arranged next to the opening, but is located in the extension of the cross section of the opening (inlet opening 9 and/or outlet opening 13), so that this dam-shaped elevation 10 serves as a jet splitter in the partial area of the cooling channel 8 of the upper part 2. By means of this jet splitter, the oil jet injected in particular through the at least one inlet opening 9 is divided and can be divided in both directions of the cooling channel 8 in equal or different parts.

In Figur 5 ist außerdem noch gezeigt, dass die quer zu dem Kühlkanal 8 erzeugte dammförmige Erhöhung 10 an dem Übergang zwischen der Erhöhung 10 und der Wand des Kühlkanales 8, insbesondere im Scheitelbereich des Kühlkanales 8, zumindest eine Ausnehmung 16, vorzugsweise mehrere Ausnehmungen, aufweist. Dadurch wird es ermöglicht, dass immer ein Teil des Kühlöles, welches in dem Kühlkanal 8 zirkuliert, dort ohne Behinderung durch die dammförmige Erhöhung 10 zirkulieren kann.In Figure 5 It is also shown that the dam-shaped elevation 10 produced transversely to the cooling channel 8 has at least one recess 16, preferably several recesses, at the transition between the elevation 10 and the wall of the cooling channel 8, in particular in the apex region of the cooling channel 8. This makes it possible for a portion of the cooling oil which circulates in the cooling channel 8 to always be able to circulate there without being hindered by the dam-shaped elevation 10.

Figur 6 schließlich zeigt die Innengeometrie 11 des Kolbens 1, bei dem die vorstehend beschriebenen Teile 2, 3 zusammengefügt worden sind. In diesem Fall ist erkennbar, dass im Bereich der Ablauföffnung 9 an dem Oberteil 2 nach unten weisend im Bereich des Querschnittes der Ablauföffnung 9 betrachtet eine als Strahlteiler dienende dammförmige Erhöhung 10 vorgesehen ist. Nicht erkennbar, aber vorhanden sind in dem Teilbereich des Unterteiles 3 neben der Zulauföffnung 9 (und gegebenenfalls auch neben der Ablauföffnung 13) jeweils zumindest eine dammförmige Erhöhung 10. Figure 6 Finally, the internal geometry 11 of the piston 1 is shown, in which the parts 2, 3 described above have been joined together. In this case, it can be seen that in the area of the drain opening 9 on the upper part 2, pointing downwards in the area of the cross section of the drain opening 9, a dam-shaped elevation 10 serving as a jet splitter is provided. Not visible, but present in the partial area of the lower part 3 next to the inlet opening 9 (and possibly also next to the drain opening 13), there is at least one dam-shaped elevation 10.

Die Ausrichtung der gezeigten dammförmigen Erhöhung 10 entweder in dem Unterteil 3 und/oder dem Oberteil 2 ist beispielhaft und erstreckt sich vorzugsweise radial ausgehend von der Kolbenhubachse. Andere radiale Ausrichtungen hiervon abweichend sind selbstverständlich auch denkbar.The orientation of the dam-shaped elevation 10 shown either in the lower part 3 and/or the upper part 2 is exemplary and preferably extends radially from the piston stroke axis. Other radial orientations deviating from this are of course also conceivable.

Bezugszeichenliste:List of reference symbols:

1.1st
KolbenPistons
2.2nd
Oberteiltop
3.3.
Unterteillower part
4.4th
RingfeldRingfeld
5.5th
Kolbenschaftpiston skirt
6.6th
Bolzenbohrungbolt hole
7.7th
Fügeebenejoining plane
8.8th
Kühlkanalcooling channel
9.9th
Zulauföffnunginlet opening
10.10th
Dammförmige Erhöhungdam-shaped elevation
11.11th
Innengeometrie (Innenseite)internal geometry (inside)
12.12th
Eintrittskonturentry contour
13.13th
Ablauföffnungdrain opening
14.14th
Äußere Fügeflächeouter joining surface
15.15th
Innere Fügeflächeinner joining surface
16.16th
Ausnehmungrecess

Claims (5)

  1. Piston (1) of an internal combustion engine, consisting of an upper part (2) and a lower part (3) which are joined together, wherein a cooling channel (8) is provided which comprises at least one inlet opening (9) and/or at least one outlet opening (13) for a coolant, wherein both a dam-shaped elevation (10) in the region of the inlet opening (9) and/or the outlet opening (13) is formed by a finished forged contour of a lower cooling channel region and an inlet contour (12) of the inlet opening (9) and/or the outlet opening (13) is formed on an inner side (11) of the piston (1) by pre-forging, wherein a V-shaped element, which projects into the cooling channel (8), is forged onto an upper cooling channel region in the region of the inlet opening (9) as a further dam-shaped elevation (10), and wherein the dam-shaped elevation (10) produced transversely to the cooling channel (8) in the form of the V-shaped element comprises at least one recess (16) at a transition between the dam-shaped elevation (10) in the form of the V-shaped element and a wall of the cooling channel (8).
  2. Piston (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the pre-forging at the inlet opening (9) is funnel-shaped.
  3. Piston (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the pre-forging is cylindrical at the outlet opening (13).
  4. Piston (1) according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that after the production of the lower part (3) during forging, a dam is formed as a dam-shaped elevation (10) which extends over the width of the cooling channel (8).
  5. Piston (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that the dam-shaped elevation (10) reaches a height of 20% to 80%, preferably 30% to 70%, of the total height of the cooling channel (8).
EP17822262.6A 2016-12-19 2017-12-19 Cooling channel having dam and funnel Active EP3555451B1 (en)

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US11326549B2 (en) * 2020-01-21 2022-05-10 Ford Global Technologies, Llc 218-0266 volcano-shaped inlet of piston oil-cooling gallery
DE102021133609B3 (en) 2021-12-17 2023-02-02 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Pistons with function-optimized piston cooling

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US9989008B2 (en) * 2014-04-09 2018-06-05 Ks Kolbenschmidt Gmbh Elongate cooling channel inlet for cooling channel pistons and method for operating
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CN110121590B (en) 2022-06-10
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US11053885B2 (en) 2021-07-06
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CN110121590A (en) 2019-08-13
WO2018114969A1 (en) 2018-06-28

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