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EP3339735B1 - Procédé de commande d'un rapport air-combustible dans un système de chauffage, unité de commande et système de chauffage - Google Patents

Procédé de commande d'un rapport air-combustible dans un système de chauffage, unité de commande et système de chauffage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3339735B1
EP3339735B1 EP17198205.1A EP17198205A EP3339735B1 EP 3339735 B1 EP3339735 B1 EP 3339735B1 EP 17198205 A EP17198205 A EP 17198205A EP 3339735 B1 EP3339735 B1 EP 3339735B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating system
fault
fuel
limit
value
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Application number
EP17198205.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3339735A1 (fr
Inventor
Remko Voordendag
Sipco Max Hijenga
Jan Koudijs
Jan Westra
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Publication of EP3339735A1 publication Critical patent/EP3339735A1/fr
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
    • F23N1/022—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/12—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods
    • F23N5/123—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/24—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements
    • F23N5/242—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2225/00—Measuring
    • F23N2225/26—Measuring humidity
    • F23N2225/30—Measuring humidity measuring lambda
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2227/00—Ignition or checking
    • F23N2227/18—Applying test signals, e.g. periodic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2241/00—Applications
    • F23N2241/06—Space-heating and heating water

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for controlling a fuel-air ratio in a heating system.
  • the invention also relates to a control unit designed to carry out the method according to the present invention and a heating system with the control unit according to the present invention.
  • the EP 0 806 610 A2 shows a well-known control method based on the ionization current, in which the current value of the ionization voltage is monitored and the fuel-air ratio is adjusted by controlling a fuel valve if the ionization voltage deviates too much from a setpoint.
  • the correct functioning of the sensors used to determine the fuel-air ratio must be guaranteed EP 0 806 610 A2 is not guaranteed.
  • the DE 10 2010 055 567 shows and describes a method in which a gas supply is briefly increased and a resulting brief increase in an ionization current at a burner flame is measured. The ionization current is correlated with the fuel/air ratio. In the DE 10 2010 055 567 the gas burner is controlled by a better one depending on the strength of the short-term increase in the ionization current
  • heating system is understood to mean at least one device for generating thermal energy, in particular a heater or heating burner, in particular for use in heating a building and/or for generating hot water, preferably by burning a gaseous or liquid fuel.
  • a heating system can also consist of several such devices for generating thermal energy as well as other devices that support the heating operation, such as hot water and fuel storage tanks.
  • combustion parameter is to be understood in particular as a scalar parameter which is correlated in particular with a combustion, in particular a mixture, in particular of combustion air and a fuel.
  • An example of a combustion parameter is an ionization current, which is measured on a flame of the heating system.
  • the presence and/or quality of combustion can be inferred and/or the presence and/or quality of combustion can be determined at least on the basis of the combustion parameter.
  • the combustion parameter advantageously corresponds to at least one or exactly one measured value that depicts and/or characterizes the combustion, or the combustion parameter can be unambiguously assigned to such a measured value. Examples of a measured value that depicts and/or characterizes the combustion are a combustion signal, in particular a light intensity, pollutant emissions, a temperature and/or advantageously an ionization signal.
  • An "average normal value” is to be understood as meaning an average value of the combustion parameter, which is averaged over a period of time that does not exhibit excessive fluctuations.
  • a fluctuation is to be understood as meaning a change over time in an absolute value of the combustion parameter. Excessive fluctuation can be understood to mean the occurrence of an excessively high absolute value of the combustion parameter and/or an excessively high rate of change of the absolute value of the combustion parameter. It is conceivable that the absolute value of the combustion parameter is recorded or stored as a function of time. The average normal value can be determined from the stored absolute value of the combustion parameter as a function of time. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the average normal value is determined over a period of time and excessive fluctuations in the combustion parameter are not taken into account.
  • a relative signal maximum is to be understood as meaning the maximum amplitude of the combustion parameter minus the largely constant amplitude of the combustion parameter before this period or the amplitude of the combustion parameter at the beginning of this period.
  • a relative signal maximum deviates sufficiently from the average normal value. The emergence of a relative signal maximum can be caused by a change in the boundary conditions affecting combustion. For example, a change in pressure and/or the flow rate and/or the composition of the combustion air and/or the fuel and/or the mixture of combustion air and fuel lead to a relative signal maximum.
  • a "first signal lower limit” is to be understood as meaning a value that is previously defined or determined during the execution of the method.
  • the first lower signal limit is provided for comparison with the combustion parameter.
  • the first lower signal limit may depend on one or more parameters, for example operating parameters of the heating system.
  • the first lower signal limit can depend on a burner output of the heating system.
  • a "setpoint" is understood to be a value that is previously established or determined during execution of the method.
  • the target value is provided for comparison with the combustion parameter.
  • the target value is a control value to which the combustion parameter is controlled in an intended operation of the heating system.
  • the first lower signal limit may depend on one or more parameters, for example operating parameters of the heating system.
  • the setpoint can depend on a burner output of the heating system.
  • first normal state or second normal state means a state of the heating system in which the operation of the heating system takes place within the intended framework.
  • First failure or “second failure” means a condition of the heating system in which operation is not possible within the intended framework. This includes defects and malfunctions as well as sub-optimal operation.
  • a second normal state or a second error state is determined in a test operation (see below). Examples of faults and defects are a fan that is not fully functional or blockages in the flow path that occur suddenly or slowly progress fuel-air mixture. Causes of such blockages are, for example, wind, dirt, deposits or corrosion. Examples of non-optimal operation are overloading or underloading of the heating system or non-optimal combustion in a combustion chamber of the heating system, for example due to incorrectly set operating parameters and/or incorrectly set sensors for determining the fuel-air ratio.
  • the combustion parameter is measured and stored continuously or regularly.
  • the average normal value and the relative signal maximum are determined from the stored values of the combustion parameter after time intervals that are previously defined or determined during the execution of the method. It is conceivable, for example, that a time interval is defined as soon as the combustion parameter deviates sufficiently from the target value.
  • test mode is to be understood as meaning an operating mode of the heating system in which the heating system is operated in such a way that the functionality of the heating system is checked.
  • sensors and/or analytics of the heating system can be checked in a test mode.
  • a test mode it can be determined whether the fuel-air ratio is largely correctly determined.
  • a functionality of the heater can deviate, in particular be limited, at least in part compared to an intended normal operation of the heater.
  • other methods can be carried out by the heater, at least in part, than in the intended normal mode.
  • a burner power range of the heater can be run through as completely as possible.
  • test time is a time at which a test operation is scheduled to be performed. The test time can be determined beforehand, in particular periodically, or determined during the execution of the method, for example when a first faulty state is determined.
  • a "fluid supply parameter" is to be understood in particular as a scalar parameter which is correlated in particular with at least one fluid supplied, in particular to a burner unit of the heating system, in particular a combustion air flow, a fuel flow and/or a mixture flow, in particular of combustion air and the fuel .
  • a volume flow and/or a mass flow of the at least one fluid can advantageously be inferred, in particular by a control and/or regulating unit of the heating system, at least on the basis of the fluid supply parameter, and/or the volume flow and/or the mass flow of the at least one fluid can be determined.
  • An example of a fluid supply parameter is the specification of an opening width of a fuel valve.
  • a “temporary, temporal fluid supply change” is to be understood as meaning a time-limited variation in the fluid supply parameter, so that it deviates from a largely constant value of the fluid supply parameter before the start of the fluid supply change.
  • the fluid supply parameter is initially increased or decreased over the period of time of the fluid supply change and then largely adjusted to the value of the fluid supply parameter before the start of the fluid supply change.
  • the duration of the fluid supply change is preferably pulse-like and short compared to the normal operation of the Heating system occurring intended temporal variations of the fluid supply parameter.
  • a "relative correlated signal maximum” is the maximum amplitude of the combustion parameter in a period correlated with the change in fluid supply over time, minus the largely constant amplitude of the combustion parameter before this period, or minus the amplitude of the combustion parameter at the beginning of this period, or minus the average normal value in this period to understand.
  • the relative correlated signal maximum is in particular a measure of the change in the combustion parameter due to the change in the fluid supply.
  • a “second lower signal limit” is to be understood as meaning a value that is previously defined or determined during the execution of the method.
  • the second lower signal limit is provided for comparison with the combustion parameter, in particular during test operation.
  • the second lower signal limit can depend on one or more parameters, for example operating parameters of the heating system. In particular, the second lower signal limit can depend on a burner output of the heating system.
  • the method according to the invention has the advantage that the fuel-air ratio can be determined correctly to the greatest possible extent even in the case of external influences on the combustion parameter, in particular due to wind and air pressure fluctuations. This enables the heating system to be operated as optimally and with as little pollution as possible.
  • the heating system is controlled depending on whether a fault is detected.
  • a cause of a first faulty state can advantageously be remedied if a first faulty state is detected in the method according to the present invention or is detected too often.
  • more extensive diagnostic methods are carried out to determine the cause of a detected first fault.
  • the heating system is controlled in such a way that the cause of the first fault is at least partially eliminated and/or that the cause of the first fault no longer affects the intended operation of the heater, at least to a large extent. In this way, the heating system can be brought into a first normal state as far as possible.
  • Carrying out the test mode has the advantage that the fuel/air ratio can be determined as far as possible at any time.
  • the fuel/air ratio can be determined independently of a relative signal maximum. The occurrence of a relative signal maximum can depend in particular on the external environmental conditions.
  • the fluid supply parameter corresponds to a control signal for metering a fuel and/or a combustion air and/or a mixture of a fuel and combustion air
  • test time interval is to be understood as the time interval between a last test time and a future test time that follows thereafter.
  • a test operation or the test operation is carried out if a time since the last test operation exceeds a maximum test time interval, a test operation that is repeated over and over again is guaranteed in this way. This makes operation of the heater particularly safe and trouble-free.
  • a "maximum test interval” is understood to mean a variable that is predetermined or can be set during operation of the heater. For example, it is conceivable that the maximum test time interval is selected depending on the location of the heating system in such a way that local emission regulations are complied with.
  • the burner output of the heating system is increased in an additional step if a first error is detected and/or if a first error counter variable exceeds a first lower error limit, the operation of the heater is particularly safe and robust against external influences. For example, it is conceivable that a first fault is caused by a strong wind or rapid pressure fluctuations outside the heater.
  • An increase in the burner output of the heating system for example by increasing a volume flow of a fuel-air mixture, makes the heating system less sensitive to wind or air pressure fluctuations.
  • a “first error counter variable” is to be understood as a variable, preferably an integer variable, which exists or is stored for longer than one iteration of the method according to the present invention and is increased if a first error state is detected. It is possible for the first error count variable to be decremented if a first normal condition or a second normal condition is determined. In particular, it is conceivable that the first error counter variable is reset to a starting value, for example the value 0, when a first normal state or a second normal state is determined.
  • a “first lower error limit” is to be understood as meaning a variable that is previously specified or that can be specified during operation of the heating device. It is possible that the first lower error limit is continuously updated depending on internal and external conditions. If, for example, a particularly windy weather situation is determined, the first lower error limit can be temporarily lowered.
  • first error counter variable is increased if a first error is detected and/or a second error counter variable is increased if a second error is detected, it is possible in this way to identify different causes for the first error and for the second error consider. This allows the method of the method according to the present invention to run particularly reliably and efficiently.
  • a "second error counter variable” is to be understood as meaning a variable, preferably an integer variable, which exists or is stored for longer than one iteration of the method according to the present invention. It is possible for the second error count variable to be decreased if a first normal condition or a second normal condition is determined. In particular, it is conceivable that the second error counter variable is set to a start value, for example the value 0, is reset when a first normal condition or a second normal condition is detected.
  • first upper error limit or a “second error limit” is to be understood as meaning a variable that is previously specified or that can be specified during operation of the heating device.
  • the first upper error limit is preferably greater than the first lower error limit. In this way, a first fault can initially be counteracted by increasing the burner output before a fault reaction is carried out.
  • An "error reaction” is to be understood as meaning an operating state of the heating system which is a reaction to an error, defect, malfunction or non-optimal operation that occurs.
  • An error response can be a method to correct the error, defect, malfunction or non-optimal operation.
  • the heating system can, for example, be shut down or switched off as an error response.
  • more extensive diagnostic methods can be carried out to determine the cause of a detected first fault and/or second fault.
  • the heating system is regulated in such a way that the cause of the first fault and/or the second fault is at least partially eliminated and/or that the cause or causes of the first fault and/or the second fault at least change largely no longer affects the intended operation of the heater. In this way, the heating system can be brought into a first normal state as far as possible.
  • combustion parameter is determined by measuring the ionization current on a flame of the heating system, this is particularly advantageous since there is a functional relationship between the ionization current on a flame and the fuel-air ratio, which can be evaluated particularly favorably.
  • the method is further improved if the desired value and/or the first lower signal limit and/or possibly the fluid supply change and/or possibly the second lower signal limit depend on a burner output parameter. In this way, the execution of the method is particularly reliable and emissions in heating operation are further reduced.
  • a control unit for a heating system wherein the control unit has a data memory, a computing unit and a communication interface for controlling the components of a heating system, wherein the control unit is set up to carry out a method for controlling a fuel-air ratio in a heating system according to the present invention offers the additional advantage of increasing the durability of the heating system, preventing malfunctions and thus increasing safety by largely preventing incorrect setting of the fuel-air ratio. In addition, by avoiding unnecessary test operations, wear and tear on the heating system is reduced and its availability increased.
  • a heating system with a control unit according to the present invention with an ionization probe on a flame and with a fan with variable fan speed has the advantage that incorrect setting of the fuel-air ratio is largely prevented during operation of the heating system. In this way, even in unfavorable weather conditions, unforeseen, heavy loads on the heating system, e.g Burner temperatures and/or fan speeds that are too high and/or soot emissions that are too high and/or excessive vibrations are avoided. This enables the heating system to be manufactured at low cost. In addition, fuel consumption is reduced and the service life of the heating system is increased or the time interval between the required inspections is reduced.
  • a heater 10 is shown schematically, which is arranged on a memory 12 in the embodiment.
  • the heater 10 has a housing 14 which accommodates different components depending on the degree of equipment.
  • the essential components are a heat cell 16, a control unit 18, one or more pumps 20 and piping 22, cables or bus lines 24 and holding means 26 in the heater 10.
  • the number and complexity of the individual components also depends on the equipment level of the heater 10.
  • the heat cell 16 has a burner 28, a heat exchanger 30, a blower 32, a metering device 34 and an air supply system 36, an exhaust system 38 and, when the heat cell 16 is in operation, a flame 40.
  • An ionization probe 42 projects into the flame 40 .
  • the dosing device 34 is designed as a fuel valve 44 .
  • a fan speed 74 of the fan 32 is variably adjustable.
  • the heater 10 and the memory 12 together form a heating system 46.
  • the control unit 18 has a data memory 48, a computing unit 50 and a communication interface 52. The components of the heating system 46 can be controlled via the communication interface 52 .
  • the communication interface 52 allows data to be exchanged with external devices. External devices are, for example, control devices, Thermostats and/or devices with computer functionality, such as smartphones.
  • FIG 1 shows a heating system 46 with a control unit 18.
  • the control unit 18 is located outside the housing 14 of the heater 10.
  • the external control unit 18 is designed as a room controller for the heating system 46 in special variants.
  • the control unit 18 is mobile.
  • the external control unit 18 has a communication link to the heater 10 and/or other components of the heating system 46 .
  • the communication connection can be wired and/or wireless, preferably a radio connection, particularly preferably via WLAN, Z-Wave, Bluetooth and/or ZigBee.
  • the control unit 18 can consist of several components, in particular components that are not physically connected.
  • At least one or more components of the control unit 18 can be partially or entirely in the form of software that is executed on internal or external devices, in particular on mobile computing units, such as smartphones and tablets, or servers, in particular a cloud.
  • the communication connections are then appropriate software interfaces.
  • FIG 2 shows the method 54 according to the invention for controlling a fuel-air ratio in a heating system 46.
  • a relative signal maximum 58 of a combustion parameter 60 is determined.
  • the combustion parameter 60 is an ionization current 62 (see figure 3 ).
  • the ionization current 62 is recorded by the control unit 18 and stored as a history.
  • the course of the ionization current 62 over time is continuously evaluated by the control unit 18 . If the course over time is too large fluctuation, step 56 is performed.
  • a maximum amplitude of the dither is stored as an absolute signal maximum.
  • a fluctuation is classified as too large if the value of the ionization current 62 changes by more than a tolerance range over a test period.
  • the test period and the tolerance range are dependent on a burner output and an absolute value of the ionization current 62 .
  • the test period can have values between 1 ms and 1000 ms, preferably between 10 ms and 100 ms.
  • the tolerance range can assume values between 10% and 70%, preferably between 20% and 50%, particularly preferably between 30% and 40%. In doing so, the control unit 18 takes into account a current operating mode of the heating system 46.
  • the absolute signal maximum is preferably detected in such an operating state of the heating system 46 in which a constant heating output is requested.
  • the relative signal maximum 58 is determined as the difference between the absolute signal maximum and a value of the ionization current 62 which was detected immediately before the fluctuation was detected.
  • an average normal value 66 of the combustion parameter 60 is determined.
  • a time average of the time profile of the ionization current 62 stored by the control unit 18 is formed for this purpose.
  • the mean value over time of the ionization current 62 is between a point in time immediately before a start of the fluctuation detected in step 56 and a point in time immediately after the end of a most recent fluctuation.
  • the average normal value 66 is determined over a period of a predetermined duration, with fluctuations being removed from the averaging. This has the advantage that a predefinable minimum period of time or a predefinable minimum quantity of data points is/are used for the averaging.
  • the average normal value 66 is preferably determined over a period of time in which the heating system 46 is in an operating state in which a constant heating output is required.
  • step 64 may be performed before step 56 in alternative embodiments. It is also possible for steps 56 and 64 to be carried out largely in parallel. In particular, it is conceivable that, in alternative embodiments, the average normal value 66 is used to determine the relative signal maximum 58, for example from the absolute signal maximum.
  • the time profile of the ionization current 62 recorded by the control unit 18 is divided into intervals, in particular regular intervals, in which average normal values 66 are determined using an averaging process in which data points that deviate too much are not taken into account.
  • the respective absolute signal maximum becomes the strongest data point deviating upwards in the respective interval, if one exists.
  • a first faulty state is determined in the exemplary embodiment if the relative signal maximum 58 is less than a first signal lower limit 70 or if the average normal value 66 deviates too much from a setpoint 72. If the relative signal maximum 58 is greater than or equal to the first signal lower limit 70 and the average normal value 66 does not deviate too much from the desired value 72, then a first normal state is determined.
  • first signal lower limit 70 is a predefined constant that is stored in control unit 18 .
  • the first lower signal limit 70 is 10 ⁇ A in the exemplary embodiment. In alternative embodiments, the first signal lower limit 70 is between 2 ⁇ A and 25 ⁇ A, preferably between 6 ⁇ A and 14 ⁇ A.
  • setpoint 72 depends on a burner output parameter 73 .
  • the desired value 72 is a control value to which the ionization current 62 is controlled when the heating system 46 is in operation.
  • the burner output parameter 73 is the fan speed 74.
  • a fan speed setpoint characteristic curve is stored in the control unit 18, which shows the functional relationship between the fan speed 74 and the setpoint 72 then required describes.
  • the desired value 72 assumes values between 10 ⁇ A and 100 ⁇ A, in particular between 30 ⁇ A and 60 ⁇ A.
  • the control unit 18 compares the relative signal maximum 58 determined in step 56 with the first signal lower limit 70 by checking which of the two values is greater.
  • the control unit 18 checks the average normal value 66 determined in step 64, in which it is determined whether the average normal value 66 does not deviate too much from the desired value 72 .
  • a deviation of the average normal value 66 from the target value 72 by more than 10% is classified as too great.
  • a maximum permissible deviation of the average normal value 66 from the target value 72 is between 1% and 25%, preferably between 5% and 15%.
  • the maximum permissible deviation of the average normal value 66 from the target value 72 depends on one or more parameters, for example on a burner performance parameter 73 and/or on information about a weather situation. If it is determined in step 68 that a first fault condition is present, a first fault counter variable 76 stored in control unit 18 is increased by 1. If it is determined that a first normal state is present, then the first error counter variable 76 is set to the value 0.
  • figure 3 illustrates the relationship between the ionization current 62 and the fuel/air ratio at a constant fan speed 74.
  • the ionization current 62 is plotted on a first ordinate axis 78.
  • the fuel/air ratio is shown on a first abscissa axis 80 .
  • the profile of the ionization current 62 has an ionization current maximum 82 at a fuel/air ratio of 1.
  • the heating system 46 with a fuel to air ratio of 1.3 (point 84 in figure 3 ) operated, i.e. with an excess of air.
  • the method 54 checks whether the heating system 46 is operating with excess air. A first normal state will only then detected when the value of the relative signal maximum 58 has a sufficiently high value.
  • the fluctuation in the ionization current 62 determined in step 56 is caused by a variation in the fuel/air ratio due to changing external conditions. If the fuel/air ratio before the variation is less than or equal to 1 or greater than 1 and close to the ionization current maximum 82, in particular sufficiently less than 1.3, the ionization current 62 can only increase slightly due to the variation. Since the increase in the ionization current 62, starting from the ionization current maximum 82, increases steadily in terms of amount, the ionization current 62 can only increase sufficiently due to the variation in the fuel-air ratio if the fuel-air ratio is far enough away from 1 before the variation.
  • a further condition for determining the first normal state is that the average normal value 66 does not deviate too much from a target value 72 . In this way, it is ensured that the desired value 72 is largely reached and that the heating system 46 is regulated with the ionization current 62 as the controlled variable to the greatest extent possible. From the condition that the average normal value 66 does not deviate too much from a target value 72, it can be concluded that the fuel/air ratio is not significantly less than 1 with a high probability. It is possible that additional methods and/or devices can be used to ensure that the fuel/air ratio is not significantly less than 1, for example by an embodiment of method 54 in which a test operation is carried out (see figure 4 ).
  • figure 4 shows a method 54 in which a test operation is carried out as soon as a test time 86 is reached.
  • the test mode includes the steps 88, 104 and 108.
  • the test mode is carried out as regularly as possible, the test time interval provided is one minute. In alternative embodiments, the test time interval can range from one second to hours.
  • the test time interval is selected as a function of an operating state of the heating system 46 . In further embodiments, the test time interval is selected depending on how often a first faulty state and/or how often a first normal state is detected in a predetermined time interval.
  • a temporal fluid supply change 90 of a fluid supply parameter 92 is generated.
  • the fluid supply parameter 92 is an intended opening width 94 of the doser 34.
  • the opening width 94 is a percentage, with an opening width 94 of 0% corresponding to a fully closed fuel valve 44 and an opening width 94 of 100% describing a fully opened fuel valve 44.
  • a relationship between the opening width 94 and a control signal required for this is stored in the control unit 18 .
  • the intended opening width 94 is implemented by the control unit 18 selecting the control signal and transmitting this control signal to the fuel valve 44 .
  • the opening width 94 describes a request that is transmitted to the fuel valve 44 .
  • the fluid delivery change 90 is in figure 5 pictured.
  • a second abscissa axis 96 represents a time.
  • On a second ordinate axis 98 are the fluid supply parameter 92 and the ionization current 62 shown.
  • the fluid supply change 90 runs in a largely square-wave pulse.
  • the fluid supply parameter 92 or the opening width 94 has a normal supply value.
  • the normal supply value is selected by the control unit 18 in such a way that the ionization current 62 largely takes the desired value 72 under the currently prevailing conditions.
  • the opening 94 is increased to a maximum feed value as rapidly as possible.
  • Thereafter, the opening width 64 is reduced to the normal supply as quickly as possible.
  • Pulse height 100 shown is 15%.
  • one inside figure 5 pulse width 102 shown is 120 ms.
  • the pulse height 100 and the pulse width 102 are constants stored in the memory unit 18 .
  • the pulse height takes 100 values in an interval between 10% and 20%.
  • the pulse width 102 can assume values in an interval between 50 ms and 200 ms.
  • the fluid supply change in particular embodiments 90 depends on at least one operating parameter of the heating system 46 .
  • the pulse height 100 and/or the pulse width 102 depends on a burner output parameter 73, for example the fan speed 74.
  • a relative correlated signal maximum 106 of the combustion parameter 60 or of the ionization current 62 is determined.
  • the relative correlated signal maximum 106 is correlated with the temporal fluid supply change 90 .
  • the ionization current 62 is determined by the ionization probe 42 on the flame 40 and transmitted to the control unit 18 .
  • the course of the ionization current 62 over time has the relative correlated signal maximum 106.
  • the relative correlated signal maximum 106 is calculated from the difference between an absolute correlated signal maximum and a value of the ionization current 62, which was determined shortly before the increase in the ionization current 62 correlated with the fluid supply change 90 (see figure 5 ).
  • a second error state is determined if the relative correlated signal maximum 106 is less than a second lower signal limit 110. If the relative correlated signal maximum 106 is greater than or equal to the second lower signal limit 110, a second normal state is determined.
  • the second signal lower limit 110 is a predetermined constant stored in the control unit 18 .
  • the second lower signal limit 110 is 5 ⁇ A in the exemplary embodiment. In alternative embodiments, the second lower signal limit 110 is between 1 ⁇ A and 2 ⁇ A, preferably between 3 ⁇ A and 7 ⁇ A.
  • the signal floor 110 is half the size of the first signal floor 70.
  • the control unit 18 compares the relative correlated signal maximum 106 ascertained in step 104 with the second signal lower limit 110 by checking which of the two values is greater. If it is determined in step 108 that a second fault condition is present, a second fault counter variable 112 stored in control unit 18 is increased by 1. If it is determined that a second normal state is present, the second error counter variable 112 is set to the value 0. In alternative embodiments, the first error count variable 76 is set to a value of 0 if a second normal condition exists. In further embodiments, the second error counter variable 112 is set to the value 0 if a first normal condition is determined.
  • first error counter variable 76 and/or the second error counter variable 112 is reduced, in particular reduced by 1, if a first normal state and/or a second normal state normal condition is determined. It is also conceivable that, in alternative embodiments, the first error counting variable 76 or the second error counting variable 112 is increased by a value greater than 1 if a first faulty state or a second faulty state is detected. In this way it can be set, for example, that more first normal states and/or second normal states than first fault states and/or second fault states are required in order to reduce first error counter variable 76 and/or second error counter variable 112 .
  • the fluid supply change 90 generated in step 88 temporarily lowers the fuel/air ratio.
  • a positive relative correlated signal maximum 106 is only possible if the fuel/air ratio previously had a value greater than 1. If the fuel/air ratio previously had a value less than or equal to 1, the ionization current 62 is reduced by the fluid supply change 90 (see FIG figure 3 ).
  • fluid supply parameter 92 corresponds to a control signal to fuel valve 44 or to a value, in particular a scalar value, that can be derived from the control signal.
  • the fluid supply parameter 92 corresponds to a control signal for dosing combustion air and/or a mixture of fuel and combustion air.
  • the control signal sent by the control unit 18 is composed of at least one control command to at least one dosing device 34 .
  • the at least one doser 34 is at least one fuel valve 44 and/or at least one blower 32.
  • a dosing value of the doser 34 is measured and used as a fluid supply parameter 92.
  • Dosing value is to be understood as a parameter that describes the state of the dosing device 34 and which allows conclusions to be drawn about the amount of substance supplied and/or passed through the dosing device 34 .
  • An example of a dosing value is a measured opening size of the fuel valve 44 and/or a measured fuel flow.
  • a future test time is postponed if a first normal state is determined before the future test time is reached.
  • a future test time is postponed if a first normal state is determined often enough, for example three times, before the future test time is reached.
  • an immediately following test time is postponed to the following test time or the current test time interval is doubled if a first normal state is detected or is detected often enough.
  • an immediately following test time is extended by an absolute time length, for example 15 seconds, or a relative time length, for example 10% of the current test time interval, if a first normal state is detected or is detected often enough.
  • a test operation is performed if a time since a last test operation exceeds a maximum test time interval.
  • the maximum test time interval is in particular an upper limit for the test time interval. In this way it is ensured that variants with a variably extendable test time interval or with a postponed future Test time this future test time is not shifted too far into the future.
  • the control unit 18 records the time that has elapsed since a test operation was last carried out.
  • the maximum test time interval it is possible for the maximum test time interval to be specified during operation of the heating system 46 .
  • the control unit 18 receives information about a geographic location or the location of the heating system 46 .
  • the maximum test interval can be selected so that the local emission regulations are always met.
  • the maximum test time interval is 10 minutes. In variants, the maximum test time interval can range from one minute to hours.
  • figure 6 shows an embodiment of the method 54 in which steps 56, 64 and 68 are carried out first. Then, in a step 114 , the control unit 18 checks the value of the first error counter variable 76 and the value of the second error counter variable 112 . If the first error counter variable 76 exceeds a first upper error limit 116 or if the second error counter variable 112 exceeds a second error limit 118, the method 54 is continued on path A and an error reaction 120 is carried out. In the present embodiment, the first upper error limit 116 has the value 4 and the second error limit 118 has the value 3. As an error response 120, the heating system 46 is shut down.
  • first error count variable 76 is checked by control unit 18 in step 114 . If the first error counter variable 76 exceeds a first lower error limit 122, the method 54 is continued on path B and the burner output is increased in a step 124. In the present embodiment, the first lower error limit 122 has the value 1. In step 124 the burner output is realized by increasing the fan speed 74 . In the present embodiment, the burner power is increased by 50% of the burner power present at an execution time of step 114 .
  • the method 54 is ended after step 114 (path C in figure 6 ).
  • the burner output is increased in a subsequent step 124 as error response 120 and/or a test operation comprising steps 88, 101 and 108 is carried out.
  • the change in fluid supply 90 is increased in a subsequent step 88, for example in which the pulse height 100 and/or the pulse width 102 is increased.
  • the first upper error limit 116 and/or the first lower error limit 122 and/or the second error limit 118 to assume any other integer values.
  • the first lower Error limit 122 assume the value 0, so that a step 124 is always carried out if a first error is detected.
  • first upper error limit 116 and/or first lower error limit 122 and/or second error limit 118 each depend on additional information; in particular, these variables can be defined and/or updated during operation of the heater. It is conceivable that the first upper error limit 116 and/or the first lower error limit 122 and/or the second error limit 118 are selected depending on the geographic location such that the local emission regulations are always met.
  • the increase in the burner output in step 124 is selected depending on the operating state of the heating system and/or depending on the burner output present at an execution time of step 114 .
  • the burner power is increased by a variable percentage of the burner power present at an execution time of step 114 .
  • the percentage is preferably in a range between 10% and 200%, in particular between 25% and 100%.
  • the combustion parameter 60 is an ionization current 62.
  • the ionization current 62 is determined by an ionization current measurement on a flame 40 of the heating system 46.
  • the ionization current 62 is determined by the ionization probe 42 and transmitted to the control unit 18 .
  • the combustion parameter 60 is a light intensity, a lambda value, pollutant emissions and/or a temperature.
  • the lambda value is measured with a lambda probe in an exhaust gas.
  • the exhaust system 38 has the lambda probe.
  • the pollutant emission is determined by a sensor device which is located on the flame 40 and/or in the exhaust system 38 .
  • the temperature is determined by a contact thermometer and/or a non-contact thermometer, in particular a pyrometer. The thermometer can be located in the exhaust system 38 and/or can measure the flame 40 .
  • setpoint 72 and/or first signal lower limit 70 and/or possibly fluid supply change 90 and/or possibly second signal lower limit 110 depend on a burner output parameter 73, for example a fan speed 74.
  • the form of the respective dependency depends on the technical properties of the heating system 46.
  • the first lower signal limit 70 and/or, if applicable, the second lower signal limit 110 each have a high value for a low fan speed 74 and this value with an increasing fan speed 74 sinks.
  • the process 54 is less sensitive to fluctuations in the ionization current 62, which are typically larger at small torch powers.
  • the fluid delivery change 90 is small at low fan speed 74 and increases with increasing fan speed 74 . In this way it is ensured that the regulation of the heating system 46 is not disturbed by an excessive fluid supply change 90 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Procédé (54) de contrôle d'un rapport combustible/air dans un système de chauffage (46), ledit procédé comprenant les étapes suivantes :
    • déterminer un maximum de signal relatif (58) d'un paramètre de combustion (60), le paramètre de combustion (60) étant corrélé au rapport combustible/air,
    • déterminer une valeur normale moyenne (66) du paramètre de combustion (60),
    • constater un premier état d'erreur si le maximum de signal relatif (58) n'atteint pas une première limite de signal inférieure (70) ou si la valeur normale moyenne (66) s'écarte trop d'une valeur cible (72), ou constater un premier état normal si le maximum de signal relatif (58) atteint une première limite de signal inférieure (70) et si la valeur normale moyenne (66) ne s'écarte pas trop d'une valeur cible (72),
    caractérisé en ce qu'un mode de test est réalisé si un instant de test (86) est atteint, lequel comporte les étapes supplémentaires suivantes :
    • générer une variation d'alimentation en fluide temporaire (90) en fonction du temps d'un paramètre d'alimentation en fluide (92),
    • déterminer un maximum de signal corrélé relatif (106) d'un paramètre de combustion (60), lequel maximum est corrélé avec la variation d'alimentation en fluide (90),
    • constater un deuxième état d'erreur si le maximum de signal corrélé relatif (106) n'atteint pas une deuxième limite de signal inférieure (110), ou constater un deuxième état normal si le maximum de signal corrélé relatif (106) atteint une deuxième limite de signal inférieure (110).
  2. Procédé (54) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le paramètre d'alimentation en fluide (92) correspond à un signal de commande du dosage de combustible et/ou d'air de combustion et/ou d'un mélange de combustible et d'air de combustion.
  3. Procédé (54) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'instant de test (86) est décalé ou un intervalle de temps de test est augmenté si un premier état normal est constaté.
  4. Procédé (54) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'un ou le mode de test est réalisé si un temps écoulé depuis un dernier mode de test dépasse un intervalle de temps de test maximum.
  5. Procédé (54) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que, dans une étape supplémentaire, la puissance de brûleur du système de chauffage est augmentée si un premier état d'erreur est constaté et/ou si une première variable de compteur d'erreurs (76) dépasse une première limite d'erreur inférieure (122).
  6. Procédé (54) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'une ou la première variable de compteur d'erreurs (76) est augmentée si un premier état d'erreur est constaté et/ou une deuxième variable de compteur d'erreurs (112) est augmentée si un deuxième état d'erreur est constaté.
  7. Procédé (54) selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce qu'une réaction d'erreur est effectuée si la première variable de compteur d'erreurs (76) dépasse une première limite d'erreur supérieure (116) et/ou si la deuxième variable de compteur d'erreurs (112) dépasse une deuxième limite d'erreur (118).
  8. Procédé (54) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le paramètre de combustion (60) est déterminé par une mesure de courant d'ionisation sur une flamme (40) du système de chauffage (46) .
  9. Procédé (54) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la valeur cible (72) et/ou la première limite de signal inférieure (70) et/ou, le cas échéant, la variation d'alimentation en fluide (90) et/ou, le cas échéant, la deuxième limite de signal inférieure (110) dépendent d'un paramètre de puissance de brûleur (73).
  10. Unité de commande (18) destinée à un système de chauffage (46), ladite unité de commande comportant une mémoire de données (48), une unité de calcul (50) et une interface de communication (52) pour commander les composants d'un système de chauffage (46), l'unité de commande (18) étant conçue pour mettre en œuvre un procédé (54) de contrôle d'un rapport combustible/air dans un système de chauffage (46) selon l'une des revendications précédentes.
  11. Système de chauffage (46) comprenant une unité de commande (18) selon la revendication 10, une sonde d'ionisation (42) sur une flamme (40) et un ventilateur (32) à vitesse variable (74).
EP17198205.1A 2016-12-21 2017-10-25 Procédé de commande d'un rapport air-combustible dans un système de chauffage, unité de commande et système de chauffage Active EP3339735B1 (fr)

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DE102016225752.8A DE102016225752A1 (de) 2016-12-21 2016-12-21 Verfahren zur Kontrolle eines Brennstoff-Luft-Verhältnisses in einem Heizsystem sowie eine Steuereinheit und ein Heizsystem

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EP3339735B1 true EP3339735B1 (fr) 2022-08-17

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4429157A1 (de) * 1994-08-17 1996-02-22 Kromschroeder Ag G Verfahren zur Funktionsüberwachung eines Steuer- und Regelsystems
DE19539568C1 (de) * 1995-10-25 1997-06-19 Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co Kg Verfahren und Schaltung zur Regelung eines Gasbrenners
US5798946A (en) * 1995-12-27 1998-08-25 Forney Corporation Signal processing system for combustion diagnostics
DK0806610T3 (da) * 1996-05-09 2001-10-15 Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co Kg Fremgangsmåde til drift af en brænder
AT505244B1 (de) * 2007-06-11 2009-08-15 Vaillant Austria Gmbh Verfahren zur überprüfung des ionisationselektrodensignals bei brennern
DE102010055567B4 (de) 2010-12-21 2012-08-02 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zur Stabilisierung eines Betriebsverhaltens eines Gasgebläsebrenners
DE102011079325B4 (de) * 2011-07-18 2017-01-26 Viessmann Werke Gmbh & Co Kg Verfahren zur Luftzahlregelung eines Brenners
ES2646213T3 (es) * 2012-07-04 2017-12-12 Vaillant Gmbh Procedimiento para la supervisión de un quemador que funciona con gas de combustión

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