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EP3366999A1 - Injecteurs de purge passive - Google Patents

Injecteurs de purge passive Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3366999A1
EP3366999A1 EP18157925.1A EP18157925A EP3366999A1 EP 3366999 A1 EP3366999 A1 EP 3366999A1 EP 18157925 A EP18157925 A EP 18157925A EP 3366999 A1 EP3366999 A1 EP 3366999A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
circuit
air
gaseous fuel
fuel
outlet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP18157925.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Philip E. Buelow
Andy W. Tibbs
Steven L. Smith
David H. Bretz
Travis R. Burke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Collins Engine Nozzles Inc
Original Assignee
Delavan Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Delavan Inc filed Critical Delavan Inc
Publication of EP3366999A1 publication Critical patent/EP3366999A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/02—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
    • F23R3/04—Air inlet arrangements
    • F23R3/10—Air inlet arrangements for primary air
    • F23R3/12—Air inlet arrangements for primary air inducing a vortex
    • F23R3/14—Air inlet arrangements for primary air inducing a vortex by using swirl vanes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
    • F23R3/283—Attaching or cooling of fuel injecting means including supports for fuel injectors, stems, or lances
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/24—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space by pressurisation of the fuel before a nozzle through which it is sprayed by a substantial pressure reduction into a space
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
    • F23R3/36—Supply of different fuels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2204/00—Burners adapted for simultaneous or alternative combustion having more than one fuel supply
    • F23D2204/10—Burners adapted for simultaneous or alternative combustion having more than one fuel supply gaseous and liquid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23R2900/00004—Preventing formation of deposits on surfaces of gas turbine components, e.g. coke deposits

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to injectors, and more particularly to multiple circuit injectors with passive purge for inactive circuits.
  • Dual-fuel gas-turbine fuel injectors often require active purging of the idle fuel circuit with air in order to prevent unwanted fouling and liquid fuel collecting in the idle gas circuit.
  • This active purging requires costly additional subsystems, which can also add a parasitic efficiency loss to the engine.
  • Passive-purge concepts have been used to obviate the need for active purging; however, traditional passive-purge injectors only function for a relatively narrow range of Wobbe Index fuels around the design point.
  • the Wobbe Index is a way of comparing energy density of one fuel to another, and varies proportionally with calorific value and inversely with the square root of specific gravity.
  • a fuel with a higher Wobbe Index value can be supplied at a lower flow rate than a fuel with a lower Wobbe Index value. If gaseous fuel is used with a Wobbe Index value sufficiently lower than the design point for a given traditional passive purge injector, then the gaseous fuel will tend to backflow into the diffuser cavity and lead to possible engine damage.
  • a method of injecting fuel in a gas turbine engine includes injecting gaseous fuel from a gaseous fuel circuit of an injector in a first mode, wherein flow of gaseous fuel from the gaseous fuel circuit constricts air flow from an air circuit outboard or inboard of the gaseous fuel circuit in the first mode.
  • the method includes injecting liquid fuel from a liquid fuel circuit in a second mode, wherein the second mode includes idling flow in the gaseous fuel circuit and flowing air through the air circuit for passive purge to prevent liquid fuel from migrating into the gaseous fuel circuit. Switching the air circuit between constricted flow in the first mode and unconstricted flow in the second mode is accomplished by activating or idling the gaseous fuel circuit, respectively.
  • Injecting gaseous fuel includes injecting a gaseous fuel that lies within a range of different Wobbe Index values ranging from a first Wobbe Index value to a second Wobbe index value, wherein regardless of where the gaseous fuel falls in the range of different Wobbe Index values, it does not prevent operation in the first mode constricting air flow from the air circuit in the first mode, and wherein regardless of where the gaseous fuel falls in the range of different Wobbe Index values, it does not prevent operation in the second mode preventing liquid fuel migrating into the gas circuit in the second mode.
  • the first Wobbe Index value and the second Wobbe Index value can differ by a factor up to 3. It is also contemplated that the first Wobbe Index value and the second Wobbe Index value can differ by a factor of 3 or more.
  • Constricting air flow from the air circuit in the first mode can include flowing gaseous fuel from the gaseous fuel circuit in a flow path that crosses an outlet opening of the air circuit, restricting how much air can flow through the air circuit.
  • Flowing gaseous fuel in a flow path that crosses the outlet opening of the air circuit can include flowing the gaseous fuel from a converging lip bounding an outlet of the gaseous fuel circuit to a converging lip bounding the outlet opening of the air circuit.
  • the converging lip bounding the outlet of the gaseous fuel circuit can impart a momentum vector on gas flowing out of the gaseous fuel circuit to at least partially block off the outlet opening of the air circuit.
  • Back-flowing gaseous fuel into a compressor discharge cavity supplying air to the air circuit can be prevented in the first mode.
  • some air can be discharged through the constricted air circuit, and gaseous fuel from the gaseous fuel circuit and air from the air circuit can both exit the injector through a common exit passage.
  • Constricting air flow from the air circuit in the first mode can include constricting up to 65% of the air flow through the air circuit compared to air flow through the air circuit in the second mode.
  • Flowing air through the air circuit for passive purge can include impinging air from the air circuit onto an outer surface of a liquid injector inboard of the gaseous fuel circuit.
  • Passive purge to prevent liquid fuel from migrating into the gaseous fuel circuit can include scrubbing liquid fuel from a conical surface of a liquid injector inboard of the gaseous flow circuit with impinging air flow from the air circuit.
  • Impinging air from the air circuit onto the outer surface of the liquid injector can include issuing air from an outlet opening of the air circuit defined between two converging lips of the injector.
  • Back-flowing liquid fuel into a compressor discharge cavity supplying air to the air circuit can be prevented in the second mode. It is also contemplated that migrating liquid fuel into the gaseous fuel circuit and/or growing carbon on a conical surface of a liquid injector inboard of the gaseous flow circuit can be prevented in the second mode.
  • a fuel injector can include a liquid injector having a liquid fuel circuit, a gaseous fuel circuit outboard or inboard of the liquid fuel circuit, and an air circuit outboard or inboard of the gaseous fuel circuit.
  • the gaseous fuel circuit and liquid fuel circuit can be configured to operate in the two modes described above.
  • a converging lip can bound an outlet of the gaseous fuel circuit, wherein the converging lip is configured to impart a momentum vector on gas flowing out of the gaseous fuel circuit to at least partially block off the outlet opening of the air circuit in the first mode.
  • a fuel injecting arrangement includes a body comprising:
  • a converging lip can bound an outlet of the gaseous fuel circuit forming a conical shape, wherein the converging lip is configured to impart a momentum vector on gas flowing out of the gaseous fuel circuit to at least partially block off the outlet opening of the air circuit in the first mode, such that gaseous fuel flowing through the gaseous fuel circuit is directed at least partially radially inwardly prior to being mixed with air.
  • a fuel injecting arrangement includes a body comprising:
  • Fig. 1 a partial view of an exemplary embodiment of an injector in accordance with the disclosure is shown in Fig. 1 and is designated generally by reference character 100.
  • Other aspects of injectors in accordance with the disclosure are provided in Fig. 2 , as will be described.
  • the systems and methods described herein can be used to provide passive purge of liquid fuel in dual-fuel, e.g., gaseous and liquid fuel, injection for gas turbine engines over a wide range of Wobbe Index values for the gaseous fuel.
  • Fuel injector 100 includes a liquid injector 102 having a liquid fuel circuit 104 (two or more liquid fuel circuits can be used, e.g., a primary for low power and a secondary high power), a gaseous fuel circuit 106 outboard of the liquid fuel circuit 104, and an air circuit 108 outboard of the gaseous fuel circuit 106.
  • a liquid fuel circuit 104 two or more liquid fuel circuits can be used, e.g., a primary for low power and a secondary high power
  • a gaseous fuel circuit 106 outboard of the liquid fuel circuit 104
  • an air circuit 108 outboard of the gaseous fuel circuit 106.
  • the gaseous fuel circuit 106 and liquid fuel circuit 104 are configured to operate in the two modes described below and shown respectively in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 .
  • a converging lip 110 bounds the outlet 112 of the gaseous fuel circuit 106 forming a conical shape.
  • a method of injecting fuel in a gas turbine engine includes injecting gaseous fuel from a gaseous fuel circuit, e.g. gaseous fuel circuit 106, of an injector, e.g., injector 100.
  • Flow of gaseous fuel from the gaseous fuel circuit constricts air flow from an air circuit, e.g. air circuit 108, outboard of the gaseous fuel circuit in the first mode.
  • the converging lip 110 is configured to impart a momentum vector, represented by the flow arrows in Fig.
  • Constricting air flow from the air circuit in the first mode can include flowing gaseous fuel from the gaseous fuel circuit in a flow path that crosses an outlet opening, e.g. outlet opening 114, of the air circuit, restricting how much air can flow through the air circuit, as indicated by the flow arrows in Fig. 1 .
  • This can include flowing the gaseous fuel from converging lip 110 to a converging lip 116 bounding the outlet opening 114 of the air circuit, i.e. as shown in Fig. 1 by the flow arrows of gaseous fuel circuit 106 crossing outlet opening 114 from tip to tip of the lips 110 and 116.
  • a compressor discharge cavity e.g., the space designated by reference character 118, supplies air to the air circuit.
  • the amount of air constriction in the first mode will vary depending on the Wobbe Index of the gaseous fuel being used, with fuels at low end of allowable Wobbe Index range reducing air flow to near zero.
  • Constricting air flow from the air circuit in the first mode can include constricting up to 65% or more of the air flow through the air circuit compared to air flow through the air circuit in the second mode, which is described below.
  • the method includes injecting liquid fuel from a liquid fuel circuit, e.g., liquid fuel circuit 104, in the second mode as represented schematically in Fig. 2 by the droplets issuing from the outlet 113 of the liquid fuel circuit 104.
  • the second mode includes idling flow in the gaseous fuel circuit and flowing air through the air circuit for passive purge to prevent liquid fuel from migrating into the gaseous fuel circuit, as indicated by the flow arrows in air circuit 108 in Fig. 2 .
  • Back-flowing liquid fuel into a compressor discharge cavity 118 can also be prevented in the second mode. Switching the air circuit between constricted flow in the first mode and unconstricted flow in the second mode is accomplished by activating or idling the gaseous fuel circuit, respectively.
  • Flowing air through the air circuit for passive purge includes impinging air from the air circuit onto an outer surface 122 of the liquid injector 102. This scrubs liquid fuel from a conical surface 122 with impinging air flow from the air circuit. Impinging air from the air circuit onto the outer surface of the liquid injector can include issuing air from an outlet opening, e.g., outlet opening 114, of the air circuit defined between two converging lips, e.g. lips 110 and 116, of the injector.
  • the method includes injecting gaseous fuel that lies within a range of different Wobbe Index values ranging from a first Wobbe Index value to a second Wobbe Index value, wherein regardless of where the gaseous fuel falls within the range of different Wobbe Index values, it does not prevent operation in the first and second modes as described herein.
  • the first Wobbe Index value and the second Wobbe Index value can differ by a factor up to 3 or more. For example, this allows use of a given fuel injector constructed in accordance with this disclosure in gas turbine engines at various locations where the gas supplies are very different from one another in Wobbe Index values, i.e., this allows for greater flexibility in what installations/locations the injectors can be used compared to traditional injectors.
  • This also allows for switching, or gradual change in a given gas supply, from a first gaseous fuel supplied to the gaseous fuel circuit to a second gaseous fuel, wherein the first gaseous fuel has a different Wobbe Index value from the second gaseous fuel, i.e. this allows for greater operational flexibility than traditional injectors.
  • a nominal value for the range of Wobbe Index could be for natural gas at 1370 BTU/scf (or anywhere in a wider range for natural gas of 1310-1390 BTU/scf), and the range can go down to 1/3 to 1/4 of that nominal value, for example for low BTU landfill gas
  • BTU refers to British thermal units (where 1 BTU equals 1055.06 Joules)
  • scf refers to standard cubic feet, an amount of natural gas contained at standard temperature and pressure in one cubic foot, where one cubic foot equals 0.0283 cubic meters).
  • switching from the first gaseous fuel to the second gaseous fuel does not prevent operation in the first mode constricting air flow from the air circuit in the first mode, and wherein switching from the first fuel to the second fuel does not prevent operation in the second mode preventing liquid fuel migrating into the gas circuit in the second mode.
  • CFD computational fluid dynamics

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
EP18157925.1A 2017-02-22 2018-02-21 Injecteurs de purge passive Ceased EP3366999A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US15/439,014 US20180238548A1 (en) 2017-02-22 2017-02-22 Passive purge injectors

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3366999A1 true EP3366999A1 (fr) 2018-08-29

Family

ID=61274080

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18157925.1A Ceased EP3366999A1 (fr) 2017-02-22 2018-02-21 Injecteurs de purge passive

Country Status (3)

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US (1) US20180238548A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3366999A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2018136116A (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11378275B2 (en) * 2019-12-06 2022-07-05 Raytheon Technologies Corporation High shear swirler with recessed fuel filmer for a gas turbine engine
US11808219B2 (en) 2021-04-12 2023-11-07 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Fuel systems and methods for purging

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3285007A (en) * 1963-11-11 1966-11-15 Rolls Royce Fuel injector for a gas turbine engine
GB2016673A (en) * 1978-03-18 1979-09-26 Rolls Royce Fuel injector
EP0849533A2 (fr) * 1996-12-19 1998-06-24 Asea Brown Boveri AG Dispositif de brûleur pour une turbine à gaz
EP0905443A2 (fr) * 1997-09-30 1999-03-31 General Electric Company Buse à deux combustibles pour empêcher les dépÔts carbonés sur les surfaces dans une chambre de combustion d'une turbine à gaz
EP1243854A1 (fr) * 2001-03-09 2002-09-25 ALSTOM (Switzerland) Ltd Injecteur de carburant
US20050193741A1 (en) * 2004-03-04 2005-09-08 General Electric Company Liquid fuel nozzle apparatus with passive water injection purge
EP2372241A1 (fr) * 2010-03-30 2011-10-05 General Electric Company Buse à carburant à section variable

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA1178452A (fr) * 1981-07-23 1984-11-27 Robie L. Faulkner Turbines a gaz
GB9321505D0 (en) * 1993-10-19 1993-12-08 Europ Gas Turbines Ltd Fuel injector
JP4728176B2 (ja) * 2005-06-24 2011-07-20 株式会社日立製作所 バーナ、ガスタービン燃焼器及びバーナの冷却方法
US7926282B2 (en) * 2008-03-04 2011-04-19 Delavan Inc Pure air blast fuel injector
US20100162711A1 (en) * 2008-12-30 2010-07-01 General Electric Compnay Dln dual fuel primary nozzle
JP6474951B2 (ja) * 2013-04-10 2019-02-27 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 燃焼器

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3285007A (en) * 1963-11-11 1966-11-15 Rolls Royce Fuel injector for a gas turbine engine
GB2016673A (en) * 1978-03-18 1979-09-26 Rolls Royce Fuel injector
EP0849533A2 (fr) * 1996-12-19 1998-06-24 Asea Brown Boveri AG Dispositif de brûleur pour une turbine à gaz
EP0905443A2 (fr) * 1997-09-30 1999-03-31 General Electric Company Buse à deux combustibles pour empêcher les dépÔts carbonés sur les surfaces dans une chambre de combustion d'une turbine à gaz
EP1243854A1 (fr) * 2001-03-09 2002-09-25 ALSTOM (Switzerland) Ltd Injecteur de carburant
EP1243854B1 (fr) * 2001-03-09 2005-07-20 ALSTOM (Switzerland) Ltd Injecteur de carburant
US20050193741A1 (en) * 2004-03-04 2005-09-08 General Electric Company Liquid fuel nozzle apparatus with passive water injection purge
EP2372241A1 (fr) * 2010-03-30 2011-10-05 General Electric Company Buse à carburant à section variable

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2018136116A (ja) 2018-08-30
US20180238548A1 (en) 2018-08-23

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