EP3347131B1 - Method and device for dismounting rollers of a roller press - Google Patents

Description

introduction

1. a) Die Losrolle wird von der Tragkonstruktion gelöst.
2. b) Die Losrolle wird entfernt, wobei zumindest die Losrolle nach ihrer Lösung von der Tragkonstruktion in eine Richtung parallel zu ihrer Drehachse relativ zu der Tragkonstruktion bewegt wird.

The present invention relates to a method for dismantling the rollers of a roller press standing on a base, the roller press comprising at least one supporting structure, at least two rollers mounted on the supporting structure and at least one pressing device, the rollers being rotated about an axis of rotation when the roller press is in operation , each with an axis of rotation extending in the longitudinal direction of the associated roller, the axes of rotation being oriented parallel to one another and horizontally, so that the rollers jointly delimit a grinding gap into which the material to be ground can be input and then milled between the rollers, at least one of the rollers being Loose roller is designed, which cooperates with at least two pivoting devices, the loose roller in its opposite end portions is each mounted on a bearing point of a pivoting device, the at least one pressing device at a point of attack at least one of the swivel devices engages so that the idler roller can be pivoted about a swivel axis relative to the rest of the supporting structure by the action of the pressing device by means of the swivel devices, the distance between the two rollers being greater when the idler roller is in an alternating position than when the idler roller is in one Operating position, the process comprises the following process steps:

1. a) The idler roller is detached from the supporting structure.
2. b) The idler roller is removed, at least the idler roller being moved after its release from the support structure in a direction parallel to its axis of rotation relative to the support structure.

The term "roller press" is used in technology synonymously with the term "material bed roller mill".

The "support structure" refers to the substructure of the rollers of the roller press, that is, the construction that is required for the storage of the rollers. The supporting structure can in particular comprise a supporting steel building construction and foundations.

The rollers are suitable for grinding the ground material. For the application in the field of rock grinding, such rolls generally have a diameter of at least 1.0 m, in particular of 1.5 m, and have a mass of 60 t to 100 t. Operating forces can occur in the grinding operation, which are in the range of 50 MN to 100 MN and can therefore exceed the weight forces of the rollers by approx. A factor of 100. In the application of rock crushing, the grinding gap typically has a width of a few centimeters, in particular it is in the range between 10 mm and 70 mm.

The term "swivel device" describes a part of the supporting structure on which at least one of the rollers, in particular exactly one roller, is mounted. The swivel devices can be swiveled about their swivel axis, which means that the roller mounted on the swivel device can be moved relative to the rest of the supporting structure in the course of the swiveling of the swivel device, in particular on a circular arc. The swivel devices can in particular be formed by a support arm formed by steel, wherein the swivel devices are pivoted by means of the at least one pressing device.

The "pressing device" is generally suitable for generating a compressive or a tensile force. It is therefore an active element that creates a force by supplying external energy. Such a pressing device can in particular be formed by a hydraulic device.

State of the art

Methods of the type described in the introduction have been known for some time. The associated roller presses are used in particular to shred rock and minerals, so that individual fractions can be separated from the rock. A typical area of application for such roller presses is the extraction of raw materials, in which overburden from a mine has to be crushed and broken up in order to extract the desired valuable materials from the rock.

The DE 10 2013 010 220 A1 shows a so-called "high pressure roller press", in which two rollers are movably mounted on respective pendulums. The pendulums are each rotatably supported in a steel supporting structure, so that the rollers can move in a direction perpendicular to their longitudinal axes. The rollers jointly delimit a grinding gap, the pendulums being coupled to one another by means of a spring device, so that a pushing apart of the two rolls as a result of operating forces is counteracted by an opposite effect of the spring device on the pendulums.

As a further prior art, the FR 2 755 881 A a roller mill, in particular for cereals or the like, that is to say foodstuffs, the roller mill being provided with pendulum-shaped bearing arms for storing both rollers in each case. The bearing arms are aligned vertically and are each supported at their upper ends with the help of an axis in a machine frame. On the underside of the bearing arms, these are coupled to one another via a cylinder which is connected to a nitrogen gas reservoir, that is to say a gas spring, in order to keep the grinding pressure constant. In addition, "adjustable stop means" are provided on the underside of the pendulum arms in the vicinity of each of the aforementioned cylinders, which stop means are intended to fix the nip.

Furthermore describes the WO 2006/045256 A1 a three-roller mill for dispersing and evenly distributing solid particles suspended in a binder. In the three-roll mill, the middle roll is fixedly mounted in the frame, whereas the two are movably mounted relative to it in relation to the outer rolls. In the case of the two "pairs of two", one roller is thus stationary, while the other is movable relative to it.

As another document describes the EP 0 734 770 A1 a material bed roller mill that is suitable for grinding grain. The mill comprises two rollers arranged parallel to one another, which together delimit a grinding gap. One of the rollers is fixed, while the other roller is movably mounted. The mobility of the latter roller serves to change the size of the grinding gap. The movably mounted roller can be moved by means of a piston drive. For this purpose, the roller is rotatably mounted on an upper pivot bearing. By actuating the piston drive, a lower connection point of the bearing of the movable roller is moved in the direction of the fixed roller, the entire bearing including the roller rotating about the upper rotary bearing and thereby causing a translational movement of the roller. In other words, the grinding gap between the two rollers is reduced by extending the piston of the piston drive.

In conclusion, the WO 2005/102531 A1 pointed. This also shows a grain mill in which a grinding gap is limited by means of two rollers arranged parallel to one another. This invention has set itself the task of automatically changing the distance between the two rollers from one another, the grinding gap depending on a loading of the same with regrind. It is particularly important that the rollers automatically move away from one another as soon as no regrind is added from above. In this way, excessive wear of the rollers by direct contact with them can be prevented. This is achieved in that - as soon as a regrind is introduced into the grinding gap - a vertically downward force is exerted on the right roller, which leads to the loose roller being moved towards the other roller. As soon as there is no more material to be ground, the contact pressure automatically drops out and the loose roller is moved away from the other roller again, which increases the grinding gap to its maximum size.

Another state of the art is the European patent application EP 2 662 143 A1 pointed. This describes a roller press with two mutually assigned, horizontally oriented rollers, a method for exchanging one of the rollers being proposed in particular. For this purpose, a lifting tool is used, which is positioned next to the roller press. This lifting tool comprises a swivel mount, by means of which the roll to be changed can be "pivoted" laterally out of the latter after its release from the other roller press and can thus be transferred to the lifting tool. The roll can then be removed using the lifting tool.

The known roller presses have in common that changing the rollers is particularly complex. It goes without saying that the rollers of a roller press suitable for grinding stone and minerals are exposed to particularly high loads and are subject to a correspondingly high level of wear. An exchange of the rolls is therefore necessary at certain intervals in order to maintain the performance of the roll press.

In the prior art, to change the rollers, it is regularly necessary to dismantle a considerable part of the roller press so that the rollers can be "exposed" and then removed. In particular, the rollers are removed upward and / or laterally, in each case perpendicular to their axes of rotation, from their bearings from the supporting structure, in particular by means of a load crane.

The high effort involved in changing a roll sometimes entails considerable costs, which is due in particular to the large amount of work and the long downtimes and the associated other system parts of a larger process chain of the roll press.

task

The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a method which simplifies a change of roles compared to the prior art.

solution

The underlying object is achieved on the basis of a method of the type described in the introduction by the following method step:
c) The idler roller is lowered relative to the supporting structure from its operating position before it moves parallel to the rotary axis.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the method, after their release, both rollers are transported away from the supporting structure and lowered relative to the supporting structure parallel to their axes of rotation relative to the supporting structure.

The method according to the invention has many advantages. These result from the fact that, in contrast to the prior art, the loose roller cannot be moved perpendicular to its axis of rotation but parallel to it. As alternative dismantling directions, which are used in the state of the art, in particular a direction upwards as well as perpendicular to the axis of rotation to the side come into question. In both cases, it is necessary to dismantle a considerable part of the roller press, in particular its supporting structure, in order to expose the roller or rollers before they are transported away. Only then is a respective roll freely movable in the prior art and can be transported away, for example using a load crane, to lift it out of the roll press.

According to the method according to the invention, however, the idler roller is lowered relative to the supporting structure prior to its movement parallel to the axis of rotation and is thus moved, so to speak, "down" from its operating position in which it was previously mounted on the supporting structure. In this way, a later collision of the idler roller with the support structure in the course of the axis-parallel movement of the idler roller can be avoided.

This procedure is particularly simple if a free space is available below the idler roller, the height of which is suitable for transporting the idler roller. The "downward" removal described is also particularly advantageous if the space below the idler roller is free even when the roller press is in operation load-bearing components, so that in advance of the dismantling of a role, complex preparatory work such as dismantling essential parts of the supporting structure can be omitted.

The idler roller is preferably lowered to such an extent that a collision of the idler roller with the supporting structure in the course of its movement parallel to the axis of rotation is avoided, preferably lowering the idler roller within a range between 3 cm and 30 cm, preferably between 4 cm and 25 cm, more preferably between 5 cm and 20 cm.

In contrast to the known assembly methods, the movement of at least the idler roller in a direction parallel to its axis of rotation largely avoids a collision with the supporting structure, so that little or no measures have to be taken to remove the respective roller. This considerably speeds up the process of changing the loose roll and shortens the service life of the roll press accordingly.

In order to completely remove the idler roller from the support structure, it is particularly advantageous if it is first moved parallel to its axes of rotation by at least its entire length, the "length" of the roller including its stub shaft end. It goes without saying that one end of the idler roller facing away from the direction of movement should be completely removed from the supporting structure so that it can then be transported away freely. In order to pass a bearing of the roller of its end facing the direction of movement, it is therefore advantageous if it is moved at least over its entire length.

With regard to the direction of movement of the idler roller, it is also particularly advantageous if it turns away from its associated drive device. The latter serve to drive the roller and for this purpose are connected to a shaft of the roller in a torque-transmitting manner. Before dismantling a roller, the associated drive device must be disconnected from the roller, the drive device being arranged next to the roller in an axial extension of the respective roller. In order to avoid dismantling the drive device, the roller should therefore be moved in a direction facing away from the drive device.

Furthermore, it can be particularly advantageous if the idler roller is released from the supporting structure by lifting bearing surfaces of the idler roller from corresponding bearing surfaces of the swivel devices, the idler roller preferably being lifted by a maximum of 3 cm, more preferably by a maximum of 1.5 cm. The purpose of lifting the roller is only to lift it from its bearing seat. Therefore is basically already a minimal increase is sufficient, at the end of which the idler roller and the pivoting devices should be disconnected, so that the pivoting devices can be moved independently of the idler roller and can be moved away accordingly. Apart from a possible lifting of the idler roller for lifting off its bearing surfaces, the lowering of the idler roller is advantageously the first step in the course of its movement relative to the supporting structure. In other words, the idler roller is advantageously first lowered from its operating position and only then moved parallel to its axis of rotation.

In order to avoid a collision with the swivel devices, it is particularly advantageous after the loosening roll has been released from the swivel devices (regardless of whether this solution is achieved by lifting the loosened roll or in another way) if the swivel devices are swiveled into a change position in which they release the roll. In other words, the pivoting device should be moved after its release from the idler roller such that the idler roller is freely movable relative to the pivoting devices, in particular in a direction parallel to the axis of rotation.

Such a movement of the swivel devices can be generated particularly easily by means of the pressing device (s), which, instead of exerting a compressive force for pressing the idler roller against the other roller, advantageously exert a tensile force on the swivel device (s) around a bearing point of the idler roller on the swivel device as far as possible from the other roll, preferably at least so far that the idler roll is free.

In a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, which is fundamentally independent of the other advantageous method steps, the loose roller is removed from the supporting structure by means of a transport vehicle after it has been dismantled. For this purpose, the vehicle is preferably positioned below the roller so that the roller can be placed on the transport vehicle and can then be driven off.

It is particularly advantageous here if the transport vehicle can be positioned directly below the idler roller, that is, within a free space that extends below the roller. The transport vehicle is preferably guided on rails which extend at least partially below the rollers, so that the transport vehicle can travel under the rollers.

The method steps described above can also be used analogously for the other role, which can in particular be carried out as a fixed role, with one Fixed role is simply not a "swinging away" of swivel devices. This will be dealt with separately below.

If a transport vehicle is used, it is particularly advantageous if the latter is equipped with a lifting device which is arranged from the transport vehicle. By means of such a hoist, a roller to be dismantled can first be raised - as described above - in order to lift it with its bearing surfaces from corresponding bearing surfaces of the supporting structure or the pivoting devices and in this way to detach them from the supporting structure. With such a configuration of the transport vehicle, no further device, in particular no load crane, is necessary to lift the respective roller.

Such a hoist can in particular be designed in the form of a hydraulically driven table which can be raised perpendicularly to a transport plane of the transport vehicle. It is advantageous if a contact surface on which the respective roll is to lie is curved and in particular is adapted to a curvature of a lateral surface of the roll. In this way the roller can be stored on the hoist in a stable equilibrium and in particular cannot "roll down" to the side of the same.

If the transport vehicle has a hoist, it can be particularly advantageous if it can be moved parallel to the transport plane of the transport vehicle and perpendicular to the axes of rotation of the rollers on the transport vehicle. In this way, the hoist can be positioned relative to the roll to be lifted, while a position of the transport vehicle does not have to be adjusted. The latter preferably has a width which corresponds to at least a sum of the diameters of the two rollers, so that the hoist can be easily moved under both rollers.

As already mentioned above, it is particularly advantageous for the method if the other roller is further dismantled after the loose roller, in particular in the same way as the loose roller. For the disassembly of the other roll, it is advantageous if the loose roll is first dismantled and only then the other roll. This is especially true if the other role is a fixed role.

This is based on the consideration that the rollers are each supported on stub shaft ends. In the case of a loose roller, this is carried out by means of the swivel devices, in the case of a fixed roller by means of corresponding bearing points on the supporting structure. In order to be able to be moved parallel to their axes of rotation, the rollers must be free at least to one side, that is to say with one that is parallel to the axis of rotation Do not collide movement with the supporting structure. In the case of the idler roller, such a “release” is particularly simple, as explained above, by pivoting the pivoting devices into a changing position. A comparable release is not possible with a fixed roller, however, because the bearing points of the fixed roller are not movable.

It is therefore necessary to move the roll itself instead of the bearing points and thereby expose it. In order to give the fixed roller space for such a lateral movement oriented perpendicular to its axis of rotation, it is particularly simple to first disassemble the loose roller. As soon as this is removed, the fixed roller can, as it were, be moved from its operating position towards the loose roller that is no longer present and can be detached from the supporting structure in this way. This procedure can be understood particularly well below using the exemplary embodiment.

The method according to the invention can be carried out particularly well by means of a roller press and a transport vehicle for dismantling rollers of the roller press, the roller press comprising at least one supporting structure and at least two rollers mounted on the supporting structure, the rollers being rotatable about an axis of rotation when the roller press is in operation, wherein each axis of rotation extends in the longitudinal direction of the associated roller, the axes of rotation being oriented parallel to one another and horizontally, so that the rollers jointly delimit a grinding gap into which the ground material can be input and then can be ground between the rollers, the transport vehicle comprising at least one lifting device, the hoist being movable perpendicular to a horizontal transport plane relative to the rest of the transport vehicle, perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the transport vehicle and parallel to the transport plane relative to the rest of the transport vehicle.

According to the invention, the support structure has a free space below the rollers, into which the transport vehicle can enter, so that the transport vehicle can come into contact with at least one of the rollers from its underside, wherein at least one roller can be lowered relative to the support structure by means of the lifting device. The device according to the invention is particularly well suited to grip at least one roller, preferably both rollers, from the underside thereof and then to lower it relative to the supporting structure to such an extent that a collision with a subsequent movement of the respective roller in its direction parallel to the axis of rotation with the supporting structure is not to be feared. In contrast to the prior art, disassembly of further parts of the supporting structure can largely be dispensed with. The change of the role (s) is therefore considerably simplified when using the device according to the invention. In particular, the one below the space created by the rollers is particularly well suited for accommodating a transport vehicle described above and in this way completely dismantles the rollers without the use of a goods crane or the like.

The term "free space" is to be understood in such a way that the associated space is free "components that support the loose roller". This is of particular importance insofar as the free space does not have to be used to support the loose roll. This means that all components that could be set up in the free space (regrind hopper, partition walls, press housing, etc.) may extend within the free space, but are only important for the operation of the roller press, not for their static integrity. It follows from this that a “free space” referred to here is also free space in the sense of the present application if it is spatially blocked by various components in an operating state. In any case, these components can be easily removed, so that the described advantage of accessibility of at least the idler roller from its underside is retained in the course of a roller change.

A vertically measured height of the free space is advantageously at least 0.5 m, preferably at least 0.75 m, more preferably at least 1.0 m. These dimensions make it possible to disassemble the loose roller from its underside, for example by means of a transport vehicle that can move on rails. The free space thus defined extends, at least in the case of the loose roller, preferably in the case of both rollers, over the entire width of the respective roller and / or over an entire axial length of the respective roller, which has this measured parallel to its axis of rotation. This ensures that the respective roller can move within the free space, in particular can be lowered into the free space and can be moved parallel to its axis of rotation within the free space.

In particular, by means of the transport vehicle, it is furthermore particularly easily possible to move at least the idler roller relative to the supporting structure in a direction parallel to its axis of rotation and in this way to remove it from the supporting structure.

For the implementation of the method according to the invention, it is also particularly favorable, although not mandatory, if the supporting structure comprises at least two half frames, the half frames being arranged one behind the other as viewed in the longitudinal direction of the rollers and each half frame interacting with at least one of the swivel devices and in each case at least one support and has at least one rigid bar connected to the support. Such one Half-frame construction, as is also shown in the exemplary embodiments below, is particularly well suited to creating the space described below the rollers, which can then be used for the transport vehicle.

embodiments

Fig. 1:

Eine seitliche Ansicht einer Rollenpresse,

Fig. 2:

Eine weitere Ansicht der Rollenpresse gemäß Figur 1, jedoch in einem anderen Zustand,

Fig. 3:

Eine perspektivische Ansicht der Rollenpresse gemäß Figur 1,

Fig. 4:

Eine vordere Ansicht der Rollenpresse gemäß Figur 1,

Fig. 5:

Eine Prinzipskizze der Rollenpresse gemäß Figur 1 in einer seitlichen Ansicht und

Fig. 6a - 6q:

Einzelne Schritte eines Verfahrens zum Wechseln von Rollen der Rollenpresse.

The method according to the invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of an exemplary embodiment which is illustrated in the figures. Show it:

Fig. 1:

A side view of a roller press,

Fig. 2:

Another view of the roller press according to Figure 1 but in a different state,

Fig. 3:

A perspective view of the roller press according to Figure 1 .

Fig. 4:

A front view of the roller press as per Figure 1 .

Fig. 5:

A sketch of the principle of the roller press Figure 1 in a side view and

6a - 6q:

Individual steps of a process for changing rolls of the roll press.

An exemplary embodiment, which is shown in the figures, comprises a roller press 1 which stands on a surface. The roller press 1 comprises a support structure 2, two rollers 3, 4 and a pressing device 5. The rollers 3, 4 are mounted on the support structure 2 . This means that the rollers 3, 4 are fastened above the subsurface by means of the support structure 2 and are "carried" in the literal sense by the support structure.

The rollers 3, 4 are rotatably mounted so that they can be rotated about respective axes of rotation 6, 7 . The axes of rotation 6, 7 are arranged parallel to one another and at least substantially horizontally. The distance between the two axes of rotation 6, 7 is approximately the sum of the radii of the rollers 3, 4. In an operating state of the roller press 1 , the rollers 3, 4 are typically driven in opposite directions. Between the rollers 3, 4 located at least in the operating state of the roller press 1, a grinding gap 8. In this grinding gap 8 is inputted by means of the roller press 1 to crumbling millbase.

The roller press 1 shown is a material bed roller mill which is suitable for grinding minerals. The rollers 3, 4 have a diameter of approximately 1.30 m and each have a mass of approximately 90 t. On a top surface of the rollers 3, 4 , a plurality of so-called "studs" are arranged, which radially over the Protruding the outer surface and made of a highly wear-resistant material. The regrind can be ground particularly well by means of these studs in particular.

In the Figure 1 The roller 4 shown on the right is designed as a so-called loose roller 4 , the other roller 3, on the other hand, as a so-called fixed roller 3. In contrast to a fixed roller, a loose roller is movably mounted, which means that a loose roller during operation of the respective roller press, as planned, under the operating forces that occur, that is, perpendicular to their axis of rotation, can dodge. The idler roller 4 of the present roller press 1 is movably mounted on the remaining support structure 2 by means of two swivel devices 9, 10 . When viewed in the axial direction of the idler roller 4 , the pivoting devices 9, 10 are arranged on opposite ends of the idler roller 4 or on shaft ends 38 belonging to the idler roller 4 and projecting axially on both sides .

The rollers 3, 4 themselves - viewed in the axial direction - are arranged in a region between the swivel devices 9, 10 and between corresponding half frames 25, 26 of the supporting structure 2 (the half frames 25, 26 will be discussed separately below). How to look in particular Figure 4 results, the rollers 3, 4 are mounted on both sides in the supporting structure by means of the associated shaft stub 38 , the idler roller 4 in the pivoting devices 9, 10 and the fixed roller 3 being mounted directly on bearing points 37 of the supporting structure 2 . The storage takes place by means of roller bearings 56, which are designed here as roller bearings. These roller bearings 56 serve to transfer the bearing forces of the rollers 3, 4 , but to maintain their ability to rotate about their axes of rotation 6, 7 . In the side views shown here, the rollers 3, 4 as such or their outer surfaces are almost completely covered by the roller bearings 56 .

The rollers 3, 4 are each driven by means of an associated drive device, not shown in the figures, wherein in Figure 4 only one connection point 42 for the idler roller 4 shown there is shown. The drive devices are connected on one side of the supporting structure 2 by means of a coupling (also not shown) to a stub shaft 38 of the respective roller 3, 4 .

According to the front view Figure 4 there is also a filling funnel 53, by means of which the ground material can be fed into the grinding gap 8 . The filling funnel 53 is arranged centrally above the rollers 3, 4 and extends partially in an open area between the opposing half frames 25, 26 of the supporting structure 2.

The swivel devices 9, 10 are rotatably mounted on the rest of the support structure 2 , specifically about a swivel axis 13, on a swivel bearing 34 connecting a respective swivel device 9, 10 to the rest of the support structure is trained. The swivel bearing 34 is suitable for absorbing horizontal and vertical bearing forces of the associated swivel device 9, 10 , but no torques. In this respect, it is an articulated bearing in the static sense.

The idler roller 4 is mounted on bearings 11 on the swivel devices 9, 10 . The bearing points 11 are located at an end region near a lower end 14 of the respective swivel device 9, 10. The swivel devices 9, 10 also each cooperate with a pressing device 5 . Basically, it is conceivable that both swivel devices 9, 10 cooperate with a common pressing device; such a solution is not shown here. The pressing devices 5 are suitable for exerting forces on the swivel devices 9, 10 so that they are swiveled about their swivel axes 13 or maintain their position despite the operating forces acting on them. In this way, the idler roller 4 can be moved relative to the fixed roller 3 , the idler roller 4 describing a circular path about the pivot axis 13 . The movability of the idler roller 4 can be used, for example, to change the width of the grinding gap 8 and to adapt it to external conditions.

Viewed in the vertical direction, an attack point 12 of the associated pressing device 5, the associated pivot axis 13 and the bearing point 11 of the idler roller 4 are each arranged in a certain “sequence” along the respective pivoting device 9, 10 on both swivel devices 9, 10 . In particular, the idler roller 4 or its axis of rotation 7 is arranged below both the pivot axis 13 and the point of attack 12 of the pressing device 5 . This arrangement has the particular advantage that the swivel devices 9, 10 do not extend below the idler roller 4 . The result of this is that the idler roller 4 is "carried" to a certain extent, that is to say the weight and the operating forces acting during operation of the roller press 1 are "hung up". A direct removal of these forces starting from the idler roll 4 does not take place vertically downwards.

This arrangement has the particular advantage that a free space 16 extends beneath the idler roller 4 , which is in principle free of parts of the supporting structure 2 . The free space 16 here extends over a height 17 of approximately 2 m and extends from a lower end 15 of the loose roller 4 to the ground. As later in particular in connection with the Figures 6a to 6g results, this free space 16 is particularly useful to disassemble the rollers 3, 4 of the roller press. In particular, it is possible to support the rollers 3, 4 from their undersides, if necessary to move them somewhat in the vertical direction and then to move them in a direction parallel to their axes of rotation 6, 7 relative to the supporting structure 2 . This will be dealt with separately below.

Furthermore, here the contact point 12 of the pressing device 5 is arranged in a particularly advantageous manner vertically above the pivot axis 13 of the pivoting devices 9, 10 . This arrangement allows the pivoting devices 9, 10 to be pivoted around the pivot axis 13 using comparable low forces or to be stabilized against occurring operating forces, since a ratio of a lever arm 18 between the point of application 12 of the pressing device 5 and the pivot axis 13 relative to a lever arm 19 between the pivot axis 13 and the bearing 11 is particularly favorable. In the roller press 1 shown here, a lever ratio of the two lever arms 18, 19 to one another is approximately 2.0, the lever arm 18 between the point of attack 12 and the pivot axis 13 perpendicular to a line of action 32 of one by means of the pressing device 5 on the respective pivot device 9, 10 applied force is measured.

The pivoting devices 9, 10 are designed to deviate from a straight line, that is to say their center lines 20, which in particular result from the Figures 2 and 5 result, and have at least one curvature. In the example shown here, this curvature is achieved in a respective swivel device 9, 10 by means of a kink 24 , which is arranged in the region of the swivel axis 13 or the swivel bearing 34 . This kink 24 is particularly good based on the schematic diagram in accordance with Figure 5 recognizable.

The curved design means that a total height 23 of the swivel devices, which, viewed in the vertical direction, results between opposite ends 21, 22 of the swivel devices 9, 10 , is smaller than a length of the swivel devices 9, 10 along their center lines 20 ( "extended length"). This embodiment is advantageous in that an overall height of the roller press 1 can be kept comparatively low without having to forego the advantageous lever transmission ratio described above.

A kink angle a, around which the swivel devices 9, 19 are kinked in the area of their kink points 24 , is 45 ° in the example shown. The respective pressing device 5 of a swivel device 9, 10 is connected in an articulated manner to the associated point of attack 12 , so that only tensile or compressive forces, but no torques, can be transmitted. An angle β between a connecting line 33 of the respective swivel device 9, 10 and the action line 32, along which said forces of the pressing device 5 act, is in FIG Figure 1 shown operating state of the roller press 1 about 90 °. The connecting line 33 describes the line that extends between the point of attack 12 and the pivot bearing 34 and is therefore decisive for determining the lever arm 18 ( Figure 5 ). It is understood that the choice of the angle β at 90 ° offers maximum utilization of the length of the swivel devices 9, 10 between the respective swivel bearings 34 and the points of attack 12 .

The pressing devices 5 are each connected to the supporting structure 2 by means of an articulated bearing 52 . These are in turn bearings that are only suitable for absorbing vertical and horizontal forces, but not for torques. The pressure devices 5 are consequently freely rotatable about an associated axis of rotation on their spherical bearings 52 relative to the supporting structure 2 . This is particularly the case when the two states of the roller press 1 are compared according to FIGS Figures 1 and 2 clear.

The supporting structure 2 itself is formed by two half-frames 25, 26 set up next to one another. These are each formed by a support 27 and a bolt 28 , the bolt 28 being connected to the associated support 27 to form a rigid corner 31 . The rigid corner 31 is suitable for transmitting bending moments between the support 27 and the associated bolt 28 . The supports 27 of the half frame 25, 26 are clamped in the underground. This means that the support of the supports 27 on or in the subsurface is suitable for absorbing all bearing forces and bearing moments that act on the supports 27 .

The half frames 25, 26 are arranged offset one behind the other relative to the axes of rotation 6, 7 of the rollers 3, 4 . Each of the half frames 25, 26 cooperates with one of the swivel devices 9, 10 , as can be seen in particular from the perspective illustration Figure 3 results.

The fixed roller 3 is mounted directly on the support structure 2, namely on the supports 27 of the half frames 25, 26 . For this purpose, the support structure 2 has corresponding bearing points 37, which are particularly simple in the Figures 5 and 6 are recognizable. The fixed roller 3 is immovably mounted. A deflection of the rollers 3, 4 relative to one another as a result of operating forces can consequently be recorded in the roller press 1 shown here exclusively by means of a movement of the idler roller 4 and an associated (minimal) pivoting of the pivoting devices 9, 10 .

The roller press 1 shown has the particular advantage that its geometric design enables a particularly favorable course of forces and thus a particularly slim design of the two half frames 25, 26 . This results particularly well from the representations according to the Figures 1 and 5 , In the following consideration, only operating forces are taken into account which act on the rollers 3, 4 during the operation of the roller press 1 . These operating forces are about an order of magnitude 10 ² above the weight forces exerted by the rollers 3, 4 , so that a pure consideration of the operating forces to explain a state of force during operation of the roller press 1 is permissible.

The operating forces acting on the rollers 3, 4 act almost exclusively in the horizontal direction on the rollers 3, 4. The rollers 3, 4 accordingly endeavor to move away from one another. The fixed roller 3 has no possibility for this due to its fixed mounting. However, the idler roller 4 can move at least minimally against forces applied to the swivel devices 9, 10 by means of the pressing devices 5 , with deflections of a maximum of a few centimeters occurring during operation.

When the fixed roller 3 is considered, it emerges that the operating forces acting thereon are introduced directly into the supporting structure 2 , an action line 29 of a resultant 30 of these forces running approximately horizontally.

Looking at the loose roller 4 , it emerges that the operating forces, starting from the loose roller 4, are first introduced into the swivel devices 9, 10 and then starting from the same into the rest of the supporting structure 2 . In the example shown here, this introduction takes place at two locations per swivel device 9, 10 , namely on the swivel bearing 34 and by means of the associated pressing device 5. Since the pressing device 5 is designed in the static sense as a so-called pendulum rod, it follows that the pressing device 5 is not suitable for the transmission of torques, but can only transmit compressive and tensile forces. It follows that a line of action of a transferred by means of a respective pressing device 5 motor 32 extends through the end articulated connection points of the pressing device 5, in this case by the engagement point 12 and the spherical bearings 52. The line of action 29 of the fixed roller 3 (or of their bearing points 37) and the action line 32 of the pressing devices 5 intersect with each other at an action line intersection 41.

When the half-frames 25, 26 are taken in isolation, it also emerges that a resultant 36, which is introduced into the respective bolt 28 of the other supporting structure 2 on the pivot bearing 34 by means of the associated pivoting device 9, 10 , has an action line 35 , which extends between the pivot axis 13 and the effective line intersection 41 . With a known orientation of the pressing devices 5 , an inclination and a position of the action lines 35 of the resultants 36 acting on the pivot bearings 34 can be determined directly. In Figure 6d is a along the line of action 35, not shown there arranged stiffening rib 57 can be seen , which is suitable for absorbing the forces occurring along this line of action 35 and thus reinforcing the support structure 2 in a targeted manner.

It has proven to be particularly favorable if the line of action 35 of a resultant 36 runs as continuously as possible within the supporting structure 2 and does not emerge from the supporting structure 2 . It has also been shown that it is nonetheless irrelevant whether the line of action 35 emerges from the respective half frames 25, 26 on the sides facing away from the rollers 3, 4 and whether the line of action intersection 41 is “in the air” to a certain extent. Crucially, however, the line of action that 35 of the resultant 36 of the rollers 3, 4 viewed from the side of a vertically and tangentially adjacent to the solid roll 3 vertical plane 40 extends within the support structure 2 and at any point between the pivot bearing 34, and an intersection of the line of action 35 emerges from the supporting structure 2 with the vertical plane 40 described. The course of the line of action 35 is consequently of importance, as it were, within a half space 39 , which extends from said vertical plane 40 in the direction of the rollers 3, 4 . This results particularly well Figure 5 ,

The course of the line of action 35 of the largest resultant 36 within the supporting structure 2 contributes to the fact that the occurrence of unfavorable bending moments is reduced and the acting forces can be transferred in substantial parts via compressive and in particular tensile forces. This helps to achieve a particularly slim design of the support structure 2 and here in particular the latch 28 of the half-frames 25, 26. The slim latch 28 in turn has a favorable effect on the height 17 of the free space 16 extending below the rollers 3, 4 , which makes a particular advantageous disassembly of the rollers 3, 4 "from below" is made possible, as follows.

As has already been explained above, the construction of the roller press 1 provides the particular advantage that there is a free space 16 below the rollers 3, 4 which is free of components carrying the rollers 3, 4 . It is basically conceivable that the free space 16 is not completely free of any components; in particular, it is conceivable that auxiliary structures for the removal of the ground material or supporting structures are located within the free space 16 . However, these auxiliary constructions have in common that they are not absolutely necessary for the derivation of either weight forces or operating forces of the rollers 3, 4 and are therefore easily removable.

It is precisely this fact that can be particularly advantageous for carrying out a method for dismantling the rollers 3, 4, as can be seen in FIGS Figures 6a to 6a results, which represent a similar procedure in its individual steps. The free space 16 makes it possible to support the rollers 3, 4 from their undersides and to remove them to a certain extent "below" the supporting structure 2 . Since the free space 16 is at least essentially free of solid and non-removable components, it is either constantly free or can be freed of any components using only very little effort, so that a roll change can take place. A time-consuming partial disassembly of the roller press 1, in particular the supporting structure 2, or at least individual essential parts of the same can thus be avoided and consequently downtimes of the roller press 1 can be reduced.

The method for roll change is presently carried out using a guided on rails 47 transport vehicle 45, wherein the transport vehicle 45 along its longitudinal axis 49 along the rails 47 is movable. The rails 47 extend parallel to the axes of rotation 6, 7 of the rollers 3, 4 and up to below the rollers 3, 4.

Before dismantling the rollers 3, 4 , a press housing 54 must first be removed, which only serves to house the rollers 3, 4 , in order to avoid unwanted dust and the like during operation of the roller press 1 and to protect the operating personnel from between them rotating rollers 3, 4 to get.

After removal of the press housing 54 , the transport carriage 45 can be moved on the rails 47 directly under the rollers 3, 4 . At this time, the idler roller 4 is still in an operating position in which it, together with the fixed roller 3, limits the grinding gap 8 . It follows that the rollers 3, 4 are positioned at least with part of their circumference or cross-section between the half frames 25, 26 such that a movement of the rollers 3, 4 parallel to their axes of rotation 6, 7 is not possible directly because the rollers 3, 4 would otherwise collide with the supporting structure 2 . It is therefore necessary in the example shown to first move the rollers perpendicularly to their axes of rotation 6, 7 , that is to say in particular to lower them in order to “expose them”. Only then can the rollers be moved along the rails 47 in the axial direction by means of the transport vehicle 45 and finally transported away.

The result is still that the hard roll 3 at least to some extent laterally toward the idle roller 4 to be moved, in order completely to be exposed, i.e. without risk of collision with the supporting structure 2 along the rails 47 moved to be able to. Such a movement of the fixed roller 3 towards the idler roller 4 is in the shown Example, however, is not possible at first, since the loose roller 4 is "in the way". Therefore, in the method shown here, the idler roller 4 is first dismantled and only then the fixed roller 3 .

The idler roller 4 is supported by means of its roller bearings 56 at the bearing points 11 of the swivel devices 9, 10 . The roller bearings 56 lie here with corresponding bearing surfaces 43 on corresponding bearing surfaces 44 of the swivel devices 9, 10 . In order to detach the idler roller 4 from the swivel devices 9, 10 , their bearing surfaces 43 are first lifted off the bearing surfaces 44 . For this purpose, the transport vehicle 45 has a lifting device 46, which is designed in the form of a hydraulically driven circular arc shell. A curvature of this circular arc shell is adapted to a curvature of the outer surface of the rollers 3, 4 , so that the rollers 3, 4 can rest on the lifting device 46 at least approximately with an accurate fit and with a stable balance.

In the example shown, the transport carriage 45 has a width 50 which corresponds approximately to a sum of the diameters of the two rollers 3, 4 . The hoist 46 in turn has a width 51 which corresponds approximately to a diameter of a roller 3, 4 ; in the example shown, the width 51 of the lifting device 46 is somewhat smaller than the diameter of the rollers 3, 4. In order to be able to engage the lifting device 46 with a respective roller 3, 4 , it can advantageously be moved on the transport vehicle 45 , and in a direction perpendicular to the axes of rotation 6, 7 of the rollers 3, 4 and parallel to a transport plane 48 of the transport vehicle 45, that is to say in the horizontal direction. In this way, the hoist 46 can be moved individually under the respective roller 3, 4 to be dismantled.

To dismantle the loose roller 4 , the transport vehicle 45 is moved under the rollers 3, 4 and the lifting device 46 is moved under the loose roller 4 . The hoist 46 is then raised until it comes into contact with the idler roller 4 . Starting from this state, the hoist 46 is raised by a further amount in order to lift the roller bearings 56 of the idler roller 4 or the bearing surfaces 43 of the idler roller 4 from their contact surfaces 44 . This further lifting of the hoist 46 together with the loose roller 4 is preferably only a few millimeters up to 1.5 cm.

The swivel devices 9, 10 are then moved into their disassembly positions by corresponding actuation of the pressing devices 5 , in which they release the idler roller 4 . This is in the Figures 6g and 6h shown. In order to move the swivel devices 9, 10 into these disassembly positions, the Pressing devices 5 at least retracted so far that the idler roller 4 is released. In the course of this retraction of the pressing devices 5 , their respective reciprocating pistons 55 are typically completely retracted into their associated lifting cylinders, the pivoting devices 9, 10 being pivoted about their pivot axes 13 .

The idler roller 4 can then be freely moved downwards. In the example shown, a movement in the direction of the axis of rotation 7 of the idler roller 4 is not yet possible, since the idler roller 4 would collide with the bolt 28 of the front half frame 25 , which is remote from the respective drive device. It goes without saying that removal of the rollers 3, 4 along parallels to their axes of rotation 6, 7 is particularly advantageous in the direction in which the drive devices of the rollers 3, 4 are not located.

In order to avoid a collision of the idler roller 4 with the supporting structure 2 , the former is then lowered again by means of the lifting device 46 ( Figure 6i ) and the loose roller 4 is then transported along the rails 47 ( Figure 6i ). The lowering of the loose roller 4 takes place here by a dimension of approx. 50 mm.

The process described for the loose roller 4 is essentially repeated analogously for the fixed roller 3 , a special feature occurring in the example shown: after the fixed roller 3 has been raised from its bearing points 37 , it is not possible to overlap the fixed roller 3 with the side To solve the support structure 2 by means of a movement of the support structure 2 itself, as was possible with the idler roller 4 by means of the movement of the swivel devices 9, 10 . It is therefore necessary here not only to lower the fixed roller 3 vertically downwards, but also to move it sideways, as it were, in the direction of the loose roller 4 which is no longer present. It goes without saying that the lateral movement must take place before the vertical movement, since otherwise the fixed roller 3 is put down again in its supports. The resulting procedure is the Figures 6m to 6p removable.

After the hard roll has been moved correspondingly by means of the hoist 46 3, it is just as before, the idle pulley 4 transported by the transport vehicle 45 along the rails 47 and thus complete the disassembly procedure. The subsequent assembly of other, new rollers or the same rollers 3, 4 after their retrofitting is preferably carried out analogously to the disassembly, but then in the reverse order.

It goes without saying that the features of the roller press and the dismantling method described above can in principle be implemented independently of one another, provided this is technically possible.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

roller Press

2

supporting structure

3

(Fixed) roll

4

(Los) roll

5

pressing device

6

axis of rotation

7

axis of rotation

8th

grinding gap

9

Pivot means

10

Pivot means

11

depository

12

point of attack

13

swivel axis

14

Lower end of a swivel device

15

Lower end of the roll

16

free space

17

height

18

lever arm

19

lever arm

20

center line

21

The End

22

The End

23

height

24

kink

25

half frame

26

half frame

27

support

28

bars

29

line of action

30

resulting

31

Rigid corner

32

line of action

33

connecting line

34

pivot bearing

35

line of action

36

resulting

37

depository

38

stub shaft

39

half space

40

vertical plane

41

Action line intersection

42

junction

43

storage area

44

bearing surface

45

transport vehicle

46

hoist

47

rail

48

transport plane

49

longitudinal axis

50

Width (transport vehicle)

51

Width (hoist)

52

Spherical plain bearings

53

hopper

54

press housing

55

reciprocating

56

roller bearing

57

stiffening rib

α

bending angle

β

angle

Claims (15)

1. A method for disassembling rollers (3, 4) of a roller press (1) standing on a base, the roller press (1) comprising

   - at least one support structure (2),

   - at least two rollers (3, 4) mounted on the support structure (2) and

   - at least one pressing device (5),

   wherein the rollers (3, 4) are respectively rotated around an axis of rotation (6, 7) when the roller press (1) is in operation, wherein an axis of rotation (6, 7) respectively extends in the longitudinal direction of the corresponding roller (3, 4),
   wherein the axes of rotation (6, 7) are oriented parallel to one another and horizontally, so that the rollers (3, 4) collectively delimit a grinding gap (8), into which the grinding material can be introduced and subsequently ground between the rollers (3, 4),
   wherein at least one of the rollers (3, 4) is designed as an idling roller (4), which cooperates with at least two pivoting devices (9, 10), wherein the end portions of the idling roller (3) which are opposite one another are respectively mounted on a mounting position (11) of a pivoting device (9, 10),
   wherein the at least one pressing device (5) engages on a point of engagement (12) on at least one of the pivoting devices (9, 10), so that the idling roller (4) can be pivoted around a pivot axis (13) relative to the remaining support structure (2) by action of the pressing device (5) by means of the pivoting devices (9, 10), as a result of which a distance can be modified between the axes of rotation (6, 7) of the idling roller (4) and the other roller (3),
   comprising the following method steps:

   a) The rollers (3, 4) are detached from the support structure (2),

   b) The rollers (3, 4) are removed, wherein at least the idling roller (4) is moved in a direction parallel to its axis of rotation (7) relative to the support structure (2) after being detached from the support structure (2),

   characterized by the following method step:
   c) The idling roller (4) is lowered starting from its operating position relative to the support structure (2) prior to its movement parallel to the axis of rotation.
2. The method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the lowering is undertaken in such a way, that a collision between the idling roller (4) and the support structure (2) in the course of the movement, parallel to the axis of rotation, of the idling roller (4) relative to the support structure (2) is avoided, preferably the lowering of the idling roller (4) is undertaken within a range between 3 cm and 30 cm, preferably between 4 cm and 25 cm, further preferably between 5 cm and 20 cm.
3. The method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, both rollers (3, 4) are moved respectively parallel to their axes of rotation (6, 7) after being detached from the support structure (2), and preferably one after the other.
4. The method according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, the idling roller (4) is moved at least by the amount of its length parallel to its axis of rotation (7).
5. The method according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, the idling roller (4) is moved in the direction parallel to its axis of rotation (7), which faces away from a drive device of the idling roller (4).
6. The method according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the idling roller (4) is detached from the support structure (2) by means of lifting bearing surfaces (43) of the idling roller (4) from corresponding contact surfaces (44) of the pivoting devices (9, 10), wherein the idling roller (4) is lifted preferably by an amount between 10 mm and 200 mm, preferably between 20 mm and 150 mm, further preferably between 30 mm and 100 mm.
7. The method according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, before removing the idling roller (4), the pivoting devices (9, 10) are pivoted around their pivot axes (13) in such a way that the idling roller (4) can be freely moved in the direction of its axis of rotation (7) relative to the pivoting devices (9, 10).
8. The method according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, the idling roller (4) is displaced by means of a transport vehicle (45) in a direction parallel to its axis of rotation (7) relative to the support structure (2).
9. The method according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, following the idling roller (4), the other roller (3) is disassembled, wherein preferably also the other roller (3) is moved in a direction of its axis of rotation (6) relative to the support structure (2) after being detached from the support structure (2).
10. The method according to one Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, at least the idling roller (4), preferably both rollers (3, 4), are lifted in the course of being detached from the support structure (2) by means of a lifting device (46), which is previously positioned beneath the respective roller (3, 4).
11. The method according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that, the rollers (3, 4) are removed by means of a transport vehicle (45) which is displaced parallel to the axes of rotation (6, 7) of the rollers (3, 4), in particular on rails (47), which are preferably mounted on or in the base.
12. The method according to Claims 10 and 11, wherein the lifting device (46) is arranged on the transport vehicle (45), characterized in that the lifting device (46) is moved in a direction perpendicular to the axes of rotation (6, 7) of the rollers (3, 4) as well as parallel to the base relative to the transport vehicle (45), so that the lifting device (46) is positioned beneath a roller (3, 4) which is respectively to be disassembled.
13. A roller press (1) standing on a base and a transport vehicle (45) for disassembling rollers (3, 4) of the roller press (1), the roller press (1) comprising

    - at least one support structure (2) and

    - at least two rollers (3, 4) mounted on the support structure (2),

    wherein the rollers (3, 4) can be respectively rotated around an axis of rotation (6, 7) when the roller press (1) is in operation, wherein an axis of rotation (6, 7) respectively extends in the longitudinal direction of the corresponding roller (3, 4),
    wherein the axes of rotation (6, 7) are oriented parallel to one another and horizontally, so that the rollers (3, 4) collectively delimit a grinding gap (8), into which the grinding material can be introduced and subsequently ground between the rollers (3, 4),
    the transport vehicle (45) comprising at least one lifting device (46),
    wherein the lifting device (46) can be moved perpendicular to a horizontal transport plane (48) relative to the remaining transport vehicle (45), perpendicular to a longitudinal axis (49) of the transport vehicle (45) and parallel to the transport place (48) relative to the remaining transport vehicle (45),
    characterized in that,
    the support structure (2) has a clearance (16) beneath the rollers (3, 4), into which the transport vehicle (45) can drive, so that the transport vehicle (45) can contact at least one of the rollers (3, 4) from the underside thereof, wherein at least one roller (3, 4) can be lowered by means of the lifting device (46) relative to the support structure (2).
14. The device according to Claim 13, characterized by rails (47), on which the transport vehicle (45) can be driven, wherein the rails (47) run at least partly in the clearance (16).
15. The device according to Claim 13 or 14, characterized in that, a width (50) of the transport vehicle (45) measured perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (49) of the transport vehicle (45) corresponds at least substantially to a total of diameters of the two rollers (3, 4).

Images